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Table Of Content
Cl. Description Page
No. No.
1.0 Scope of the Report 1
2.0 Design Methodology 2
3.0 References 4
4.0 List of drawings 5
5.0 Assumption 6
6.0 Calculations 6.1) Wall W5 7
6.2) Wall W5A 11
6.3) Wall W5B 17
7.0 Substructure Analysis 7.1) Wall W5 23
7.2) Wall W5A 36
7.3) Wall W5B 39
8.0 Design of Footing 8.1) Wall W5 42
8.2) Wall W5A 45
8.3) Wall W5B 48
9.0 Design of Piercap 50
10.0 Summary 54
Appendix - A Dead Load Analysis 57
Appendix - B Live Load Analysis 59
Appendix - C Bore Hole Data 80
Appendix - D Wall Design Appendix D-1 103
Appendix - E Substructure STAAD Analysis of Wall W5B 135
Appendix - F Drawings 155
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Figure 1
0.2
b-a =
1.50
2.50
2.20
0.200
B
0.70 78.7
0.70 1.00 12.28
0.30 0.30
0 A 0.750 0.3
0.750
14.85 14.85 1.49
1.8
Earth pressure diagram Surcharge
56 30 Pressure Dig
45.0 41
Normal case : GROSS PRESSURE DIAGRAM
75 12
49.0 38
W1
W2
W3 W4
W5
W6
W7
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7.1) Earth Pressure co-efficient calcuation
7.1.1) Coulomb Earth pressure Theory :
Coefficient of active earth pressure :
( Refer equation 11-3 / Foundation analysis and design by Joseph E. Bowles )
a = 90 deg = 1.571 rad
f = 30 deg = 0.524 rad
d = 20 deg = 0.349 rad b
b = 0 deg = 0.000 rad
A= Sin
2
( a + f ) = 0.750 d
B= Sin
2
a = 1.000
C= Sin ( a - d ) = 0.940 a
D= Sin ( f + d ) = 0.766
E= Sin ( f - b ) = 0.500
F= Sin ( a + b ) = 1.000
Ka = A Ka = 0.297
B * C * (1+SQRT((D*E)/(C*F)))
2

Coefficient of passive earth pressure :
( Refer equation 11-6 / Foundation analysis and design by Joseph E. Bowles )
a = 90 deg = 1.571 rad
f = 30 deg = 0.524 rad
d = 20 deg = 0.349 rad b
b = 0 deg = 0.000 rad
A= Sin
2
( a - f ) = 0.750 d
B= Sin
2
a = 1.000
C= Sin ( a + d ) = 0.940 a
D= Sin ( f + d ) = 0.766
E= Sin ( f + b ) = 0.500
F= Sin ( a + b ) = 1.000
Kp = A Kp = 6.106
B * C * (1-SQRT(D*E/(C*F)))
2
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7.1.2) Earth pressure co-efficient calculation under EQ condition as per IS 1893:1984
Coefficient of Active earth pressure : Refer IS 1893 - 1984 / Clause 8.1.1
a
h
= 0.072 a
v
= 0.036
f = 30 = 0.524 rads a = 0 = 0 rads
t = 0.00 = 0 rads d = 20 = 0.349 rads
a
h
using IS 1843:1984 Clause 3.4.2
b = 1.2 Table 3 IS 1893: 1984
I = 1.5 Table 4 IS 1893: 1984
a
0
= 0.04
a
h
= 0.04 x 1.2 x 1.5 = 0.072
l1 =
tan
-1
a
h
= 0.069 = 3.976
1 + a
v
l2 =
tan
-1
a
h
= 0.075 4.271
1 - a
v
( 1 + a
v
) = 1.036 ( 1 - a
v
) = 0.964
cos
2
( f - l1 - a ) = 0.807
cos
2
( f - l2 - a ) = 0.812 t
cos l1 = 0.998
cos l2 = 0.997 a
cos
2
a = 1.000 d
cos ( d + a + l1 ) = 0.914
cos ( d + a + l2 ) = 0.912
sin ( f + d ) = 0.766
sin ( f - t - l1 ) = 0.439
sin ( f - t - l2 ) = 0.4341
cos ( a - t ) = 1.000
Ca = 0.918 x 0.387 = 0.356 Ca = 0.861 x 0.389 = 0.334
Ca = 0.356
Coefficient of Passive earth pressure : Refer IS 1893 - 1984 / Clause 8.1.2
a
h
= 0.072 a
v
= 0.036
f = 30 = 0.524 rads a = 0 = 0 rads
t = 0 = 0 rads d = 20 = 0.349 rads
l1 =
tan
-1
a
h
= 0.069 = 3.976
1 + a
v
l2 =
tan
-1
a
h
= 0.075 4.271
1 - a
v
( 1 + a
v
) = 1.036 ( 1 - a
v
) = 0.964
cos
2
( f - l1 + a ) = 0.807
cos
2
( f - l2 + a ) = 0.812 t
cos l1 = 0.998
cos l2 = 0.997 a
cos
2
a = 1.000 d
cos ( d - a + l1 ) = 0.914
cos ( d - a + l2 ) = 0.912
sin ( f + d ) = 0.766
sin ( f + t - l1 ) = 0.439
sin ( f + t - l2 ) = 0.434
cos ( a - t ) = 1.000
Cp = 0.918 x 6.458 = 5.927 Cp = 0.861 x 6.38 = 5.49
Cp = 5.488
For calculation of
For Zone III
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7.1.3) Retaining wall design in normal case : (Ref. Fig -1 )
7.1.3.1) Design parameters :
Grade of concrete = 35 N/mm
2
Height of wall above ground = 1.500 m
Depth of foundation below ground = 1.000 m
Total height of wall H = 2.50 m
Saturated Density of soil g = 20 kN/m
3
Angle of internal friction ' ' = 30 Degree
Coeff. Of friction m = 0.5
Surcharge load SL = 5 kN/m
2
Concrete density = 25 kN/m
3
Angle of friction '' = = 20 deg =0.3491 rad
between wall and earth
Cos 0.940
Sin 0.340
Coefficient of earth pressure Ka = 0.297
Dynamic increament in Ka due to EQ, ' Ka1
0.356 - 0.297 = 0.059
Earth pressure at Base = Ka * g * H
0.297 x 20 x 2.5 = 14.85 kN/m
2
Passive pressure at Base = Kp * g * H
= 6.106 x 20 x 1x2/3 = 0.0 kN/m
2
Surcharge pressure Ka*SL
= 0.297 x 5 = 1.49 kN/m
2
7.1.3.2) Summary of forces :
Load Load in kN L.A @ A Moment
(kN) (kN-m)
W1 2.2 x 0.2 x 25 11.0 0.950 10
W2 ( 0.1 x 2.2 ) / 2 x 25 2.8 0.817 2
W3 0.75 x 0.3 x 25 5.6 1.425 8
W4 0.3 x 0.3 x 25 2.3 0.900 2
W5 0.3 x 0.75 x 25 5.6 0.375 2
W6 0.7 x 0.75 x 20 10.5 0.375 4
W7 2.2 x 0.75 x 20 33.0 1.425 47
Total 71 76
Earth pressure :
Horizontal component of Active
P1 ( 14.85 x 2.5 ) / 2 0.940 17 1.050 18
P2 1.49 x 2.50 x 0.94 4 1.25 4
Total 21 23
Vertical component of Active
V1 ( 14.85 x 2.5 ) / 2 0.340 6 1.300 8
V2 ( 1.49 x 2.5 0.340 1 1.425 2
Total 7 10
Passive
Pp 0.0 x 1.0 x 0.5 0 0.33 0
7.1.3.3) Load summary under Normal Load condition :
Total vertical load 71 + 7.3 = 78 kN
Total Stabilizing moment = 76 + 10 = 86 kN-m
Total horizontal Load = 21 = 21 kN
Total overturning moment 23 = 23 kN-m
Net stabilizing moment = 63 kN-m
7.1.3.4) Stability Check :
a) FOS against overturning ( 86 / 23 ) = 3.74 > 2
SAFE
Eccenticity from 'A' ( 63 / 78 ) = 0.81 m
Eccenticity from C.G. of base ( 0.9 -0.81) = 0.090 m
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b) Net Horizontal pressure
Active earth pressure pressure = 21 = 21 kN
c) FOS against sliding 0.5 x 78 = 1.86 > 1.5
21 SAFE
d) Check for pressure :
P/A = ( 78 / 1.8 ) = 43.3 kN/m
2
M/Z ( 78 x 0.09 x 6 ) / 1.8^2 = 13.0 kN/m
2
Maximum pressure = P/A + M/Z = 56 kN/m
2
Net max pressure= = 56.0 - 20 = 36 kN/m
2
50
Minimum pressure = P/A - M/Z = 30 kN/m
2
SAFE
7.1.3.5) Force on stem :
At Wall bottom (i.e. footing top level) :
h1 = 2.20 m
a) Earth pressure :
0.297 x 20 x 2.2 x 0.94 = 12.3 kN/m
2
Total Earth pressure on stem
( 12.28 x 2.2 / 2 ) = 14 kN
Moment ( 14 x 2.2 * 0.42 ) = 13 kN-m
b) Surcharge force on stem :
1.49 x 0.94 x 2.2 = 3.1 kN
Moment ( 3.08 x 2.2 * 0.5 ) = 3 kN-m
Total SLS moment = ( 13+3 ) = 16 kN-m
Design Moment Mdu = ( 16 x 1.0 ) = 16 kN-m
Shear force = = ( 14+3.08 ) = 17 kN
Vu = 17.0 x 1.00 = 17 kN
7.5) Design toe slab :
Upward pressure on toe slab
= ( 45 + 56 ) / 2 x 0.75 38 kN
Moment due to upward pressure =
38 x 0.389 15 kN-m
Down ward force of soil= 0.70 x 20 x 0.750 10.50 kN/m
Self Weight = 0.75x0.3 x 25 5.60 kN/m
Total Downward Pressure = 16.1 kN/m
Moment due to downward pressure =
16.1 x 0.750 2 6.0 kN-m
Net SLS Moment 15 - 6.04 9.0 kN-m
Design Moment Mdu = ( 9 x 1.0 ) = 9 kN-m
Shear force = 38 - 16.1 = 22 kN
Vu = 22 x 1.0 = 22 kN
7.6) Design heel slab :
Upward force on toe slab
( 41 + 30 ) * 0.5 * 0.75 26.63 kN
Moment due to upward pressure =
26.6 x 0.356 9.47 kN-m
Down ward force of soil= 2.20 x 20 x 0.750 33 kN
Self Weight = 0.75x0.3 x 25 5.6 kN/m
Total Downward Pressure = 38.6 kN/m
Moment due to downward pressure =
38.6 x 0.750 2 14.5 kN-m
Net SLS Moment 14.5 - 9.5 5.0 kN-m
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Design Moment Mdu = ( 5.01 x 1 ) = 5.01 kN-m
Shear force = 38.6 - 27 = 12 kN
Vu = 12 x 1.0 = 12 kN
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7.1.4) Retaining wall design in siesmic case : (Ref. Fig -1 )
Design parameters :
Grade of concrete = 35 N/mm
2
Height of wall above ground = 1.50 m
Depth of foundation below ground = 1.00 m
Total height of wall H = 2.5 m
Saturated Density of soil g = 20 kN/m
3
Angle of internal friction = 30 Degree
Coeff. Of friction m = 0.5
Concrete density = 25 kN/m
3
Horizontal Siesmic coeff. = 0.072
Vertical Siesmic coeff. = 0.036
Coefficient of earth pressure Ka = 0.297
The wall is skew by an angle of 23 degree. Hence pressure on wall should be increased by #REF!
Dynamic increament in Ka due to EQ, ' Ka1
0.356 - 0.297 = 0.059
Dyn increment Earth pressure at Base = Ka1 * g * H* Cos (+)
= 0.059 x 20 x 2.5 x 0.94 = 2.77 kN/m
2
Dyn. Decrement in passive pressure at Base = Kp' * g * H
= -0.618 x 20 x 1 x 2/3 = -8.2 kN/m
2
Surcharge pressure Ka*SL* Cos (+)
= 0.059 x 5 x 0.94 = 0.28 kN/m
2
Summary of forces :
Load Load in kN L.A @ B Moment
(kN) (kN-m)
W1 2.2 x 0.2 x 25 x 0.072 0.8 1.400 1
W2 ( 0.1 x 2.2 ) / 2 x 25 x 0.072 0.2 1.033 0
W3 0.3 x 0.75x 25 x 0.072 0.4 0.150 0
W4 0.3 x 0.3 x 25 x 0.072 0.2 0.150 0
W5 0.3 x 0.75 x 25 x 0.072 0.4 0.150 0
W6 0.7 x 0.75 x 20 x 0.072 0.8 0.650 0
W7 2.2 x 0.75 x 20 x 0.072 2.4 1.400 3
Total 5.0 5
Dynamic increment in Earth pressure :
P1 2.77 x 2.5 2.00 3.5 1.250 4
P2 0.28 x 2.50 0.7 1.650 1
Total 4.0 5
7.1.3.3) Load summary under ( Normal + EQ ) Load condition :
Total Vertical load = 78 = 78 kN
Total Stabilizing moment = 86 = 86 kN-m
Total horizontal Load = 21 + 5 + 4 = 30 kN
Total overturning moment 23 + 5 + 4 = 33 kN-m
Net stabilizing moment = 53 kN-m
7.1.4.4) Stability Check :
a) FOS against overturning ( 86 / 33 ) = 2.61 > 1.5
SAFE
Eccenticity from 'A' ( 53 / 78 ) = 0.68 m
Eccenticity from C.G. of base ( 1.8 / 2 -0.68) = 0.220 m
b) FOS against sliding 0.5 x 78 = 1.30 > 1.25
30 SAFE
c) Check for pressure :
P/A = ( 78 / 1.8 ) = 43.3 kN/m
2
M/Z ( 78 x 0.22 x 6 ) / 1.8^2 = 31.8 kN/m
2
Maximum pressure = P/A + M/Z = 75 kN/m
2
Net max pressure= = 75.0 - 20 = 55 kN/m
2
62.5
Minimum pressure = P/A - M/Z = 12 kN/m
2
SAFE
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7.1.4.5) Force on stem under EQ condition :
a) At Wall bottom (i.e. Base slab top level) :
h1 = 2.20 m
a) Earth pressure :
= 0.059 x 20 x 2.2 x 0.942 = 2.44 kN/m
2
Total Earth pressure on stem
= ( 2.44 x 2.2 / 2 ) = 3 kN
Moment = ( 3 x 2.2 *0.46 ) 3.0 kN-m
Moment due to EP under Normal condition = 16 kN-m
b) Surcharge force on stem :
= 0.28 x 2.2 = 0.62 kN
Moment from 0.66h = ( 0.62 x 2.2 * 0.66 ) = 1 kNm
Moment due to SP under Normal condition = 3 kN-m
b) Earthquake force due to superstructure load, wall self wt & earthfill :
Load Load in kN Moment
(kN) (kN-m)
W1 2.2 x 0.2 x 25 x 0.072 0.8 1.100 1
W2 ( 0.1 x 2.2 ) / 2 x 25 x 0.072 0.2 0.733 0
W6 0.7 x 0.75 x 20 x 0.072 0.8 0.350 0
W7 2.2 x 0.75 x 20 x 0.072 2.4 1.100 3
Total 4.0 4
Design moment :
Moment due to normal EP = 16 kN
Moment due to normal SP = 3 kN
Moment due to Dynamic increamental Earth pressure 3 kN
Moment due to Dynamic increamental SP 1 kN
Moment due to super str load 4 kN
Total SLS Moment 16+3+3+1+4 27 kN-m
Design Shear force =
Shear due to EP under normal load case = 14 kN
Shear due to SP under normal load case = 3 kN
Earth pressure due to EQ 3 kN
SP pressure due to EQ 1 kN
EQ Load due to super str load 4 kN
Total SLS Shear Force = 25 kN
8.5) Design toe slab :
Upward pressure on toe slab
= ( 75 + 49 ) / 2 x 0.75 ) 47 kN
Moment due to upward pressure =
47 x 0.401 19 kN-m
Down ward pressure= 0.70 x 20 x 0.750 10.5 kN
Self Weight = 0.75x0.3 x 25 5.60 kN/m
Total Downward Pressure = 16.1 kN/m
Moment due to downward pressure =
16.1 x 0.750 2 6.0 kN-m
Net SLS Moment 19 - 6.04 13.0 kN-m
Design Moment Mdu = ( 13 x 1.0 ) = 13 kN-m
Shear 47 - 16 = 30.9 kN
Design Shear force = 30.9 x 1.0 = 30.9 kN
8.6) Design heel slab :
Upward force on toe slab
= ( 12 + 38 ) / 2 x 0.75 ) 19 kN
Moment due to upward pressure =
19 x 0.310 6 kN-m
L.A @ Wall
bottom
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Down ward force of soil =
2.20 x 20 x 0.8 x 0.964 31.8 kN
Self Weight = 0.75x0.3 x 25x0.964 5.4 kN/m
Total Downward Pressure = 37.212 kN/m
Moment due to downward pressure =
37.212 x 0.750 2 14.0 kN-m
Net SLS Moment 14.0 - 6.0 8.0 kN-m
Design Moment Mdu = ( 8 x 1.0) = 8 kN-m
Shear 19 - 32 = -12.8 kN
Design Shear force = -12.812 x 1.0 = -12.8 kN
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11.0) Reinforcement calculation of Cantilever Retaining Wall for DL + EQ Load Case
The bending moment & shear forces as obtained from staad analysis is considered below to calculate reinforcement.
Grade of concrete = 30 Mpa n1 = 0.294
Grade of steel = 500 Mpa j = 0.90
Modular ratio = 10 Q = 1.33
Permissible comp. flex. stress in concrete = 10.0 Mpa
Permissible tensile. stress in steel = 240 Mpa
11.1) Reinforcement calculation for Flexure :
Moment D clear d M
bal.
Ast
req.
Ast
req. Total Ast
min Ast prov. Ast Total Remark.
Location cover (for flex.) (for torsion) Ast
req. dia @ SpacingProv. Ast req.
(kn-m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kn-m) (mm
2)
(mm
2)
(mm
2)
(mm
2)
(mm) (mm) (mm
2)
(mm
2)
Stem Reinforcement 16 300 50 245 80 302 0 302 294 10 @ 150 524 302 safe
Base region @ 0.21
Toe Slab 9 300 75 220 64 189 0 189 264 10 @ 200 393 264 safe
0.18
Heel Slab 5.0 300 75 220 64 105 0 105 264 10 @ 200 393 264 safe
0.18
11.2 ) Shear Check
(mm) (mm) (mm)
v
(N/mm
2
)
Stem Reinf. 17 300 50 245 0.07 0.21 safe
Toe Slab 22 300 75 220 0.10 0.18 safe
Heel Slab 12 300 75 220 0.05 0.18 safe
Pt %
provide
d
Shear capacity of concrete
c (N/mm2) (IRC21-2000
Table 12B)
Remark
0.21
0.21
0.21
Location
Shear
Force
(kN)
D
clear
cover
d
Shear
stress
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11.0) Reinforcement calculation of Cantilever Retaining Wall for DL + EQ Load Case
The bending moment & shear forces as obtained from staad analysis is considered below to calculate reinforcement.
Grade of concrete = 30 Mpa n1 = 0.294
Grade of steel = 500 Mpa j = 0.90
Modular ratio = 10 Q = 1.99
Permissible comp. flex. stress in concrete = 15.0 Mpa
Permissible tensile. stress in steel = 360 Mpa
11.1) Reinforcement calculation for Flexure :
Moment D clear d M
bal.
Ast
req.
Ast
req. Total Ast
min Ast prov. Ast Total Remark.
Location cover (for flex.) (for torsion) Ast
req. dia @ SpacingProv. Ast req.
(kn-m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (kn-m) (mm
2)
(mm
2)
(mm
2)
(mm
2)
(mm) (mm) (mm
2)
(mm
2)
Stem Reinforcement 27 300 50 245 119 339 0 339 294 10 @ 150 524 339 safe
Base region @ 0.21
Toe Slab 13 300 75 220 96 181 0 181 264 10 @ 200 393 264 safe
0.18
Heel Slab 8.0 300 75 220 96 112 0 112 264 10 @ 200 393 264 safe
0.18
11.2 ) Shear Check
(mm) (mm) (mm)
v
(N/mm
2
)
Stem Reinf. 25 300 50 245 0.10 0.21 safe
Toe Slab 31 300 75 220 0.14 0.18 safe
Heel Slab -13 300 75 220 -0.06 0.18 safe
Location
Shear
Force
(kN)
D
clear
cover
d
Shear
stress
0.21
0.21
0.21
Pt %
provide
d
Shear capacity of concrete
c (N/mm2) (IRC21-2000
Table 12B)
Remark
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