Presented by: Adnan Ali (B.

Eng)
What is CHP
Combined heat and power (CHP) is the simultaneous generation
of usable heat and power (usually electricity) in a single process.

The electricity is generated on or close to your site, allowing you
to capture and use the resulting waste heat for site applications.


Co-generation and Tri-generation:
Cogeneration is the generation of electricity and thermal energy (heating)
from a single fuel source.
Tri-generation is the generation of electricity, thermal energy and cooling
from a single fuel source.



Two Basic Types of CHP Systems
- Topping Cycle' System
- Bottoming Cycle' Systems



For developers:
Improved energy rating for the building
Easy installation
Chance to earn extra income by selling electricity to the grid

For customers:
Energy cost savings
Reliable energy supply

For society:
Energy savings
Reduction in emission of CO
2
into the atmosphere

Operational benefits
Minimal service requirement with long service intervals
Acts as a backup supply

Environmental benefits
Reduced energy use, carbon footprint
Reduced transmission losses
Low noise design, NOx exhaust

Financial benefits
Reduced energy cost
Reduced life cycle cost by long service intervals

Disadvantages
Inefficient for short run cycles
High installation costs
Some CHP units are heavy
Current payback period is in excess of 20 years


India is the 7
th
largest country in the world and 5
th
biggest power portfolio in the world.
The per capita electricity consumption in India is about 778kWh/year, which is
significantly lower than the world average of around 2,100 kWh/year .
The total installed capacity of India is
The power demand is increasing exponentially due to massive population growth and
economic development. India is the fifth largest power generation portfolio. Coal and
Gas are the popular resources and share for 58% and 9% respectively.
The Indian economy has been growing at healthy rate touching the high of 9.6%
in the year 2006-07. However, consequent to the global melt down in 2008-09,
India has also been affected particularly resulting in the growth rate
decelerating to 5% in 2012-13.

Industrial
Chemical industry,Refining industry,Sugar Mills,
Pulp and Paper,Glass Manufacturing, Rubber and Plastic
Industry, Metallurgy, Heavy processing (Food, textile,
timber, minerals), Brewing, coke ovens
CHP commercial/ Institutional
Light manufacturing
Hotels
Hospitals
Large urban office buildings
Agricultural operations
District heating and cooling
All buildings within reach of heat network including
office buildings, Universities, airports, individual
houses, campuses, airports, industry

Technological constraints
High pressure and High temperature parameters
High pressure boilers, turbines and accessories are not easily
available
Financial constraints
Investments required for the CHP systems are substantial. Often the
industries find it difficult to raise resources for the incremental cost
of setting up a CHP
The tax and duty structure on the capital equipment used for the
CHP facility are not as attractive as in case of other non-conventional
energy sources

Pricing Policy
Lack of clear pricing policy
Grid Related problems
Parallel operation of generating units( Safety, Power
quality, Reliability, Protection of facilities)
Difference of voltage level in generation and grid


Hospital Pushpanjali Crosslay, Ghaziabad
A 400 bed hospital located in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh has a peak electrical
demand of 1550 kW and a peak chilling demand of 2813 kW (800TR).
The cogeneration plant comprises 2 x 774 kW gas engines and 2 x 1582 kW (2 x
450 TR) VAM (vapour absorption machine) to be run from the exhaust of the
engines. To meet the additional 351.6 kW (100 TR) load, electrical chillers were
Installed.


Case Study 2: Hotel ITC Maurya Sheraton, New
Delhi
ITC Maurya Sheraton, a 440 room, 5 star hotel located in New
Delhi wanted to reduce its variable expense on power
generation, by installing a co-generation plant.
The project comprises a 1.1 MW gas engine and 1055 kW (300
TR) VAM run from the exhaust of the engines.