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TEXT 1: ENGLISH VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION

Reforms of the Vietnamese Eduation S!stem "ad#! Needed


The Vietnamese Minister for Education Nguyen Minh Hien may have to vacate his post soon, if not at the
end of June, then at the end of the current tenure of the countrys National Assembly, at the end of !!"#
The reason is he failed in his reelection bid to the $entral $ommittee of the Vietnamese $ommunist %arty#
The election &as held in late April !!'# Hiens departure &ould not be a surprise to most people# (ver
the last fe& years, he has been critici)ed severely in the Assembly for the failures of the education system,
and he &ould be made to ta*e responsibility for them# The criticisms have been that the education system
does not produce enough +ualified &or*ers for the economy, graduates of the system are not e+uipped for
the $no%#ed&e'(ased and globalised economy, as many university graduates find they often have to study
for more speciali)ed degrees before they can land a good -ob# The biggest criticism is that students are
made to study too much . tuition #asses, e)tra #asses and the studying of e/tra sub-ects have been
driving a big 0E/tra 1tudy2 industry# Teachers that utili)e it as an opportunity for corruption have also
abused this drive# E/aminations have become, to a certain e/tent, a fa3ade for unethical practices by
teachers, and every year the secondary school leaving e/amination as &ell as the university entrance
e/amination %itness man! instanes of heatin&* 4n fact a &hole industry that helps students to cheat
have sprung up#


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(One of the many corners of the streets around the
Ministry of Education in Hanoi where suppliers of
Examination Floats are sold to help students
cheat.) (Pictures from VNExpress.net)
(tudents throw their !Examination Floats" away
after the examinations# ri$ht outside the
examination halls.) (Pictures from VNExpress.net)
Education must be one of the most if not the most difficult +ortfo#io of any developing country# Not only
do developing countries face constraints of finances, but also in countries &ith multiple ethnic groups
and ethnic conflicts, education policy can become the pri)e in political football# 4n Vietnams case,
finances and incompetence at reform seems to be the problems and the faults have been +#aed on
the Minister,s head#
The psychology of most parents if not all in Vietnam is that their children should study as much and reach
as high a level as possible in the formal education system, preferably graduating from university and
then getting a ush! -o( in government, or in companies, preferably foreign ones and multinational
corporations to boot# This is the .onfuian route# 5iven systemic corruption, government -obs can
give good income if you hang around long enough and you can get more if you mi) around %ith the
ri&ht ro%d# Many state enterprises are also perpetually ma*ing losses and there is no Nobel %ri)e
for guessing &hy, as managers 0mismanage#2 There is also a %olytechnics 6niversity but the fact is
s*ill &or*ers are still very much lac*ing in supply# The Ministry of Education has been called upon
for a number of years by e/perts to provide more avenues of technical training, yet the tehnia#
shoo#s 7called the $ao 8ang schools9 have not e/panded rapidly to meet the needs of
industriali)ation# This is a policy shortcoming that is regrettable in various &ays, because more
technical schools &ould not only absorb rest#ess !ouths that fail university entrance e/aminations, if
they can be persuaded that this is another road to success, but also provide the necessary human
resources to assure investors of an abundant supply of competent technicians# 4n this regard,
resources and strategic vision need to be applied and society needs to be persuaded that many roads
lead to success#
:hat the Vietnamese call 0preferring to become a Teacher than a Technician2 creates intense pressures on
the education system to allocate more resources to train theoreticians than to training people &ith
hands'on s$i##s# The competition for places in the universities is very intense, and at every level
students and their parents compete for top places in class and in the top schools to ma*e sure that this
-ourney to enter the university &ill be much easier# Thus there is a lot of focus on mugging, to
achieve high grades in e/aminations# :here possible, parents still prefer to send their children to
universities# (ver the past ten years the number of young Vietnamese that &ent overseas to pursue a
university degree increased tremendously# 4t is very common to find parents spending one or t&o
hundred dollars on tuition classes for their primary and secondary school going children# The tuition
business is e)em+#ified by the rush to learn English at the Apollo English $entre in Hanoi, &here
even (a$+a$ers from the 6;, Australia, and the 61A on tours in Vietnam are often employed as
teachers simply because they are native spea*ers# (ver and above this is an increasing demand for
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
%
post<graduate education# =ocal post<graduate education still fa##s short of %estern standards, &ith a
clear &u#f in +uality bet&een those trained in the :est and those trained at home#
The policy necessities, of course, rest %ith the correction of the Teacher<Technician balance as &ell as
broadening the education system# 4t could be argued that the balance needs to ti#t in fa/our of
training more technicians than teachers because s*ill &or*ers are in aute shorta&e in this time of
rapid industriali)ation#
4t &ould therefore seem that the educational sector in Vietnam is ri+e for reforms, not -ust in the
allocation of resources but also in the values placed on streams of learning# More technical training to
produce more technicians is a desirable policy goal that no longer can be ignored# The country
definitely does not have ade+uate state resources in the short term to +uic*ly push up supply of these
very important human resources to sustain its industriali)ation# "ott#ene$s &ill encourage foreign
investors to locate their factories else&here#
>et there are t&o more reforms that are desirable so as to address the desired change raising the standards
beyond rote #earnin&# Vietnam needs more schools that strive to im(ue the reati/e strea$ among
students# The mar*et for such schools is huge, and the government has already allo&ed the
establishment of +ri/ate#! o%ned +rimary and secondary schools, as &ell as commercial schools for
post<secondary school training# Enormous opportunities thus are available to investors# A second
opportunity is for a foreign investor to suggest to the Vietnamese government the installation of an
independent e/amination system, very much li*e the arrangement that the Ministry of Education in
1ingapore has &ith $ambridge 6niversity# ?or global *no&ledge contents, at the secondary and post<
secondary level, the e/ternal e/aminers &ould set the 0uestions and mar$ the sri+ts outside the
country# This &ould eradicate the current ills that plague the e/amination system, &ith +uestions set
by the Vietnamese Ministry of Education being constantly #ea$ed before the e/aminations, e/tensive
cheating in e/amination halls, and the bribing of e/aminers# The foreign e/aminer stands a (etter
hane if a local or overseas Vietnamese partner is also involved#
By David Koh
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
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TEXT 1: VIETNAMESE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Nh2n di3n t4nh th5 $h6n& ho7n& 6a &i8o d9
1au hai th@p *A tBng trCDng *inh tE Fn tCGng dHa
chI yEu vJo vKn LMu tC, #ao :;n& &i8 r< vJ tJi
nguyNn thiNn nhiNn, LO LEn lPc muKn tiEp tQc Li lNn
mRt cSch bTn vUng LFt nCVc cMn mau chWng chuyXn
sang hYnh thSi phSt triXn mVi, d=a h6 !5u />o tr?
tu3 /> t>i n@n&# 8o LW chCa bao giZ chFn hCng giSo
dQc trD thJnh nhi[m vQ b\c thiEt nhC lPc nJy#
MCZi ba nBm trCVc Trung ]^ng 7T]9 cW ngh_ +uyEt
/Sc L_nh phSt triXn giSo dQc, LJo t`o vJ *hoa hac, cbng ngh[ #> 0uA s8h h>n& :Bu# Ngh_ +uyEt rFt LPng
Lcn, tiEc rdng vi[c triXn *hai thHc hi[n bFt c@p nNn sau gMn mCZi nBm, ThI TCVng %han VBn ;hei $hi :oC
LO phei thfa nh@n chPng ta *hbng thJnh cbng trong giSo dQc vJ *hoa hac#
Mgc cho nhUng *hoen LMu tC tBng liNn tQc vJ nhUng cK gcng thch cHc chFn chinh +uen lj hai nBm gMn Lky,
chPng ta vln tiEp tQc tQt h@u so vVi *hu vHc vJ thE giVi# Theo (8o 8o &i8m s8t to>n Bu /D &i8o d9 cIa
6NE1$( nBm !!m vfa mVi cbng bK, VN tiEp tQc mFt LiXm vT hE sA +h8t triFn &i8o d9 ho mGi
n&HIi 7E849 vJ t9t J (2 trong beng /Ep h`ng E84 trong n nBm tf !!o LEn !!m, L\ng dCVi ce
Malaysia, 4ndonesia, Trung puKc lJ nhUng nCVc trCVc Lky thua *qm VN vT E84# VT L`i hac, nhiTu sK li[u
LSng tin c@y cho thFy sH t9t h2u rKt )a cIa cSc L`i hac cIa ta so vVi ngay ce cSc L`i hac cIa ThSi =an
hay Malaysia vT nghiNn c\u *hoa hac . tiNu chh +uan trang LSnh giS chFt lCGng L`i hac# Theo LSnh giS
cIa :E? 78irn LJn ;inh tE ThE giVi9 :>o tLo /> &i8o d9 :Li hG lJ mRt trong ba lsnh vHc yEu nhFt,
LSng lo ng`i nhFt, cIa Vi[t Nam# 1H yEu *qm giSo dQc ctng LCGc phen enh ru trong vi[c n@n& #= Lnh
tranh to>n Bu cIa VN nBm !!m tQt thNm hai b@c, sau *hi LO tQt bKn b@c nBm !!"#
NhYn l`i h[ thKng giSo dQc VN, nhUng dFu hi[u *hIng hoeng LO lR ru tf lku vJ hi[n LO /HMt 0u8 )a &iNi
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*hbng cwn ru giSo dQc cho ai, vY ai, LX lJm gY# Hac sinh bx hac nhiTu, c^ hRi LCGc Li hac LKi vVi con em
cSc gia LYnh nghyo cwn *hW, mJ c^ hRi hG :HM :5n nPi :5n hAn cJng *hW h^n, do nhiTu vFn n`n vT
hac phh, sSch giSo *hoa, hac thNm, thi cz, hac /ong r{i lJm gY, v#v#
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
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nhOn hQa = :oan Lang gia tBng theo chiTu hCVng phI nh@n giSo dQc vVi thnh chFt lJ lGi hch cbng, muKn
biEn nW thJnh mRt th\ hJng hWa thuMn tPy, thu@n mua vfa bSn theo #u2t un& Bu 6a thR trHIn&#
;hoeng cSch giUa mQc tiNu lj thuyEt vJ thHc tirn thHc hi[n Lang ngJy mRt rRng thNm, Lang cW nguy c^
L|y giSo dQc /a rZi #S tHTn& Un& (Vn&W dOn h6W /@n minh mJ /O hRi Lang muKn hCVng tVi#
$^ cFu t} ch\c vJ ho`t LRng giSo dQc mKt On :AiW rAi #oLn trBm trGn& giUa giSo dQc ph} thbng, d`y
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thKng mFy trBm L`i hac, cao L~ng, vVi chFt lCGng rFt thFp, bNn c`nh mRt h[ thKng d`y nghT +uy +ugt, trNn
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nJy# NRi dung vJ phC^ng phSp giSo dQc thX hi[n /u hCVng hH hG Y #Z, dJnh nhiTu thZi gian hac thuRc
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bao giZ hEt# Trong *hi LW oi trGn& (Vn& K+ /> thi [ hPn hG, *hiEn thi cz vJ ch`y theo bdng cFp lbi
cuKn toJn /O hRi, gky ra nhiTu lOng phh lVn, vJ nhiTu tiNu cHc nhC bdng gie, bdng dxm, hac gie, v#v, enh
hCDng rFt /Fu LEn mUi trHIn& /@n hQa tinh thBn#
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Hong Ty !i"t#am#"t

Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
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TEXT 1: ENGLISH'VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION
Vietnam `inds Itse#f Vu#nera(#e if Sea Rises
y 1ETH M>8AN1
%ublished 1eptember , !!
$A4 AN5, Vietnam ?or centuries, as monsoon
rains, typhoons and &ars have s&ept over them and
disappeared into the sunshine, the farmers and
fishermen of the Me*ong 8elta have dra%n #ife
from the &ater and fertile fields &here the great
river ends its ,"!!<mile -ourney to the sea#
The rh!thms of #ife continue from season to season though, li*e much of the country, the delta is moving
+uic*ly into the future, and industry has begun to pollute the air and &ater# ut everything here, both the
time#ess and the ne%, is at ris$ no& from a threat that could (rin& dee+er and #on&er'#astin&
disru+tions than the generations of &arfare that ended more than ! years ago#
4n a %orse'ase +ro-etion, a Vietnamese government report released last month says that more than one<
third of the delta, &here " million people live and nearly half the countrys rice is gro&n, could be
su(mer&ed if sea levels rise by three feet in the decades to come# 4n a more modest +ro-etion, it
calculates that one<fifth of the delta &ould be flooded, said Tran Thuc, &ho leads Vietnams National
Institute for H!drometeoro#o&! and En/ironmenta# Sienes and is the hief author of the report#
1torm surges could periodically raise that level, he said, and e/perts say an intrusion of sa#t %ater and
industria# +o##ution could contaminate much of the remaining delta area# The ris*s of climate change for
Vietnam go far beyond the Me*ong 8elta, up into the .entra# Hi&h#ands, &here rising temperatures
could put the coffee crop at ris*, and to the ed iver 8elta in the north, &here large areas could be
inundated near the capital, Hanoi#
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$limate e/perts consider this nation of an estimated m" million people to be among the half<do)en most
threatened by the &eather disruptions and rising sea levels lin*ed to climate change that are predicted in
the course of this century#
4f the sea level rises by three feet, percent of Vietnams population could be displaced, according to a
!!" :orld an* &or*ing paper# 4f it rises by n feet, n percent of the population and ' percent of the
countrys land area could be affected, the document said#
The government report emphasi)es that the predictions represent the threat, based on current models, if no
measures are ta*en in the coming decades, li*e building di*es# ut the potential disruptions and the
tremendous cost of trying to reduce their impact could slo& Vietnams drive to emerge from its post&ar
poverty and impede its ambitions to become one of the regions economic leaders#
(nce again, this nation, &hich has spent much of its history struggling to free itself from foreign
domination, finds itself threatened by an overpo&ering outside force# 0$limate change isnt caused by a
developing country li*e Vietnam, but it is suffering the conse+uences,2 said ;oos Neef-es, a policy
adviser on climate change &ith the 6nited Nations 8evelopment %rogram in Hanoi#
4n addition to rising seas in the Me*ong 8elta, climatologists predict more fre+uent, severe and southerly
typhoons, heavier floods and stronger storm surges that could ultimately drive hundreds of thousands of
people from their homes# .#imate refu&ees could s&ell the population of Ho $hi Minh $ity, on #o%'#!in&
#and -ust north of the delta, as &ar refugees did &hen it &as *no&n as 1aigon#
ut the city itself is also at ris*, says the government study, prepared by the Ministry of Natural esources
and Environment# 6p to one<fourth of the citys area &ould be threatened by rising flood&aters if the sea
level rose by three feet# 0Ho $hi Minh $ity could have a double impact if sea levels rise and living
conditions in the delta are not sustainable,2 Mr# Thuc, the lead author of the government report, said in an
intervie&# His report assesses only the climatological ris*s, he said, and a great deal more &or* needs to
be done to try to determine their social and economic impacts and the probable effect on population
displacement# ecause of the uncertainties of climate change and the variables of mitigation measures, it
is impossible to ran* nations precisely on a scale of ris*, Mr# Neef-es said#
Ho&ever, the !!" :orld an* &or*ing paper studied mo coastal developing countries and found
Vietnam to be the most threatened in terms of percentage of population affected, and second only to the
ahamas in terms of percentage of land area affected, if no mitigating measures are ta*en#
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0Among all of the indicators used in this paper, Vietnam ran*s among the top five most impacted
countries,2 the paper says# 4t did not include some small island nations li*e the Maldives and Tuvalu that
are also threatened &ith severe inundation#
As a region, 1outheast Asia is disproportionately vulnerable, &ith only # percent of the &orlds #and
mass but more than percent of its coastline, the Asian 8evelopment an* said in a report it released
this year# ut Vietnam has at least recogni)ed the problem and begun to address it, Mr# Neef-es said#
0?aster than any developing country, it has actually developed a sensible national program to start
responding,2 he said#
Those plans include an attempt to integrate environmental concerns into the development plans of
ministries and enterprises, modifications that could conflict &ith their ambitions for gro&th, he said#
E/perts said Vietnams primary approach the hugely e/pensive construction and reinforcement of
thousands of miles of di*es &ould bring its o&n set of problems#
4n the delta, they said, the barriers &ill probably inhibit the self<cleansing mechanism of rivers and trap
millions of cubic yards of industrial &aste, hundreds of thousands of tons of industrial rubbish, and
millions of tons of pesticides and fertili)er that are used in fish farms and shrimp farms# 04f one<third of
the deltas area is flooded by sea&ater, losses &ould be huge,2 Vo Hung 8ung, director of the $hamber of
$ommerce and 4ndustrys $an Tho city branch, said last month in the ne&spaper Tuoi Tre# 0ut if the
entire delta is polluted by &aste&ater, the losses could be many times higher#2
Here on the tiny Hau iver, &hich &inds through shaded groves of palm, bamboo and mangrove -ust
south of $an Tho in the heart of the delta, there seems to be little a&areness of these concerns# Nguyen
Thanh $hanh, , &ho fishes &ith his &ife in a small boat, said that he sometimes listened to the radio and
sometimes dran* &ith friends at the end of the day, but that he had never heard any tal* of climate change#
=ife is already hard, and the rivers already flood during the monsoon season from June to November, from
the s&ollen currents of the Me*ong, from heavy rains and from tidal flooding# An estimated mn percent of
the people in the delta are supported by agriculture# 0Those &ho farm go to the fields, and those &ho fish
go to the rivers,2 said Huynh Thuy, o", a farmer# 0They dont &orry much about the future#2
Sources$ Th" #"% &o'k Tim"s
Lan&ua&e Notes:
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
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TEXT 1: VIETNAMESEENGLISH TRANSLATION
"i5n :Yi $h? h2u: Th8h th\ #NnW A &an& #Nn /Ni Vi3t Nam
!# th() )*) n+) ,- .nh h/ng n0ng nht do ,i1n 2i kh3 h4( hon )5(6 Th*)h th7) l+n nht )8a !# l
)ha )9 )hi1n l): )h3nh s*)h ;h< h;6
VHa muKi Nam _nh r{i Lky ctng enh hCDng bDi biEn
L}i *hh h@u#VN LCGc /em lJ mRt trong nhUng nCVc s
b_ enh hCDng ngng nhFt do biEn L}i *hh h@u 7;H9
toJn cMu# Theo dH bSo, ;H s lJm cho cSc tr@n bOo
D VN cW m\c LR tJn phS nghiNm trang h^n# CZng Li
cIa bOo d_ch chuyXn vT phha nam vJ ma bOo d_ch
chuyXn vJo cSc thSng cuKi nBm# =CGng mCa giem
trong ma *hb 7thSng " vJ m9, vJ tBng trong ma mCa
7thSng o vJ 9, mCa lVn thCZng /uyNn h^n gky lt lVn
vJ nhiTu h^n D miTn Trung vJ miTn Nam#
bnh hHTn& 6a "cdH :Ai /Ni :a dLn& sinh hG ec_SHf T VN
H`n hSn /ey ra D phMn lVn cSc *hu vHc cIa ce nCVc# Nhi[t LR trung bYnh nBm tBng *hoeng !, LEn !,! LR
$ th@p *A# Nhi[t LR tBng vJ lCGng mCa thay L}i s enh hCDng LEn nbng nghi[p vJ ngu{n nCVc# MHc
nCVc biXn cW *he nBng dkng cao m vJo cuKi thE *A, lPc LW VN s mFt h^n di[n thch LFt Lai, n^i cC
trP cIa sK dkn# H@u +ue do ;H toJn cMu gky ra ngJy mRt ru rJng, trong LW cW tSc LRng LEn
81H, ngu{n tJi nguyNn +uj giS cIa LFt nCVc# 8Ha vJo mRt sK nghiNn c\u LO thHc hi[n trNn thE giVi vJ
LiTu *i[n tH nhiNn cIa VN, dH bSo h@u +ue cIa ;H s tSc LRng m`nh lNn hai vng L{ng bdng sbng
$zu =ong vJ sbng H{ng, cSc vng dac bZ biXn vJ cSc h[ sinh thSi rfng trong ce nCVc# NCVc biXn dkng s
enh hCDng vng LFt ng@p nCVc cIa bZ biXn VN, nghiNm trang nhFt lJ *hu vHc rfng ng@p mgn cIa $J
Mau, T%# H{ $hh Minh, Vtng TJu vJ Nam _nh#
Hai vng L{ng bdng vJ ven biXn nCVc ta, trong LW cW rfng ng@p mgn vJ h[ thKng LFt ng@p nCVc rFt giJu
cW vT cSc loJi sinh v@t, lJ nhUng h[ sinh thSi rFt dr b_ t}n thC^ng# MHc nCVc biXn dkng lNn cng vVi cCZng
LR cIa bOo s lJm thay L}i thJnh phMn cIa trMm thch, LR mgn vJ m\c LR b nhirm cIa nCVc, lJm suy thoSi
vJ Le daa sH sKng cwn cIa rfng ng@p mgn vJ cSc loJi sinh v@t trong LW# ;hi mHc nCVc biXn dkng cao,
*hoeng mRt nza trong sK 'm *hu LFt ng@p nCVc s b_ enh hCDng ngng, nCVc mgn s /km nh@p sku vJo LFt
liTn, giEt chEt nhiTu loJi LRng, thHc v@t nCVc ngat, enh hCDng ngu{n nCVc ngat cung cFp cho sinh ho`t vJ
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
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tr{ng trat cIa nhiTu vng# ' *hu beo t{n, trong LW cW tSm vCZn +uKc gia, *hu dH trU thiNn nhiNn s b_
ng@p# H[ sinh thSi biXn s b_ t}n thC^ng# $Sc r`n san hb lJ n^i sinh sKng cIa nhiTu loJi sinh v@t biXn, lJ lS
chcn sWng chKng /Wi mwn bZ biXn vJ beo v[ rfng ng@p mgn s b_ suy thoSi do nhi[t LR nCVc biXn tBng,
L{ng thZi mCa nhiTu lJm cho nCVc b_ b nhirm ph sa vJ cW thX ce cSc hWa chFt nbng nghi[p tf cza sbng
L} vJo# Nhi[t LR tBng lJm ngu{n thIy, hei sen b_ phkn tSn# $Sc loJi cS nhi[t LVi 7*qm giS tr_ *inh tE trf cS
ngf9 tBng lNn, cSc loJi cS c@n nhi[t LVi 7giS tr_ *inh tE cao9 giem#
$Sc thay L}i dirn ra s Le daa sH phSt triXn, Le daa cuRc sKng cIa tFt ce cSc loJi, cSc h[ sinh thSi# ;H
vVi cSc h[ +ue cIa nW nhC lt lQt, h`n hSn, chSy rfng, /Wi mwn vJ sQt lD LFt s thPc L|y sH suy thoSi 81H
nhanh h^n, trMm trang h^n, nhFt lJ nhUng h[ sinh thSi rfng nhi[t LVi *hbng cwn nguyNn vn, tBng nguy c^
di[t chIng cIa LRng, thHc v@t, lJm biEn mFt cSc ngu{n gien +uj, hiEm, b[nh d_ch mVi cW thX phSt sinh
7Thbng bSo +uKc gia lMn th\ nhFt9# ;H tBng mRt sK nguy c^ LKi vVi ngCZi b[nh, thay L}i Lgc thnh
trong nh_p sinh hac cIa con ngCZi# Theo T} ch\c > tE thE giVi 7:H(9, trSi LFt nWng lNn cW thX s lJm h^n
n! nghYn ngCZi chEt vJ nBm tri[u ngCZi b_ mcc cSc ch\ng b[nh *hSc nhau# $on sK trNn cW thX tBng gFp
hai lMn vJo nBm !!#
L>m &4 :F \n& +hQ /Ni "cdH to>n Bug
TSc LRng cIa ;H trong nhUng nBm +ua *hbng lo`i
trf +uKc gia nJo, d cho nCVc LW *hbng gWp nhiTu vJo
nguyNn nhkn gky nNn ;H# iNng D nCVc ta, trong
nhUng nBm gMn Lky, h`n hSn, mCa lt, sQt lD LFt, lt +uqt
/ey ra d{n d@p, nhFt lJ nBm !!", LO gky thi[t h`i rFt
ngng nT vT ngCZi vJ cIa# $hPng ta LO vJ Lang cK gcng
lJm mai cSch nhdm giem nh enh hCDng cIa thiNn tai, ce bdng *hoa hac * thu@t vJ cSc bi[n phSp /O hRi#
ThSch th\c lVn nhFt cIa VN hi[n nay lJ chCa cW chiEn lCGc, chhnh sSch, chC^ng trYnh, *E ho`ch phSt triXn
ph hGp sH biEn L}i hEt s\c nhanh chWng cIa *hh h@u toJn cMu# VN Lang /ky dHng $hC^ng trYnh MQc tiNu
puKc gia LKi vVi ;H# Mong rdng $hC^ng trYnh sVm LCGc thbng +ua vJ thHc hi[n# X phSt triXn bTn
vUng, trong *E ho`ch phSt triXn *inh tE < /O hRi trCVc mct vJ lku dJi cIa LFt nCVc vJ tfng vng, cMn phei
sVm Lgt vFn LT vT ;H toJn cMu mRt cSch nghiNm tPc# Trong /ky dHng +uy ho`ch phSt triXn, chPng ta
cMn chP j vi[c lJm giem nh vJ phwng, chKng, nhCng ctng cMn +uan tkm vFn LT thhch nghi vVi ;H#
51#T1 Vh ijk =,*o #D>
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
11
TEXT 1: ENGLISH'VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION
1A* Traffi: Vietnam,s Si#ent di##er
August m, !
By Bridget O'Flaherty
`rom #a) safet! standardsW ineffeti/e +o#ieW and drun$ dri/in&W o+eratin& a /ehi#e on the streets of
Vietnam is a halardous enter+rise* meo+#e are no% ta$in& matters into their o%n hands*
4n Vietnam outbrea*s of cholera, dengue fever or hand, foot and mouth disease are not uncommon# =ast
year hand, foot and mouth epidemics *illed hundreds of children# >et there is another not so obvious *iller
in Vietnam driving# (ften called the 0hidden epidemic,2 it is an increasingly serious problem &ith deadly
conse+uences#
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11
Traffic accidents are a serious problem here in Vietnam# 1ome n percent of registered vehicles are
motorbi*es or scooters# Vietnams rapid economic development over the past fe& decades has meant
roads and traffic policing have not *ept pace &ith the gro&ing number of vehicles on the road#
The nation has a very high traffic death toll rate, though -ust e/actly ho& many traffic<related deaths there
are is difficult to *no& as reliable data remains scarce# The Ministry of %ublic 1ecurity reported over
,!!! deaths in !!, but the Ministry of Health registry . usually collected via the hospital system
lists n,o'o deaths# >et these numbers may, in actuality, grossly understate the e/tent of the problem#
4ndeed, some sources believe that official data underestimates the number of traffic deaths by as many as
!#
There have been some efforts to improve safety . albeit &ith mi/ed results# ?or e/ample, in !!" a helmet
la& &as introduced for government officials and e/panded to include the public at large in early !!m#
1imilar la&s had been tried before, ho&ever, &ith little impact# Motorcycle drivers simply carried on as
usual and there &as little government enforcement# Also, children under the age of o &ere e/empt from
the la&# Most of the helmets that are available in the country are made of cheap, lo& +uality plastic that
dont offer ade+uate protection#
Jonathan %assmore of the :orld Health (rgani)ation in Hanoi has &or*ed for years on traffic safety
issues in Vietnam# He estimates that m! percent of helmets fail to meet national +uality standards#
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1%
08ue to a lac* of information in official data sources that dont identify the road user type of the deceased,
&e have not yet been able to +uantify the impact of the !!" helmet la& on deaths and in-uries in
motorcycle riders and passengers,2 %assmore told Th" Di;lomat via email#
Nonetheless, %assmore does posit that there is a possible lin* bet&een the la& coming into effect and the
small drop in traffic<related deaths in recent years# He also holds out hope that better data &ill be
forthcoming later this year#
Ho&ever helmet la&s &ont fi/ all the traffic problems in the country# An additional problem, for
e/ample, is the poor performance of the traffic police &ho are better *no&n for issuing on<the<spot
informal fines than regulating traffic in any systematic and effective manner# Not only does this ma*e the
police unpopular among the public, but, *no&ing the sorry state of la& enforcement, many drivers feel
free to disregard traffic rules altogether# 4ts not uncommon, for e/ample, for drivers to leisurely cruise
do&n one<&ay streets going the &rong &ay#
1peeding and drun* driving also contribute significantly to deaths in Vietnam, according to %assmore, but
given the paucity of data its hard to identify e/actly ho& &idespread the problems are# 4n Vietnam the
legal limit is !#!m percent blood<to<alcohol rate# 8espite ne& la&s that target drun* driving, ho&ever,
enforcement remains poor#
4n July this &as highlighted &hen an American living in Hanoi for years made ne&s &hen he began
stopping motorbi*es brea*ing traffic la&s, such as going the &rong &ay up one &ay streets# He did this
&ith the sanction of local police &hile the incident &as filmed by the T(oiT'" #"%s;a;"'# 4t +uic*ly
gained a great deal of attention online and &as soon translated for their English<language publication#
:hat &as interesting &as ho& divided opinions &ere bet&een Vietnamese and e/pats many of the latter
believed that, as a guest in Vietnam, he should leave the situation alone# Ho&ever natives &ere generally
positive, pointing out ho& bad the traffic had become and ho& careless many drivers are#
Source The 8iplomat
Note A translated version could be found on VietnamNet at httpvietnamnet#vnvn+uoc<tem'o!giao<
thong<<<<sat<thu<giau<mat<<tai<viet<nam#html#
1"* The Eonom! and the Traffi Are Hummin& in HanoiW (ut the mrie Is
_irtier Air
y TH(MA1 ?6==E %ublished July ", !!"
HAN(4, Vietnam A decade ago, bicycles and three<&heeled pedal ta/is rode +uietly do&n the tree<
lined streets of Vietnams capital# No&, #m million motorcycles and scooters bu)) through Hanoi every
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
1&
day in a confused and unrelieved cacophony#
Motorcycles have become the symbol of economic freedom in Vietnam, as its economy surges# ut they
are also the main source, together &ith a gro&ing number of cars, of &orrying levels of air pollution,
officials and e/perts say#
Hoping to avoid the 0gro& first, clean up later2 pattern that most Asian countries have follo&ed, Vietnam
decided several years ago to tighten its la/ vehicle emissions la&s# ut after numerous missed deadlines
and sparring bet&een government ministries, environmental groups no& say air pollution in Vietnam
could get &orse before it gets better#
The air in Hanoi and Ho $hi Minh $ity contains dangerous levels of ben)ene and sulfur dio/ide, e/perts
say# =evels of one of the most dangerous pollutants, microscopic dust *no&n as %M!, are moderate
compared &ith other developing Asian cities, but could &orsen if Vietnam chooses to build coal<fired
po&er plants to meet the demand for electricity, &hich is gro&ing at double<digit annual rates#
%ham 8uy Hien, an e/pert on pollution, says Hanoi and Ho $hi Minh $ity have %M! levels of about m!
micrograms per cubic meter, double the level in ang*o* and &ell above the guideline of ! set by the
:orld Health (rgani)ation# ei-ing and Ne& 8elhi have dirtier air, &ith levels of o and n,
respectively#
At the heart of Vietnams air pollution problem is dirty fuel, according to Hoang Hai Van, managing
editor of the ne&spaper Thanh Nien, &hich recently published a series of groundbrea*ing articles on the
topic#
Mr# Van says the Vietnamese companies authori)ed to import fuel are resisting buying higher<+uality fuel
because it is more e/pensive#
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1'
0The point is that they dont &ant to import fuel of better +uality because they dont &ant to see a fall in
profits,2 he said in an e<mail message# The government is divided on the issue, Mr# Van and others say
the Ministry of Trade sees the fuel import business as a cash co&, &hile the Vehicle egistration and
4nspection Agency says poor<+uality fuel is negating any benefits of higher emissions standards#
4n ?ebruary, car ma*ers based in the country, represented by the Vietnam Automobile Manufacturers
Association, sent a letter to the prime ministers office complaining that ne&er engines &ould be damaged
by the lo&<+uality fuel#
0The issue of fuel +uality &ill have to be addressed sooner or later, but &e cant do it all at once,2 said
8ang 8uong inh, director of the environment section of the Hanoi 8epartment of Natural esources,
Environment and Housing#
As of July , all gasoline stations in Vietnam &ere supposed to carry fuel compatible &ith Euro 44
standards, &hich &ere in place in the European 6nion until !!! and limit levels of ben)ene, sulfur and
microscopic dust, among other pollutants# The 6nion no& imposes significantly stricter regulations,
*no&n as Euro 4V#
ut Mr# Van says poor<+uality fuel is still being sold# 04n reality, diesel for vehicle use is not up to
standards,2 he said#
The irony for Vietnam is that for several years, it has pumped higher<+uality 0s&eet2 crude oil offshore
that could produce clean<burning fuel if refined properly, according to Hoang Viet $uong, a technical
consultant and a former employee of %etrolime/, the Vietnamese national oil company#
ut &ith no refineries of its o&n, Vietnam must send the crude abroad# 0:e have very high<+uality s&eet
crude, but then &e import lo&<+uality refined oil,2 Mr# $uong said# Vietnam is building a refinery, but it
&ill not be &or*ing until !!#
Another problem is la/ enforcement# Vehicle inspectors have a reputation for accepting bribes, vehicle
o&ners and drivers say# The going rate for a passing grade is around !!,!!! dong, or about , they say#
At an inspection station in the %hap Van neighborhood of Hanoi, 8o Van Hoa, the head of the station,
says about ! percent of vehicles do not even pass the e/isting emissions tests, &hich are &ell belo& Euro
44 standards and do not apply to motorcycles# ut Mr# Hoa denies accepting bribes#
04t is not the case that &e pass the vehicles if someone offers us money,2 Mr# Hoa said# 0:e have
cameras,2 he added, pointing to the four corners of an inspection station ree*ing of car emissions#
Euro 44 regulations apply only to ne& vehicles, said Mr# Thanh, of the Vehicle egistration and 4nspection
Agency, and there is no plan to sub-ect e/isting cars and motorcycles to more rigorous inspections#
0>oull have to be patient and &ait until they die out,2 he said#
ut there are also signs of rising a&areness about air +uality, environmentalists say, and they are
encouraged that in a country &here information is still tightly controlled, the authorities allo&ed
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1,
publication of critical articles li*e the series in Mr# Vans ne&spaper#
0%eople &ere recently outraged after " local brands of soy sauce &ere found to contain a carcinogenic
chemical,2 he &rote in an editorial# 0They should, ho&ever, reali)e that fuels &ith high pollutant levels are
&orse than soy sauce since, no matter &ho uses the fuels, everyone breathes the same air#2
Source The Ne& >or* Times
TEXT 1: VIETNAMESE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
nMoNG LpqI GIAO THrNG VIsT NAM ijt uvjw
' MLn& #HNi Giao thUn& Vi3t Nam :an& thu; #oLi !5u $xm so /Ni nhu Bu +h8t triFn 6a nDn $inh t5
/> :Lt hKt #HMn& thK+ hPn nhiDu so /Ni 8 nHN tron& $hu /= nhH Sin&a+oreW Ma#a!sia*
%hSt biXu t`i 08irn LJn 1Sng *iEn TJi nBng =Onh L`o tr Hitachi 7H>=49 lMn th\ 2 sSng t`i HJ NRi,
TiEn ss Ngb 8oOn V_nh, Vi[n trCDng Vi[n $hiEn lCGc ;inh tE 7R ;E ho`ch Mu tC9 ctng nh@n L_nh
Vi[t Nam chCa thHc sH cW LCZng cao tKc, mJ chi cW *hoeng '! *m LCZng t`m gai lJ 0cao tKc2# Nn c`nh
LW, chFt lCGng LCZng sct ctng cwn thFp vJ chCa cW nhUng trung tkm LiTu hJnh hJng hWa ra vJo cSc ceng
biXn, skn bay#
0i !!*m LCZng D Vi[t Nam, b tb tei phei mFt trung bYnh ,n . giZ# ThZi gian thbng +uan hJng D ceng
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
1-
phei mFt tf vJi ngJy LEn mRt tuMn# ThZi gian ng{i chZ D skn bay lNn tVi vJi tiEng, d cW *hi bay trNn trZi
chi mFt mRt tiEng2, bng V_nh nhFn m`nh#
5iao thbng Lang lJ vFn LT n}i cRm cIa Vi[t Nam nhCng cSc nhJ ho`ch L_nh chhnh sSch vln Lang tx ra
lPng tPng trong vi[c thSo g# M`ng lCVi h` tMng giao thbng chCa thHc sH tKt, *Et hGp vVi cbng tSc t} ch\c
giao thbng chCa *hoa hac *hiEn cho cSc vCVng mcc cIa ngJnh giao thbng cJng g, cJng rKi#
;iEn ngh_ t`i 8irn LJn, bng V_nh cho rdng LX cei thi[n 5iao thbng, ngoJi vi[c cW sH LMu tC thxa LSng tf
NhJ nCVc, cMn cW sH tham gia t}ng lHc cIa nhiTu thJnh phMn *inh tE vJ +uan trang lJ cW sH tham gia cIa
nhkn lHc trYnh LR cao trong lsnh vHc giao thbng, cQ thX lJ trong cSc *hku +uy ho`ch, /ky dHng chiEn lCGc
phSt triXn###
.h4a $hQa mmm
ng 1u*humbhand %aribatra, ThKng LKc ang*o* 7ThSi =an9 *h~ng L_nh, sH hGp tSc cbng tC 7%%%9 lJ
mRt chYa *hWa rFt +uan trang trong vi[c phSt triXn vJ cei thi[n giao thbng theo hCVng bTn vUng cho nhUng
nTn *inh tE mVi n}i nhC Vi[t Nam vJ ThSi =an#
ThSi =an LO LMu tC rFt m`nh cho h` tMng trong nhiTu nBm +ua, liNn tQc mD rRng cSc tuyEn LCZng vJ L|y
m`nh cSc tuyEn giao thbng trNn cao, bng %aribatra cho biEt# Theo CVc thnh, mvi ngJy cW tVi ' tri[u lCGt
ngCZi vJo ra ang*o*, '! trong sK LW di chuyXn bdng phC^ng ti[n cS nhkn#
0=Jm sao tBng cCZng giao thbng cbng cRng LX phC^ng ti[n nJy chiEm tA l[ '!<"! lCu thbng trNn LCZng
ng /z nhC thE nJo vVi cSc phC^ng ti[n cS nhkn, vVi /e ta/i *hi mJ ThSi =an hi[n lJ +uKc gia nh@p *h|u
/Bng dMu hJng LMu *hu vHc### lJ nhUng cku hxi lubn LCGc chPng tbi Lgt ra2#
MRt sK *inh nghi[m cIa ThSi =an LO LCGc bng %aribatra chia s t`i 8irn LJn nhC *huyEn *hhch ngCZi dkn
sz dQng /e eco<car bdng cSc c^ chE, chhnh sSch Cu LOi Lgc bi[t, thch cHc phSt triXn *hh hWa lxng nhC ngu{n
nBng lCGng thay thE mVi LX giem nh@p *h|u /Bng vJ huy LRng 8oanh nghi[p tham gia LMu tC, phSt triXn
giao thbng#
TBm nh4n tr<
Nn c`nh cSc dirn gie uy thn, 8irn LJn H>=4 nBm nay cwn +uy tQ m sinh viNn /uFt scc LEn tf " nCVc
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
1.
trong *hu vHc chku , trong LW cW o sinh viNn LEn tf Vi[t Nam# $Sc nhJ lOnh L`o, dirn gie vJ sinh viNn s
t@p trung theo lu@n /oay +uanh chI LT 05iai Lo`n mVi cho chku . puan LiXm cIa chku vT +uen tr_
phSt triXn bTn vUng vJ hRi nh@p *inh tE NBng lCGng Mbi trCZng2#
Tham dH 8irn LJn vVi tC cSch ;hSch mZi danh dH, %hW ThI tCVng HoJng Trung Hei chia s chI LT cIa
H>=4 nBm nay lJ mRt trong nhUng vFn LT Lang rFt nWng cIa *hu vHc, L{ng thZi lJ mKi +uan tkm lVn cIa
$hhnh phI Vi[t Nam#
0Chng ta ang )h7ng ki1n mt )h?( @ ;h*t t'iAn nhanh: ,t )h; tBng t'/ng )h4m ti )*) kh( vC)
kh*)666T'Dn )on ng i t+i th-nh vng: h+ng t+i sC ;h*t t'iAn ,En vFng )8a kh vC): t5m nhGn )8a
)*) th8 lHnh t'I )h?( @ ang )9 m0t ti ?y sJ g9; ;h5n a 'a nhFng K t/ng s*ng to: t*o ,o A gi.i
L(y1t nhFng ng(y )M v th*)h th7)2, %hW ThI tCVng *h~ng L_nh#
Source: > =am 7VietnamNet9

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1/
TEXT 1: ENGLISH'VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION
VIETNAM,S _ImLOMA.u: ye %ant to (e !our friend
HAV4N5 &on &hat they called the 0American &ar2, chased off a brief $hinese incursion and reunited
the country, Vietnams $ommunist leaders chose a diplomatic policy that turned out to be a disaster
cosying up to Mosco&# As the partys general secretary told the m congress, 0the unity and
comprehensive co<operation &ith the 1oviet 6nion are al&ays the cornerstone of the foreign policy of our
party and country#2 Even before 1oviet communisms collapse, a near<starving Vietnam had begun
s&itching from collectivisation to a mar*et economyand rethin*ing its foreign policy# y the m'
party congress, a ne& policy for Vietnams diplomacy, 0to be friends &ith all people2, &as under
discussion# That line has been follo&ed &ith increasing conviction ever since, as Vietnam has emerged
from isolation to become a significant presence on the diplomatic stage# 4n an American<led boycott
on aid &as eased# T&o years later relations bet&een the governments in :ashington, 8$, and Hanoi &ere
restored and Vietnam -oined the Association of 1outh<East Asian Nations 7A1EAN9# 1ince then the
countrys diplomacy, li*e its economy, has come on in leaps and bounds# 4n !!' it &on admission to the
:orld Trade (rganisation and hosted %residents 5eorge ush, Vladimir %utin and Hu Jintao, among
other &orld leaders, at the Asia<%acific 7A%E$9 summit in Hanoi# A senior :estern diplomat says
Vietnam had a &obbly start to its year of chairing A%E$ but, as people often say about the Vietnamese,
they learned e/tremely +uic*ly and by the time of the summit they had become a supremely smooth
diplomatic team# This year Vietnam &on a temporary seat on the 6nited Nations 1ecurity $ouncil,
causing its vie&s to be more assiduously courted than perhaps at any time in the countrys history#
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*he Head2uarters of Ministry of 3orei$n
4ffairs
PM N$uyen *an 5un$ and his (erman counterpart
10
Vietnams soaring trade and large population are ma*ing it an increasingly important commercial
partner# Hardly a &ee* passes &ithout a foreign leader visiting Hanoi# Vietnamese leaders, for their
part, find themselves &elcomed in the &orlds capitals# 4n March the prime minister, Nguyen Tan
8ung, toured Europe, getting &arm receptions from his 5erman, ritish and 4rish counterparts# 4n
November t&o American &arships became the first to visit northern Vietnam in peacetime# Even
before the restoration of relations Vietnam &as co<operating &ith America in searching for the
remains of soldiers missing in action# There is still friction over paying compensation to the many
Vietnamese said to be suffering the ill<effects of Agent (range, a defoliant that America and its allies
used in the Vietnam &ar# 4n ?ebruary Vietnam criticised the re-ection by an American federal appeals
court of a case that Vietnamese sufferers brought against the chemicals ma*ers# ut Vietnams
leaders are not allo&ing such disputes to hold up progress in other areas# Vietnam has also learned to
tread carefully in its relations &ith $hina, a serial invader and dominator do&n the centuries# Again, it
does not &ant to let old enmities get in the &ay of doing business# ut there is still a dispute over &ho
o&ns the 1pratlys and the %aracels 7to the Vietnamese, the Truong 1a and the Hoang 1a9, t&o
potentially hydrocarbon<rich archipelagoes in the 1outh $hina 1ea &hich other nearby countries also
claim#
Finding its voice
4t used to be hard to get the Vietnamese government to comment on anything of more than parochial
concern, but no& it has become an enthusiastic issuer of statements on &orld affairs, especially since
-oining the 1ecurity $ouncil# Vietnam has tried to *eep to a multilateralist line, for instance urging
compliance &ith 6N resolutions in various African conflicts, but it is no& discovering that in
diplomacy it is not possible both to be important and to stay friends &ith everyone# 1itting on the
1ecurity $ouncil involves ma*ing controversial choices# 4n ?ebruary Vietnam came do&n against
recognising ;osovos independence, disappointing :estern po&ers &hich had tried to persuade it that
the al*ans &ere a special case and recognition &ould not set a precedent for separatism else&here#
1hortly after&ards the vote on sanctions against 4ran over its nuclear programme set another test for
Vietnams diplomacy# The Vietnamese insisted on changing the &ording, but they then -oined ussia,
$hina, America, ritain and ?rance in supporting the resolution, &hereas 4ndonesia, a fello& A1EAN
member that also currently holds a 1ecurity $ouncil seat, abstained#
Vietnams overriding interest in its foreign relations has been to accelerate its economic development#
The main point of having 0friends every&here2 is to see* their investment and their technical help#
Another goal is see*ing and maintaining trade access for Vietnamese farm produce and manufactures#
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%1
Vo Tri Thanh, a trade economist in Hanoi, argues that Vietnam could play a positive role in the 8oha
round of &orld trade tal*s as a fairly poor country that nevertheless strongly supports freer trade# 4n
the absence of progress on the 8oha round, Vietnam is see*ing bilateral and regional trade deals# 4t has
started tal*ing to Japan about a free<trade agreement, and diplomats say there is a chance that the limited
trade<liberalisation pacts struc* &ith America could develop into a full<blo&n free<trade deal#
:ith a big &ell<disciplined army and no domestic conflicts, Vietnam &ould ma*e a good provider of
6N blue helmets# 4n March its ambassador to the 6N announced that Vietnam &as preparing for some
involvement in peace*eeping missions# Vietnam could play a broader role in some of the &orlds
destitute and conflict<ridden )ones# Having emerged from &ar and penury to become peaceful, stable
and increasingly prosperous, Vietnam sets an e/ample for others# ecause it is clearly not in the
poc*et of a former colonial po&er, it is more li*ely to be listened to# 4t is already chairing the 1ecurity
$ouncils committee on 1ierra =eone and is helping the country &ith its agriculture# Vietnam is also
edging to&ards becoming an important intermediary bet&een North ;orea 7&ith &hich it has
unusually good relations9 and the outside &orld# 4n (ctober the $ommunist %artys Mr Manh got the
red<carpet treatment from North ;oreas ;im Jong 4l on a visit to %yongyang# America is gently
encouraging Vietnam to offer the North ;oreans advice on reforming their economy#
Vietnams leaders, along &ith its youthful and optimistic population, genuinely seem to have
overcome any bitterness about past conflicts and are loo*ing firmly to the future# 4f the country can
sho& other starving and &ar<ravaged nations ho& to escape from their predicament, its seat at the
diplomatic top table &ill be richly deserved#
Source The Economist
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%1
TEXT 1: VIETNAMESE'ENGLISH TRANSLATION
HzI NH{m V| mHtT TRI}N
#g(yDn Nh9 Th8 t+ng V Khoan
MRt trong nhUng thu@t ngU ph} biEn nhFt D Vi[t Nam hi[n nay lJ Ohi nh4;O gcn liTn vVi tf O;h*t t'iAnO6
iTu LW ctng dr hiXu vY sau *hi gia nh@p T} ch\c ThC^ng m`i thE giVi, Vi[t Nam LO hRi nh@p hoJn toJn
vJ LMy LI vVi nTn *inh tE *hu vHc vJ thE giVi# $Qc di[n mVi nJy mD ra nhiTu c^ hRi thu@n lGi LX thoSt
*hxi tYnh tr`ng *qm phSt triXn, L|y m`nh cbng nghi[p hoS, hi[n L`i hoS, nkng cao v_ thE cIa Vi[t Nam
trNn trCZng +uKc tE, L{ng thZi ctng Lgt ra nhiTu vFn LT mVi m LKi vVi mRt nCVc Lang phSt triXn cwn Lang
D trYnh LR thFp vJ Lang chuyXn L}i sang thX chE th_ trCZng nhC Vi[t Nam#
!iPt #am Q g0t h*i ) gG v ;h.i Ri m0t v+i nhFng th*)h th7) no t'ong L(* t'Gnh hi nh4; S
Thnh L(. ru r[t nhFt lJ /uFt *h|u tBng nhanh, trong ! nBm L}i mVi *im ng`ch tBng *hoeng gMn n! lMn,
tf m!! tri[u 61 nBm m' lNn ,' tA nBm !!', bYnh +ukn trNn !nBm, gWp phMn L|y m`nh tKc LR
tBng trCDng *inh tE, t`o ra nhiTu vi[c lJm, giei +uyEt nhiTu vFn LT /O hRi# TiEc rdng, Vi[t Nam gia nh@p
:T( vJo thZi LiXm *inh tE thE giVi cW nhiTu biEn LRng nNn *hbng thu lCGm LCGc nhUng *Et +ue nhC
mong muKn, tuy tKc LR tBng /uFt *h|u vln rFt cao 7nBm !!" tBng ,n, ' thSng LMu nBm !!m tBng
,m9 nhCng mRt phMn nhZ giS tBng cao, L{ng thZi nh@p siNu l`i +uS lVn#
ThJnh tHu th\ hai lJ LMu tC trHc tiEp nCVc ngoJi 7?849 ctng gia tBng m`nh m# NEu nhC nBm mm lJ nBm
=u@t LMu tC nCVc ngoJi bct LMu Li vJo cuRc sKng, t}ng sK vKn LBng *j mVi chi cW o," tri[u 61 thY sau
! nBm LO lNn tVi gMn !! tA, riNng ' thSng LMu nBm !!m L`t *hoeng trNn ! tA# W lJ chCa *X trNn tA
vKn (8A, hJng tA 61 *iTu hKi vJ sau *hi Vi[t Nam gia nh@p :T( /uFt hi[n thNm mRt ngu{n vKn nUa
lJ LMu tC giSn tiEp 7?449# NhUng dwng vKn nWi trNn *hbng chi b} sung ngu{n lHc cho phSt triXn mJ cwn
mang theo nhiTu cbng ngh[, * nBng +uen lj < *inh doanh, t`o ra hJng tri[u cbng Bn vi[c lJm mVi#
ThJnh tHu th\ ba lJ nhiTu d_ch vQ ra LZi vJ phSt triXn, ngJnh du l_ch tBng nhanh, hJng chQc v`n lao LRng
Li lJm vi[c D nCVc ngoJi Lem l`i thu nh@p cho nhiTu gia LYnh vJ cho LFt nCVc, gWp phMn /oS LWi giem
nghyo#
ThJnh tHu th\ tC lJ mbi trCZng phSp lj LCGc hoJn thi[n h^n trong +uS trYnh /ky dHng NhJ nCVc phSp
+uyTn vJ hRi nh@p *inh tE +uKc tE#
MRt thJnh tHu vb hYnh song l`i cHc * +uan trang lJ cSc doanh nghi[p Vi[t Nam cW LiTu *i[n ca sSt trNn
th_ trCZng thE giVi, tf LW nkng cao * nBng *inh doanh vJ *he nBng c`nh tranh#
Mgt *hSc, trong +uS trYnh hRi nh@p Vi[t Nam ctng phei LKi mgt vVi *hbng ht th*)h th7)# NhC trNn LO nWi,
*hbng may Vi[t Nam gia nh@p :T( vJo thZi * nTn *inh tE thE giVi trei +ua nhiTu sWng giW, tSc LRng tiNu
cHc LEn tYnh hYnh *inh tE trong nCVc, gWp phMn L|y n`n l`m phSt lNn cao trong nBm gMn Lky#
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ThSch th\c nghiNm trang nhFt lJ sH c`nh tranh dirn ra gay gct ce D tMm +uKc gia lln doanh nghi[p vJ hJng
hoS, d_ch vQ# ;hSc vVi cSc nCVc cbng nghi[p hoS mVi 7N4$9 phSt triXn vJo thZi LiXm beo hR m@u d_ch
cao, trNn thC^ng trCZng +uKc tE *hbng cW nhiTu LKi thI c`nh tranh hng m`nh, Vi[t Nam phSt triXn vJo
thZi LiXm /u thE tH do hoS thC^ng m`i vJ LMu tC ngJy mRt gia tBng, trNn thC^ng trCZng +uKc tE dirn ra sH
c`nh tranh gay gct tf nhiTu nTn *inh tE lVn mVi n}i# Trong *hi LW D tMm +uKc gia h[ thKng phSp lu@t mVi
Lang trong +uS trYnh hYnh thJnh vJ hoJn thi[n, h[ thKng *Et cFu h` tMng cwn Lang LCGc /ky dHng, nkng
cao, h[ thKng tJi chhnh < tiTn t[ mVi Lang tiEp c@n vVi chu|n +uKc tE, h[ thKng hJnh chhnh Lang LCGc cei
cSch, ngu{n nhkn lHc tuy d{i dJo song c^ cFu cwn chCa hGp lj, chFt lCGng chCa cao, sH hiXu biEt lu@t
ch^i vJ nhUng biEn LRng trNn th_ trCZng thE giVi mVi s^ *hai, vi[c LiTu hJnh nTn *inh tE trong thX chE th_
trCZng LO *hW *hBn, nay hRi nh@p vVi *inh tE thE giVi LMy biEn LRng cJng ph\c t`p h^n# $Sc doanh nghi[p
vfa yEu vT ngu{n lHc, vfa b ng vVi thX chE th_ trCZng vJ +uS trYnh hRi nh@p vVi *inh tE thE giVi#
Trong bKi cenh hRi nh@p vVi *inh tE thE giVi, nhUng ph\c t`p vT mgt /O hRi vKn cW trong thX chE th_
trCZng cJng gia tBng *hoeng cSch giMu nghyo giUa cSc vng miTn vJ tMng lVp dkn cC cJng roOng rRng,
cSc t[ n`n /O hRi vJ tRi ph`m truyTn thKng ctng nhC phi truyTn thKng dirn biEn ph\c t`p, ben scc vBn hoS
dkn tRc b_ thSch th\c, nguy c^ b nhirm mbi trCZng, hIy ho`i thiNn nhiNn nhiTu h^n#
TrCVc tYnh hYnh LW, !iPt #am thC) thi nhFng ,iPn ;h*; gG A t4n dng nhFng )M hi m+i m/ 'a: 7ng ;h9
v+i nhFng th*)h th7) ang 2 t+iS ky lJ vFn LT lJm cho cSc nhJ ho`ch L_nh chhnh sSch, +uen lj, cSc
doanh nghi[p vJ nWi chung lJ toJn /O hRi Vi[t Nam trBn trD#
i[n phSp +uan trang hJng LMu lJ ra s\c nkng cao *he nBng c`nh tranh D ce tMm +uKc gia lln doanh
nghi[p ctng nhC mgt hJng vJ lo`i hYnh d_ch vQ# Theo hCVng nJy, Vi[t Nam Lang thch cHc hoJn thi[n h[
thKng lu@t phSp LX nW ngJy cJng LMy LI, L{ng bR, nhFt +uSn, minh b`ch, ph hGp vVi nhUng +uy L_nh
+uKc tE vJ nhUng cam *Et cIa Vi[t Nam trong +uS trYnh hRi nh@p# Nkng cao chFt lCGng *Et cFu h` tMng,
giei toe nhUng *hku thct nPt c} chai lJ mRt hCVng nUa LCGc chP trang# H[ thKng tJi chhnh < ngkn hJng
Lang LCGc hi[n L`i hoS vJ beo Lem thnh an toJn# H[ thKng hJnh chhnh Lang LCGc cei cSch theo hCVng
nkng cao thnh chuyNn nghi[p, giem thiXu thI tQc phiTn hJ, lo`i trf n`n tham nhtng, +uan liNu# 5iSo dQc
LCGc coi lJ +uKc sSch hJng LMu vJ Lang LCGc L}i mVi nhdm bct *_p vVi chu|n *hu vHc vJ +uKc tE, cW *he
nBng cung cFp ngu{n nhkn lHc cW chFt lCGng ngJy cJng cao# $ng vVi sH }n L_nh chhnh tr_ vKn cW vJ v_
thE +uKc tE LCGc nkng cao, nhUng bi[n phSp *X trNn s giPp cho Vi[t Nam trD thJnh mRt LiXm LEn LMy hFp
dln vVi cSc LKi tSc bNn ngoJi#
uFt *h|u tiEp tQc LCGc coi lJ hCVng Cu tiNn, theo LW c^ cFu /uFt *h|u Lang LCGc chuyXn d_ch theo
hCVng giem thiXu hJng chCa +ua chE biEn, gia tBng dung lCGng sen ph|m chE biEn vJ chE t`o, phSt triXn
cbng nghi[p phQ trG LX nkng cao giS tr_ gia tBng cIa cSc mgt hJng gia cbng, *hbng ngfng cei tiEn chFt
lCGng hJng hoS vJ d_ch vQ sSt hGp vVi nhu cMu cIa th_ trCZng +uKc tE#
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H^n lPc nJo hEt, yNu cMu phSt triXn bTn vUng LCGc coi lJ mRt Cu tiNn cao# i Lbi vVi cSc mQc tiNu tBng
trCDng, Vi[t Nam lubn chP trang tVi cSc chi tiNu phSt triXn con ngCZi, giei +uyEt cSc vFn LT /O hRi, /oS
LWi giem nghyo, beo v[ mbi trCZng sinh thSi, h`n chE nhUng tSc LRng tiNu cHc cIa +uS trYnh toJn cMu hoS
vJ hRi nh@p *inh tE#
TrCVc nhUng biEn LRng *hbn lCZng cIa *inh tE thE giVi, cbng tSc thbng tin, dH bSo trD thJnh mKi +uan
tkm sku scc cIa ce nhUng ngCZi ho`ch L_nh chhnh sSch, +uen lj LiTu hJnh lln cSc doanh nghi[p#
VVi tC cSch lJ thJnh viNn thch cHc cIa cSc thX chE hGp tSc *inh tE +uKc tE, trong LW cW :T(, Vi[t Nam s
ra s\c LWng gWp vJo vi[c hoJn thi[n tr@t tH *inh tE +uKc tE theo hCVng cbng bdng vJ dkn chI h^n, beo Lem
lGi hch chhnh LSng cIa cSc nCVc Lang phSt triXn#
puS trYnh hRi nh@p *inh tE +uKc tE cIa Vi[t Nam mVi chi bct LMu, D phha trCVc cwn nhiTu *hW *hBn, thz
thSch song vVi thE vJ lHc LCGc t`o dHng sau h^n ! nBm tiEn hJnh cbng cuRc L}i mVi vT mai mgt, vVi
nv lHc vJ *he nBng sSng t`o cIa nhkn dkn, nhFt L_nh Vi[t Nam s t@n dQng LCGc nhUng c^ hRi mVi, vCGt
+ua LCGc mai thSch th\c, sVm thHc hi[n cbng nghi[p hoS, hi[n L`i hoS LFt nCVc nhdm tVi mQc tiNu dkn
giMu, nCVc m`nh, /O hRi cbng bdng, dkn chI, vBn minh
Source HRi theo puKc tE Vi[t Nam hac =Mn th\
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TEXT 1: ENGLISH'VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION
`OLd HISTORu IN VIETNAM
The Vietnamese people have lived through events more turbulent and disruptive than in many other areas
of the &orld# :hen they tried to build a niche for themselves in the ed iver 8elta, they had to carve it
out of harsh environment . one critical tas* &as to tame floods# 4n defense of their homeland, they had to
struggle against mighty foes from outside, especially the $hinese to the north and the $hams to the south#
Also, they had to contend &ith their o&n brothers turned enemies, &itness the protracted conflicts bet&een
the Trinh and the Nguyen, bet&een $ommunists and anti<$ommunists# 4t is only natural that the ordinary
people of Vietnam, often unschooled and illiterate but armed &ith a long memory, have developed a
consciousness of &hat befell their ancestors, of &hat they accomplished, age after age# That strong sense
of the past, as mirrored in numerous popular traditions, can be called 0fol* history2, &hich should be
studied and evaluated if &e are to understand in depth the social climate and moral ethos of Vietnam#
4ndeed, since it gives the peasants vie&s of persons and happenings that once affected their lives, fol*
history provides corrective insights no&here to be glimpsed among the masses of data accumulated in the
official annals and chronicles &ith their biases# :hile fol* history is often a deification of cultural and
national heroes and thus manifests the peoples need for religious faith in their struggle for survival, it can
contain nuggets of truth buried inside layers and layers of poetic fiction# And, &hether it spea*s in
specifics or in generalities, fol* history is apt to loo* &ith cold<eyed realism at the established structure of
po&er and baldly say things that fe& $onfucian scholars ever dared to hint at in &riting#
4n all fairness to Vietnamese scholars &ho &rote in $hinese, it should be pointed out that some of them
attached importance to fol* myths and legends, &hich they collected &ith the sometimes stated purposes
of defining the ethnic identity of their 1outhern domain in contradistinction to the Northern giant, $hina#
4n the fourteenth century, under Tran rulers &ho had repulsed several invasions by the Mongols, =j TE
uyNn recorded a score of tales of Vietnamese *ings, heroes, and gods in the !iPt TiPn U Vinh T4; 7A
oo* of 1tories about (ccult %o&ers in the Vietnamese 8omain9# To&ard the end of the fifteenth century,
under the =N 8ynasty &hose founder had led a difficult &ar to free the country from Ming domination,
there appeared another corpus of fol*tales, the VHnh #am T'3)h W(*i 71elected Tales of E/traordinary
eings in =ingnan9# 4n the fore&ord attributed to him, Vt punh +uestioned the traditionally strict and
rigid demarcation bet&een sz or history proper as truth and truyen or myth and legend as fiction# 8espite
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his endeavours to pattern the Vietnamese centrali)ed state after the model of neo<$onfucian $hina, the
great emperor =N ThSnh Tbng himself too* a deep interest in the native language and culture and,
apparently at his command, the official historian Ngb 1s =iNn &ent to the trouble of gathering stories from
ancient times that circulated among the peasants, and included them in his commentary &hen he compiled
this Ti !iPt XY KK Ton Th 7The $omplete History of `i Vi[t9
Ho&ever, &ritings in $hinese offer no more than carefully selected fragments of fol*lore, designed to
promote the interests of the ruling class or, at least, never meant to disserve such interests# Vietnamese
fol* history must be investigated by unraveling the comple/ of popular beliefs and cults ma*ing up the
oral tradition 1ociologists of religion, for instance, &ill observe the e/istence and function of hundreds of
shrines and temples sacred to such mythical or legendary figures as the 8ragon =ord of =ac 7=`c =ong
pukn9, the founding father of the Vietnamese realm, the Heavenly ;ing of %hu 8ong 7%h }ng ThiNn
VC^ng9, a three<year<old retarded boy &ho gre& up overnight to save the country from Northern
con+uerors, the 1aint of Ten ViNn Mountain &ho &on the battle of floods against his arch enemy, the
:ater 5od 7ThuA Tinh9, and many historical heroes or heroines li*e the t&o TrCng sisters, =ady Tri[u,
Marshal =j ThCZng ;i[t, 5eneral TrMn HCng `o, etc# 6nless destroyed or banned, such shrines and
temples, associated &ith definite cults and rites, &ill perpetuate those myths and legends in versions that
may differ from one place to another but al&ays retain the basic contribution of each divinity or hero to
the common&eal# 1till, Vietnamese fol* history is above all embedded in something less substantial, yet
more enduring, than &ood or stone, and that is the spo*en &ord#
4n old Vietnam, the &ritten and printed &ord, being grounded in the $hinese script, belonged to a very
small elite# $hinese &as the vehicle for all forms of official e/pression, &hen someone &anted to &rite in
the vernacular, he or she had to employ the 0chU Nbm2 or 01outhern characters2, the demotic script &hich
presupposed a thorough *no&ledge of $hinese ideograms# As printing &as underdeveloped and
publishing &as severely restricted by the authorities, it is clear that the great ma-ority of the Vietnamese
people lived in a &orld devoid of boo*s and relied essentially on the spo*en vernacular to create,
maintain, and transmit any *ind of tradition#
Ho& to record and transmit facts, thoughts, and feelings by mere speech, &ithout material means of
preservation . that &as the challenge# 4t &as met by choosing the form of speech &hich could best resist
the erosion of time and change, &hich could achieve some degree of permanency, and that form of speech
&as verse# Traditional Vietnamese lent itself admirably to effortless and pleasurable memori)ation by a
happy combination of features a rhythm, intrinsic to the Vietnamese language, that favors the iambic or a
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regular alternation of stressed syllables preceded by unstressed ones, the availability of both end rhymes
and internal rhymes, and, lastly, a musical arrangement of tones# Thus, out of necessity, verse arose as the
undisputed medium for any statement of fact or opinion or feeling that aspired to last beyond the moment
&hen it &as first made# That verse pervaded the oral tradition in Vietnam is indicated by the presence of
thousands of proverbs and proverbial phrases, &hich must be regarded as minimal poems# =ets consider
this one, &hich possibly har*s bac* to the remote past &hen Vietnamese &omen had played a far more
important role than under a $onfucian patriarchy 0The child misbehaves, the mother bears the blame2 .
Con di: )*i mang# The saying consists of only four syllables, yet it manages to include all the features of
rhythm, rhyme and tonal harmony that characteri)e a full<fledged poem#
?or the purpose of easy memori)ation and faithful transmission by &ord of mouth, Vietnamese fol* verse
reached perfection in the form *no&n as luc<bat, or the 0si/<eight2 couplet# 4t is so named because the first
line re+uires si/ syllables and the second line eight syllables# As a marvelously versatile instrument, it
performs all communicative functions . e/pository, lyrical, and narrative . e+ually &ell# 4t can be used
alone to state a fact, utter an opinion, or e/press a sentiment in fourteen syllables# (r it can serve as a
building bloc* poems made of connected si/<eight couplets run in length from +uatrains to &or*s of
thousand lines# :hile metrical proverbs and proverbial phrases and other forms of fol* verse contain
much fol* history, its chief repository is a large corpus of si/<eight couplets and si/<eight poems or
fragments thereof# Together, they paint an unvarnished picture of society as seen through the eyes of
peasants or other non<members of the establishment, they supply uncensored -udgments that the ruled
passed on the rulers#
7E/cerpt from Th" !i"tnam Zo'(m, Volume n9
Lan&ua&e Notes:
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TEXT 1: VIETNAMESE'ENGLISH TRANSLATION
">n /D (7n sa /@n hQa Vi3t Nam sau n&>! h;i nh2+ etr?hf
GS* TrBn V@n dhX
1au ngJy hRi nh@p, trong nCVc cSc c^ sD *inh tE, cSc c^ +uan chSnh +uyTn, vJ cSc lOnh L`o cao
cFp cIa nCVc ctng LTu cW nh@n L_nh tC^ng tH nhC sau Lky lJ mRt c^ hRi rFt tKt LX cho ngCZi
nCVc ngoJi cW nhiTu d_p tYm hiXu LFt nCVc vJ con ngCZi Vi[t Nam nhCng ctng lJ mRt thSch th\c
lVn#
Trong lsnh vHc vBn hWa ctng cW nhiTu ngCZi tx ra lo ng`i lJ *hbng biEt sau cuRc hRi nh@p vT *inh
tE, chSnh tr_, ngo`i giao thY li[u vBn hWa Vi[t Nam cW LI s\c chKng chai l`i vVi sH du nh@p cSc
lu{ng vBn hWa *hSc LEn nvi chPng ta s mFt lubn ce ben scc dkn tRc#
$hPng tbi *hbng lo nhC thE vY trCVc chPng ta LO cW rFt nhiTu nCVc chku hRi nh@p mJ cW vBn
hWa nCVc nJo b_ mFt h~n lubn nhC thE thY *hbng cW lj do nJo chPng ta l`i b_ ggp cSi cenh vBn hWa
chPng ta hwa tan trong sH hRi nh@p# NhCng ctng *hbng phei nghs thE mJ chPng ta an lwng, phW
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mgc vi[c LZi tVi Lku hay LW mJ chPng ta phei cW j th\c lJm cho nTn vBn hWa chPng ta cW LCGc
mRt s\c sKng vUng chcc, cW mRt thHc chFt *hoa hac vJ ngh[ thu@t cW thX chKng chai l`i vVi
nhUng tFn cbng cIa cSc nTn vBn hWa *hSc, ngang +ua cuRc hRi nh@p, s { `t trJn vJo LFt nCVc ta#
NEu vBn hWa Vi[t Nam *hbng LI s\c LT *hSng nhC mRt ngCZi LO LCGc tiNm phwng trCVc thY cW
thX b_ 0b[nh d_ch2 hoJnh hJnh# NEu cW LCGc s\c LT *hSng nhZ chPng ta chu|n b_ trCVc thY sH hRi
nh@p s lJ mRt d_p cho chPng ta lVn m`nh h^n# VJ vBn hWa s trD thJnh mRt yEu tK hFp dln ngCZi
bNn ngoJi LEn nCVc ta *hbng phei chi vY *inh tE, chSnh tr_ hay ngo`i giao mJ cW thX vY nqt vBn
hWa Lgc th cIa chPng ta#
;hi nWi LEn vBn hWa, chPng tbi *hbng chi nghs LEn vBn hWa ngh[ thu@t mJ l`i nhV LEn vBn hWa |m
thHc, vBn hWa thZi trang, vBn hWa trong nEp sKng hJng ngJy#
$hPng ta ctng h^i an tkm *hi thFy rdng trCVc *hi hRi nh@p, vBn hWa |m thHc LO lJm LCGc ngCZi
nCVc ngoJi +uan tkm LEn cW mRt sK *hSch du l_ch tYm LEn thBm Vi[t Nam *hbng phei chi muKn
nhYn danh lam thcng cenh mJ ctng cW j muKn nEm s^n hJo hei v_ hay ht ra mRt vJi mWn Bn Lgc
bi[t nhC 0nem2 7t\c lJ nem rSn D miTn cc hay che giw D miTn Nam9 hogc 0phD2# Hai danh tf LW
LO LCGc thbng dQng trNn nhiTu nCVc chku u vJ chku # VJ vT mgt nJy, trong *hoeng ! nBm
nay, vBn hWa |m thHc LO LCGc rFt nhiTu giVi trong nCVc +uan tkm# NhCng chPng ta vln phei +uan
tkm tYm thNm nhUng mWn Bn, nCVc uKng th@t Lgc scc cIa ce ba miTn LX tuMn tH giVi thi[u cho du
*hSch s LEn tf nBm chku# $|n th@n trong cSch trYnh bJy th\c Bn, cSch dan bJn, tiEp *hSch, trang
trh phwng Bn, lHa lo`i nh`c Vi[t Nam truyTn thKng h^n nh`c nCVc ngoJi, t`o mRt *hbng gian vJ
*hbng *hh rFt Vi[t Nam, vY du *hSch LEn nCVc ta lJ LX tYm nhUng gY *hbng cW D nCVc ha ch\
*hbng phei LX ggp nhUng gY +uen thuRc, hay cIa ta bct chCVc ha#
VT vBn hWa thZi trang thY chiEc So dJi cIa Vi[t Nam LO bao nhiNu lMn LCGc nhUng nhJ thiEt *E lVn
nhC Minh H`nh, 1s HoJng giVi thi[u t`i cSc nCVc vJ LCGc sH chP j cIa cSc chuyNn gia thZi trang
thE giVi# Trong nhUng cuRc thi vT y phQc cIa phQ nU cSc nCVc, chiEc So dJi LO cW lMn LCGc thE
giVi LSnh giS lJ Lp nh\t# Tbi nhV l`i tf nBm o LEn nay, *hi tbi rZi LFt nCVc Vi[t Nam bbn ba
bKn biXn nBm chku, mvi lMn tbi giVi thi[u km nh`c truyTn thKng Vi[t Nam trong mRt bu}i hwa
nh`c, lubn lubn tbi mgc So dJi *hBn LWng Vi[t Nam# =Pc Fy, tbi LO b_ rFt nhiTu b`n Vi[t Nam
trong vJ ngoJi nCVc cho rdng tbi cW Wc 0phong *iEn, c} hI2, lJ tbi muKn bct chCVc cHu HoJng
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
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eo `i, nhCng ngCGc l`i t`i nhiTu nCVc nhC %hi =u@t Tkn, a TC, n R, Anh +uKc, \c +uKc
*hi giVi thi[u tbi lJ mRt L`i biXu Vi[t Nam, tbi mgc +uKc phQc, L\ng d@y chJo thY LCGc cSc trJng
phSo tay rFt n{ng h@u LWn tbi# ;hi trCZng `i hac t`i %erth 7Tky c9 mZi tbi gieng mRt bJi vT
nh`c truyTn thKng Vi[t Nam, bng ?ran* $alla&ay, trCDng *hoa m nh`c, CVc ao tbi mgc So dJi
Vi[t Nam vY trong bJi thuyEt gieng cW phMn minh haa vVi cky LJn tranh# $W nhiTu ngCZi Vi[t LO
chey nCVc mct *hi tbi bCVc lNn bQc gieng vVi +uKc phQc Vi[t Nam# ;hi vT nCVc, trong nhUng
bu}i hwa nh`c dkn tRc, nU nh`c cbng thY mgc So dJi duyNn dSng cwn nam nh`c cbng thY mgc +uMn
tky vJ So gilet nhC ngCZi Nga hay Trung bng# Tbi rFt tiEc iXu dirn tkn nh`c hay nh`c ngo`i
+uKc, thY Bn mgc thE nJo ty j thhch cIa dirn viNn# NhCng biXu dirn nh`c truyTn thKng Vi[t Nam,
t`i sao *hbng cW thX mgc So dJi, nhC cSc 0liTn anh +uan ha2
MVi Lky nh\t trong HRi ngh_ A%E$, chiEc So dJi cIa nam giVi LO LCGc chI t_ch nCVc Nguyrn
Minh TriEt vJ nguyNn thI nhiTu nCVc *hSc mgc LX chQp enh *A ni[m# nh LW LCGc nhiTu LJi
truyTn hYnh vJ bSo chh thE giVi phSt sWng, hay LBng tei, LO gky mRt Fn tCGng Lp L cho vBn hWa
thZi trang Vi[t Nam#
VT vBn hWa nEp sKng hJng ngJy, tf /Ca, chPng ta cW lwng hiEu *hSch Lgc bi[t, trong /O hRi cW LI
tbn ti tr@t tH# TYnh thC^ng ngCZi nh\t lJ LKi vVi ngCZi lkn c@n lSng giTng, lubn lubn sn sJng giPp
L 0lS lJnh Lm lS rSch2 ch\ *hbng phei 0sKng chEt mgc bky2# Trong nhUng trCZng hGp Lgc bi[t
+uan hbn, tang tE thY ce lJng /Wm LTu sn sJng giPp L nhau# Ki vVi chSnh +uyTn thY tbn trang
lu@t phSp, trong gia LYnh LKi vVi cha m thY tran lwng hiEu theo, LKi vVi thMy thY tbn sC trang L`o#
NhUng nqt vBn hWa Lp trong nEp sKng hJng ngJy LW hYnh nhC nay LO mFt Li# NEp sKng mVi lJm
cho mai ngCZi chPng ta thCZng chi nghs LEn mYnh, LEn tH do cS nhkn mJ *hbng cwn nghs LEn
ngCZi *hSc# iTu LW thFy ru trong cSch giao thbng ngoJi LCZng phK, trong cSch giao tiEp hJng
ngJy cIa cSc hR dkn#
NgCZi Vi[t cW mRt nQ cCZi chJo *hSch rFt dr thC^ng# NhiTu du *hSch LO nh@n thFy vJ chQp
nhiTu enh nQ cCZi trNn mbi nhUng ngCZi giJ tr bq lVn# $hPng ta nNn giU Lfng cho nQ cCZi tct
trNn mbi chPng ta#
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$hPng ta ctng nNn thay L}i thSi LR trong r`p hSt hay trong cSc phwng hwa nh`c# NgCZi ngh[ ss
Lem hEt cbng s\c ra luy[n t@p tiEng LJn giang hSt LX cKng hiEn cSi Lp cho *hSn thhnh gie# V@y
mJ ngCZi /em thCZng *hi nWi chuy[n vVi nhau, Lac sSch bSo hay Bn +uJ, nWi chuy[n +ua mSy di
LRng Nghe biXu dirn /ong, vv tay lFy l[, mJ *hbng nghs rdng, ngCZi ngh[ ss *hbng phei chi
cMn Bn c^m uKng nCVc# TiEng vv tay *hen thCDng hay *hhch l[ lJ mWn Bn tinh thMn rFt cMn thiEt#
$Sch t} ch\c, tri[u t@p vJ LiTu hJnh hRi theo ctng cMn sza L}i LX trSnh vi[c thC mZi LEn tay L`i
biXu sau *hi hRi theo bE m`c# i dH hRi theo, *hbng LEn +uS trr, *hbng rZi n^i hap +uS sVm#
$hPng ta ctng nNn nhV rdng tf Lky s cW nhiTu ngCZi nCVc ngoJi cW d_p vJo nCVc ta, ha s nhYn
vJo nEp sKng hdng ngJy cIa chPng ta vJ ngang +ua LW LSnh giS LCGc phong cSch vBn minh, nTn
vBn hWa cIa n^i ha LEn ###
Source Trang &eb cIa HRi Nh`c s Vi[t Nam
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
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RE`EREN.ES
"oo$s
1. Cambridge Examinations Publishing. Cambridge Proficiency Examination Practice.
Volumes 1-6. Cambridge University Press.
2. Chamberlin ! and "hite #. $1%&2'. Advanced English for Translation Introduction.
Cambridge University Press.
(. Cao )u*n +o $2,,('. Ti1ng ViPt, Vn ViPt, Ngi ViPt. -). /hanh -i0n.
1. !ang /huy /ram $2,,&'. Last night I dreamt of peace The Diary of Dang Thuy Tram.
/ranslated by 2ndre3 ). Pham. .road3ay.
4. !ui5er :# 7!!!9# o !hi "inh A Life. +y6erion Publisher. -e3 7or5.
6. 8ogan ". $2,,,'. anoi # $iography of a !ity. U-9" Press.
:. -guyrn Vi[t ;<. Translation %ractice. University of 8anguages and =nternational 9tudies
> Vietnam -ational University.
&. ?xford 2dvanced 8earner@s !ictionary. :
th
edition.
%. U-E9C?. &orld eritage !onvention 2,,&.
1,. Vu /rong Phung $2,,4'. Dum' Luc( A Novel 'y Vu Trong %hung. /ranslated by Peter
Ainoman. University of Bichigan Press.
11. 7ale University Press $1%&4'. The Vietnam )orum. Volume 4.
ye(sites
1. htt6CDD333.bbc.com
2. htt6CDD333.3i5i6edia.org
(. htt6CDD333.iseas.edu.sgD
1. htt6CDDtuanvietnam.vietnamnet.vnDnhung-sai-lam-chu-yeu-lam-tha-hoa-giao-duc
4. htt6CDD333.nytimes.comD2,,%D,%D21D3orldDasiaD21delta.htmlE6age3antedFallGHrF,
6. htt6CDD333.vn66a.org.vnDEmFne3sGaF6ageHne3seventsdetailGne3sidF%:%GleveloneF,
:. htt6CDDthedi6lomat.comD2,12D,&D2&Dtraffic-vietnams-silent-5illerD
&. htt6CDD333.nytimes.comD2,,:D,:D,:D3orldDasiaD,:vietnam.html
%. htt6CDDvietnamnet.vnDvnDxa-hoiDan-toan-giao-thongD46(6%D-mang-luoi-giao-thong-viet-nam-
Iua-yeu-.html
1,. htt6CDD333.economist.comDnodeD11,11:14
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
&%
11. htt6CDDhoinhacsi.infoDc1:-6hiem-ban-1.html
12. htt6CDDa6arc.stanford.eduDeventsDvietnamsHuniIuenessHinHaHglobaliJedH3orld
Bin dch 2 - Nguyn Thnh Vn
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