ROMANIAN STANDARD

STAS 1545-89
Classification index G 61
ROAD AND STT !RIDGS" #OOT!RIDGS
$oads
%od&'i (ent'& st'a)i si soosele - Acti&ni
%onts Ro&tie's * %asse'elles - Actions
Re(lacin+,
STAS 1545-8-
%'e.io&s editions,

/alidation date,
1989--8-01
1 GNRA$
1 Sco(e
1*1*1 T1is standa'd 'efe's to t1e dete'2ination of .al&e fo' loads t1at 2&st 3e conside'ed
41en desi+nin+ 'oad and
st'eet 3'id+es and foot3'id+es5 2ade of 2etal5 conc'ete5 'einfo'ced conc'ete5 ('est'essed
conc'ete5 2ason'6 o' 4ood*
1*1*7 T1e ('o.isions of t1is standa'd a'e also .alid fo' co23ined 3'id+es5 as conce'ns t1e
'oad (a't5 41en
calc&latin+ onl6 t1e infl&ences of 'oad t'ains* #o' t1e 'ail4a6 (a't and 41ene.e' t1e
infl&ences of 'ail4a6 t'ains co2e
into calc&lation5 t1e ('o.isions of STAS 1489-88 a'e conside'ed*
1*1*0 #o' i2(o'tant 3'id+es5 fo' 3'id+es t1at 1a.e an &n&s&al 3&ildin+ c1a'acte'istic5 as
4ell as fo' 3'id+es 4it1
s(ecial destination 92o3ile 3'id+es5 'e2o.a3le 3'id+es etc*:5 s(ecific no'2s o'
s(ecifications can 3e ela3o'ated5 in t1e
2eanin+ of t1is standa'd5 41ic1 a'e a((lied &nde' t1e a+'ee2ent of all sta;e1olde's*
1*7 T1e tec1nical 4ei+1ts of t1e 2ate'ials of 41ic1 t1e const'&ction ele2ents a'e 2ade
co2(l6 4it1
STAS 1-1-1<1-88*
1*0 T1e classification and t1e +'o&(s of loads5 as 4ell as t1ei' c1a'+in+ and +'o&(in+
coefficients5 a'e t1ose of
STAS 1-1-1<O!-88*
7 %RMANNT $OADS
7*1 =a6 4ei+1t
7*1*1 T1e 4ei+1t of t1e 4a6 enco2(asses, t1e 4ei+1t of t1e 'oad s6ste2 int'insicall65
t1at of t1e 16d'o-ins&lation
co(in+5 and t1at of t1e e>&ali)in+ o' slo(e conc'ete5 t1e 4ei+1t of t1e 3oa'din+ and t1at
of t1e side4al; ele2ents 9in
case t1e6 a'e not incl&ded in t1e st'en+t1 st'&ct&'e:5 t1e 4ei+1t of t1e 'oad +&a'd
ele2ents5 etc*
T1e 4ei+1t of t1e 4a6 is dete'2ined 3ased on t1e si)es ado(ted in t1e desi+n of t1e
tec1nical 4ei+1ts of t1e
ele2ents it is 2ade of*
7*1*7 T1e 4ei+1t of t1e 4a6 is conside'ed to 3e e.enl6 dist'i3&ted on t1e lon+it&dinal and
t'ans.e'sal 4a6 of t1e
3'id+e*
=1en si)in+ t1e side4al; consoles5 t1e 4ei+1t of t1e 'oad +&a'd is conside'ed to 3e an
e.enl6-dist'i3&ted
linea' c1a'+e alon+ t1e 3'id+es and a((lied to4a'ds t1e axis of t1e fixin+ st'i(*
7*7 St'en+t1 st'&ct&'e 4ei+1t
7*7*1 T1e 4ei+1t of t1e st'en+t1 st'&ct&'e incl&des, 4ei+1t of t1e 3'id+e co.e'in+ and of
its s&((o't ele2ents5
4ei+1t of t1e 3ea'in+ ele2ents 9c'oss-3a's5 2ain 3ea2s5 etc*:5 as 4ell as t1e 4ei+1t of t1e
3'acin+s*
ASOCIATIA D STANDARDI?AR DIN ROM@NIA 9ASRO:5
Ad'esa (ostala, st'* Mendelee. 71-755 8-1685 !&c&'esti 15 Di'ectia Gene'ala, Tel*, A4- 1
711*07*96" #ax, A4- 1 71-*-8*005
Di'ectia Standa'di)a'e, Tel* , A4- 1 01-*40*-8" A4- 1 01-*40*-95 #ax, A4- 1 015*58*8-5
Di'ectia %&3licatii, Se'.* /Bn)a'i<A3ona2ente, Tel, A4- 1 717*88*755 A4- 1 717*89*7-5
A4- 1 717*88*705 A4- 1 017*94*88 "
#ax , A4- 1 71-*75*145 A4- 1 717*86*7-
C ASRO
nti'e o' (a'tial 2&lti(lication o' &se of t1is standa'd in an6 ;ind of (&3lications and 36
an6 2eans 9elect'onicall65
2ec1anicall65 (1otoco(65 2ic'o2edia etc*: is st'ictl6 fo'3idden 4it1o&t a ('io' 4'itten
consent of ASRO
Caseta text, ICS 90*-4-
T1e 4ei+1t of t1e st'en+t1 st'&ct&'e is dete'2ined 3ased on t1e si)es ado(ted in t1e
desi+n and on t1e
tec1nical 4ei+1ts of t1e ele2ents it is 2ade of*
7*7*7 T1e o4n 4ei+1t of t1e st'en+t1 st'&ct&'e is conside'ed fo' calc&lation (&'(oses as a
c1a'+e dist'i3&ted
acco'din+ to t1e 'eal .a'iation of t1e si)es of t1e sections*
It is ad2itted t1at t1e o4n 4ei+1t of t1e st'en+t1 st'&ct&'e is conside'ed as an e.enl6
dist'i3&ted c1a'+e onl6
in t1e follo4in+ cases,
- fo' 2etallic 3'id+es of constant 1ei+1t5 4it1 an o(enin+ s2alle' t1an 1-- 2"
- fo' 2assi.e 3'id+es 4it1 an o(enin+ 3elo4 0- 25 ('o.ided t1at t1e len+t1 of t1e
1a&nc1es is net o.e'
1<1- of t1e o(enin+"
- fo' 4ooden 3'id+es5 i''es(ecti.e of t1e si)e of t1e o(enin+s and of t1e 3&ildin+ s6ste2*
7*0 Dis(lace2ent of soil
7*0*1 Dis(lace2ent of soil is calc&lated ta;in+ into acco&nt t1e (16sical-2ec1anic
c1a'acte'istics of t1e ea't1* T1ese
c1a'acte'istics a'e esta3lis1ed t1'o&+1 tests in +eo-tec1nical la3o'ato'ies*
T1e no'2ati.e .al&es of t1e +eo-tec1nical c1a'acte'istics 'e('esent a.e'a+e 'efe'ence
.al&es dete'2ined 3ased
on a n&23e' of tests co''es(ondin+ to t1e i2(o'tance5 const'&ction t6(e5 and s&'face it
occ&(ies5 as 4ell as on t1e
1o2o+eneit6 de+'ee of t1e ea't1 la6e' conside'ed*
T1e calc&lation .al&es of t1e +eo-tec1nical c1a'acte'istics to 3e &sed fo' &lti2ate li2it
states a'e dete'2ined
36 2&lti(l6in+ t1e no'2ati.e .al&es in >&estion 36 a safet6 coefficient fo' t1e 2ate'ial
D-5 41ic1 ta;es into acco&nt
t1e .a'ia3ilit6 of t1e tests 'es&lts5 dete'2ined acco'din+ to STAS 00--<1-85*
T1e li2it states fo' calc&lation a'e defined in STAS 1-1--<--855 STAS 1-111<7-885 and
STAS 00--<1-85*
T1e esta3lis12ent of no'2ati.e and calc&lation .al&es of +eo-tec1nical c1a'acte'istics is
cond&cted acco'din+
to STAS 00--<1-85*
7*0*7 =1en +eo-tec1nical c1a'acte'istics and D- coefficient5 dete'2ined as a3o.e5 a'e
2issin+5 fo' 3ac;fills of an6
1ei+1t5 co2(osed of non-co1esi.e ea't1s5 o' fo' 3ac;fills 4it1 1ei+1ts of at 2ax* 4 2
2ade of lo4 co1esi.e ea't1s
9sand6 cla6s5 sand6 d&sts5 cla6 sands5 etc*:5 t1e follo4in+ no'2ated .al&es of t1e
c1a'acte'istics needed fo'
dis(lace2ent of soil calc&lation a'e ad2itted,
- inte'io' f'iction an+le # E 00F
- .ol&2et'ic 4ei+1t of 'e+&la' 1&2idit6 ea't1 * E 18 ;N<20
- f'iction an+le 3et4een ea't1 and 2ason'6,
91:
In calc&lations at &lti2ate li2it states5 t1e li2it .al&es of t1e inte'io' f'iction an+le a'e
esta3lis1ed 36 allo4in+
it to 1a.e a 2axi2al .a'iation *# E G 5F5 acco'din+ to t1e 2ost &nfa.o'a3le case" 1i+1e'
.al&es a'e ado(ted fo'
co1esi.e ea't1s*
T1e li2it .al&es fo' .ol&2et'ic 4ei+1ts of ea't1 a'e esta3lis1ed 36 2&lti(l6in+ t1e
no'2ated .al&es 36 t1e
c1a'+e coefficients5 acco'din+ to STAS 1-1-1<O!-88*
7*0*0 #o' +eo-tec1nical c1a'acte'istics of nat&'al la6e' ea't1s in t1e sit&ation 41en t1e'e
a'e not a s&fficient n&23e'
of fields o' la3o'ato'6 dete'2inations5 3ased on t1e 'eco'ds of ca''ied o&t d'illin+s5 t1e
calc&lation .al&es fo' t1e
inte'io' f'iction an+le and co1esion of STAS 00--<1-85 can 3e info'2ati.el6 ado(ted*
7*0*4 =1en calc&latin+ di'ectl6 fo&nded inf'ast'&ct&'es5 4it1 t1e fo&ndation inse'tion
de(t1 of less t1an 5 25 t1e
load of t1e fo&ndation ea't1 (assi.e dis(lace2ent is ta;en into acco&nt* An exce(tion to
t1is is t1e slide sta3ilit6
c1ec; of 4in+s5 3ea'in+ 4alls and anc1o'a+e 3loc;s5 fo' 41ic1 it is allo4ed to ta;e into
conside'ation t1e (assi.e
dis(lace2ent5 ('o.ided t1at t1e 2o.e2ent co''es(ondin+ to t1e (assi.e dis(lace2ent
does not 1a.e &nfa.o'a3le
conse>&ences on t1e 3&ildin+ ex(loitation* T1e inse'tion de(t1 is conside'ed sta'tin+
f'o2 t1e lo4est le.el of t1e 'i.e'
3otto2 9afte' sco&'in+:*
7*0*5 #o' const'&ction ele2ents 9a3&t2ents5 3ea'in+ 4alls5 etc*: fitted 4it1 console
d'ains5 it is conside'ed t1at t1e
dis(lace2ent of soil acts in t1e se(a'ation (lan 3et4een ea't1 and d'ain5 on t1e console
and d'ains 1ei+1t*
If t1e d'ain is not ('o((ed a+ainst t1e console5 it can 3e conside'ed t1at t1e dis(lace2ent
of soil acts in t1e
se(a'ation (lan 3et4een land and d'ain5 onl6 if t1e d'ain 1as t1e 1ei+1t of t1e ele2ent
ta;in+ o.e' t1e dis(lace2ent5
o' if t1e le.el of t1e ele2ent*s fo&ndation 3loc; is at least 1*-- 2 lo4e' t1an t1e d'ain
le.el*
7*4 %'est'ess fo'ces
T1e st'ains ('od&ced 36 ('est'ess fo'ces a'e dete'2ined acco'din+ to STAS 1-111<7-88*
0 TM%ORARH $ONG-TRM $OADS
0*1 C1a'+es ('od&ced 36 t1e 4ei+1t of o3Iects o' installations 2o&nted on t1e 3'id+e
0*1*1 T1e c1a'+es ('od&ced 36 t1e 4ei+1t of o3Iects o' fixed installations 41ic1 a'e
2o&nted on t1e 3'id+e 9(i(es5
4i'es5 ca3les5 as 4ell as t1e 4ei+1t of t1e de.ices 3ea'in+ t1e2: a'e added to t1e
calc&lation distinctl6 f'o2 t1e
st'en+t1 st'&ct&'e and 4a6 4ei+1t and a'e dete'2ined 3ased on t1e 'eal si)es ado(ted in
t1e desi+n and on t1e
tec1nical 4ei+1ts of t1e 2ate'ials t1e6 a'e 2ade of*
0*1*7 =1en dete'2inin+ t1e loads +i.en 36 (i(es5 t1e 4ei+1t of t1e fl&ids '&nnin+
t1'o&+1 t1e2 is ta;en into
acco&nt5 as 4ell as 36 t1e loads occ&''in+ d&e to t1ei' ex(loitation tec1nolo+ical ('ocess5
incl&din+ t1e ones fo'
testin+ (&'(oses*
J
0*7 Ann&al t1e'2al .a'iations
Ann&al t1e'2al .a'iation 2eans t1e diffe'ence 3et4een t1e const'&ction co2(letion
te2(e'at&'e and t1e
a.e'a+e s&22e' te2(e'at&'e5 dete'2ined 3ased on t1e isot1e'2 of t1e 2ont1 of K&l65
'es(ecti.el65 t1e a.e'a+e 4inte'
te2(e'at&'e5 dete'2ined 3ased on t1e isot1e'2 of t1e 2ont1 of Kan&a'6*
T1e isot1e'2s of K&l6 and Kan&a'6 a'e esta3lis1ed fo' t1e 'e+ion 41e'e t1e const'&ction is
sit&ated5 3ased on
t1e cli2atolo+icall6 2a(* =1en acc&'ate data is 2issin+5 t1e follo4in+ a.e'a+e .al&es of
isot1e'2s can 3e ad2itted,
- K&l6 isot1e'2, A 15 FC
- Kan&a'6 isot1e'2, - 5 FC
T1e const'&ction co2(letion te2(e'at&'e is conside'ed to 3e t1e one s1o4n cla&se 4*8*7*
#o' st'ain calc&lation5 t1e .al&es of t1e isot1e'2s a3o.e a'e conside'ed to 3e t1e 2axi2al
te2(e'at&'es of
const'&ction 2ate'ials*
0*0 Conc'ete defo'2ations in ti2e
0*0*1 T1e load of conc'ete defo'2ations in ti2e is ta;en into acco&nt fo' calc&latin+
3'id+es staticall6
&ndete'2ined5 of (lain and 'einfo'ced conc'ete5 41en calc&latin+ 2etallic (lan;s
coo(e'atin+ 4it1 'einfo'ced
conc'ete 3'id+e co.e'in+s5 and 41en calc&latin+ all ('est'essed conc'ete 3'id+es*
0*0*7 T1e conc'ete defo'2ations in ti2e t1e load of 41ic1 s1all 3e ta;en into acco&nt fo'
calc&lation a'e slo4 flo4
and cont'action*
0*0*0 T1e .al&e and t1e effects of t1e loads of conc'ete defo'2ation in ti2e &(on t1e
st'ains in st'&ct&'es of
'einfo'ced conc'ete5 (lain conc'ete5 ('est'essed conc'ete5 and &(on 2etallic ones
coo(e'atin+ 4it1 'einfo'ced conc'ete
co.e'in+5 a'e dete'2ined acco'din+ to STAS 1-111<7-88*
0*0*4 #o' const'&ctions of conc'ete and 'einfo'ced conc'ete t1e effect of cont'action and
of slo4 flo4 can 3e
assi2ilated 36 a si2(lified calc&lation5 4it1 a te2(e'at&'e dec'ease *t conside'ed to 3e,
- *t E 7-F C5 fo' (lain conc'ete 3olts o' 'einfo'ced conc'ete st'&ct&'es 4it1 an a.e'a+e
'einfo'ce2ent
(e'centa+e of -*5 L"
- *t E 15F C5 fo' 'einfo'ced conc'ete 3olts and a'c1es 4it1 a 2ini2&2 'einfo'ce2ent
(e'centa+e
sti(&lated in STAS 1-111<7-88 and fo' 'einfo'ced conc'ete st'&ct&'es 4it1 an a.e'a+e
'einfo'ce2ent (e'centa+e of 1*5 L*
0*0*5 =1en s(ecial 2eas&'es a'e ta;en fo' 'ed&cin+ t1e cont'action 36 cons&2in+ an
i2(o'tant (a't of it5 &ntil
const'&ction co2(letion5 t1e *t .al&e can 3e 'ed&ced 36 5 to 1-F C5 de(endin+ on t1e si)e
of t1e ti2e inte'.al f'o2
conc'ete (lacin+ to const'&ction co2(letion*
0*4 #o&ndation settlin+ and 2o.e2ent
0*4*1 T1e si)es of fo&ndation settlin+s and 2o.e2ents a'e esta3lis1ed acco'din+ to STAS
00--<7-855 ta;in+ into
acco&nt t1e (16sical-2ec1anic c1a'acte'istics of ea't1s*
0*4*7 =1en dete'2inin+ st'ains ca&sed 36 t1e settlin+ and 2o.e2ent of 3'id+es 2ade of
conc'ete5 'einfo'ced
conc'ete5 and ('est'essed conc'ete5 it is 'eco22ended to ta;e into acco&nt t1e slo4 flo4
effect of conc'ete5
0*5 A.e'a+e-le.el 16d'ostatic ('ess&'e and &nde'('ess&'e
0*5*1 T1e a.e'a+e-le.el 16d'ostatic &nde'('ess&'e of 4ate's is ta;en into acco&nt fo',
- calc&latin+ t1e slide and o.e't&'n sta3ilit6 of ele2ents 4it1 fo&ndation de(t1s of less
t1an 5 2 9de(t1 at 41ic1
t1e land inse'tion of t1e ele2ent is not ta;en into acco&nt:"
- dete'2inin+ t1e effecti.e field ('ess&'es"
- esta3lis1in+ t1e 3ea'in+ ca(acit6 of land 9acco'din+ to STAS 00--<1-85:*
0*5*1*1 =1en calc&latin+ t1e sta3ilit6 and dete'2inin+ t1e effecti.e field ('ess&'es5 it is
conside'ed t1at t1e
16d'ostatic ('ess&'e acts 36 'ed&cin+ t1e o4n 4ei+1t of const'&ction ele2ents and of
.ol&2et'ic 4ei+1t of ea't1 on
t1ei' ste(s*
0*5*1*7 =1en esta3lis1in+ t1e 3ea'in+ ca(acit6 of t1e land and t1e con.entional
calc&lation ('ess&'es5 t1e 16d'ostatic
&nde'('ess&'e acts 36 'ed&cin+ t1e .ol&2et'ic 4ei+1t of t1e ea't1*
T1e .ol&2et'ic 4ei+1t of t1e ea't1 3elo4 4ate' *5 ta;in+ into acco&nt t1e 16d'ostatic
&nde'('ess&'e5 is
dete'2ined 36 s&3t'actin+ 1- ;N<20 of t1e .ol&2et'ic 4ei+1t of t1e sat&'ated ea't1*
4 TM%ORARH SMORT-TRM $OADS
4*1 T'ain c1a'+es
4*1*1 St'eet and 'oad 3'id+es a'e calc&lated acco'din+ to STAS 0771-86 fo' c1a'+es
('od&ced 36 2oto' t'&c;s t6(e
t'ains of5 s(ecial .e1icles on 41eels o' 'olle' 3elts5 and st'eetca's5 acco'din+ to t1e c1a'+e
class of t1e 3'id+e*
4*1*7 In s(ecial cases5 41en calc&latin+ t1e 3'id+es located on 'o&ts fo' 1ea.6 and
o.e'4ei+1t 2ac1ine'65 o' t1e
3'id+es located in ind&st'ial ('e2ises5 ot1e' .e1icle t'ains o' non-standa'd isolated
.e1icles a'e ta;en into acco&nt
t1an t1ose sti(&lated in STAS 0771-865 ('o.ided t1e6 3e (ointed o&t 36 t1e 3'id+e
ad2inist'ation a&t1o'it6 and &nde'
t1e a(('o.al of entitled a&t1o'ities*
4*1*0 sta3lis1in+ st'ains in t1e 3'id+e st'&ct&'es is ca''ied o&t 36 &sin+ concent'ated
c1a'+es5 c1a'+es dist'i3&ted
on 'ed&ced s&'faces +i.en 36 t'ains sti(&lated in STAS 0771- 865 e.enl6-dist'i3&ted
c1a'+es 9e>&i.alents: ('o.ided
fo' in Annex A5 ta3les 5 to 1-*
4*1*4 #o' co23ined 3'id+es5 'oad and 'ail4a65 t1e ele2ents s&3Iected onl6 to t1e
infl&ence of 'oad c1a'+es a'e
calc&lated acco'din+ to t1e ('o.isions of t1is standa'd5 as 4ell as to t1ose of STAS 0771-
865 41ile t1e ele2ents
s&3Iected onl6 to t1e infl&ence of 'ail4a6 c1a'+es a'e calc&lated acco'din+ to STAS
1489-885 and 077--89*
T1e ele2ents s&3Iected to 3ot1 c1a'+e cate+o'ies a'e calc&lated fo' t1e si2&ltaneo&s
action of 3ot1 t'ains5 as
t1e st'ains ('od&ced 36 one of t1e2 a'e 'ed&ced 36 75 L* T1e 75 L 'ed&ction is a((lied
to t1e t'ain ('od&cin+ t1e
lo4est st'ain*
4*1*5 T1e c1a'+es of 2oto' t'&c; t'ains5 'ail4a6 t'ains5 and of st'eetca's5 a'e conside'ed to
3e d6na2icall6 a((lied*
T1e c1a'+es of s(ecial .e1icle t'ains5 on 41eels o' 'olle' 3elts5 a'e conside'ed to 3e
staticall6 a((lied*
In o'de' to ta;e into acco&nt t1e d6na2ic load of c1a'+es t'ans2itted 36 .e1icle t'ains5
t1e6 a'e 2&lti(lied 36
a d6na2ic coefficient *5 t1e .al&e of 41ic1 is esta3lis1ed de(endin+ on t1e t'ain t6(e5 on
t1e static s6ste2 ado(ted5
on t1e 2ate'ial t1e ele2ents to 3e calc&lated a'e 2ade of5 and on its calc&lation o(enin+*
4*1*5*1 T1e d6na2ic coefficient * 36 41ic1 t1e c1a'+es t'ans2itted 36 2oto' t'&c;s a'e
2&lti(lied
4*1*5*1*1 #o' 2etallic s&(e'st'&ct&'es and t1ei' isolated ele2ents 9stin+e's5 c'oss-3a's5
etc*:5 t1e d6na2ic coefficient is
conside'ed de(endin+ on t1e con.entional calc&lation o(enin+ $ 9defined in cla&se
4*1*5*1*4*:5 as s1o4n in ta3le 1*
Ta3le 1
4*1*5*1*7 #o' 2etallic inf'ast'&ct&'es5 t1e d6na2ic coefficient is conside'ed identicall6 to
t1at of t1e 2ini2al adIacent
o(enin+*
4*1*5*1*0 #o' s&(e'st'&ct&'es of 2assi.e 3'id+es5 t1e d6na2ic coefficient is conside'ed
de(endin+ on t1e const'&ction
s6ste2 and on t1e con.entional calc&lation o(enin+ $5 as of ta3le 7*
Ta3le 7
In case 5 N $ N 45 25 'es(ecti.el6 7- N $ N 8- 25 t1e .al&e of t1e d6na2ic coefficient is
dete'2ined 36 linea'
inte'(olation 3et4een t1e li2it .al&es conce'ned5 sti(&lated in ta3le 7*
4*1*5*1*4 In ta3le 1 and 75 $ 'e('esents t1e con.entional calc&lation o(enin+ of t1e
ele2ent5 defined as follo4s,
- fo' +i'de' calc&lation5 $ is t1e distance 3et4een t1e axes of t1e c'oss3a's"
- fo' c'oss3a' calc&lation5 $ is t1e distance 3et4een t1e axes of t1e 2ain 3ea2s"
- fo' t1e calc&lation of sla3s and (lainl6-('o((ed 3ea2s5 as 4ell as t1at of f'a2es5 a'c1es5
and one-o(enin+
.a&lts5 $ is t1e calc&lation o(enin+ 'es(ecti.e"
- fo' t1e calc&lation of sla3s5 3ea2s5 f'a2es5 a'c1es5 and contin&o&s .a&lts5 fo' t1e
calc&lation of 3endin+
2o2ents in field5 $ is t1e calc&lation o(enin+ of t1e 'es(ecti.e field5 41ile fo' t1e
calc&lation of 3endin+
2o2ents and of 'eactions on t1e 3ea'in+s5 $ is t1e a'it12etic 2ean of t1e adIacent
o(enin+s"
- fo' t1e calc&lation of 3ea2s 4it1 consoles and Ioints 9Ge'3e':5 fo' console 3ea2s5 $ is
t1e distance 3et4een
t1e 3ea'in+s of t1ose 3ea2s5 41ile fo' inde(endent 3ea2s5 $ is t1e distance 3et4een t1e
3ea'in+s (oints on t1e
consoles"
- fo' t1e calc&lation of t1e console ele2ents5 $ is t1e len+t1 of t1e console exce(t fo'
c'oss3a' consoles5 41e'e
* is ad2itted e>&all6 to t1e d6na2ic coefficient of t1e 'es(ecti.e c'oss-3a'"
- fo' f'a2e +i'de'5 all t1e ele2ents of t1e +i'de' a'e calc&lated 4it1 t1e d6na2ic
coefficient co''es(ondin+ to t1e
3ea2 s6ste2 and o(enin+5 exce(t fo' 4e3 2e23e's5 to 41ic1 t1e d6na2ic coefficient of
t1e 'es(ecti.e c'oss-
3a' is a((lied"
- fo' st'&ct&'es 2ade &( of 2ain 3ea2s5 st'in+e's5 and c'oss-3a's5 if t1e contin&it6 and
coo(e'ation of all
ele2ents is ta;en into acco&nt5 t1e calc&lation of st'in+e's and c'oss-3a's is cond&cted 36
ad2ittin+ fo' t1e2 as
4ell t1e d6na2ic coefficient of 2ain 3ea2s5 fo' st'ains o'i+inatin+ in coo(e'ation"
- fo' t1e calc&lation of one-di'ection a'2o'ed (lates5 $ is t1e calc&lation o(enin+ of t1e
(late" fo' t1e calc&lation
of t4o-di'ection a'2o'ed (lates5 $ is t1e s2allest o(enin+"
- fo' t1e calc&lation of t1e ele.ations of inf'ast'&ct&'es 2ade &( of f'a2e st'&ct&'es5 t1e
d6na2ic coefficient is
conside'ed t1e one co''es(ondin+ to t1e calc&lation of s&(e'st'&ct&'e 'eactions*
4*1*5*1*5 #o' 4ooden 3'id+es5 i''es(ecti.e of t1e calc&lation o(enin+ of t1e ele2ents5 t1e
d6na2ic coefficient is
conside'ed as follo4s,
- fo' di'ectl6-loaded 4a6 ele2ents * E 1*0"
- fo' indi'ectl6-loaded 4a6 ele2ents * E 1*7"
- fo' t'a.e'se and 2ain 3ea2s di'ectl6 3ea'in+ t1e 'esistance 3'id+e floo' * E 1*1"
- fo' 2ain 3ea2s 3ea'in+ t1e 3'id+e floo' t1'o&+1 t'a.e'se 3ea2s * * E 1*-"
- fo' 'esistance 3'id+e floo' of 4ooden 3'id+es 4it1 as(1alt floo'in+ * E 1*1"
- fo' t1e 'e2ainin+ ele2ents of t1ese 3'id+es * E 1*-*
4*1*5*1*6 #o' t1e calc&lation of 3ea'in+ de.ices5 1an+in+ ties5 Ioints5 3ea'in+ 3oxes5 and
('ess&'e 3eneat1 t1e 3ea'in+
3oxes5 t1e d6na2ic coefficient is t1e sa2e as t1at ad2itted fo' calc&latin+ t1e 1ea.ed o'
s&s(ended st'&ct&'e fo'
2ini2al adIacent o(enin+*
Caseta text, !'id+e const'&ction s6ste2Caseta text, Sla3-co.e'ed 3'id+es5 on 3ea2s
o' in f'a2es
Caseta text, A'c1 3'id+es Caseta text, /a&lted 3'id+es
4*1*5*1*8 T1e d6na2ic load is not ta;en into acco&nt in t1e follo4in+ cases,
- fo' t1e calc&lation of san; c&l.e'ts and 2assi.e 3'id+es 4it1 an ea't1 filin+ on to( of at
least -*5- 2"
- fo' t1e calc&lation of (iles and a3&t2ents 2ade of 2ason'6 o' conc'ete"
- fo' t1e calc&lation of fo&ndation s6ste2s and effecti.e field ('ess&'es"
- fo' t1e calc&lation of dis(lace2ent of soil ca&sed 36 c1a'+e of .e1icle t'ains*
4*1*5*7 T1e d6na2ic coefficient 36 41ic1 t1e c1a'+es t'ans2itted 36 'ail4a6 t'ains a'e
2&lti(lied is conside'ed
acco'din+ to STAS 1489-88*
4*1*5*0 T1e d6na2ic coefficient 36 41ic1 t1e c1a'+es t'ans2itted 36 st'eetca' t'ains a'e
2&lti(lied is t1e sa2e as t1at
co''es(ondin+ to t1e 'ail4a6 t'ain ci'c&lated on 4elded Ioint-t'ac;s5 as its .al&e is
esta3lis1ed acco'din+ to t1e
('o.isions of STAS 1489-885 de(endin+ on t1e ci'c&lation s(eed and on t1e calc&lation
o(enin+ of t1e ele2ent*
4*7 Cent'if&+al fo'ce 9fo' c&'.ed 3'id+es:
4*7*1 #o' 3'id+es located in c&'.e 4it1 a 'adi&s s2alle' o' e>&al to 75- 25 t1e load of t1e
cent'if&+al fo'ce exe'ted
36 2oto' .e1icles and st'eetca's is ta;en into acco&nt*
T1e .al&e of t1e cent'if&+al fo'ce ('od&ced 36 2oto' .e1icles is affected 36 t1e 'ed&ction
coefficients
sti(&lated in STAS 0771-86 (oint 7*7*9* de(endin+ on t1e n&23e' of a''a6s*
#o' co23ined 3'id+es 9'oad and 'ail4a6:5 t1e si)e of t1e cent'if&+al fo'ce t'ans2itted 36
'ail4a6 and 'oad
t'ains is c&2&lated5 as t1e di2ension of t1e fo'ce t'ans2itted 36 'ail4a6 t'ains is
dete'2ined acco'din+ to
STAS 1489-88 ('o.isions*
T1e .al&e of t1e cent'if&+al fo'ce t'ans2itted 36 st'eetca' t'ains is dete'2ined si2ila'l6
to t1at of t1e 'ail4a6
t'ains*
S&22in+ t1e effects of cent'if&+al fo'ce on co23ined 3'id+es is cond&cted acco'din+ to
STAS 0771-86
cla&se 7*5*5 o3se'.in+ t1e sa2e ('o.ision as fo' .e'tical c1a'+es*
4*7*7 T1e .al&e of t1e cent'if&+al fo'ce ('od&ced 36 t1e t'ains of an a''a6 of 2oto'
.e1icles is dete'2ined 4it1 t1e
'elation,
9;N: 97: 7*E
41e'e,
* t1e t'ain ci'c&lation s(eed5 in ;2<15 co''es(ondin+ to t1e +eo2et'ical c1a'acte'istics of
t1e c&'.e
41e'e t1e 3'id+e is located"
R t1e 'adi&s of t1e c&'.e5 in 2"
% t1e c1a'+e of t1e 2oto' .e1icles t'ain5 in ;N5 2&lti(lied 36 t1e d6na2ic coefficient*
T1e cent'if&+al fo'ce is conside'ed a((lied at t1e 1ei+1t of t1e con.entional 4ei+1t cente'
of t1e .e1icles
1ea.in+ t1e 1o'i)ontal and (e'(endic&la' di'ection on t1e lon+it&dinal axis of t1e 3'id+e
9t1e 4a6 3ein+ o'iented
to4a'ds t1e exte'io' of t1e c&'.e:*
4*7*0 S(ecial .e1icles on 41eels o' 'olle' 3elts a'e not conside'ed as t'ans2ittin+
cent'if&+al fo'ces*
4*0 C1a'+es ('od&ced 36 (eo(le
4*0*1 T1e 3'id+e side4al;s o&tside localities a'e calc&lated fo' an e.enl6 dist'i3&ted
c1a'+e of 0--- N<27 o' fo'
concent'ated c1a'+es of 15-- N set at 7*-- 2 inte'.als*
4*0*7 T1e c1a'+e of t1e 3'id+es 4it1 s(ecial .e1icles on 41eels o' 'olle' 3elts is not
conside'ed si2&ltaneo&sl6 4it1
t1e c1a'+e of side4al;s 4it1 (eo(le*
4*0*0 #oot3'id+es and side4al;s of 3'id+es 4it1in localities a'e calc&lated fo' an e.enl6-
dist'i3&ted c1a'+e of 5---
N<27 'e('esentin+ (eo(le a++lo2e'ations*
4*0*4 !'id+es 4it1in localities 41e'e (eo(le a++lo2e'ations can occ&' a'e c1ec;ed fo' an
e.enl6-dist'i3&ted
exce(tional c1a'+e of 5--- N<27 co.e'in+ t1e ca''ia+e4a6 and t1e side4al;s*
4*0*5 #o' c1a'+es ('od&ced 36 (eo(le t1e d6na2ic effect is not a((lied*
4*0*6 Side4al; side3a's and consoles fo' 3'id+es o&tside localities a'e calc&lated fo' a
1o'i)ontal dis(lace2ent of
5-- N<2 a((lied at t1e &((e' le.el of t1e c&''ent side3a' 1and*
T1e c&''ent side3a' 1and is also c1ec;ed at a concent'ated .e'tical c1a'+e of 8-- N*
4*0*8 Side4al; side3a's and consoles of foot3'id+es and 3'id+es 4it1in localities a'e
c1ec;ed fo' a 1o'i)ontal
dis(lace2ent of 15-- N<2*
T1e c&''ent side3a' 1and c1ec;ed at a concent'ated .e'tical c1a'+e of 17-- N*
4*4 Ine'tia fo'ces 9fo' 2o3ile 3'id+es:
T1e ine'tia fo'ces ('od&ced 41en 2o3ile 3'id+es 2o.e 1o'i)ontall6 o' .e'ticall6 o' 41en
t1e6 'otate a'e
conside'ed 36 ta;in+ into acco&nt t1e 2ass of t1e ele2ents 41ic1 2o.e o' 'otate and t1e
2axi2&2 linea' o' an+&la'
2otion s(eed*
4*5 Dis(lace2ent of soil in t6(e t'ains
T1e dis(lace2ent of soil +i.en 36 t1e calc&lation t'ain is dete'2ined 36 'e(lacin+ t1e
t'ain 36 a la6e' of ea't1
t1e t1ic;ness of 41ic1 is esta3lis1ed acco'din+ to t1e c1a'+e class of t1e 3'id+e5
acco'din+ to STAS 0771-86*
4*6 /e1icle 3'a;in+
4*6*1 T1e c1a'+e ('od&ced 36 t1e 3'a;in+ of .e1icles is a fo'ce actin+ in t1e (lan of t1e
4a6 (a'allel to t1e
lon+it&dinal axis of t1e 3'id+e*
4*6*7 T1e .al&e of t1e 3'a;in+ fo'ce is esta3lis1ed con.entionall65 de(endin+ on t1e
c1a'+ed len+t1 $ of t1e line of
infl&ence of t1e 'eaction of t1e 3ea'in+ conside'ed as follo4s,
- fo' $ E 75 2, # E -*0 %*!
- fo' 75 N $ E 5- 2, # E -*6 %*!
- fo' $ O 5- 2, # E -*9 %*!5
41e'e,
% * t1e 4ei+1t of t1e 2oto' t'&c; in t1e calc&lation t'ain5 acco'din+ to STAS 0771-86
! * n<7 9a(('oxi2ated &( to 41ole &nits:5 41e'e n is t1e 2axi2&2 n&23e' of t'affic
lanes fo' t1e 3'id+e*
T1e 3'a;in+ c1a'+e is not ta;en into acco&nt fo' s(ecial .e1icles on 41eels o' 'olle' 3elts*
4*6*0 If st'eetca's also ci'c&late on t1e 3'id+e5 as 4ell as fo' co23ined 3'id+es 9'oad and
'ail4a6:5 t1e 3'a;in+ fo'ce
is esta3lis1ed se(a'atel6 fo' t1e 'oad (a't de(endin+ on t1e 'es(ecti.e n&23e' of t'affic
lanes5 acco'din+ to cla&ses
4*1*4 and 4*6*7 and fo' t1e 'ail4a6 o' st'eetca' (a't acco'din+ to STAS 1489-88*
4*6*4 T1e 3'a;in+ fo'ce is calc&lated 4it1o&t d6na2ic coefficient*
4*6*5 T1e 3'a;in+ fo'ce is conside'ed to 3e o'i+inatin+ in all t1e a''a6s of .e1icles
'&nnin+ in t1e sa2e di'ection*
4*6*6 #o' t1e calc&lation of fixed 2etallic 3ea'in+s and t1e 'es(ecti.e inf'ast'&ct&'es5 it is
ad2itted t1at t1e c1a'+e
co''es(ondin+ to a fixed 1ea'in+ de.ice is dete'2ined 36 ext'actin+ of t1e 41ole 3'a;in+
fo'ce 1alf of t1e c1a'+e
('od&ced 36 t1e f'iction of t1e 2etallic 2o3ile ('o((in+ de.ices and di.idin+ t1e 'es&lt
to t1e total of t1e 2etallic
fixed 3ea'in+ de.ices*
Pnde' no ci'c&2stances can5 t1e 1o'i)ontal c1a'+e t1&s dete'2ined5 co''es(ondin+ to a
2etallic fixed 3ea'in+
de.ice5 3e infe'io' to t1at 41ic1 4o&ld 'es&lt if all 3ea'in+s 4e'e conside'ed fixed*
4*6*8 #o' t1e calc&lation of t1e 2etallic 2o3ile 3ea'in+s and t1e 'es(ecti.e
inf'ast'&ct&'es5 it is conside'ed t1at t1e6
ta;e o.e' 5- L of t1e 41ole 3'a;in+ fo'ce 41en 2etallic 2o3ile 3ea'in+s 1a.e slidin+
f'iction5 and 75 L of t1e 41ole
3'a;in+ fo'ce5 if t1e 2etallic 2o3ile 3ea'in+s 1a.e 'ollin+ f'iction*
Pnde' no ci'c&2stances can5 t1e 2etallic 2o3ile 3ea'in+s de.ices5 ta;e o.e' f'o2 t1e
f'iction 2o'e t1an t1e
f'iction fo'ce calc&lated acco'din+ to cla&se 4*9*7*
4*6*8 T1e (iles t1at t1e 2etallic fixed and 2o3ile 3ea'in+ de.ices a'e set &(on a'e
conside'ed to 3e c1a'+ed 4it1 t1e
s&2 of t1e fo'ces t'ans2itted 36 eac1 3ea'in+ de.ice5 calc&lated acco'din+ to t1e
('o.isions of cla&ses 4*6*65 and
4*6*85 3&t no 2o'e t1an it 4o&ld 'es&lt if all 3ea'in+ 4e'e fixed*
4*6*9 #o' t1e calc&lation of t1e a3&t2ent it is allo4ed to ne+lect t1e 3'a;in+ fo'ce of
.e1icles set on t1e 3ac; fills*
4*6*1- #o' t1e calc&lation of 3'id+es 4it1 si2(le-3ea'ed s&(e'st'&ct&'es o' contin&o&s
ones fitted 4it1 neo('ene
3ea'in+s5 t1e st'ains ('od&ced 36 3'a;in+ inf'ast'&ct&'es is dete'2ined 36 conside'in+ t1e
'i+idit6 of t1e neo('ene
3ea'in+s and t1e 'i+idit6 of t1e (iles*
4*6*11 #o' t1e calc&lation of t1e inf'ast'&ct&'e of 3'id+es 4it1 st'ai+1t 3ea2s5 t1e
3'ea;in+ fo'ce is conside'ed to 3e
a((lied at 1alf of t1e 3ea'in+ de.ice 1ei+1t* #o' t1e calc&lation of f'a2e 3'id+es5 t1e
3'a;in+ fo'ce is conside'ed
a((lied alon+ t1e axis of t1e '&le'*
#o' t1e calc&lation of dec; 3'id+es 4it1 a'c1es o' .a&lts5 t1e 3'a;in+ fo'ce is conside'ed
a((lied alon+ t1e axis
of t1e ;e6-st'&ct&'e*
4*6*17 #o' t1e calc&lation of s&(e'st'&ct&'e ele2ents t'ans2ittin+ t1e 3'a;in+ fo'ce to t1e
fixed 3ea'in+s5 t1e f'iction
of t1e 2o3ile 3ea'in+s is not ta;en into acco&nt*
4*8 Dail6 t1e'2al .a'iations
4*8*1 Dail6 te2(e'at&'e .a'iation 2eans t1e diffe'ence 3et4een t1e isot1e'2 of K&l6 and
t1e 2axi2&2 s&22e'
te2(e'at&'e5 'es(ecti.el6 t1e diffe'ence 3et4een t1e isot1e'2 of Kan&a'6 and t1e
2ini2&2 4inte' te2(e'at&'e*
T1e diffe'ences 3et4een t1e 2axi2&2 s&22e' te2(e'at&'e and t1e isot1e'2 of K&l65
'es(ecti.el6 3et4een
t1e 2ini2&2 4inte' te2(e'at&'e and t1e isot1e'2 of Kan&a'65 a'e esta3lis1ed fo' t1e
'e+ion 41e'e t1e const'&ction is
located5 3ased on t1e cli2atolo+ical 2a(s*
=1en esta3lis1in+ t1e te2(e'at&'e .a'iations of t1e 3&ildin+ 2ate'ial5 t1e follo4in+
feat&'es s1all 3e ta;en
into acco&nt, t1e t1e'2al ine'tia of t1at 2ate'ial5 t1e si)e of t1e const'&ction ele2ent5 and
t1e si)e of t1e s&'faces
ex(osed to t1e infl&ence of ai' te2(e'at&'e*
=1en ce'tain calc&lation data is 2issin+5 t1e follo4in+ 2axi2&2 and 2ini2&2
te2(e'at&'e .al&es can 3e
ad2itted,
- fo' 2etallic 3'id+es, A 5- FC and * 0- FC"
- fo' 2assi.e 3'id+es, A 75 FC and * 15 FC*
=1en esta3lis1in+ t1e 2ini2&2 and 2axi2&2 .al&es s1o4n a3o.e5 t1e distinct t1e'2al
ine'tia of 2etal and
of conc'ete o' 2ason'6 4as conside'ed*
4*8*7 If t1e'e a'e no ot1e' indications5 it can 3e ad2itted t1at t1e const'&ction co2(letion
te2(e'at&'e is
A 5F C to A 15F C5 de(endin+ on t1e season and t1e 'e+ion 41e'e t1e const'&ction is
located*
4*8*0 It is allo4ed to ne+lect fo' calc&lation (&'(oses t1e load of t1e te2(e'at&'e
.a'iation fo' san; c&l.e'ts of
an6 ;ind5 4it1 a co.e'in+ la6e' of at least 1*-- 2 t1ic;5 as 4ell as fo' .a&lted ones 4it1
an o(enin+ $ E 15 2 and
t1e
a''o4
4*8*4 #o' 3'id+es 2ade of conc'ete5 'einfo'ced conc'ete and ('est'essed conc'ete5 t1e
ext'e2e te2(e'at&'es
2entioned in cla&se 4*8*1 can 3e 'ed&ced 36 5F C eac1 if t1e 2ini2&2 si)e d of t1e
section of t1e ele2ent calc&lated5
incl&din+ t1e (ossi3le co.e'in+ in ea't1 o' ot1e' ins&latin+ 2ate'ials5 is d E 8- c2*
If t1e 2ini2&2 si)e of t1e section of t1e calc&lated ele2ent is a E 7- c25 t1e sti(&lated
.al&es a'e ad2itted*
#o' 2ini2&2 si)es of t1e section of t1e calc&lated ele2ent5 co2('e1ended 3et4een 7-
c2 and 8- c25 t1e 'ed&ction
of t1e .al&es of ext'e2e te2(e'at&'es is dete'2ined t1'o&+1 linea' inte'(olation5 3et4een
-F 9fo' 7- c2: and 5F
9fo' 8- c2:*
#o' f'a2ed conc'ete ele2ents5 t1e 2ini2&2 si)e is conside'ed e>&al to t1e s&2 of t1e
4all t1ic;nesses if t1e
s&'face of t1e section of t1e 1oles is 5- L 3i++e' t1an s&'face of t1e a'ea deli2ited 36
exte'io' ('ofile of t1e ele2ent*
In t1e o((osite case5 t1e section is conside'ed filled5 ta;in+ t1e 2ini2&2 exte'io' si)e as
t1e 2ini2&2 si)e*
4*8*5 #o' calc&lation t1e follo4in+ linea' dilatation coefficients at can 3e ado(ted,
- fo' 2etallic 3'id+es5 at E 1*7 x 1--5"
- fo' 2etallic 3'id+es coo(e'atin+ 4it1 'einfo'ced conc'ete (lan;in+ and conc'ete 3'id+es5
'einfo'ced conc'ete
and ('est'essed conc'ete at E 1*- x 1--5"
- fo' nat&'al 'oc; 2ason'6 3'id+es at E -*8 x 1--5"
4*8 Te2(e'at&'e diffe'ence 3et4een const'&ction ele2ents
#o' 2etallic 3'id+es 4it1 2etallic (lan;in+ o' coo(e'atin+ 4it1 'einfo'ced conc'ete
(lan;in+5 s1o't-te'2
te2(e'at&'e diffe'ences of G 15 FC 3et4een .a'io&s ele2ents of t1e st'&ct&'e5 a'e ta;en
into conside'ation*
#o' 3'id+es of 'einfo'ced o' ('est'essed conc'ete5 s&c1 diffe'ences a'e li2ited to G 5 FC*
T1e ele2ents conside'ed a'e selected in s&c1 a 2anne' as to ac1ie.e t1e 2ost
&nfa.o'a3le st'ain fo' t1e
calc&lated ele2ent5 ('o.ided t1at t1ei' diffe'ent 1eatin+ is (ossi3le f'o2 t1e 3&ildin+
(oint of .ie4*
No te2(e'at&'e diffe'ences 3et4een const'&ction ele2ents a'e allo4ed in t1e calc&lation
of st'ains ('od&ced
36 t1e ann&al te2(e'at&'e .a'iation*
T1e te2(e'at&'e diffe'ence 3et4een ele2ents of t1e const'&ction is conside'ed
si2&ltaneo&sl6 4it1 t1e dail6
t1e'2al .a'iations*
4*9 #'iction of 2o3ile 3ea'in+ de.ices
4*9*1 T1e f'iction-('od&ced c1a'+e in 2etallic 2o3ile 3ea'in+ de.ices is added into t1e
calc&lation as a 1o'i)ontal
fo'ce (a'allel to t1e lon+it&dinal axis of t1e s&(e'st'&ct&'e5 t1e load line of 41ic1 is
located at 1alf of t1e 3ea'in+
de.ices* 1ei+1t*
4*9*7 T1e 2axi2al .al&e T of t1e f'iction fo'ce is dete'2ined 4it1 t1e 'elation,
T E f* N 90:
41e'e,
f f'iction coefficient5 t1e .al&e of 41ic1 is esta3lis1ed de(endin+ on t1e t6(e of 3ea'in+
de.ice5 as
follo4s,
f E -*7 fo' 3ea'in+s 4it1 slidin+ f'iction
f E -*-0 fo' 3ea'in+s 4it1 'ollin+ f'iction"
N t1e 'eaction t'ans2itted &(on t1e 'es(ecti.e 3ea'in+ de.ice5 t1e 2o2ent t1e f'iction
fo'ce is
('od&ced*
#o' 2o3ile 3ea'in+ de.ices 2ade &( of ot1e' 2ate'ials 9neo('ene etc*:5 t1e f'iction fo'ces
a'e conside'ed
acco'din+ to t1e s(eciali)ed tec1nical 'e+&lations in fo'ce*
4*9*0 T1e f'iction fo'ce T is conside'ed fo' t1e calc&lation of 3ea'in+ de.ices and t1ei'
anc1o'a+es5 fo' t1e
calc&lation of 3ea'in+ 3oxes and fo' t1at of t1e inf'ast'&ct&'e*
4*1- =ind ('ess&'e
4*1-*1 T1e c1a'+e ('od&ced 36 4ind ('ess&'e t'ans.e'sal to t1e 3'id+e is conside'ed to 3e
an e.enl6-dist'i3&ted
fo'ce5 a((lied on t1e 41ole s&'face o' onl6 on ce'tain secto's5 de(endin+ on 41ic1 is
2o'e &nfa.o'a3le to t1e ele2ent
in >&estion*
4*1-*7 It is allo4ed to ne+lect t1e 4ind load on 3'id+es 4it1 o(enin+s infe'io' to 7- 2
and 1ei+1ts infe'io' to 1- 2
a3o.e +'o&nd o' lo4 4ate' le.el*
4*1-*0 T1e 4ind ('ess&'e t'ans.e'sal to t1e 3'id+e is conside'ed to 3e loadin+ 4it1 t1e
follo4in+ intensities on
ex(osed s&'faces 9incl&din+ t1e ae'od6na2ic coefficient:,
- in t1e case of a 3'id+e c1a'+ed 4it1 .e1icles, 15-- N<27"
- in t1e case of a 3'id+e &nc1a'+ed 7--- N<27"
4*1-*4 T1e calc&lation s&'face5 fo' 41ic1 t1e ('o.isions of (oint 4*1-*0* a'e conside'ed
a((lied5 is t1e follo4in+,
- t1e total late'al s&'face in t1e case of 3'id+es 4it1 (lain 4e3 3ea2s5 as 4ell as fo'
inf'ast'&ct&'es 1i+1e' t1an
t1e lo4 4ate' le.el 36 1- 2"
- -*4 A5 fo' 3'id+es 4it1 lattice 3ea2s and t4o 2ain 3ea2s5 41e'e A is t1e total s&'face
dete'2ined 36 t1e
3ea2*s exte'io' ('ofile"
- -*5 A5 fo' 3'id+es 4it1 lattice 3ea2s and t1'ee o' 2o'e 2ain 3ea2s*
T1e late'al 4ind ('ess&'e on (iles 4it1 a 1ei+1t a3o.e t1e lo4 4ate' le.el of less t1an 1-
25 o' +'o&nd le.el5
is ne+lected*
4*1-*5 T1e t'ain is conside'ed to 1a.e a s&'face of 7*- 2 1i+1 fo' 3'id+es5 and 1*8 2 1i+15
fo' foot3'id+es5 2eas&'ed
f'o2 t1e 4a6 le.el5 and a len+t1 dete'2ined acco'din+ to cla&se 4*1-*1*
4*1-*6 T1e 4ind ('ess&'e alon+ t1e 3'id+e is conside'ed as follo4s,
- fo' lattice 3ea2s5 6- L of t1e t'ans.e'sal ('ess&'e"
- fo' t1e inf'ast'&ct&'e5 t1e sa2e intensit6 as t1e t'ans.e'sal ('ess&'e*
T1e lon+it&dinal ('ess&'e of t1e 4ind is not conside'ed si2&ltaneo&sl6 4it1 t1e
t'ans.e'sal one*
#o' (lain 4e3 3ea2s t1e lon+it&dinal ('ess&'e of t1e 4ind is not calc&lated on t1e
s&(e'st'&ct&'e*
4*1-*8 #o' co23inated 3'id+es 4it1 2etallic st'&ct&'e5 t1e st'&ct&'e o((osed to t1e 4ind
is dete'2ined acco'din+ to
STAS 1489-88*
4*11 =ate' ('ess&'e and &nde'('ess&'e f'o2 a.e'a+e le.el to 2axi2&2 o' 2ini2&2
le.el
4*11*1 T1e infl&ence of 4ate' &nde'('ess&'e f'o2 a.e'a+e le.el to 2axi2&2 o' 2ini2&2
le.el is calc&lated
acco'din+ to cla&se 0*5*
4*11*7 T1e (l&s diffe'ence d&e to &nde'('ess&'e to t1e 2axi2&2 le.el5 o' t1e 2in&s
diffe'ence d&e to &nde'('ess&'e
&( to t1e 2ini2al le.el5 a'e conside'ed se(a'atel6 f'o2 t1e a.e'a+e le.el 16d'ostatic
&nde'('ess&'e5 de(endin+ on
41ic1 is 2ost &nfa.o'a3le case fo' t1e calc&lated ele2ent*
4*11*0 #o' inf'ast'&ct&'es o' 3ea'in+ 4alls located in 4ate's 4it1 la'+e de(t1s 9sto'a+e
sto'a+e 3asins5 fo' instance: o'
fo' t1e inf'ast'&ct&'es of 3'id+es ca''ied o&t in sea a'eas5 t1e 4ate' 16d'ostatic load
('od&ced 36 4a.es is also
conside'ed*
4*11*4 #o' 3ea'in+ 4alls located on t1e 3an;s of 'i.e's o' la;es 4it1 la'+e s1o't-te'2
.a'iation of 4ate' le.els5 t1e
diffe'ence of 4ate' ('ess&'es in t1e f'ont and in t1e 'ea' of t1e 3ea'in+ 4all s1all also 3e
ta;en into acco&nt*
4*17 /e1icle c'as1es into c&'.es o' safet6 side3a's
4*17*1 T1e load of .e1icle c'as1es is ta;en into acco&nt as a t'ans.e'sal 1o'i)ontal fo'ce5
a((lied to t1e &((e' le.el of
t1e 3o'de' o' to t1e 2id-1ei+1t le.el of t1e safet6 side3a'*
4*17*7 T1e 'e+&lated .al&e of t1e c1a'+e I)5 ('od&ced 36 t1e c'as1in+ of 2oto' .e1icles
into 3o'de's5 is conside'ed
acco'din+ to ('o.isions in s&3cla&ses 4*17*7*1* to 4*17*7*0*
4*17*7*1 In t1e case of 2oto' .e1icle t'ains,
- fo' t'ain A 0-5 I) E 4--- N<2"
- fo' t'ain A 105 I) E 0--- N<2"
- fo' t'ain A 1-5 I) E 7--- N<2"
T1e c1a'+e I) is conside'ed e.enl6 dist'i3&ted on an6 len+t15 in t1e 2ost &nfa.o'a3le
(osition*
4*17*7*7 In t1e case of s(ecial .e1icles on 41eels o' 'olle' 3elts,
- fo' / 8-5 I) E 5----"
- fo' S 6-5 I) E 4----"
- fo' S 4-5 I) E 0----"
T1e c1a'+e I) is conside'ed a concent'ated fo'ce5 a((lied in t1e 2ost &nfa.o'a3le
(osition*
4*17*7*0 T1e c'as1in+ fo'ces 2entioned in (oint 4*17*7* a'e not inc'eased 36 a((l6in+ t1e
d6na2ic coefficient5 and t1e
calc&lation .al&es a'e e>&al to t1e 'e+&lated ones*
T1e .e1icle c'as1in+ a+ainst 3o'de's o' safet6 side3a's is incl&ded in f&nda2ental
ex(loitation +'o&( I fo'
side3a' and 3o'de'*
4*10 Ice ('ess&'e
4*10*1 T1e ice ('ess&'e is onl6 ta;en into acco&nt 41en calc&latin+ t1e inf'ast'&ct&'e of
3'id+es o.e' t1e Dan&3e o'
o.e' sto'a+e sto'a+e 3asins* T1is load is conside'ed 3ot1 t'ans.e'sall6 and lon+it&dinall6
to t1e 3'id+e*
4*10*7 T1e static load of contin&o&s ice filed Qs de(ends on t1e t1ic;ness and extent of
t1e ice field5 on t1e +'adient
of te2(e'at&'e into its 2ass5 and on t1e 'esistance of c'6stal ice a+ainst c'&s1in+*
4*10*7*1 #o' a 4idt1 of t1e ice field 9D: 3elo4 5- 25 2eas&'ed to t1e o((osite s1o'e5 t1e
.al&e of t1e 1o'i)ontal
dis(lace2ent Qs can 3e calc&lated 4it1 t1e 'elation,
9;N<2: 94:
41e'e,
t- initial te2(e'at&'e5 a.e'a+e fo' t1e ice t1ic;ness5 in de+'ees5 41ic1 can 3e conside'ed
e>&al to -*05
of t1e ai' te2(e'at&'e at t1at date"
* t1e 'elation 3et4een t1e inc'ease of t1e te2(e'at&'e of t1e ice field in t1e ti2e inte'.al
S5 and t1e si)e
of t1at inte'.al in 1o&'s* T1is inc'ease of t1e ice filed te2(e'at&'e can 3e e>&al to -*05 of
t1e
te2(e'at&'e inc'ease in t1e sa2e inte'.al"
1 t1ic;ness of t1e ice field*
4*10*7*7 In t1e case of an ice field 4idt1 9D: e>&al to o' 3e6ond 5- 25 t1e .al&e Qs
calc&lated 4it1 t1e 'elation 94: is
2&lti(lied 36 a coefficient *a*5 as in ta3le 0*
Ta3le 0
D
2
5-***85
85***1--
1--***15-
O 15-
a
-*9
-*8
-*8
-*6
4*10*7*0 T1e inte'.al S 91o&'s: s1all 3e la'+e eno&+1 94 to 6 1o&'s: fo' t1e ai' 1eatin+
'e+iste'ed to 3e a3le to +et
t'ans2itted to t1e 41ole ice 2ass and ('od&ce t1e co''es(ondin+ t1e'2al dilatation*
4*10*7*4 T1e ice t1ic;ness5 in 2ete's5 is conside'ed e>&al to -*8 of t1e la'+est t1ic;ness
e.e' 'eco'ded in t1e sto'a+e
sto'a+e 3asin o' in t1at section of t1e 'i.e' flo4*
4*10*7*5 =1en needed 'eco'ds a'e 2issin+5 fo' a 4idt1 9D: of t1e ice field of 5- to 15- 2
and o.e' 15- 25 t1e .al&es
of t1e co2(act ice la6e' dis(lace2ent can 3e ad2itted5 as in ta3le 4*
Ta3le 4
=idt1 D
2
T1ic;ness of ice field 2,
-*5
-*8
1*--
1*7-
1*5-
Qs ;N<2
5-***15-
o.e' 15-
8-
8-
15-
1--
75-
15-
05-
7--
55-
75-
4*10*7*6 T1e 2axi2&2 t1ic;ness of t1e c'6stal ice la6e' on t1e lo4e' Dan&3e is
a(('oxi2atel6 -*8- 2*
4*10*7*8 Since 8<9 of t1e ice t1ic;ness is fo&nd 3elo4 4ate' le.el5 t1e dis(lace2ents 4ill
3e conside'ed at -*4 1 &nde'
4ate'5 a le.el 41ic1 is esta3lis1ed 4it1in t1e allo4ed 16d'olo+ical li2its5 in t1e 2ost
&nfa.o'a3le (osition*
4*10*7*8 T1e static load of t1e ice fo'ce-flo4 field5 +at1e'ed in f'ont of t1e inf'ast'&ct&'es
T1e %s co2(onent of t1e ice-flo4 field actin+ 1o'i)ontall65 (e'(endic&la'l6 onto t1e
3'id+e inf'ast'&ct&'e5 is
calc&lated 4it1 t1e fo'2&la,
95:
41e'e,
* is t1e s&'face of t1e ice field"
(1 is t1e f'iction fo'ce of t1e 4ate' c&''ent to t1e inte'io' s&'face of t1e ice-flo4 field"
(7 is t1e i2(&lse fo'ce of t1e c&''ent on t1e exte'io' 3o'de' of t1e ice-flo4 field"
(0 is t1e co2(onent of t1e o4n 4ei+1t of t1e ice-flo45 afte' t1e c&''ent slo(e"
(4 is t1e f'iction fo'ce (f t1e 4ind on ice-flo4 s&'face"
a and R a'e t1e an+les 3et4een t1e no'2al on t1e 3'id+e inf'ast'&ct&'e5 and t1e di'ection
of t1e c&''ent5
of t1e 4ind*
T1e 2eas&'es (15 (75 (05 (4 a'e conside'ed e>&al to,
(1 E -*5 .7
(7 E 5- .7
(0 E 97- 1*i*
(4 E -*--7 47 96:
41e'e,
. is t1e s(eed of t1e c&''ent &nde'neat1 t1e ice5 e>&al to -*8 L of t1e 2eas&'ed s(eed of
t1e f'ee
c&''ent5 at t1e ti2e of ice-flo4 acc&2&lation 92<s:*
#o' . E -*1 2<s5 it is ad2itted t1at (1 E (7 E (0 E (4 E -
4 is t1e 4ind s(eed at an incidence an+le 45F E R E 105F and a 1L ins&'ance 92<s:"
1 is t1e t1ic;ness of t1e ice field defined as in cla&se 4*10*7*4*"
D is t1e a.e'a+e len+t1 of t1e ice field5 alon+ t1e 4ate' flo4 92<s:"
i is t1e 4ate' flo4 slo(e*
4*10*0 T1e d6na2ic dis(lace2ent d&e to t1e const'&ction 3ein+ 1it 36 t1e isolated ice-
f'ee flo4
T1e 2axi2al dis(lace2ent (e' 4idt1 &nit of t1e 3'id+e inf'ast'&ct&'e is,
98:
41e'e,
Rc is t1e co2('ession st'en+t1 of t1e ice 94it1o&t conside'in+ t1e local c'&s1in+:5 41ic1
is
45- ;N<27"
1 is t1e t1ic;ness of t1e ice-flo4"
;7 is a coefficient t1at ta;es into acco&nt t1e (a'tial contact of ice 4it1 const'&ction5
e>&al to -*6 fo' t1e
initial sta+e5 'es(ecti.el6 -*8 fo' t1e 2axi2al ice-flo4 le.el*
4*10*4 T1e .e'tical load of .e'tical ele2ents* (&llin+ o&t
T1e .e'tical load #.5 41ic1 is t'ans2itted to t1e isolate (iles and to t1e +'o&(s of (iles 36
t1e ice field5 in case
t1e 4ate' le.el inc'eases5 is dete'2ined 36 t1e fo'2&la,
9;N: 98:
41e'e,
1 is t1e t1ic;ness of t1e ice field5 in 2"
d is t1e dia2ete' of sin+le (iles o' of +'o&(s of (iles5 in 2*
4*10*4*1 Relation 98: is a((lica3le in case t1e'e is a contin&o&s ice field*
4*10*4*7 T1e col&2n and t1e +'o&(s of (iles a'o&nd 41ic1 t1e contin&o&s ice filed is
('od&ced fo' a 'adi&s of at least
7- 1 a'e also conside'ed isolate (iles*
4*10*4*0 If t1e li+1tin+ 3et4een (iles is less t1an 1 25 t1e (&llin+ o&t of load is calc&lated
fo' t1e enti'e +'o&( of (iles*
4*10*5 T1e loads d&e to ice5 dete'2ined acco'din+ to t1ese ('o.isions5 a'e 'eco22ended
to 3e sti(&lated and c1ec;ed
36 2eans of o3se'.ations5 in nat&'e5 extended to a (e'iod of ti2e as lon+ as (ossi3le*
4*14 Sno4 c1a'+e
Sno4 c1a'+e is +ene'all6 not ta;en into acco&nt fo' 3'id+es*
In s(ecial cases5 41en t1e'e is a c1ance t1at sno4 c1a'+e 1a((ens at t1e sa2e ti2e as
t'ain c1a'+e5 as is t1e
case of co.e'ed 3'id+es5 t1e ('o.isions of STAS 1-1-1<71-88 a'e a((lied fo' dete'2inin+
t1e si)e of t1e c1a'+e*
4*15 C1a'+es t1at occ&' 41en installin+ s&(e'st'&ct&'es into consoles o' ot1e' si2ila'
o(e'ations
=1en esta3lis1in+ c1a'+es t1at occ&' fo' t1e installation of s&(e'st'&ct&'es into consoles
o' ot1e' si2ila'
o(e'ations s&c1 as s&(e'st'&ct&'e alte'ations o' st'en+t1enin+ 4o';s etc*5 t1e ('o.isions
of cla&se 4*16*1 and 4*16*7*
s1ell 3e ta;en into acco&nt*
4*16 C1a'+es o'i+inatin+ in ele2ent t'ans(o'tation5 exec&tion5 and installation
4*16*1 T1e c1a'+es t1at act &(on t1e st'&ct&'e and eac1 of its ele2ents d&'in+
t'ans(o'tation5 exec&tion5 and
installation 9o4n 4ei+1t5 scaffold c1a'+e5 e>&i(2ents (eo(le etc*: a'e dete'2ined fo'
eac1 ele2ent and s(ecific
exec&tion sta+e5 36 ta;in+ into acco&nt t1e effecti.e 'es(ecti.e sit&ation and t1e
('o.isions of t1is standa'd5 as 4ell as
of t1ose of STAS 1-1-1<1-88*
4*16*7 T1e o4n 4ei+1t of ele2ents installed 36 c'ane o' ot1e' 1oistin+ 2ac1ine'ies is
2&lti(lied 36 a d6na2ic
coefficient,
* E 1*7 fo' 1ea.6 ele2ents G E 7-- ;N
* E 1*1 fo' 1ea.6 ele2ents G O 7-- ;N*
T1e o4n 4ei+1t of 1oistin+ 2ac1ine'ies &sed fo' installin+ t1e ele2ents is 2&lti(lied 36
t1e sa2e d6na2ic
coefficients*
5 SC%TIONA$ $OADS
5*1 T1e c'as1in+ of s1i(s and 3oats a+ainst t1e (iles of 3'id+es o.e' na.i+a3le 4ate'
flo4s
5*1*1 #o' 3'id+es o.e' na.i+a3le 4ate' flo4s o' (ossi3le to 3eco2e na.i+a3le5 at t1e
calc&lation of (iles5 t1e load of
s1i( and 3oat c'as1in+ is ta;en into acco&nt*
5*1*7 T1e .al&e of t1e fo'ces t'ans2itted 36 t1e c'as1in+ of s1i(s and 3oats is esta3lis1ed
3ased on s(ecial
s(ecifications*
=1en t1ese a'e 2issin+5 t1e follo4in+ 'elations fo' dete'2inin+ t1e c'as1in+ fo'ce Q can
3e &sed,
- alon+ t1e axis of t1e 3'id+e,
Q E 1- 9$. * 7-:5 ;N 99: fo' s1i(s s1o'te' t1an 15- 2"
Q E 1- 97 $. * 18-:5 ;N 91-: fo' s1i(s lon+e' t1an 15- 2"
- t'ans.e'sall6 to t1e axis of t1e 3'id+e,
Q E 1- 97 $. * 4-:5 ;N 911: fo' s1i(s s1o'te' t1an 15- 2"
Q E 1- 94 $. * 04-:5 ;N 917: fo' s1i(s lon+e' t1an 15- 2*
41e'e,
$. is t1e len+t1 of t1e s1i( o' 3oat*
5*7 Seis2ic c1a'+es
Seis2ic c1a'+es fo' t1e calc&lation of 'oad 3'id+es a'e esta3lis1ed acco'din+ to t1e
seis2ic )onation
STAS 111--<1-88 and to s(ecific tec1nical 'e+&lations in fo'ce*
5*0 C1a'+es ('od&ced 36 t1e dest'&ction of fixed installations
T1e c1a'+es ('od&ced 36 t1e dest'&ction of fixed installations a'e t1ose 41ic1 occ&'
41en (i(es 3'ea; and
ce'tain (a'ts of t1e 3'id+e a'e flooded 4it1 t1e li>&id lea;in+ f'o2 t1e (i(es5 o' d&e to t1e
3'ea;in+ of 4i'es of t1e
elect'ical installations5 o' ca3les5 etc*
T1e si)e of t1ese c1a'+es is dete'2ined 3ased on 2eas&'e2ents o' on .al&es
co22&nicated 36 t1e a&t1o'it6
2ana+in+ t1ese installations*
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
ANNS A
QPI/A$NTS #OR TH% TRAINS
A1-5 A105 A0-5 S4-5 S6-5 /8-
A*1 T1e e>&i.alents fo' t'ains of t1e t6(es A 0- and / 8- a'e s1o4n in ta3les 5 and 6
Ta3le 5
T'anslation NOT * all t1e .al&es 4'itten 4it1 a co2a 9e*+*, 875- ***: in t1is ta3le a'e to 3e
'ead 4it1
a dot 9e*+*, 87*-**" 88*-***:
Caseta text, C1a'+e len+t1
$
2
Caseta text, T'ian+&la' infl&ence lines 4it1 t1e .e'tex located on,Caseta text, t1e 2iddle
of t1e o(enin+Caseta text, t1e >&a'te' of t1e o(enin+Caseta text, t1e ed+e of t1e
o(enin+Caseta text, T'ain t6(e,Caseta text, >&i.alents5 ;N<2
Ta3le 6
NOTS
1 - T1e co''ection coefficients *** of t1e infl&ence lines of t1e 2o2ents of contin&o&s
3ea2s 4it1 section constant to t1e
o(enin+s 'elation 3et4een t1e ext'e2e and 2iddle f'o2 1,1 to 1,7 do not exceed t1e
li2its s(ecified in ta3le 6 fo' t1e
co''es(ondin+ sections*
7 * T1e e>&i.alents in ta3le 6 a'e onl6 &sed fo' a(('oxi2ate calc&lations and d'afts*
T'anslation NOT * all t1e .al&es 4'itten 4it1 a co2a 9e*+*, 0-5- ***: in t1is ta3le a'e to 3e
'ead 4it1 a dot
9e*+*, 0-*-***:
Caseta text, C1a'+e len+t1
$
2
Caseta text, S1a(e of t1e infl&ence li2it fo' co''ection coefficient UVW 4it1 t1e
.al&es,Caseta text, S1a(e of t1e infl&ence li2it fo' co''ection coefficient UVW 4it1 t1e
.al&es,
Caseta text, C1a'+e len+t1
$5
2
Caseta text, >&i.alents fo' t'ain t6(e A0-
;N<2
Caseta text, >&i.alents fo' t'ain t6(e / 8-
;N<2
A*7 T1e e>&i.alents fo' t'ain t6(es A 10 and S 6- a'e s1o4n in ta3les 8 and 8
Ta3le 8
T'anslation NOT * all t1e .al&es 4'itten 4it1 a co2a 9e*+*, 6158 ***: in t1is ta3le a'e to 3e
'ead 4it1
a dot 9e*+*, 61*8***:
Caseta text, C1a'+e len+t1
$
2
Caseta text, T'ian+&la' infl&ence lines 4it1 t1e .e'tex located at,Caseta text, 2iddle of
t1e o(enin+
Caseta text, >&a'te' of t1e o(enin+Caseta text, ed+e of t1e o(enin+Caseta text, an6
(ointCaseta text, >&i.alents5 ;N<2Caseta text, T'ain t6(e,
Ta3le 8
NOT * T1e e>&i.alents in ta3le 8 a'e onl6 &sed fo' a(('oxi2ate calc&lations and d'afts*
T'anslation NOT * all t1e .al&es 4'itten 4it1 a co2a 9e*+*, 7054 ***: in t1is ta3le a'e to 3e
'ead 4it1
a dot 9e*+*, 70*4***:
Caseta text, C1a'+e len+t1
$
2
Caseta text, S1a(e of t1e infl&ence line fo' co''ection coefficient UVW 4it1 t1e .al&es,
Caseta text, S1a(e of t1e infl&ence line fo' co''ection coefficient UVW 4it1 t1e .al&es,
Caseta text, C1a'+e len+t1
$
2
Caseta text, >&i.alents fo' t'ain t6(e A 105
;N<2
Caseta text, >&i.alents fo' t'ain t6(e S 6-5
;N<2
A*0 T1e e>&i.alents fo' t'ain t6(es A 1- and S 4- a'e s1o4n in ta3les 9 and 1-
Ta3le 9
Ta3le 1-
NOT * T1e e>&i.alents in ta3le 1- a'e onl6 &sed fo' a(('oxi2ate calc&lations and d'afts*
Caseta text, T'ansalation NOT X all
t1e .al&es in t1ese
ta3les 4'itten
4it1 a co2a
9e*+*, 4855" -585 ***:
a'e to 3e 'ead 4it1 a dot
9e*+*, 48*5" -*85***:
Caseta text, T'ian+&la' infl&ence lines 4it1 t1e .e'tex located at,Caseta text, C1a'+e
len+t1
$
2
Caseta text, >&i.alents5 ;N<2Caseta text, T'ain t6(e,Caseta text, an6 (ointCaseta text,
ed+e of t1e o(enin+Caseta text, >&a'te' of t1e o(enin+Caseta text, 2iddle of
t1e o(enin+
Caseta text, >&i.alents fo' t'ain t6(e A1- ;N<2
Caseta text, S1a(e of t1e infl&ence line fo' co''ection
coefficient UVW 4it1 t1e .al&es,
Caseta text, C1a'+e len+t1
$
2
A*4 In ta3les 65 85 and 1-5 t1e co''ection coefficient . is dete'2ined 4it1 t1e 'elation,
41e'e,
* is t1e s&'face of t1e infl&ence line 4it1 c&'.e-s1a(ed conto&' of len+t1 $"
** is 1alf of t1e .al&e of t1e ('od&ct 3et4een t1e len+t1 $ of t1e infl&ence line and t1e
la'+est o'dinate
of t1e infl&ence line 4it1 c&'.e-s1a(ed ('ofile*
In ta3les 5 to 1- fo' t1e .al&es of t1e inte'2ediate len+t1s of t1e infl&ence lines5 t1e
e>&i.alent c1a'+es a'e
dete'2ined 36 linea' inte'(olation*
In t1e case of c1a'+e len+t1s of 1- 2 and lon+e'5 fo' t1e infl&ence lines 4it1 (a'a3olic
('ofile and of t1e sa2e
t6(e as t1e c&'.e-s1a(ed t'ian+le sti(&lated in ta3les 65 85 and 1-5 t1e e>&i.alent c1a'+es
a'e ad2itted to 3e
dete'2ined 36 t1e 'elations,
- fo' A 0- t'ains, ; E * ;* A 91 * *: 1*8
- fo' A 10 t'ains, ; E * ;* A 91 * *: 1*115
- fo' A 1- t'ains, ; E * ;* A 91 * *: -*86*
41e'e,
* is t1e co''ection coefficient
;* is t1e c1a'+e e>&i.alent fo' t1e t'ian+&la' infl&ence line 4it1 t1e .e'tex co''es(ondin+
to t1e lon+est
o'dinate of t1e c&'.e-s1a(es infl&ence line*
T1e st'ains ('od&ced 36 c1a'+es +i.en 36 .e1icles a'e dete'2ined 36 2&lti(l6in+ t1e
s&'faces of t1e infl&ence
lines 36 t1e e>&i.alent c1a'+es*
T1e c1a'+e of t1e infl&ence lines is cond&cted acco'din+ to STAS 0771-86*
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
De.elo(ed 36 , Minist'6 of T'ans(o'ts and Teleco22&nications
Instit&te fo' Mi+14a65 Na.al and Ai' T'ans(o't Desi+n
%'oIect 'es(onsi3le, n+* C'istea Ionesc&
#inal .e'sion, Ro2anian Standa'ds Instit&te
n+* Ma+da Ionesc&
Colla3o'ato's,
- Minist'6 of Sil.ic&lt&'e cono26 and of t1e Const'&ction
Mate'ials
- Gene'al State Ins(ecto'ate fo' In.est2ents in Const'&ctions
- Cent'al Instit&te fo' Resea'c1 and G&idin+ in Const'&ctions
- Co22ittee fo' t1e %'o3le2s of Cit6 Co&ncils
- Minist'6 of National Defence
- Instit&te fo' Rail4a6 Desi+n
- Instit&te fo' Tec1nolo+ic Resea'c1 and Desi+n in T'ans(o'ts
- Instit&te fo' Resea'c1 and Desi+n in =ood Ind&st'6
- Resea'c1 Instit&te Ti2isoa'a I%ROTIM
-