SUBSTATION DESI GN MANUAL

CHAPTER 7

Current Transformer



Power & Water Corporation
Power Networks








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Substation Design Manual
Chapter 7 Current Transformer
Document Number
D2010/287832

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Revision History


Changes made to this manual since the last revision are highlighted in yellow.


Disclaimer

The information contained in this document has been carefully compiled but Power & Water
Corporation takes no responsibility for any loss or liability of any kind suffered by any party, not
being the intended recipient of this document, in reliance upon its contents whether arising
from any error or inaccuracy in the information or any default, negligence or lack of care in
relation to the preparation of the information in this document.

Title Substation Design Manual
Section Current Transformer
Document I D D2010/287832
Prepared Hydro Tasmania Consulting 09/10/2009
Reviewed Hydro Tasmania Consulting 09/10/2009
Revision Revision
Date
Details Authorised
Name / Position Signature
Draft 09/10/2009 For client review and input
Final Draft 4/12/2009
Revised following client
comments
Andrew Millers/
Specialist Engineer

Rev 1 18/01/2012
Revised to suit client
comments
Leonardo Torelli/
Entura

Rev 2 20/12/2012
Revised metering CT and VT
requirements
David Wilkey /
Entura

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Chapter 7 Current Transformer
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Reference documents
Documents listed below are relevant to this chapter of the Power & Water Corporation (PWC)
Substation Design Manual. Each reference shall be followed by its list number E.g.: [1]. Any
listed reference which has a later edition shall take precedence unless indicated otherwise.
[1] AS/NZS 1554.1 Structural steel welding - Welding of steel structures
[2] AS 2067 Substations and high voltage installations exceeding 1 kV a.c
[3] AS 2650 Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and
controlgear standards
[4] AS/NZS 3000 Electrical Installations - Wiring Rules
[5] AS 60044.1 Instrument transformers - Current transformers
[6] AS/NZS 60137 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 V
[7] AS 62271.100 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - High-voltage
alternating-current circuit-breakers
[8] AS 62271.301 High voltage switchgear and controlgear - Dimensional
standardization of terminals
[9] PPD00804-06 Technical Specification - Current Transformers
[10] D2010/287826 Chapter 3 - Circuit Breaker
[11] D2010/287835 Chapter 9 - Neutral Earthing Reactor
[12] D2010/287848 Chapter 26 - Period Contract List of Suppliers
[13] D2010/287845 Chapter 23- Protection and Control Panel
[14] XXX Chapter 30 - 66 kV Gas Insulated Metal Enclosed Switchgear
[15] D2010/287833 Chapter 8 Voltage Transformer

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Table of Contents

7.1 66 kV Current Transformer Rating and location ........................................................... 5
7.2 66 kV Current Transformer Type ............................................................................... 5
7.3 66/11 or 66/22 kV Transformer Current Transformers ................................................. 7
7.4 Current Transformer Arrangement ............................................................................. 7
7.5 Voltage Transformers ............................................................................................... 7
7.6 Marshalling Box ........................................................................................................ 7
7.7 Earthing .................................................................................................................. 8
7.8 11 or 22 kV Current Transformer ............................................................................... 8
7.9 Transformer Neutral Current Transformer ................................................................ 10
7.10 Capacitor Bank Unbalance Current Transformer ........................................................ 11
7.11 Current Transformer Cables .................................................................................... 11


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7.1 66 kV Current Transformer Rating and location
Current transformers shall be mounted in either the bushings of the dead tank circuit breakers
in the 66 kV switchyard or in the indoor Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS). When mounted in the
circuit breaker bushing, current transformer ratings shall be equal to, or above the rating of the
circuit breaker, which is specified in [10]. Current transformers mounted in Gas insulated
switchgear shall have a similar rating for consistency. For current transformers mounted in the
Gas Insulated Switchgear refer to [14].
Circuit breakers shall be selected from the PWC current suppliers list [12]. Other supplies can
be suggested for review to PWC, or their nominated superintendent.

7.2 66 kV Current Transformer Type
The current transformers shall be designed in accordance with [5] and any other relevant
Australian standards, for normal service conditions.
The current transformer shall have separate secondary windings for metering and protection
functions. They shall be capable of providing necessary energy to protective devices and
instruments with a reasonable allowance for future loads and instruments.
Current transformers shall be specified by the designer to reflect the requirements in Table 7.1:
Table 7.1
Circuit CT
number
Description Available ratio Class
66 kV
lines
-T01 X current
differential
1000/500/1A 0.03PX_R_@1000/1A
-T02 Y distance 1000/500/1A 0.03PX_R_@1000/1A
-T03 Metering 1000/500/1A 15VA 0.5M
Circuit Breaker Location
-T04
Y 66 kV bus
low
impedance
2000/1600/1A 0.03PX_R_@2000/1A
-T05 X 66 kV bus
low
impedance
2000/1600/1A 0.03PX_R_@2000/1A

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Circuit CT
number
Description Available
ratio
Class
66/11 kV or
66/22 kV
transformers
-T01 X transformer
differential
600/400/1A 0.03PX_R_@600/1A
-T02 Y transformer
differential
600/400/1A 0.03PX_R_@600/1A
-T03 Metering 600/400/1A 15VA 0.5M
Circuit Breaker Location
-T04
Y 66 kV bus low
impedance
2000/1600/1A 0.03PX_R_@2000/1A
-T05 X 66 kV bus low
impedance
2000/1600/1A 0.03PX_R_@2000/1A
Bus section
-T01 X 66 kV bus low
impedance
2000/1600/1A 0.03PX_R_@2000/1A
-T02 Y 66 kV bus low
impedance
2000/1600/1A 0.03PX_R_@2000/1A
-T03 Metering 2000/1600/1A 15VA 0.5M
Circuit Breaker Location
-T04 Overcurrent 2000/1600/1A 10VA 5P20
-T05
Y 66 kV bus low
impedance
2000/1600/1A 0.03PX_R_@2000/1A
-T06 X 66 kV bus low
impedance
2000/1600/1A 0.03PX_R_@2000/1A

As shown on the Table 7.1, current transformer knee point voltage shall be specified at the
highest ratio to secure resistance value linearity at the lower tap.
The current transformer class as indicated above requires the knee point voltage and maximum
resistance of secondary winding at 75 degrees values. The designer shall determine these for
each application, via one of the following methods:
1. PWC shall provide the prospective 3-phase I
fault max
, phase-ground I
fault max
and X/R ratio
to designer to perform the necessary calculations to determine knee point voltage and
maximum resistance of secondary. PWCs preference is to use 25kA for all technical
sizing calculations.
2. PWC shall request that the designer perform the necessary fault studies to determine
knee point voltage and maximum resistance of secondary winding
The method to be used to calculate the required parameters shall be specified in the
scope of works document for the site.
Current transformer performance calculation report shall be submitted to PWC for review.
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7.3 66/ 11 or 66/ 22 kV Transformer Current Transformers
Current transformers shall be installed inside the bushings of the 66/11 or 66/22 kV power
transformer. The following current transformers shall be installed as a minimum:
Current transformer shall be installed on the red phase of the LV side for current input
into the automatic voltage regulator relay
Current transformers shall be installed on the white phase on both the HV and LV sides
of the power transformer for winding temperature indication
Current transformer shall be installed on the white phase of the LV side of the
transformer for future transformer condition monitoring (DRMCC)
The 6.6 kV delta tertiary winding is not used. Therefore, no current transformer is
required on the tertiary bushing
Current transformers shall be specified by the designer in accordance to the requirements
detailed in Section 7.2, 7.9 and 7.10.

7.4 Current Transformer Arrangement
Current transformer polarity markings on the primary and secondary windings shall be P1 and
P2 for primary and S1 and S2 for secondary windings. The polarity convention between the
primary and secondary windings is such that when current flows through the primary winding
from P1 to P2, the current in the secondary winding flows from S1 to S2.
PWC has a preference for P1 to be closest to the bus and the earthing point of the secondary
circuit to be towards the protected object.
Current transformer cores shall be connected to the protection relays on the principal of
overlapping protection zones and shall be on both sides on the circuit breaker, if technically
feasible.
Separate current transformer cores shall be used for X and Y protection schemes.

7.5 Voltage Transformers
For voltage transformer requirements including rating and class, see the Voltage Transformer section
[15].
7.6 Marshalling Box
The current transformer marshalling box makes up a part of the dead tank circuit breaker
control cubicle or GIS local control cubicle. Within the control cubicle, transformer terminals
shall be located on one side of the control cubicle, with the circuit breaker terminals located on
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the opposite side. The control cubicles shall be supplied with the dead tank circuit breaker or
GIS by the manufacturer of this primary plant.
The marshalling box shall be equipped with slide-disconnect test link terminals to enable testing
of all protection and metering equipment without removing any wires from the terminals. The
test link orientation shall be such that they fall closed.
The test links shall be arranged and labelled to facilitate easy identification, connection and
testing of the current transformers.
All secondary current transformer core taps shall be brought out and connected to the test links
of the corresponding marshalling box. Outgoing wires shall be left long enough to enable any
available ratio to be selected.
The current transformer circuits for each three phase CT arrangement shall be connected in
star configuration, unless a delta configuration is specifically required. The common star point
shall be formed at the terminals in the marshalling box. For the protection current transformers,
the relay side of the test links shall be connected as the star point.

7.7 Earthing
The secondary circuits of all current transformers must be earthed as close to the current
transformer as possible, preferably the marshalling box. If multiple current transformers are
required, then the neutrals shall be earthed at the point of summation, typically in the
protection panel.
PWC typically uses low impedance bus protection schemes and thus the current transformer
inputs shall be summated in the bus protection relay. If a high impedance bus protection
scheme is required, then the current transformers shall be summated within a summation box
in the switchyard. In this event the neutral shall be earthed at the point of the summation in
the summation box.
Current transformers shall be earthed at one point only. Multiple earths shall not be allowed
under any circumstances, in order to avoid the possibility of part of the connected equipment
being short circuited through earth.
Current transformer earthing shall be achieved by a solid connection between the neutral and
the earth bar.

7.8 11 or 22 kV Current Transformer
The 11 or 22 kV current transformers shall be installed in the 11 or 22 kV switchboard within
the current transformer compartment.
The orientation of the current transformers shall be such that P1 is closest to the circuit
breaker.
The capacitor bank shall have reactors installed to limit the inrush current and reduce the risk
of current transformer saturation.
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Current transformers for 11 and 22 kV circuits shall be as specified in Table 7.2 and Table 7.3:

Table 7.2 - 11 kV CTs
Circuit
CT
number Description Ratio/ s Class
Bus Tie or Bus
Section
-T01 11 kV bus zone 2000/1A
0.03PX 350 R11
@2000/1
-T02 Bus O/C and E/F 2000/1A 15VA 5P10
-T03
Bus O/C and E/F or
Bus tie O/C and E/F 2000/1A 15VA 5P10
-T04 11 kV bus zone 2000/1A
0.03PX 350 R11
@2000/1
Transformer
11 kV Incomer


-T01
X transformer
differential 2000/1A
0.05PX_R_
@2000/1
-T02
Y transformer
differential 2000/1A
0.05PX_R_
@2000/1
-T03 Bus O/C and E/F 2000/1A 15VA 5P10
-T04 11 kV bus zone 2000/1A
0.03PX 350 R11
@2000/1
Capacitor Bank

-T01
Capacitor bank O/C
and E/F 800/400/1A 12.5VA 5P10
-T02 11 kV bus zone 2000/1A
0.03PX 350 R11
@2000/1
Feeder

-T01 Feeder O/C and E/F 600/400/1A 12.5VA 5P10
-T02 11 kV bus zone 2000/1A
0.03PX 350 R11
@2000/1
Express Feeder

-T01 Feeder O/C and E/F 1200/1000/600/1A 12.5VA 5P10
-T02 Pilot wire diff 1200/1000/600/1A 0.03PX_R_@1200/1
-T03 11 kV bus zone 2000/1A
0.03PX 350 R11
@2000/1

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Table 7.3 - 22 kV CTs
Circuit
CT
number Description Ratio/ s Class
Bus Tie or Bus
Section
-T01 22 kV bus zone 1250/1A 0.03PX_R_@1250/1
-T02 Bus O/C and E/F 1250/1A 15VA 5P10
-T03
Bus O/C and E/F or
Bus tie O/C and E/F 1250/1A 15VA 5P10
-T04 22 kV bus zone 1250/1A 0.03PX_R_@1250/1
Transformer
22 kV Incomer


-T01
X transformer
differential 1250/1A 0.05PX_R_@1250/1
-T02
Y transformer
differential 1250/1A 0.05PX_R_@1250/1
-T03 Bus O/C and E/F 1250/1A 15VA 5P10
-T04 22 kV bus zone 1250/1A 0.03PX_R_@1250/1
Capacitor Bank

-T01
Capacitor bank O/C
and E/F 600/300/1A 12.5VA 5P10
-T02 22 kV bus zone 1250/1A 0.03PX_R_@1250/1
Feeder

-T01 Feeder O/C and E/F 400/200/1A 12.5VA 5P10
-T02 22 kV bus zone 1250/1A 0.03PX_R_@1250/1

The class of the current transformers has been specified assuming that the relays are mounted
in the protection and control panels which are locate within 50 m from the 11 or 22 kV
switchboard. If the relays are mounted elsewhere, the designer shall review the class to ensure
that the performance level of the current transformer remains the same.

7.9 Transformer Neutral Current Transformer
The neutral point of the LV side of the transformer shall be earthed via a neutral earth reactor,
refer to [11] for details. The HV side of the transformer shall only be earthed if the transformer
is close proximity to a generator. The requirements shall be specified in the scope of
works document for the site.
Separate current transformer for X and Y restricted earth fault protection shall be installed on
the neutral connection. On the LV side of the transformer, the current transformer shall be
installed between the reactor and the earth connection to ensure full protection of the neutral
earth reactor.
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The transformer neutral current transformer shall be as specified in Table 7.4 and Table 7.5:
Table 7.4 - 11 kV
CT
number Description
Available
ratio Class
-T01
X transformer differential
11 kV REF 2000/1A 0.05PX_R_@2000/1
-T02
Y transformer differential
11 kV REF 2000/1A 0.05PX_R_@2000/1

Table 7.5 - 22 kV
CT
number Description
Available
ratio Class
-T01
X transformer differential
22 kV REF 1250/1A 0.05PX_R_@1250/1
-T02
Y transformer differential
22 kV REF 1250/1A 0.05PX_R_@1250/1

7.10 Capacitor Bank Unbalance Current Transformer
Current unbalance protection shall be used on the capacitor banks. The capacitor bank current
transformers will be installed in the capacitor bank cubicle. Current transformers shall be as
specified in Table 7.6:
Table 7.6
Circuit Description Ratio Class
Capacitor
Bank
Current Unbalance Trip
and Alarm 20/1A 10VA 5P10

7.11 Current Transformer Cables
Refer to [13] for details.