Three-Phase Circuits Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Objectives:
Discuss the differences between three-phase
and single-phase voltages
Discuss the characteristics of delta and w!e
connections
Co"pute voltage and current values for delta
and w!e connections
Co"pute the a"ount of capacitance needed to
correct the power factor of a three-phase "otor Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Three-Phase #dvantages $ The horsepower rating of three-phase "otors and the %&# rating of three-phase transfor"ers are $'() greater than single-phase "otors or transfor"ers of si"ilar fra"e si*e Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Three-Phase #dvantages 2 The power delivered b! a single-phase s!ste" pulsates and falls to *ero The three-phase power never falls to *ero The power delivered to the load in a three-phase s!ste" is the sa"e at an! instant This produces superior operating characteristics for three-phase "otors Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Three-Phase #dvantages + # three-phase s!ste" needs three conductors, however- each conductor is onl! 7') the si*e of the e.uivalent %&# rated single-phase conductors Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Three-phase power never falls to *ero
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Three-phase voltages with $2( degrees of phase shift Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits /asic Properties 0 Three-phase s!ste"s have either three or four conductors 0 There are three-phase conductors identified as #- /- and C 0 The three phases are $2( degrees out of phase with each other 1+2( divided b! +3 0 There is so"eti"es a fourth conductor- which is the neutral Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits 4!e Connections 0 The w!e- or star- connection is "ade b! connecting one end of each of the phase windings together in a co""on node 0 5ach phase winding has a voltage drop %nown as the phase voltage 0 The line voltage is "easured fro" phase conductor to a different phase conductor Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits 4!e Connections 0 6n a w!e s!ste"- the line voltage is higher than the phase voltage b! a factor of the s.uare root of + 1$7+23 0 5 7ine 8 5 Phase 9 $7+2 0 5 Phase 8 5 7ine : $7+2 Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits 4!e Connections 0 6n a w!e s!ste"- the line current is e.ual to the phase current 0 6 7ine 8 6 Phase Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits 7ine and phase voltages in a w!e connection
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits 7ine and phase currents in a w!e connection Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits &ector su" of t!pical w!e s!ste" voltages Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Delta Connections 0 6n a delta s!ste"- the line current is higher than the phase current b! a factor of the s.uare root of + 1$7+23 0 6 7ine 8 6 Phase 9 $7+2 0 6 Phase 8 6 7ine : $7+2 Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Delta Connections 0 6n a delta s!ste"- the line current is e.ual to the phase current 0 5 7ine 8 5 Phase Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Delta s!ste" voltage and current relationships Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Delta s!ste" division of currents
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Three-Phase Power 0 Three-phase power can be co"puted in two wa!s- using line values or phase values 0 &# 8 + 9 5 7ine 9 6 7ine 0 &# 8 + 9 5 Phase 9 6 Phase 0 ;ote that this is the sa"e on w!e or delta s!ste"s Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits Three-Phase Power 0 Co"puting watts re.uires using the power factor 1P<3 0 P 8 + 9 5 7ine 9 6 7ine 9 P< 0 P 8 + 9 5 Phase 9 6 Phase 9 P< 0 ;ote that this is the sa"e on w!e or delta s!ste"s Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits 59a"ple =$ given values Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits 59a"ple =2 given values Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits 59a"ple =+ given values Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits 59a"ple => given values
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits ?eview: $ The voltages of a three-phase s!ste" are $2(@ out of phase with each other 2 The two t!pes of three-phase connections are w!e and delta + 4!e connections are characteri*ed b! the fact that one ter"inal of each of the devices is connected together Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits ?eview: > 6n a w!e connection- the phase voltage is less than the line voltage b! a factor of $7+2 The phase current and the line current are the sa"e ' 6n a delta connection- the phase voltage is the sa"e as the line voltage The phase current is less than the line current b! a factor of $7+2