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Atoms,
Molecules
and
Stoichiometry

Contents
1. MPM Specimen Paper
2. STPM 2013 Semester 1
3. STPM 2014 Semester 1
4. Malaysia Matriculation Paper 2013










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Objective questions
Q1 ( MPM Specimen Paper )
\




Answer : D
Explanation
Particle Number of protons Number of
electrons
Number of
neutrons

7 7 9

2-

8 10 10

9 9 10

+
35 34 44















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Question 2 ( MPM Specimen Paper )










Answer : D
Explanation
RAM =
( )( )

= 14.00
RMM of X
2
is 28 .
Isotopes of X have same number of protons but different in number of
neutrons .











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Question 3 ( STPM 2013 Sem 1 )
Tetraethyllead(IV) , (CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb , is added to petroleum as an antiknock agent .
(CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb is prepared from ethane , CH
3
CH
3
, according to the following
reactions :
CH
3
CH
3
+ Cl
2
CH
3
CH
2
Cl + HCl
4CH
3
CH
2
Cl + 4NaPb (CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb + 3Pb + 4NaCl
Which statement about the reactions is not true ?
A. One mole of Cl
2
produces one mole of CH
3
CH
2
Cl .
B. Four moles of Cl
2
produce one mole of (CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb .
C. One mole of HCl is formed for each mole of (CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb produced .
D. Four moles of CH
3
CH
3
is required for each mole of (CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb produced .
Answer : C
Explanation
Overall equation :
4CH
3
CH
3
+ 4Cl
2
+ 4NaPb (CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb + 3Pb + 4NaCl + 4HCl
1 mole of Cl
2
1 mole of CH
3
CH
2
Cl
4 mole of Cl
2
1 mole of (CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb
1 mole of (CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb 4 mole of HCl
4 mole of CH
3
CH
3
1 mole of (CH
3
CH
2
)
4
Pb












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Question 4 ( STPM 2014 Sem 1 )
The proton number of ion Y is 16 , its nucleon number is 33 and it has the same
number of electrons and neutrons . What is the charge of ion Y ?
A. -2
B. -1
C. +1
D. +2
Answer : B
Explanation
Nucleon
number
Number of
protons
Number of
electrons
Number of
neutrons
33 16 17 17

Since Y has one electron more than proton , thus it carries a charge of -1 .



















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Question 5 ( STPM 2014 Sem 1 )
An element X with a relative atomic mass of 28.1 consists of isotopes
28
X ,
29
X and
30
X . If the percentage abundance of
29
X and
30
X are the same , what is the
percentage abundance for
28
X ?
A. 0.32
B. 3.33
C. 93.3
D. 96.7
Answer : C
Explanation
Let the percentage abundance of
29
X and
30
X be a .
Let the percentage abundance of
28
X be ( 100 a a ) .
RAM = 28.1

() () ()

= 28.1
a = 3.33 %
Percentage abundance of
29
X and
30
X = 3.33 %
Percentage abundance of
28X
= (100 3.33 3.33 )%
= 93.34 %
= 93.3 %













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Structured & Essays Question
Question 1 ( MPM Specimen Paper )







(a) (i) Name the subatomic particle Y . [1m]
Answer : neutron
(ii) Draw the paths of the beams of electrons & hydrogen ions in the above
diagram . [2m]
Answering skill : Beam of electrons deflect more than that of H
+
ions .

Answer :















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(iii) If a beam of deuterium ions is passed through the electric field , explain the
difference in deflection angle between the beam of hydrogen ions and that of
deuterium ions .[2m]
Answer :
The deflection angle for deuterium ions is smaller than that of hydrogen ions .
This is because deuterium ion has a larger m/e value than hydrogen ions .
* Alternative answer :
The deflection angle for deuterium ion is half of that for hydrogen ion .
This is because the deuterium ion is twice as heavy as hydrogen ions .
* Extra notes
The heavier the ions ( larger m/e value ) , the smaller the deflection angle for
that ion .
Isotopes for hydrogen
Isotopes Nucleon
number
Number of
protons
Number of
electrons
Number of
neutrons

( protium )
1 1 1 0

( deuterium )
2 1 1 1

( tritium )
3 1 1 2














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(b) P
+
and Q
-
ions are isoelectronic with the

isotope .
(i) State the nucleon number of the

isotope .
Answer : 40
(ii) Identify P
+
& Q
-
ions .
Answer :
~ P
+
ion : K
+
ion / potassium ions
~ Q
-
ion : Cl
-
ion / chloride ions
*Extra Note
Isoelectronic species : species with same number of electrons
For P
+
ions :
Number of
protons
Number of
electrons
19 18
For Q
-
ions :
Number of
protons
Number of
electrons
17 18

















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Question 2 ( STPM 2013 Sem 1 )
Chlorine gas exists as diatomic molecules , Cl
2
. In an experiment , 326.6 g of
chlorine was used to react with excess iron to produce iron (III) chloride , FeCl
3
.
(a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction . [1m]
Answer : 2 Fe (s) + 3 Cl
2
(g) 2 FeCl
3
(s)
(b) Calculate the theoretical yield of FeCl
3
. [2m]
Answer :
Number of moles of Cl
2
=

mol
= 4.60 moles
Number of moles of FeCl
3
produced =

4.60 mol
= 3.067 mol
Mass of FeCl
3
produced = 3.067 [ 55.8 + 3( 35.5) ]
= 497.8 g ( 4 s.f )
*Extra !!! ( What if we dont know how to calculate the number of moles of FeCl
3

produced ?? )















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(c) If the percentage of the actual yield of FeCl
3
obtained in the laboratory is 82.0% ,
calculate the mass of FeCl
3
produced . [2m]
Answer :
Mass of FeCl
3
produced = 497.8 82.0%
= 408.2 g
(d) Explain why there is a difference between the calculated theoretical value yield
of FeCl
3
with that of the actual yield obtained in the laboratory . [2m]
Answer :
Some of the chlorine gas escapes from the reacting vessel .
Some of FeCl
3
will be decomposed and forms FeCl
2
.
2 FeCl
3
(s) 2 FeCl
2
(s) + Cl
2
(g)




















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Question 3 ( Matriculation 2013 )
Silicon exists as three stable atoms with nucleon number of 28 , 29 and 30 . The
proton number of silicon is 14 .
(a) Write the symbol for any one of 3 silicon atoms . Indicating its proton and
nucleon number in the symbol . [1m]
Answer :

(b) If the amount of a sample of silicon with nucleon number of 28 , 29 and 30 are
92.2% , 4.68% and 3.12% , calculate the relative atomic mass of silicon . [2m]
Answer :
RAM =
( )( )( )

= 28.1
(c)Sketch and label the mass spectrum of silicon . [2m]
Answer :
Answer :















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Question 4 ( Matriculation 2013 )
When 80.0g of ethene gas , C
2
H
4
reacts with 110.0 g of hydrochloric acid , HCl ,
chloroethane , C
2
H
5
Cl is produced .
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction . [1m]
Answer : C
2
H
4
(g) + HCl (aq) C
2
H
5
Cl (g)
(b) Determine the limiting reactant in the reaction . [3m]
Answer :
Number of moles of ethene =

( ) ( )
mol
= 2.86 mol
Number of moles of HCl =

mol
= 3.01 mol
Since the number of moles for ethene is less than that for hydrochloric acid ,
thus the limiting reactant is ethene gas .
(c) Calculate the mass of C
2
H
5
Cl

produced . [3m]
Answer :
Number of moles of C
2
H
5
Cl = number of moles of ethene gas
= 2.86 mol
Mass of C
2
H
5
Cl produced = 2.86 [ 2(12.0) + 5(1.0) + 35.5 ]
= 184 g ( 3s.f )











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(d) Calculate the mass of excess reactant remained at the end of the reaction . [3m]
Answer :
Number of HCl used = number of moles of ethene gas
= 2.86 mole
Number of moles of HCl remained = 3.01 - 2.86
= 0.15 mol
Mass of excess HCl remained = 0.15 ( 35.5 + 1.0 )
= 5.48 g ( 3sf )d