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This document lists 140 works across philosophy, science, history and literature that are considered great books. It includes seminal works from ancient Greek authors like Homer and Plato to modern works in the 19th-20th centuries from authors such as Darwin, Marx, Freud, Wittgenstein and William James. The great books span thousands of years and cover many disciplines in the humanities and sciences.
This document lists 140 works across philosophy, science, history and literature that are considered great books. It includes seminal works from ancient Greek authors like Homer and Plato to modern works in the 19th-20th centuries from authors such as Darwin, Marx, Freud, Wittgenstein and William James. The great books span thousands of years and cover many disciplines in the humanities and sciences.
This document lists 140 works across philosophy, science, history and literature that are considered great books. It includes seminal works from ancient Greek authors like Homer and Plato to modern works in the 19th-20th centuries from authors such as Darwin, Marx, Freud, Wittgenstein and William James. The great books span thousands of years and cover many disciplines in the humanities and sciences.
2. The Old Testament 3. Aeschylus Tragedies 4. Sophocles Tragedies 5. Herodotus Histories 6. Euripides Tragedies 7. Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War 8. Hippocrates Medical Writings 9. Aristophanes Comedies 10. Plato Dialogues 11. Aristotle Works 12. Epicurus "Letter to Herodotus"; "Letter to Menoecus" 13. Euclid Elements 14. Archimedes Works 15. Apollonius Conics 16. Cicero Works (esp. Orations; On Friendship; On Old Age; Republic; Laws; Tusculan Disputations; Offices) 17. Lucretius On the Nature of Things 18. Virgil Works (esp. Aeneid) 19. Horace Works (esp. Odes and Epodes; The Art of Poetry) 20. Livy History of Rome 21. Ovid Works (esp. Metamorphoses) 22. Quintilian Institutes of Oratory 23. Plutarch Parallel Lives; Moralia 24. Tacitus Histories; Annals; Agricola; Germania; Dialogus de oratoribus (Dialogue on Oratory) 25. Nicomachus of Gerasa Introduction to Arithmetic 26. Epictetus Discourses; Enchiridion 27. Ptolemy Almagest 28. Lucian Works (esp. The Way to Write History; The True History; The Sale of Creeds; Alexander the Oracle Monger; Charon; The Sale of Lives; The Fisherman; Dialogue of the Gods; Dialogues of the Sea-Gods; Dialogues of the Dead) 29. Marcus Aurelius Meditations 30. Galen On the Natural Faculties 31. The New Testament 32. Plotinus The Enneads 33. St. Augustine "On the Teacher"; Confessions; City of God; On Christian Doctrine 34. The Volsungs Saga or Nibelungenlied 35. The Song of Roland 36. The Saga of Burnt Njl 37. Maimonides The Guide for the Perplexed 38. St. Thomas Aquinas Of Being and Essence; Summa Contra Gentiles; Of the Governance of Rulers; Summa Theologica 39. Dante Alighieri The New Life (La Vita Nuova); "On Monarchy"; Divine Comedy 40. Geoffrey Chaucer Troilus and Criseyde; The Canterbury Tales 41. Thomas a Kempis The Imitation of Christ 42. Leonardo da Vinci Notebooks 43. Niccol Machiavelli The Prince; Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy 44. Desiderius Erasmus The Praise of Folly; Colloquies 45. Nicolaus Copernicus On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 46. Thomas More Utopia 47. Martin Luther Table Talk; Three Treatises 48. Franois Rabelais Gargantua and Pantagruel 49. John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion 50. Michel de Montaigne Essays 51. William Gilbert On the Lodestone and Magnetic Bodies 52. Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote 53. Edmund Spenser Prothalamion; The Faerie Queene 54. Francis Bacon Essays; The Advancement of Learning; Novum Organum; New Atlantis 55. William Shakespeare Poetry and Plays 56. Galileo Galilei Starry Messenger; Two New Sciences 57. Johannes Kepler The Epitome of Copernican Astronomy; Harmonices Mundi 58. William Harvey On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals; On the Circulation of the Blood; Generation of Animals 59. Grotius The Law of War and Peace 60. Thomas Hobbes Leviathan; Elements of Philsophy 61. Ren Descartes Rules for the Direction of the Mind; Discourse on the Method; Geometry; Meditations on First Philosophy; Principles of Philosophy; The Passions of the Soul 62. Corneille Tragedies (esp. The Cid, Cinna) 63. John Milton Works (esp. the minor poems; Areopagitica; Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes) 64. Molire Comedies (esp. The Miser; The School for Wives; The Misanthrope; The Doctor in Spite of Himself; Tartuffe; The Tradesman Turned Gentleman; The Imaginary Invalid; The Affected Ladies) 65. Blaise Pascal The Provincial Letters; Penses; Scientific Treatises 66. Boyle The Sceptical Chemist 67. Christiaan Huygens Treatise on Light 68. Benedict de Spinoza Political Treatises; Ethics 69. John Locke A Letter Concerning Toleration; Of Civil Government; An Essay Concerning Human Understanding; Some Thoughts Concerning Education 70. Jean Baptiste Racine Tragedies (esp. Andromache; Phaedra; Athalie (Athaliah)) 71. Isaac Newton Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy; Opticks 72. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Discourse on Metaphysics; New Essays on Human Understanding; Monadology 73. Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe; Moll Flanders 74. Jonathan Swift The Battle of the Books; A Tale of a Tub; A Journal to Stella; Gulliver's Travels; A Modest Proposal 75. William Congreve The Way of the World 76. George Berkeley A New Theory of Vision; A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge 77. Alexander Pope An Essay on Criticism; The Rape of the Lock; An Essay on Man 78. Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu Persian Letters; The Spirit of the Laws 79. Voltaire Letters on the English; Candide; Philosophical Dictionary 80. Henry Fielding Joseph Andrews; Tom Jones 81. Samuel Johnson The Vanity of Human Wishes; Dictionary; Rasselas; Lives of the Poets 82. David Hume A Treatise of Human Nature; Essays Moral and Political; An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding; History of England 83. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Discourse on Inequality; On Political Economy; Emile; The Social Contract; Confessions 84. Laurence Sterne Tristram Shandy; A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy 85. Adam Smith The Theory of Moral Sentiments; The Wealth of Nations 86. William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England 87. Immanuel Kant Critique of Pure Reason; Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals; Critique of Practical Reason; Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics; The Science of Right; Critique of Judgment; Perpetual Peace 88. Edward Gibbon The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; Autobiography 89. James Boswell Journal; The Life of Samuel Johnson 90. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier Trait lmentaire de Chimie (Elements of Chemistry) 91. Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison Federalist Papers (together with the Articles of Confederation; United States Constitution and United States Declaration of Independence) 92. Jeremy Bentham Comment on the Commentaries; Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation; Theory of Fictions 93. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Faust; Poetry and Truth 94. Thomas Robert Malthus An Essay on the Principle of Population 95. John Dalton A New System of Chemical Philosophy 96. Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier Analytical Theory of Heat 97. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel The Phenomenology of Spirit; Science of Logic; Elements of the Philosophy of Right; Lectures on the Philosophy of History 98. William Wordsworth Poems (esp. Lyrical Ballads; Lucy poems; sonnets; The Prelude) 99. Samuel Taylor Coleridge Poems (esp. Kubla Khan; The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ); Biographia Literaria 100. David Ricardo On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation 101. Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice; Emma 102. Carl von Clausewitz On War 103. Stendhal The Red and the Black; The Charterhouse of Parma; On Love 104. Franois Guizot History of Civilization in France 105. Lord Byron Don Juan 106. Arthur Schopenhauer Studies in Pessimism 107. Michael Faraday The Chemical History of a Candle; Experimental Researches in Electricity 108. Nikolai Lobachevsky Geometrical Researches on the Theory of Parallels 109. Charles Lyell Principles of Geology 110. Auguste Comte The Positive Philosophy 111. Honor de Balzac Works (esp. Le Pre Goriot; Le Cousin Pons; Eugnie Grandet; Cousin Bette; Csar Birotteau) 112. Ralph Waldo Emerson Representative Men; Essays; Journal 113. Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter 114. Alexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America 115. John Stuart Mill A System of Logic; Principles of Political Economy; On Liberty; Considerations on Representative Government; Utilitarianism; The Subjection of Women; Autobiography 116. Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species; The Descent of Man; Autobiography 117. William Makepeace Thackeray Works (esp. Vanity Fair; The History of Henry Esmond; The Virginians; Pendennis) 118. Charles Dickens Works (esp. Pickwick Papers; Our Mutual Friend; David Copperfield; Dombey and Son; Oliver Twist; A Tale of Two Cities; Hard Times) 119. Claude Bernard Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine 120. George Boole The Laws of Thought 121. Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience; Walden 122. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Das Kapital (Capital); The Communist Manifesto 123. George Eliot Adam Bede; Middlemarch 124. Herman Melville Typee; Moby-Dick; Billy Budd 125. Fyodor Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment; The Idiot; The Brothers Karamazov 126. Gustave Flaubert Madame Bovary; Three Stories 127. Henry Thomas Buckle A History of Civilization in England 128. Francis Galton Inquiries into Human Faculties and Its Development 129. Bernhard Riemann The Hypotheses of Geometry 130. Henrik Ibsen Plays (esp. Peer Gynt; Brand; Hedda Gabler; Emperor and Galilean; A Doll's House; The Wild Duck; The Master Builder) 131. Leo Tolstoy War and Peace; Anna Karenina; "What Is Art?"; Twenty-Three Tales 132. Richard Dedekind Theory of Numbers 133. Wilhelm Wundt Physiological Psychology; Outline of Psychology 134. Mark Twain The Innocents Abroad; Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court; The Mysterious Stranger 135. Henry Adams History of the United States; Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres; The Education of Henry Adams; Degradation of Democratic Dogma 136. Charles Peirce Chance, Love, and Logic; Collected Papers 137. William Sumner Folkways 138. Oliver Wendell Holmes The Common Law; Collected Legal Papers 139. William James Principles of Psychology; The Varieties of Religious Experience; Pragmatism; A Pluralistic Universe; Essays in Radical Empiricism 140. Henry James The American; The Ambassadors 141. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche Thus Spoke Zarathustra; Beyond Good and Evil; On the Genealogy of Morality; The Will to Power; Twilight of the Idols; The Antichrist 142. Georg Cantor Transfinite Numbers 143. Jules Henri Poincar Science and Hypothesis; Science and Method; The Foundations of Science 144. Sigmund Freud The Interpretation of Dreams; Three Essays to the Theory of Sex; Introduction to Psychoanalysis; Beyond the Pleasure Principle; Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego; The Ego and the Id; Civilization and Its Discontents; New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis 145. George Bernard Shaw Plays and Prefaces 146. Max Planck Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory; Where Is Science Going?; Scientific Autobiography 147. Henri Bergson Time and Free Will; Matter and Memory; Creative Evolution; The Two Sources of Morality and Religion 148. John Dewey How We Think; Democracy and Education; Experience and Nature; The Quest for Certainty; Logic The Theory of Inquiry 149. Alfred North Whitehead A Treatise on Universal Algebra; An Introduction to Mathematics; Science and the Modern World; Process and Reality; The Aims of Education and Other Essays; Adventures of Ideas 150. George Santayana The Life of Reason; Scepticism and Animal Faith; The Realms of Being (which discusses the Realms of Essence, Matter and Truth); Persons and Places 151. Vladimir Lenin Imperialism; The State and Revolution 152. Marcel Proust In Search of Lost Time (formerly translated as Remembrance of Things Past 153. Bertrand Russell Principles of Mathematics; The Problems of Philosophy; Principia Mathematica; The Analysis of Mind; An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth; Human Knowledge, Its Scope and Limits 154. Thomas Mann The Magic Mountain; Joseph and His Brothers 155. Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity; Sidelights on Relativity; The Meaning of Relativity; On the Method of Theoretical Physics; The Evolution of Physics 156. James Joyce "The Dead" in Dubliners; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; Ulysses 157. Jacques Maritain Art and Scholasticism; The Degrees of Knowledge; Freedom and the Modern World; A Preface to Metaphysics; The Rights of Man and Natural Law; True Humanism 158. Franz Kafka The Trial; The Castle 159. Arnold J. Toynbee A Study of History; Civilization on Trial 160. Jean-Paul Sartre Nausea; No Exit; Being and Nothingness 161. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn The First Circle; Cancer Ward