Contrastive Linguistics - First Round (Key)

1. Decide whether the following statements are true or false (10x2)

1. It is possible to have a to-infinitive postmodification in !"!#. true
2. $erfect is the same as perfective. false
%. &nglish has no suppletion. false
'. In men(s wear) men(s is premodifier true
*. +ense is extralinguistic categor,. false
-. Discourse anal,sis is an attempt to describe linguistic events within extralinguistic settings. true
.. $redicator can never occour in the initial position in &nglish. false
II. /ill in the gaps
1. -ion) -s) -ing are 0000000derivational0000000000000) whereas -s)-is 000inflectional00000000000 suffixes.
2. +here are three t,pes of affixes1 00suffixes000000000) 00prefixes 00000000000) 00 00000 and 000 infixes
00000000000.
%. "ase inflections signal 000grammatical00000000functions and therefore in non-inflectional languages 0000word
order00000is not important.
'. $erfective forms are formed b, 00adding a prefix0000000000 to the imperfective verb. 22222222222222222
*. 3a4a 4e doni4ela d4e5a6u 6ola5a. /irst ob4ect 0000Dative00000000 (case) second 000000genitive00000.
-. 7s4e8am se dobro. "s in !"!# is) 0000adjective00000000) whereas in &nglish00adverb0000000. 2222
.. 9 text needs to have a new information0000000informative000000000) and to be in a clear and sensible
order000000coherent00000000
III $rovide examples ('x2)
conversion 000000better to better0000000000 t!e bottle to bottle
9orist in !"!#000000"uradi! uradi uradise 000000000
"s in initial position0000000000000000
9naphoric reference00000:ohn hates wor6. #e avoids it whenever he can.
I; a.<nderline the relative clause functioning as postmodifier1
b. write the antecedent
c. what is the s,ntactic function of the relative pronoun
1. "lara oweden was magnificentl, tall) blac6 as ebon, and crushed sable) with hair planted in a horseshoe $!ic! pointed
up $!en s!e felt luc%y do$n $!en s!e didn&t' 9ntecedent = !orses!oe subject((
2. 3agid and 3illat stopped and loo6ed in awe at the perfectl, white >i6es t!at $ere no$ in )e&s possession. 9ntecedent
= perfectly $!ite *i%es subject ((
%. 7va4 mladi 5ov4e6 me uvi4e6 i?nova i?nena@ivao ne6om neo5e6ivanoA8u %oju nije bilo la%o objasniti ni opravdati'
9ntecedent-neoce%ivanoscu (((
'. #traBari su ra?ma6nuli gomilu i uveli ga u sobu) u %ojoj je le+ao ubijeni trgovac. 9ntecedent = sobu (((
; &xplain and exemplif, (.x2)
a. text vs discourse anal,sis
,ext analysis searc! for units of linguistic organi-ation larger t!an t!e single sentence vertical broadening. to
larger linguistic units formal devices for establis!ing connections bet$een sentences (formal) !o$ sentences are
organi-ed into larger units (texts)
/iscourse analysis attempt to describe linguistic events $it!in extralinguistic settings' #ori-ontal broadening. to
incorporate socio-cultural settings $it!in linguistics' /ealing $it! use $!ic! sentences are appropriate to
particular contexts (functional) !o$ people use language'
b. "ompounding
0trict pattern. t!e first element receives t!e main stress but t!e second element usually determines t!e
compound1s ne$ $ord class' 2'3 4lac%bird' ,!e stress is on blac% but t!e $orld class is t!e noun' ,!e second
element is t!e !ead of t!e compound' ,!e !ead of a compound belongs to one of t!ree major $ord classes. noun
verb or adjective'
Contrastive Linguistics 55 - 0econd Round (Key)
I Decide whether the following statements are true or false (10x2)
1. Coot is morphologicall, simple Dtrue
2. #tem can be morphologicall, comlex. true
%. In !"!# complex-transitive sentence patter does not exist. false
'. In sva6i dan) sva6i is premodifier. true
*. Discourse anal,sis is an attempt to describe linguistic events within extralinguistic settings. true
-. In &nglish verbs never ta6e initial position. false
.. ;erb phrase can consist from two up to six elements. False
II /ill in the blan6s (1*x2)
1. 9 simple word 000000free000000000 morpheme can occur on its own.
2. 9n affix or 000000bound0000000 morpheme cannot stand on its own.
%. +he following phone-E to phone) hammer-E to hammer are examples of 00000000conversion0000000.
'. In inflectional languages 00000case inflection00000000 signal grammatical functions and therefore in non-inflectional
languages 000order000000000 is not so important.
*. "ase inflections signal000000grammatical functions0000000000.
-. $owerful car vs. strong car (Fpowerful tea vs. strong tea) are examples of 000000collocations0000000. 222222
.. In (doing( schema sub4ect is alwa,s 000000000agent00000000.
G. +here are five t,pe of phrases10000noun p!rase00000000000)00000verb p!rase000000000000) 000adjective
p!rase00000000000) 00adverb p!rase00000000000 and 00prepositional p!rase000000000000.
H. #uccessive sentences must be 000informative000000000 and 000000000relevant0000.
III $rovide examples (10x2)
1.#entences - D+ with 7i -Ien) 7d -Dat (!"!#)00000000ana je dala djeca%u
vode000000000000000000022222222222222
2. >on-finite verb in !"!#000000004esam. 6oristen00000000000000222222
%. /inite verb in &nglish000000000$rote00000000000000000
'. $ostmodification b, $$ in &nglish00000t!e lamp above t!e table0000000000000000000-
*. #uppletive form in !"!#00000000covje% - ljudi0000000000000
I; 9nal,se and define processes (10x2)

friendl, - derivation friend6ly blac6bird = compounding blac%6bird adj6noun
ribica - riba6ica derivation $rofa = clipping professor -profa
smrdibuba smrdi6buba =compounding verb6noun phone = clipping telep!one-p!one
vodopad = compounding voda6pad noun6noun sitcome = blending situational6comedy
reactivate = affixation (prefixation) re6activate
; 9nal,se the phrase (10x1)
9 structurall, modern image of stop-at-nothing.
>oun phrase - determiner) premodifier) head noun) postmodifier
Determiner =9
$remodifier - structurall, modern =ad4ective phrase -
Jead noun = image
$ostmodifier = prepositional phrase - 7f stop-at-nothing
$$ = preposition = of) noun phrase = head noun
Jead noun = stop-at-nothing 22222222222222
;I &xplain and exemplif, (2x*)
theme vs. rheme
t!eme-7t!e clause constituent $!ic! is selected to be t!e point of departure of t!e clause as message' 5t can serve
to lin% up $it! $!at !as gone before in t!e discourse and it !elps to pus! t!e message for$ard' ,!eme is same as
,opic and 0ubject' 8nmar%ed. coincides $it! t!e expected element e9g9 0ubject in a declarative sentence' )ar%ed.
some ot!er element (objects complements adjuncts') is broug!t to initial position !as some additional
significance in t!e discourse' R!eme -7 important ne$ information
endophoric reference
,!e reference can be to ot!er concepts mentioned in t!e text (endop!oric reference) 2ndop!oric elements get t!eir
interpretation from t!e textual context' ,!ey can be anap!oric (refer to t!e preceding context and catap!oric (refer
to t!e context t!at follo$s