Routing Information

Protocol
Chapter 5

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 Objectives

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 RIP Historical Impact

ƒ An IPv6 form of RIP called RIPng (next generation) is now

available.

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Animation 5.1.1
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RIP Characteristics

ƒ RIP is a distance
vector routing
protocol.
ƒ RIP uses hop count
as its only metric for
path selection.
ƒ Advertised routes
with hop counts
greater than 15 are
unreachable.
ƒ Messages are
broadcast every 30
seconds.

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 RIP Operation
ƒ RIP uses two message types specified in the Command field: Request message
and Response message.
ƒ Each RIP-configured interface sends out a request message on startup, requesting
that all RIP neighbors send their complete routing tables.
ƒ A response message is sent back by RIP-enabled neighbors. When the requesting
router receives the responses, it evaluates each route entry.
ƒ If a route entry is new, the receiving router installs the route in the routing table.
ƒ If the route is already in the table, the existing entry is replaced if the new entry has
a better hop count.
ƒ The startup router then sends a triggered update out all RIP-enabled interfaces
containing its own routing table so that RIP neighbors can be informed of any new
routes.
Animation 5.1.3
ƒ RIP with Classful addresses
ƒ RIPv1 does not send subnet mask information in the update. Therefore, a router
either uses the subnet mask configured on a local interface, or applies the default
subnet mask based on the address class.
ƒ Due to this limitation, RIPv1 networks cannot be discontiguous nor can they
implement VLSM.
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 Administrative distance (AD)
ƒ Administrative
distance (AD) is
the
trustworthiness (or
preference) of the
route source. RIP
has a default
administrative
distance of 120.
ƒ When compared
to other interior
gateway protocols,
RIP is the least-
preferred routing
protocol. IS-IS,
OSPF, IGRP, and
EIGRP all have
lower default AD
values.
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 RIP Configuration
ƒ PT-5.2.1-2 –IP Configuration

ƒ PT-5.2.3-3 RIP
Configuration

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 Interpret Show ip route for RIP
ƒ R 192.168.5.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:23, Serial0/0/0
ƒ The listing of routes with an R code is a quick way to verify that
RIP is actually running on this router. If RIP is not at least partially
configured, you will not see any RIP routes.
ƒ Next, the remote network address and subnet mask are listed
(192.168.5.0/24).
ƒ The AD value (120 for RIP) and the distance to the network (2
hops) is shown in brackets.
ƒ The next-hop IP address of the advertising router is listed (R2 at
192.168.2.2) and how many seconds have passed since the last
update (00:00:23, in this case).
ƒ Finally, the exit interface that this router will use for traffic destined
for the remote network is listed (Serial 0/0/0).

ƒ Animation 5.3.2 –Sh ip protocols

ƒ Animation 5.3.3-Debug ip rip
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ƒ Routers sending updates
out Ethernet interfaces
even though no RIP
device exists on that LAN.
ƒ Sending out unneeded
updates on a LAN
impacts the network in
three ways:
ƒ 1. Bandwidth is wasted
transporting unnecessary
updates. Because RIP
updates are broadcast,
switches will forward the
updates out all ports.
ƒ 2. All devices on the LAN
must process the update
up to the Transport layers,
where the receiving
device will discard the
update.
ƒ 3. Advertising updates on PT 5.3.4 –Passive Interfaces
a broadcast network is a
security risk.

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Scenario-B

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 Boundary Routers and Automatic
Summarization

ƒ RIP is a classful routing protocol that

automatically summarizes classful
networks across major network
boundaries.
ƒ R2 has interfaces in more than one
major classful network.
ƒ This makes R2 a boundary router in
RIP. Serial 0/0/0 and FastEthernet 0/0
interfaces on R2 are both inside the
172.30.0.0 boundary.
ƒ The Serial 0/0/1 interface is inside the
192.168.4.0 boundary.
ƒ Because boundary routers summarize
RIP subnets from one major network
to the other, updates for the
172.30.1.0, 172.30.2.0 and 172.30.3.0
networks will automatically be
summarized into 172.30.0.0 when
sent out R2's Serial 0/0/1 interface.

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ƒ Rules for Processing RIPv1
Updates
ƒ If a routing update and the
interface on which it is received
belong to the same major network,
the subnet mask of the interface is
applied to the network in the
routing update.
ƒ If a routing update and the
interface on which it is received
belong to different major networks,
the classful subnet mask of the
network is applied to the network in
the routing update.
ƒ R2 receives an update from R1
and enters the network in the
routing table. How does R2 know
that this subnet has a /24
(255.255.255.0) subnet mask? It ƒThe IP address for which R2 received the
knows because: "172.30.1.0 in 1 hops" message was on Serial 0/0/0
with an IP address of 172.30.2.2 and a subnet
ƒ R2 received this information on an mask of 255.255.255.0 (/24).
interface that belongs to the same
classful network (172.30.0.0) as ƒR2 uses its own subnet mask on this interface and
that of the incoming 172.30.1.0 applies it to this and all other 172.30.0.0 subnets
update. that it receives on this interface - in this case,
172.30.1.0.
ƒThe 172.30.1.0 /24 subnet was added to the
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ƒ If the route entry is for an update
sent out a different major network,
then the network address in the
route entry is summarized to the
classful or major network address. 5.4.4
This is exactly what R2 does for
192.168.4.0 and 192.168.5.0. It PT 5.4.5-Automatic route
sends these classful networks to
R1. summarization in RIP
ƒ R2 also has routes for the 5.5.1
172.30.1.0/24, 172.30.2.0/24 and
172.30.3.0/24 subnets. In R2's
routing update to R3 on
Serial0/0/1, R2 only sends a
summary of the classful network
address of 172.30.0.0.

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 Propagating the default route in RIP

ƒ To provide Internet connectivity to all other networks in

the RIP routing domain, the default static route needs
to be advertised to all other routers that use the
dynamic routing protocol.
PT 5.5.2-2-Default route

Do Hands on Labs------------------5.6.1-1
PT 5.6.1-2
5.6.2-1
PT 5.6.2-2
5.6.3-1
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PT 5.6.3-2
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