07 Learn Khmer (Cambodian)

I.
Introduction
Cambodian, also known as Khmer, is the official language of the Kingdom of Cambodia and it is
spoken by almost all Cambodians. Khmer is also understood by people in many bordering
countries such as Thailand (in the eastern provinces of Buriram, Surin, and Srisket in the
northern Thailand, in the !ekong "elta region of South #ietnam, and in southern $aos
(%uffman, &'().
Cambodian is the ma*or modern representative of the !on+Khmer language family which
includes hundreds of related dialects scattered over most of mainland Southeast ,sia. ,s for
foreign influences on the language, the Khmer language has borrowed many words from Sankrit.
-ith the advent of Theravada Buddhism at the beginning of the fifteenth century, Khmer
began to borrow .ali words, and continues to use .ali as a ma*or source of neologisms today
(%uffman &'(). "uring the period of /rench domination, many /rench words were borrowed
into the language and have become a part of the collo0uial language, as well as medical and
technical terms. There is also a smattering of Chinese and #ietnamese loanwords in collo0uial
speech.
1nlike Thai, #ietnamese, and $ao, Khmer is non+tonal and has a high percentage of disyllabic
words which are derived from monosyllabic bases by prefi2ation, and infi2ation. (%uffman,
&'()
II. Writing System
The Cambodian script (called Khmer letters are all probably derived from various forms of
the ancient Brahmi script of South 3ndia. The Cambodian script has symbols for thirty+three
consonants, twenty+four dependent vowels, twelve independent vowels, and several diacritic
symbols. !ost consonants have reduced or modified forms, called sub+consonants, when they
occur as the second member of a consonant cluster. #owels may be written before, after, over,
or under a consonant symbol.
Some efforts to standardi4e Khmer spelling have been attempted, but inconsistencies
persist, and many words have more than one accepted spelling. , two+volume dictionary
prepared under the direction of the #enerable Chuon 5ath of the Buddhist 3nstitute in .hnom
.enh is the standard work on Khmer le2icography.
Khmer is divided into three historical stages6 7ld Khmer (seventh to twelfth century ,.".,
!iddle Khmer (twelfth to seventeenth century ,."., and !odern Khmer (seventeenth century
to the present. 3t is likely that 7ld Khmer was the language of Chenla. The language of /unan
was most probably a !on+Khmer language. The earliest inscription in Khmer, found at ,ngkor
Borei in Takev .rovince south of .hnom .enh, dates from ,.". 8&&. (%uffman, &'()
III. Consonant
There are thirty+three letters in the Cambodian writing system. They are arranged in five
groups according to the position of the articulation, proceeding from the back to the front of
the mouth, and a si2th group labeled as miscellaneous. The consonants in modern Cambodian are
also divided into two categories or series. The first series is voiceless and the second series is
voiced (sometimes are called light voiced and heavy voiced. The table below provides the
symbol of all consonants sounds in 3., symbol with the first and second series sound.
(%uffman, &'()

5um Consonants 3.,
.ronunciation &st
Series
.ronunciation 9nd
Series
&

k kAA
9

kh khAA
:

k kOO
;

kh khOO
<
i
N NOO
8

c cAA
(
.
ch chAA
=
:
c cOO
'
.
ch chOO
&)
.
n) n)OO
&&

d dAA
&9

th thAA
&:

d dOO
&;
+
th thOO
&<
.
n nAA
&8
.
t tAA
&(

th thAA
&=

t tOO
&'
.
th thOO
9)
.
n nOO
9&

b bAA
99
:
ph phAA
9:
.
p pOO
9;
:
ph phOO
9<

m mOO
98

y yOO
9(
.
r rOO
9=
.
l lOO
9'
.
w wOO
:)
.
s sAA
:&

h hAA
:9

l lAA
::
.
0 0AA

,s mentioned above, the consonants in modern Cambodian have two series. The first series is
voiceless and the second series is voiced (sometimes are called light voiced and heavy voiced.
%ere is a table to compare the two different sounds in the first and second series.

First Series
Pronunciation 1st
Series
Second Series
Pronunciation 2nd
Series
kAA

kOO
khAA

khOO
cAA
:
cOO
.
chAA
.
chOO
.
nAA
.
nOO
dAA

dOO
thAA
+
thOO
.
tAA

tOO
thAA
.
thOO
:
phAA
:
phOO
lAA
.
lOO
i
NAA
i
NOO
.
n)AA
.
n)OO
pAA
.
pOO
mAA

mOO
yAA

yOO
.
rAA
.
rOO
.
wAA
.
wOO
.
sAA
.
sOO
hAA

hOO
bAA

bOO
.
0AA
.
0OO
IV. Sub-consonant
-hen two consonants are pronounced consecutively within a word, the second consonant>s
symbol is written in a special sub+consonant form which is placed below the first consonant.
The sub+consonant always follows the consonant in the pronunciation. The form of the sub+
consonant is in most cases a smaller version of its consonant version but some look completely
different from the superscript. The tables provided here are the lists of the sub+consonant
and the consonant. (%uffman, &'()

i
. : . .

+
.
. . .
, : . :
. . .

., .

V. Vowels
The Cambodian vowel may consist of one or a combination of elements written before, above,
below, or after the initial consonant. There are 9; vowels in Khmer. Since the abstract vowel
(AA is embedded in a consonant, there are only 9: vowels shown in the table below. The
pronunciation of a vowel in Khmer is determined by the series of the initial consonant that it
accompanies. Click on the vowels to listen to their pronunciation and practice with the
consonants.
The pronunciation of a vowel in Cambodian is determined by the two series of consonants
(first and second series. ?2amples of how to pronounce a vowel with the first and second
series consonant are found in the #owels page. The table below provides the symbol of all vowel
sounds in 3., symbol with the first and second series sound. (%uffman, &'()

#owel Symbol
5ame of #owel in
3.,
#owel
/irst Series Second Series
2
Sra0 AA
AA OO
2
Sra0 aa aa ie
2
Sra0 e e i
2
Sra0 ey ey ii
2
Sra0 e
e h
2
Sra0 eh
eh hh
2
Sra0 o o u
2
Sra0 ou ou uu
2
Sra0 ue ue ue
. 2
Sra0 ae ae ee
. 2[
Sra0 he
he he
. 2[
Sra0 ie ie ie
. 2
Sra0 ei ei ee
: 2
Sra0 ae ae
EE
: 2
Sra0 ay ay hy
. 2
Sra0 ao ao oo
. 2
Sra0 aw aw hw
2
Sra0 om om um
2
Sra0 Am Am um
2
Sra0 am am oe(m
2.
Sra0 ah ah ee(h
2.
Sra0 oh oh uh
. 2.
Sra0 eh eh ih
. 2.
Sra0 Ah Ah uh

VI. Independent Vowel
3ndependent vowels are known as @sra0 phn) tue@ (complete vowel becasue they incorporate
both an initial consonant and a vowel. 3n the table below, independent vowel from & to < and &)
to && include an initial @0+@ and are listed in the official dictionary along with other words that
are spelled with an initial . and the e0uivalent vowel. 3ndependent vowel 8 and ( include an
initial @r@ and are listed in the official dictionary along with an initial . and the e0uivalent
vowel. 3ndependent vowel = and ' includes an initial @l@ and are listed in the official dictionary
along with an initial consonant . . (%uffman, &'()

3ndependent
#owels
5ame of
3ndependent
#owels
#alue of
3ndependent
#owels
.
sra0 e 0e
sra0 ey 0ey
|
sra0 o 0o
+
sra0 ao 0ao
s
sra0 ew 0ew
sra0 rhk rhk
sra0 rhh rhh

.
sra0 lhk lhk
.
sra0 lhh lhh
t
sra0 ae qae
.
sra0 ay qay

VII. Diacritic (%uffman, &'()
&. The Banta0 . ( >
"iacritic Banta0 occurs on the top of the final consonant of a syllable and it is used to shorten
the vowel of that syllable. ,ll Khmer consonant there is an inherent vowel. The inherent vowel
for first series consonant is @AA@ and second consonant is @OO@.
a. 3n a syllable with invisible vowe, banta0 signalls the short inherent vowel. /roe2ample,
vowel @AA@ change to @A@ after afirst series consoant, and @OO@ change to @u@ or @u(e@
after the second series consonant.
b. The vowel ( + @aa@ followed by the Banta0 ( will pronounced shorter @a@ after the
first series consoant and after the second series consonant, vowel ( + @aa@ is
pronounced @o(e@ or @e(e@.
9. Treysap ... (
Treysap is used to convert four of the first series consonants . and . which have no
second series counterpart to the second series consonant . and . .
:. !ousekatoan .. ( A
a. !ousekatoan is used to convert si2 of the second series consonants i . . and .
which has no second series counterparts to first series consonants i . . and .
.
b. !ousekatoan is used to convert a first series consonant to and from which has
the conterpart in the second series . .
;. Sanyok+sanha .... (
a. Sanyok+sanha has the same value as the (+ . 3t is used in a certain words which
borrowed from .ali or Sakrit. 1sually, if the final consonant is silent, the words can be
spelled with different way.
b. 3f the sanyok+sanha plus a final , it is pronounced (ai in the first series and (ei in the
second series.
c. 3f the s sanyok+sanha plus a final ( . @r@, it is pronouced ( oa.
<. Bobaat .. (
Bobaat is the refle2 of an origanal @r@ in Sanskrit words.
a. 3n most words, when the (robaat occurs over a final cononant, both the consonant and
the robaat are not pronounced.
b. 3n some cases, the effect of the robaat is to change the vowel@OO@ to @Oe@.
c. -hen the robaat appears over a medial consoant, the robaat is pronouced.
VIII. Punctuation (%uffman, &'()
&. Khan (
This is Cambodian full stop. 3t occurs less fre0uently than the full stop in ?nglish. 3t can be
at the end of a single sentence or several sentences dealing with a single topic.
9. baariyaosaan ( l
baariyaosaan is a full stop that marks the the entire end of a chapter or an entire te2t.
:. $a0 (.
$a0 is used to indicate et cetera.
;. $eiktoo (
$eiktoo is used to indicate that the word or phrase after which it occurs is to be repeated.
The 33 consonants are divided into two series: First series and Second series

Note:
The green consonants are the first series consonants and the blue
consonants are the second series consonants.
All Khmer consonant, there is an inherent vowel. The inherent vowel for the
first series consonant is (. @AA@ and the second series consonant is (.
@OO@.
!ach "ambodian consonants has a sub#consonant version, e$ce%t the
consonant & & which has no sub#consonant.
"onsonant &. & has two sub#consonants. 'ou will find the uses of each
sub#consonant in the sub#consonant.
(hen two consonants are %ronounced consecutivel) within a word, the
second consonant is written in a s%ecial sub#consonant form below the first
consonant. There is a lin* to "ambodian sub#consonants below.
The first series consonants & & and && have the same %ronunciation. The
words that are borrowed from Sans*rit are more often used with
consonant . 'ou can loo* at the e$am%le of this word b) clic*ing on the
consonant in the chart above.
The second series consonants&. & and &+& have the same %ronunciation.
The consonant &+& is rarel) used. 'ou can loo* at the e$am%le of this word
b) clic*ing on the consonant in the consonant chart above.
There are some diacritics that are used to change the first series consonant
to the second series and vice versa.
"ambodian has a great variet) of attractive and artistic st)les. The
"ambodian round st)le letters are generall) used for titles, %ro%er names
and inscri%tions on signs and %ublic buildings.
Sub-consonants
The :: sub+consonants are divided into two series6 /irst series and Second series.

5ote6
o -hen two consonants are pronounced consecutively within a word, the second consonant
is written in a special sub+consonant from below the first consonant.
o The sub+consonants are called (ceeN) of consonant Aconsonant feetA.
o The form of sub+consonant in most cases a smaller version of consonant, but without the
top part of consonant which is called (sAq) (hair of consonant.
o The combination of consonant and the sub+consonant is called (pcieN domruet).
o 3nitial clusters are called ( pcun) cnee)q psAm )
o !edial clusters are called (pcun) cnee) q pn)ae ceeN )
o The sub+consonants are used as initial clusters and medial clusters.
o -hen there is a consonant cluster, (including both an initial consonant and its sub+
consonant, the vowel symbols are written around the consonant cluster (either before,
above, or after the consonant cluster, and in some cases a combination of these. 3n all
cases, however, the vowel is pronounced after the consonant cluster.
C,!B7"3,5 B715" STC$? $?TT?BS
The Cambodian alphabet has a great variety of attractive and artistic styles. Shown above
are the Cambodian letters in Around styleA which are generally used for titles, proper names and
inscriptions on signs and public buildings. The term used by the general public for this style of
script is "qaqsAA chlaq".
"iacritic Banta0 . ( >
"iacritic Banta0 occurs on the top of the final consonant of a syllable and it is used to
shorten the vowel of that syllable. ,ll Khmer consonant there is an inherent vowel. The
inherent vowel for first series consonant is @AA@ and the second series consonant is @OO@.
a. 3n a syllable with invisible vowel, banta0 is used to shorten the inherent vowel.
/roe2ample, the inherent vowel @AA@ changes to @A@ after the afirst series consonant,
and the inherent vowel @OO@ changes to @u@ or @u(e@ after the second series consonant.
?2ample
-od 5o Banta0 -ord -ith Banta0
.
sAAk to shed the skin
.
sAk hair
cAAp hoe

cAp to finish
kAAk to free4

kAk to deposit
i
kAAN circle
i
kAN bicycle
bAAk to peel

bAk to blow
.
lOOp fish trap
.
lup bird trap
.
lOOk to channel
.
lu(ek to sell
b. The vowel ( + @aa@ followed by the Banta0 ( will pronounced shorter @a@ after the
first series consoant and after the second series consonant, vowel ( + @aa@ is pronounced @o(e@
or @e(e@
?2ample
-od 5o Banta0 -ord -ith Banta0
laap cable

lap to chop
caap bird

cap
to grab or to
arrest
.
khaat
to lose
(something
.
khat to polish
.
mien to be rich
.
mo(en chicken
.
pie0 word
.
pe(e0 to wear
.
kiet to wrap around
.
ko(et he
"iacritic Treysap ... ( and Kbies Kroam (
Treysap and Kbies Kroam are used to convert four of the first series consonants .
and . which have no second series counterpart to the second series consonant . and .
, so that the vowel used with this consonant are pronounced with the second series value.
?2ample6
-ords -ithout Treysap -ord -ith Treysap or Kbies Kroam
.
sap to pump air
.
sOp deeply
.
sey
.
.
sii
..
hao fortune teller
.
hoo shout
.
bot children
.
but
name of yellow
gem
. or
.
0ey or 0wey what
.
0ii e2clamatory

5ote6
ATreysapA and Akbies kraomA are used to transform first series consonants into second series
consonants when these consonants are used with the following vowels . .
kbies kraom A A is used in lieu of Treysap when consonants are used with the following
vowels6A A , while ATreysapA is used consonants are used with the following vowels6 A
. A.
"iacritic !ousekatoan .. ( A
a. !ousekatoan is used to convert si2 of the second series consonants i . . and .
which has no second series counterparts to first series consonants i . . and .
.
b. !ousekatoan is used to convert a first series consonant to and from which has
the conterpart in the second series . .
c. Kbies kraom A A is used in lieu of mousekatoan when consonants are used with the
following wovels6A A .
?2ample6

-ords -ithout !ousekatoan -ord -ith !ousekatoan
i
Nie title
i
Naa
sound of baby
cry
.
n)oe(m hammer
.
n)am eat
.
bon festival
..
ponmaan
how (much or
(many
:
mOmEE
the year of
horse
:
mae mother
i
yieN
go (royal
vocabulary
i
yaaN kind
:.
rEE (no meaning
:.
rae mineral
.
wie to fight
.i.i
wouNwaN boast
"iacritic Sanyok Sanha .... (

a. Sanyok+sanha has the same value as the (+ . 3t is used in a certain words which
borrowed from .ali or Sakrit. 1sually, if the final consonant is silent, the words can be
spelled with different way.
b. 3f the sanyok+sanha plus a final , it is pronounced (ai in the first series and (ei in the
second series.
c. 3f the s sanyok+sanha plus a final ( . @r@, it is pronouced ( oa.
?2ample6
-ords -ithout Treysap -ord -ith Sanyok+san)a
.
sa0 rank
.
sa0 rank
.
tOOp (no meaning
.
toap !ilitary
.i
wieN detour
.i
.i
waN royal palcace
.
sa0mOy
do not have
meaning
.
sa0mai modern
:.
cOO emboidery
:.
coa plastic, gum
..
tumpOO (no meaning
..
tumpoa page
"iacritic Bobaat .. (
Bobaat is the refle2 of an origanal @r@ in Sanskrit words.
a. 3n most words, when the (robaat occurs over a final consonant, both consonant and the
robaat is not pronounced.
b. 3n some cases, the effect of robaat is to change the vowel@OO@ to @Oe@.
c. -hen robaat appears over a medial consonant, it is pronouced.
?2ample6

-ords -ithout Bobaat -ord -ith Bobaat
miekie (no meaning miekie path
. bAAribou (no meaning .. bAAribou plenty
. thOOm (no meaning . thOer dhama
..i 0AAtkambaN (no meaning ..i 0AAtkambaN mistry
... pOOt mien (no meaning ... pOe dAA mien
5ews or
3nformation
&. /ull and .artial Beduplication Sign $eiktoo (

$eiktoo is used to indicate that the word or phrase after which it occurs is to be repeated.

-ords -ithout $eiktoo -ord -ith $eiktoo
.i
kmeiN kid
.i
kmeiN kmeiN kids
.
touc small
.
touc touc very small
.
cah old
.
cah cah very old

5ote6 the words (.. means others in ?nglish is not allowed you to leiktoo.

9. .unctuation Khan (

This is Cambodian full stop. 3t occurs less fre0uently than the full stop in ?nglish. 3t can be
at the end of a single sentence or several sentences dealing with a single topic.

:. .unctuation Baariyaosaan ( l

baariyaosaan is a full stop that marks the the entire end of a chapter or an entire te2t.

;. .unctuation $a0 (.

$a0 is used to indicate et cetera.
The Cambodian vowel may consist of one or a combination of elements written before, above,
below, or after the initial consonant. There are 9; vowels in Khmer. Since the abstract vowel
(AA is embedded in a consonant, there are only 9: vowels shown in the table below. The
pronunciation of a vowel in Khmer is determined by the series of the initial consonant that it
accompanies. Click on the vowels to listen to the pronunciation of them and practice with the
consonants.
Vowel Positions

......
3ndependent #owels

5ote6
3ndependent vowels are known as @sra0 phn) tue@ (complete vowel because they incorporate
both an initial consonant and a vowel. 3ndependent vowels . | s t . and +
include an initial @0+@ and are listed in the official dictionary along with other words that are
spelled with an initial . and the e0uivalent vowel.
3ndependent vowel and include an initial @r@ and are listed in the official dictionary
along with an initial . and the e0uivalent vowel.
3ndependent vowel . and . includes an initial @l@ and are listed in the official
dictionary along with an initial consonant ..
.i..[...:.
.i..[...:.

1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
0
Note:
Cambodian numeral system based on five. /rom 8 to ' is form by < D &, < D 9, <D:, and <D;.
5umber ( is pronouced (prampii) in reading or formal speechE in mormal speech it
pronounced (pramphl).
.i..[...:.
Kmer !rdinal Number

5umber Khmer
.. soun (0)
muey (1)
.. pii (2)
.
bey (3)
t
. buen (4)
r
. pram (5)
.
. pram-muey (6)
... pram-pii (7)

c
. pram-bey (8)
.. pram-buen (9)
dAp (10)
dAp muey (11)
: mephhy (20)
: mephhy muey (21)

.
.. saamsep (30)
.
..saamsep muey (31)
t
:.. saesep (40)
t
:.. saesep muey (41)
r
. haasep (50)
r
. haasep muey (51)
.
. hoksep (60)
.
. hoksep muey (61)
.. cetsep (70)
.. cetsep muey (71)

c
:.. paetsep (80)
c
:.. paetsep muey (81)
.. kasep (90)
.. kasep muey (91)
. muey rOOy (100)
. muey rOOy muey (101)

!
.. muey po(en(1"000)
!
. muey mehn (10"000)
!
:.. muey saen (100"000)
!!
.. muey #ien (1"000"000)

Note:
Cambodian numeral system based on five. /rom 8 to ' is form by < D &, < D 9, <D:, and <D;!
5umber ( is pronouced (prampii) in reading or formal speechE in mormal speech it pronounced
(pramph#)!
&),))) (muey mehn ) also can be counted as (dAp po(en)!
&)),))) (muey saen ) can be counted as ( dAp mehn) or (muey rOOy po(en)
/rom &&+&' the numbers are pronounced in two different forms, the written and a collo0uial.
3n Cambodian numerals involving four or more symbols, a period is placed after every three
symbols, counting from the right.
.i..[...:.
Kmer Cardinal Number
The partical " " is used to place in front of ordinal number in order to change the
ordinal numver to Khmer cardinal number.
?2ample6

5umber 7rdinal 5umber Cardinal 5umber
muey (1) tii muey (1st)
.. pii (2) .. tii pii (2nd)

.
bey (3) tii bey (3nd)
t
. buen (4) . tii buen (4th)
r
. pram (5) . tii pram (5th)
Note:
5umber ( is pronouced (prampii) in reading or formal speechE in mormal speech it
pronounced (pramphl).
&),))) (muey mehn ) also can be counted as (dAp po(en).
.i..[...:.
Spo"en Kmer Number #rom $$ to $%


5um Khmer -ritten .ronunciation Collo0uial
dAp muey muey dAndAp

.. dAp pii pii dAndAp
.
dAp bey bey dAndAp
t
. dAp buen buen dAndAp
r
. dAp pram pram dAndAp
.
.dAppram muey pram muey dAndAp
... dAp pram pii pramphl dAndAp

c
. dAp pram bey pram bey dAndAp
.. dAp pram buen pram buen dAndAp

Note:
5umber ( is pronouced (prampii) in reading or formal speechE in mormal speech it pronounced
(pramphl).
&),))) (muey mehn ) also can be counted as (dAp po(en).
C,!B7"3,5 C1BB?5CC
Cambodian has its own currency.
..
NOTES
..[. ..[. r ..[. . ..[.
. ..[. r. ..[. . ..[.
. ..[
.
r. ..[
.
. ..[.

..[.
i i.
..[.
i i.
..[.
i i.
. ..[.
i i.
. ..[.
i i.
r. ..[.
i i.
. ..[.
i i.
. ..[.
i i.
r. ..[.
i i.
. ..[.
i i.
Unit 1
.ronoun Khmer
-ord Substitute
.ronoun
3., %ow to use
3

kn)om Befer to yourself

.. $An)
3t can be only used with very close friend.
7therwise is an impolite word + too informal
and agressive.
you .
. ne(e$
,ddress to people who is appro2imately at
the same age (Cou.
i bAAN
,ddress someone who is appro2imately at
the same age or older. (older brother or
sister.
.. #ook ,ddress to some one in a formal used (!r..
she .i
.i nieN
Feneral use, address by older lady to
younger lady
. kan)n)aa
,ddress to young unmarried lady in a formal
used (!iss.
..i.
ne(e$ nieN
kan)n)aa
,ddress to young unmarried lady. /or
formal used (!iss..
i. bAAN srey
,ddress to someone who is appro2imately
at the same age or older than you ( older
sister.
..
p$oun
srey
,ddress to someone who is younger than
you (younger sister.
... #ook srey
,ddress to some one in a formal used
(!rs..
i miiN
,ddress to someone who is older than you
(aunt.
.. $um srey
,ddress to someone who is much older than
you ( great aunt.
..:.
#ook
cumtie
,ddress to a high status lady in a
respectful maner and in formal used (%er
?2cellency.
he

. ko(et ,ddress to all adults.

. ne(e$ Commonly use. 3t refer to all adults.

i bAAN
Befer to someone who is appro2imately at
the same age or older than you (brother

i.
bAAN
proh
Befer to someone who is appro2imately at
the same age or older than you (brother

. puu
Befer to someone who is older than you
(1ncle

.. $um proh
Befer to someone who is much older than
you (1ncle

.. #ook !r. commonly use.

t|.
$ae$
$utdom
%is ?2cellency, Befer to a high status
gentleman and 3t is a formal use.

..t|.
#ook $ae$
$utdom
,ddress to a high status gentleman in a
respectful maner and it is a formal used
(%is ?2cellency.
it

. ie
Befer to children.
Befer to animal.
address to people but in a non face+to+face.
we

.i yeeN
..i
pue$
yeeN
Commonly use for (we.
, group of people.
they

.. pue$ kee
..i..
pue$ kee
te(eN $Ah
,group of people. (they.
, group of people (They all
5ote6
%n &hmer tradition" %t is important to address peop#e by usin' the tit#es or ord that sustitute
pronounce in the tab#e abo(e at the (ery be'inin' o) the con(erstation! *he addressin' ords
shou#d be at the be'innin' or end o) phrase! +ecause these ords cou#d e,press the respect o)
the speaker to the #isteners! -or e,amp#e" in the 'reetin' phrase ./o are you0." it ou#d be
more po#ite to say ./o are you bAAN 0 1cuum riep sue bAAN2. or .bAAN ho are you01 bAAN cuum
riep sue 2.!
%n &hmer" peop#e use tit#es such as ord #ike 3r!" 3rs! and 3iss much more than in 4merica"
hen speakin' to peop#e o) the same a'e and socia# status! %t is customary to use the tit#e (#ook)
in )ront o) the )irst name o) the person to ho you are speakin'! %n )orma# situations the )irst and
#ast names are used" preceded by the ords 3r! (#ook)" 3rs!" (#ook srey)" or 3iss (kan)n)aa)!
%n &hmer the )ami#y name come )irst and the 'i(en name or )irst name comes #ast un#ike in
5n'#ish! %n speakin' to 5uropeans the &hmer o)ten use the tit#e #ook ith the )irst name o) the
person bein' addressed! *hus i) your name is 6au# /enry" you mi'ht be ca##ed #ook 6au# or #ook
6au# /enry! +ut it ou#d not seem $uite natura# )or 7ambodian to ca## 6au# a#one!
$esson &6 Freeting .hrases and .olite Besponses
...[.
... .i ....

%n this #esson you i## #earn ho to 'reet peop#e proper#y accordin' to their 'enders and a'es in a
po#ite ay!
$isten to the Freeting below
Freeting Besponse by a man
:...
.
:...
cum riep sue /e##o
baat cum
riep sue
/e##o
Freeting, young to the old person Besponse by the older person
:...
...
.
:...
cum riep sue
#ook $um
/e##o
baat cum
riep sue
/e##o
Freeting, young to very old man Besponse by old person
:... ..:..
...
cum riep sue
#ook taa
/e##o
#eek-day thay-
pre(eh
/e##o
Freeting Besponse by a man
.. . ..
sue sdey /e##o
baat sue
sdey
/e##o
Freeting Besponse by a lady
:...
.
:...
cum riep sue /e##o
caa cum
riep sue
/e##o
Freeting from the same age Besponse by a lady same age
.. . ..
sue sdey /e##o
caah sue
sdey
/e##o
$esson 96

!eeting /riend
on the Street
...[. :.:.:.

3n this lesson you will learn how to greet in a traditional way. Gohn and Sok are friends.
Gohn meets sok on the street, when he is on his way to te market and Gohn invites Sok to the
market with him.
$isten to the -hole Conversation
... 6 ..i . H
... 6 .... ::. ....:. H
... 6 .:,. .. .....
... 6 .

Khmer Aid to +istening !nglish
..i . H thw naa nhN sok ?
Where are you
going ok ?
.... ::.
....:. H
thw noh muey plEEt.
!oh thw naa "ohn
dae?
# am going o$er
there %or a
moment. &nd what
about you' "ohn?
.:,.
..
.....
thw psaa. brOn)ap
bante!. (ie sen
haey naa.
go to the market. #
am in a hurry. )ye
bye now.
. )aat *es
5ote6
3n spoken, the sub*ect of a sentence sometime is not as important as in ?nglish. /or
e2ample6
Spoken $anguage /ull Sentence
.... ::. .... ::.
.:,. .:,.
.. ..
..... .....
The greeting phrase A..i . HA is very common in spoken Khmer. This greeting is a
short form of A......... H A which is formal.
The particle A. A in greeting phrase A..i . H A is an interrogative ad*ective. 3t
is used to form a 0uestion re0uiring specific information. The full form of particle A.A in
the interrogative ad*ective is At. A.
.hrase A..... A is a short form of phrase A.....A
The particle A. A in phrase A.....A is a final hortatory particle. 3t is used at
the end of imperative sentences to soften the command or to solicit compliance. Cou can
learn how learn how to use A.A in the grammar page in this unit.
$esson :6 !eeting 7ld /riend
...[..
:..

3n this lesson you will learn how greet friend who has not met for a long time.
.. :.
.. .
....
. ..:.
i.. H
.. :.
.... .. H
....
..

Khmer Aid to Listening English
.. . sue sdey sokha Hello or Hi Sokha.
. ..:.
i.. H
caah sue sdey, Paul. yang
meich haey ?
Hello or Hi, Paul. How is
everyhing?
.... .. H qA qii ee. coh sokha ! am "ine ( ! am o.k), and Sokha?
.. ho(emmedaa #s usual
5ote6
The phrase (.... is literally means (5othing or (5othing wrong
The 0uestion (i.. H is a short form of 0uestion (.i.. H
The response partical . (caah) by women is a polite acknowledgment of aprevious
utterance speech by other speakers, whether the previous utterance was a statement or a
0uestion. /ollowing a 0uestion, the occurrence of a response particle as the sole constituent
of the response implies affirmation.
, negative reply is indecated by a response particle followed by the negative final particle .
(.. or by . alone.
3n e2change between e0uals, response particles tend to be dis continued after theinitial
e2changes.
The e2change between a superior and an inferior, resonse particles tend to be used through
the e2change by the inferior, but may be discontinued or not used at all by the superior
party in the e2change.
Besponse particles usually occur with a falling intonational countour.
$esson ;6

Back from -ork in the .rovince
...[.t
........
..... ..,. ..
.. .. . .., ... ..
.....
. .., :....:.:.
.. .. ..i:.

..,. .. H sok sabaay cie ee SAn? How are you Sorn ?
. ..,
... .. H
baa, sok sabaay. coh
hiidaa when) ?
$es, ! am "ine. %ha
abou you (name)
. ..,
:....:.:.
caah sok sabaay. ponae
rOwu(el maen aen.
$es, ! am "ine bu very
busy.
..i:.
kn)om &AA qan)ceN dae. So am !.
5ote6
The 0uestion (... .. consists of particles (. and (.. . The 0uestion can be
shorten as (...
.article (. is an inter*ection. 3t occurs with a constrastive function before 0uestions
which shift attention to a second person.
(.. is a constrastive particle, which means Aback againA, on the other hand, in a reverse
direction. Cou can see more e2ample in lesson <.
The response partical . (caah) by women and . (baa) by man are polite
acknowledgment of aprevious utterance speech by other speakers, whether the previous
utterance was a statement or a 0uestion. /ollowing a 0uestion, the occurrence of a response
particle as the sole constituent of the response implies affirmation.
, negative reply is indecated by a response particle followed by the negative final particle .
(.. and (.. or by . alone.
3n e2change between e0uals, response particles tend to be dis continued after theinitial
e2changes.
The e2change between a superior and an inferior, resonse particles tend to be used through
the e2change by the inferior, but may be discontinued or not used at all by the superior
party in the e2change.
Besponse particles usually occur with a falling intonational countour.
$esson <6 #isiting Frand /ather in the #illage
...[.r
...i...:

Sok visied his grand "aher in a village. !n his conversaion, you will learn how o gree older
people in an in"ormal way.
. :... ...
.. ..:..
.
..,. .
..
. .., .. ..
. ...,
..
......i .
. . ...

:... ... cum riep sue aa ? Hello grand "aher ?
..:.. leeq day hwaay pre(eh. Pray o 'od.
..,. . H
sok sabaay ee aa ?
How are you doing grand
"aher?
. ..,
.. H
baa, sok sabaay. coh
caw.
$es ! am "ine and wha
abou you, grand child?
..., baa, sok sabaay. $es ! am "ine.
......i .
soum qan)ceen) qANkuy
caw.
Please ake a sea grand
child.
. ... baa qAA kun. $es, hank you
5ote6
The phrase (..:.. is commonly used to address by the old person to the young
one.
$esson 86 !eeting at the 7ffice
...[.. :....
.. :. :... ..
....i
. :... ...
.....:.
.. :. . i:.. ..i
....i
. ..i ...
......:. H
.. :.
. ... :.
....i .,... :...:..
.. :. ..i:.

:... .. cum riep sue #ook /e##o sir!
.:... ...
.....:.
baat cum riep sue!
somtoh #ook mien kaa
$ey dae0
/e##o sir! 5,cuse
me" hat can % do )or
you0
. i:.. ..i
baat kn)om cAN cuep
#ook sAmnaaN
8es" % ou#d #ike to see
3r! 9amnan'!
...i...
......:. H
baat kn)om khh samnaN!
somtoh #ook chmuh $ey
dae
8es" % am 9amnan'!
5,cuse me" hat is
your name0
. ... :. H
baat kn)om chmuh 6au# 8es" % am 6au#!
.,...
:...:..
kn)om sabaay cet nah
dae# baan cuep #ook!
% am (ery happy to see
you!
..i:. kn)om kAA $an)ceN dae 9o am %!
This is a list of all the words and expressions used in this unit. It is for reference only, but you should know
all of these before going on to the next unit. You may print it out to study at home.
Cambodian Transcription ?nglish
... kom rumlik qey on!t mention it.
....:..
kn)om mhn ceh niyiey khmae tee. I don!t speak "hmer.
.. kmien pan)ha #o problem.
. caah Yes (for woman)
. cambac #ecessary
::.
:.:
cueb knie tNay kraoy (or) tNay
kraoy cueb knie
$ee you other day.
:.... cueb knie peel kraoy $ee you next time.
:.. cum riep lie %ood bye (&ery polite)
:... cum riep sue 'ello (&ery polite)
:. pie saa (anguage
.... taam som ruel Take it easy.
... trew haey That!s right.
. bat Yes (for man)
... mien kaa qey )hat can I help you*
...[i. ?
mien rheN qey * )hat is the matter*
... ?
mien pan)ha qey * )hat is the problem*
.... mhn trew tee That!s not correct.
....
mhn sruel kluen tee #ot fine.
... mhn qey tee #e&er mind
:. mEEn +f course
. yu)el ,nderstand
. lqAA %ood
... lqAA nah -ery good
.... lie sin haey $ee you later
.. look .r. (formal)
... look srey .rs. (formal)
........ ?
look qan)ceen) thw naa * )here are you going*
..... ?
look teep mOOk pii naa * )here ha&e you been*
...... ?
look mien koun ponmaan* 'ow many childrend do you ha&e*
...... ?
look mien qaayuq ponmaan * 'ow old are you*
...... ?
look mOOk pii prAteeh naa* )here are you from*
.....:.i.?
look snak nhw kAnlaeN naa* where do you stay*
.., sok sabaay I am fine
..,:. *
sok sabaay cie tee 'ow are you* (/re you well*)
.:.. sokaphiep lqAA %ood health
..,.:.
sok sabaay tam plew 'a&e a good trip
... soum swaakum )elcome
... soum tooh sorry and excuse me
......i
soum qan)ceen) qANkuy 0lease sit down
........i soum qan)ceen) coul leeN 0lease come in
.. sue sdey 'ello (for friend)
..i. sam naaN lqAA %ood luck
... qAA kun Thank you
..... qAb qAA saa tOO 1ongratulation
.... qAt qey tee #othing (ne&er mind)
. niyiey $peak
..... qaa run sue sdey %ood morning
... ti wie sue sdey %ood afternoon
.... saay yo(en sue sdey %ood e&ening
.... rie trey sue sdey %ood night

3. .ersonal .ronouns6
,. /irst .erson,
B. Second .erson,
C. Third .erson
33. 3ntonation6
,. Statement,
B. Iuestion
C. Iuestion .article ( (ae) ..
333. Iuestion and ,nswer6
,. Iuestion Be0uesting for Specific in
/ormation (-here . and (-hat .
(3nformal or Spoken . (/ormal
B. Iuestion Be0uiring Ces (. or 5o (. ,nswer
C. Besposne .articles6 Ces . (!an . (-oman
3. .ersonal .ronouns
7ne of the most difficult problems in Khmer for a foreign student is the choice of
appropriate pronouns, because they are conte2t oriented. /or e2ample the personal pronoun
are determined by the status of the speakers to the addressee. Thus there are no general
pronouns such as AyouA which are appropriate for all situation. The tables below provide the
commonest Khmer personal pronoun and their e2planation6
,. /irst .erson
Singular
Khmer 3., %ow to use
kn)om
! is a polie pronounce, used o address o he elder and same age
person. A3A
.
kn)om baa
(his pronounce is used he same way as " ". A3A
knie ! is a polie word, used o address o he same age person. A3A

..
qan) ! is an impolie word, used o address o unrespecable person.
Someime, i can be used wih closed "riend bu i is very sensiive. !
would sugges no o use his pronounce. A3A
?2ample6
Khmer ?nglish
.....[.
! go o school
...:,. .i.:,.:
! walk o he marke,
)o you wan o go wih me Sok?

.lural
.i
yeeN
! is a polie pronounce, used o address wih he elder, younger and
he same age people. A-eA
.i
yeeN kn)om
(his pronounce is used he same as pronounce ".i". A-eA
..i
pueq yeeN
.
pueq knie
?2ample6
Khmer English
.ii..[.:.
%e wan o sudy &hmer.
.i:...,
%e are sudens.
..i..[.:.:...
%e sudy &hmer wih eacher Sam.

B. Second .erson
Singular
..
look
! is a polie masculine pronounce, used o address o he elder,
younger or he in"erior o he superior in a "ormal siuaion. ACouA or
A!r.A
...
look srey
! is a polie "eminine pronounce, used o address o he elder,
younger or he in"erior o he superior in a "ormal siuaion. ACouA or
A!rs.A
.
ne(eq #ddress o people who is appro*imaely a he same age ($ou).
ti
qaeN ! is an impolie pronounce, used o address o he younger. ACouA
Example:
Khmer English
..i..... )o you wan o ea noodle soup?
......t. %here do you say?
..... %ha is your name?

.lural
....
qAh look
! is a polie masculine pronounce, used o address o he elder,
younger or he in"erior o he superior in a "ormal siuaion. ACou allA
or A!r. allA
...
qAh ne(eq
! is a pronounce ha is used o address o a group o" appro*imaely
he same age people. ACou allA
Example:
Khmer English
........ %here are you all "rom?
......t. %here do you all say?

C. Third .erson
Singular
.
wie
! is used o address "rom he superior o he in"erior, adul o child,
oherwise insuling, human o animal A3tA
.
ko(e
! is a polie unise* pronounce ha is used o address respec"ully
"rom younger o older, adul o adul. A%e or ShelA
.
kee
! is used o address o people ha we don+ know. A%e, She, 7ne, or
SomeoneA
.i

! is a polie "eminine pronounce ha is used o address respec"ully
"rom he elder o he younger. A%e or ShelA.
Example:
Khmer English
.i...... %here is his kid come "rom?
...[.:...... # wha school does he or she sudy &hmer?
.i.. %here is he or she wan o go?
.i..........:. %ha does she do "or a living in ,ambodia?

.lural
..
pueq wie
! is used o address "rom he superior o a group in"erior, adul o a
group o" children, or human o a group o" animal AThey allA
..
pueq ko(e
! is used o address o a group o" he same age people or o a group
o" older people. AThey allA
..
pueq kee ! is used o address o a group o" unknown people. AThey allA
..i
pueq nieN
is used o address "rom he older people o a group o" young
"eminine. AThey allA
?2ample6
Khmer English
:.....i......i .....
....
(oday, here are many children in his park.
where are hey all "rom.
....[.:...... # wha school do hey sudy &hmer?
..i.. %here do hey wan o go?
..i.......:. %ha do hey do "or a living in ,ambodia?

Note:
,ambodian has a much lager number o" pronouns han -nglish. !n ,ambodian pronoun re"lec
gender, relaive age, and social saus.

33. 3ntonation6 Statement, Iuestion and Iuestion .article
,. The Statement
Saemens are normally accompanied by a "alling conour on he las words o" he senence, "or
e*ample.
Khmer ?nglish
..,:.
! am quie well.

/ising conour may also occur a he end o" saemens. !n his case, he saemen seems o be
obvious, "or e*ample.

Khmer ?nglish
..,:.
! am "ine 0o" course1

B. The Question
2uesions are usually accompanied by rising conour on he las words o" he senence. (he
rising conour quesion re"lecs de"erence, polieness and "ormaliy, "or e*ample.

Khmer ?nglish
........ %here are you going, Sir?

C. The Question arti!le " Tae# ..
(he quesion paricle (..) are always occurs a he beginning o" an inerrogaive clause in "ormal
quesions. %hen he quesion paricle (..) is used, i signal he "ac ha a quesion "ollows and he
rising and "alling inonaion o" quesion is no necessary.
$or example:
Khmer ?nglish
........ %here are you going, Sir?
.......... %here are you going, Sir?

333. Iuestions and ,nswers6
2uesions are "ormed in hree ways in ,ambodian, quesion requesing speci"ic in"ormaion,
quesion requiring a yes or now answer and he quesion ha occur wihou quesion paricle or
quesion words.
,. Iuestions Be0uesting Specific 3nformation.
2uesions requesing speci"ic in"ormaion require a quesion words "or e*ample. 2uesion words.
Where . (naa ) , What . ( qey) or . (qwey)

Iuestion ,nswer
..i . (rans
.... ::.
(rans
........ (rans
...
(rans
.....:.
(rans
i:.. ..i
(rans
..... (rans
... :.
(rans

B. Iuestions Be0uiring Ces or 5o ,nswer6
2uesion requiring yes3 or3no answer require a "inal quesion paricle . (ee) . (he "ull "orm
o" paricle (ee) is . (rhh ee) .

Iuestion ,nswer
...., . or . ..,.
....., .
. ..,.
C. Besponse .articles6 Ces . (baa) . (caah)
(he "uncion o" he response paricles . (a respond by men) and . (a respond by women) is
a polie acknowledgmen o" a previous uerance speech by oher speakers, wheher he previous
uerance was a saemen or a quesion. 4ollowing a quesion, he occurrence o" a response
paricle as he sole consiuen o" he response implied a""irmaion.
# negaive reply is indecaed by a response paricle "ollowed by he negaive "inal paricle . or
by . alone.
!n e*change beween equals, response paricles end o be disconinued a"er he iniial
e*changes.
(he e*change beween a superior and an in"erior, response paricles end o be used hrough he
e*change by he in"erior, bu may be disconinued or no used a all by he superior pary in he
e*change.
/esponse paricles usually occur wih a "alling inonaion conour.
-*ample.
Khmer /esponse by women /esponse by men
....,.
. .
......[.. . ..
(radiionally &hmer people have many "orms o" greeing one anoher. (he "ollowing are he
e*planaion o" how use hose greeing "orms.
%. &miling
Smiling is a "orm o" greeing "or ,ambodia radiion. 4or poeple who work ogeher, smiling o
each oher a he "irs meeing o" he working day is considered as greeing.
'. Question: "......i (# "... mOO) pii naa nhN (#
!n -nglish means ( %here have you been?) (his greeing quesion does no sound polie in %esern
culure, bu i is very common and "riendly in &hmer.
*. Question: "... ..i (# "... taw naa nhN ( #
!n -nglish means "%here are you going?" (his quesion does no sound polie in %esern culure,
bu i is very "riendly and common which is always used "or he greeing in &hmer culure. !n his
quesion "orm o" greeing, learners mus add he pronoun e*plan in he lesson %ow to address
.eople (.ronoun
+. Question: "... i.. (# "... yang mei!h haey (#
!n -nglish means " How is i going" or "%ha+s up". (his is a greeing quesion which is o"en used
beween close"riends, or "rom he elder o he younger poeple.
,. -reeting )inships
5os o"en, i" younger people mee he elder people who hey know well, "or e*ample, "amily
members, relaives, neighbours, eacher and so on, hey use he erm o" kinships o gree he elders.
(hose words are inroduced in lesson on %ow to address .eople (.ronoun
.. :... "Chum rieb sue#
(he greeing ( :... ) is quie "ormal "orm. %e usually say ( :... ) o
'reeing people when we mee hem he "irs ime.
'reeing older people when we visi hem.
'reeing he eacher or someone who is highly respeced.
'reeing 4oreigners.
(he older people rarely say :... o children or younger kids. (he words should no be used
every ime you see each oher a he work place. !n case o" regular meeing a he o""ice, people use
he smilling greeing insead o" he words :....
6sually he :... come wih he 7oin hands guesure as shown on he picure abou. (ha is he
way o" greeing he elder in he &hmer culure. However, we do no 7oin hands o gree venders in
he marke even i" hey are olders.
8. ..,. ( or ..,:. ( "so) sabay tee( # or " so) sabay !hie tee(
!n -gnlish means "How are you?" (he "orm ..,. ( is quie "ormal also. %e do no use his
"orm "or every day meeing a he o""ice as in -nglish ( How are you). People use he smilling
greeing insead o" he words ..,. (.
'reeing..,. ( is used also a"er a long absence.
!n &hmer, people use iles such as word like 5r., 5rs. and 5iss much more han in #merica, when
speaking o people o" he same age and social saus. ! is cusomary o use he ile (look) in "ron o"
he "irs name o" he person o who you are speaking. !n "ormal siuaions he "irs and las names
are used, preceded by he words 5r. (look), 5rs., (look srey), or 5iss (kan)n)aa).
!n &hmer he "amily name come "irs and he given name or "irs name comes las unlike in -nglish.
!n speaking o -uropeans he &hmer o"en use he ile look wih he "irs name o" he person being
addressed. (hus i" your name is Paul Henry, you migh be called look Paul or look Paul Henry. 9u i
would no seem quie naural "or ,ambodian o call Paul alone.
.B7515C3,T375

3.
.ronunciation 0uestion particle . ($ey) or . ($ey)
A-hatA
33.
Besponse .article for !en . (baat)
ACesA
333.
Besponse .article for -omen . (caah)
ACesA
3#.
.ronunciation for word i (nhN)
ABight nowA
#.
.ronunciation for word ::. (muey p#EEt)
A/or a momentA

3. .ronunciation 0uestion particle . ($ey) or . ($ey) A-hatA
. ($ey) is an in)orma# $uestion partic#e hich is used to $uestionin' in spoken on#y! 7#ick
on the speaker to #isten to the pronunciation!
. ($ey) is the correct $uestion partic#e" it is used both in spoken and ritten! 7#ick on
the speaker to #isten to the pronunciation and practice the ord!
33. Besponse .article for !en . (baat) ACesA
*he po#ite response partic#e )or men . (baat) ACesA has to pronunciation baat or baa!
. (baat) is the correct respond hich is used in ritten and con(ersation! 7#ick on the
speaker to #isten to the pronunciation and practice the ord
. (baa) is used in spoken )orm and in a (ery in)orma# on#y! 7#ick on the speaker to #isten to
the pronunciation and practice the ord!
333. Besponse .article for -omen . (caah) ACesA
*he po#ite response partic#e )or omen . (caah) ACesA has to ritten )orm . (caah)
and . (caah) and to pronunciations! +oth o) them are e$ua##y ha(e the same (a#ue!
7#ick on the speakers to #isten to the pronunciation and practice the ord!
3#. .ronunciation of word i (nhN) ABight nowA
*he ord i is pronounced (nhN)! *he consonant is si#ent! *his ord is reare#y stand a
#one by itse#)! *his ord" usua#y appeared at the end o) a sentence! 7#ick on the speaker
to #isten to the pronunciation and practice the ord!
#. .ronunciation of ::. (muey p#EEt) Aone momentA
:itera##y the phrase ::. (muey p#EEt) is trans#ated as (one )#ash)! 7#ick on the speaker
to #isten to the pronunciation and practice the ord!
%n spoken ::. is pronounced as ::. (maa p#EEt)! 7#ick on the speaker to #isten to
the pronunciation and practice the ord!
Unit 2
$esson &6 .eople in the /amily
...[. ..,i..
. ... .......,...
.
. i....... s. i.
i. .. .. ..i
. i......
.
.....
. ......
.
.:..

... .....
..,.. .
soum ooh, kruesaa look mien
mOnuh ponmaan naq ?
-*cuse me, how many people
are here in your "amily?
. i...... . s
. i. i.
.. .. ..i
baa, e(eN qAh mien pram pii
naq khh qewpuk mdaay kn)om
bANsrey bANproh pqounsrey
pqounproh haey nhN kn)om.
(here are seven people
alogeher. 5y "aher, moher,
an older siser, an older
broher, a younger broher, a
youger siser and mysel".
i... ....
bANsrey look qaayu ponmaan
haey ?
How old is your older siser?
.....
ko(e qaayu mephhy buen
chnam.
She is hiry years old.
...... coh look qaayu ponmaan? #nd how old are you?
.:..
kn)om qaayu saamsep chnam. ! am weny "our years old.
$esson 96 3ntroducing /amily !embers (&
...[. :...:.. (
....
:....
. :... ....
.... ..... .....
.. :... ...
. ........
.... .i......[..
. ..i..
.. . .

:....
cum riep sue soq 'ello $ok.
:.......
cum riep sue $aareet 'ello $aret.
..... .....
nhh khh pqoun srey kn)om cmu(eh
chanthuu.
This is my younger sister whose
name is 1hanthou.
:... ...
cum riep sue look soq 'ello .r. $ok.
........ look qan) ceen) thw naa )here are you going*
.i... ...[..
kn)om nhN t hw n)am baay nhw kien
swaay
I will be going to eat rice at "ien
$way.
..i.. canthuu caN thw tee oes 1hanthou want to go*
. .
caa thw. Yes, I want to go.
$esson :6 3ntroducing /amily !embers (9
...[. . :...:.. (
. David...: s...
David :... .
.... :... ..:...:.
David . .:.:.
.... ...:....:.
David ..[.:.:. ......:...
.... ..i..:.:.:....
David ....

David...: s...
David nih cie qewpuq rObAh
kn)m.
David! "hi# i# m$ %a"h&r.
:... .
cum riep #ue puu '&ll (ncl&.
:... ..:.
cum riep #ue kmue$ mOq dOl
#rq kma& pnmaan ka&
'&ll! n&ph&w hw ln)
hav& b&&n in *ambdia+
..:. hae$ +.
..:.
:.
kn)m mOq dOl #rq kma&
mue$ ka& hae$.
, hav& b&&n in *ambdia
%r a mn"h.
...:....:.
kmue$ "w&& qe$ da& nhw #rq
kma& +
-&ph&w! wha" ar& $u
din) in *ambdia+
..[.:.:.
...... :...
kn)m mOq rien pie#aa kma&
nhw #aakOl wi"$ie la$ pnum
p&&n).
, cam& " *ambdia "
#"ud$ .hm&r a" (niv&r#i"$
% /hnm /&nh.
..i..:.
:.:....
qan) ceN baan cie ni $ie$
pie#aa kma& baan lqAA
0ha" i# wh$ $u #p&ak
v&r$ )d .hm&r.
....
baa" qAAkun. 1&#! "hank $u.
$esson ;6 $ooking for a /riend
...[. t
..
:. ... :.......t.
..
. :.....i..i
:. ....
.. .... ........
:. .............[.......i
..
....:.:...
.:......
:.
. .....

... :.....
soum ooh pe(eh look rii naa
nhw ae naa?
-*cuse me, where is 5r /ian+s
house?
..t.
. :.....i..i
caa pe(eh ii pii nhw khaN
chweiN.
$es, second house on he le".
....
soum qAA kun (hank you.
.... .... .... look sko(el rii naa nhw peil naa? %hen did you know /ina?
........... ..[.
......i
kn)om sko(el look rii naa nhw
prOeih baraN.
! knew 5r. /ina when ! sudied
in 4rance.
....:.:.
.. .:...
...
look rii naa cie pqoun cii doun
muey kn)om. kn)om qaac cuun
look hw baan.
5r. /ina is my cousin. ! can
ake you here.
. .....
baa qAA kun. (hank you.
1seful -ords
Khmer ,id to $istening ?nglish
..
kruesaa family
..,
mOnuh person@persons
...
soum tooh e2cuse me
i..
te(eN qAh all
..i
haey nhN and
.
haey and
.i
nhN and
...
cmu(eh name
....
qan)2ceen) to invite
.
n)am to eat
.
baay cooked rice
..
n)am2baay to eat rice
.
mOq dOl to arrive
mOq to come
:
kae month
..[.
rien to study
:.
piesaa language
....
saa2kOl2wityie2lay university
.
ni2yiey to speak
:.
pte(eh house
..i
chweiN left
..
sko(el. to know
..
ponmaan how manyE how much
s.
qewpuk father

mdaay mother
i.
bANsrey older sister
i.
bANproh older brother
.. pqounsrey younger sister
.. pqounproh younger brother
.
qaayu age
.
chnam year
.:
samaachk member
:..
naeno(em to introduce
kmuey niece or nephwe
.
sroq countryEdistirct
..
prOteih country
..i
baraN /rance
.:.
pqoun cii doun muey cousin

I. rammar !ord " naa# .
;ord (naa) as %nterro'ati(e 6ronoun (here) .!
;ord (naa) as %nterro'ati(e 4d<ecti(e (hich p#ace) .!
;ord (naa) as =e)init 6ronoun (somehere or anyhere) .!
;ord (naa) as =e)init 4d<ecti(e (some p#ace" any p#ace) .!
;ord (naa) as compound ith mu e y (one) and k#ah (some) .
II. !ord Stud$
%er& "to 'no(#..
%er& "to 'no(#..
I. rammar !ord " naa# .
. "naa# is used as interrogati)e *ronoun+
E,am*le+
.. . . Where ha(e you been 0
.. . . Where are you 'oin' 0

. "naa# is used as interrogati)e ad-ecti)e+
E,am*le +
.. ... :.i . Which place do you stay 0
.. . :.i . Which place are you 'oin' to 0
.. . .. . Which country are you )rom 0

. "naa# is used as inde.inite *ronoun translated either /some(here0 an$(here or
(here)er/+
E,am*le 1+
... . . .
4re you 'oin' somewhere or
anywhere 0
. . . .
% am not 'oin' anywhere!
E,am*le 2+
... i . . .
=o you ant to 'o somewhere or
anywhere 0
. i . . .
% don>t ant to 'o anywhere!
.. i . . ..:.
8ou can 'o anywhere or
wherever (you ish)!
.... i . . . :.
. ..
%) you ant to 'o somewhere or
anywhere % i## take you!
?r@ Wherever you ant to 'o" %
i## take you!

Similarl$0. "naa# is used as inde.inite ad-ecti)e translated either /some0 an$ or (hiche)er+
E,am*le+
... i . :.i .
=o you ant to 'o some or any
place 0
. i . :.i . .
% don>t ant to 'o to any place!
.. i . :.i . ..
:.
8ou can 'o any palce (anyhere)
you ish!
. .. i . :,. .
:..
%) you ant to 'o to any market %
i## take you!
?r@ ;hate(er A hiche(er market
you ant to 'o" % i## take you!

Naa also occur (ith the elements mue$ "one# and 'lah "some# as com*ound inde.inite
*ronouns and ad-ecti)es+
E,am*le+
. .. i .. .. .
.
i) you ant (any shirt)" <ust te##
me!
.. i . :.i . .
Wherever you ou#d #ike to 'o" %
i## take you!
II. !ord Stud$
... .. " To Kno( a *erson0 *lace or thing#
*he (erb (..) here is use to e,press" be ac$uainted ith person" to kno and to kno o)!
1uestion
Su&-ect 2
..
2
*erson
*lace
thing
2
.
.

Ans(er 3es*onse Female 3es*onse 4ale
6ositi(e
. .. . ..
Be'ati(e
... A .. .. .
E,am*le+
... .. .. :.:.
.
5,cuse me" do you kno &hemr
teacher0
... .. .. :... .
5,cuse me" do you kno ;here

6hnom 6enh is0
... .. .. :...
.... .
5,cuse me" do you kno 9aret>s
house!

... .. "to 'no( ho( to do something #
*he (erb (..) here is use to e,press the abi#ity o) knoin' to do thin's)!
1uestion
Su&-ect 2
..
2 do something 2
.
.

Ans(er 3es*onse Female 3es*onse 4ale
6ositi(e
. .. . ..
Be'ati(e
... A .. .. .
E,am*le+
.. .. . :. :. .
=o you kno ho to speak &hmre or =o you

speak &hmer0!
. .. .[i . =o you kno ho to sin'0
... ..i.:i :. . =o you kno ho to p#ay khmer music0
.B7515C3,T375
3. -ord ..,
4. -ord..
5. -ord ... or ... or ...
6. -ord .:
7. -ord ..

&. -ord .., (.erson or .eople
*he ord .., is pronunced in %64 (mOnuh) ! *he sub-consonant , is remain si#ent!
Correct Spelling .ronunciation 3.,
.., ...
mOnuh
9. -ord ..
*he ord .. is pronunced in %64 (kruesaa) ! *he consonant . is remain si#ent!
.. .
kruesaa
:. -ord ... or ... or ...
*he ord ... in the con(ersation is pronunced in %64 (tee $ey) and it is the sort )orm o) ords
... (tee $ey)! %n spoken )orm the sub-consonant ( ) is a#ays droped!
... ... or ... or...
tee $ey
;. -ord.:
*he ord .. is pronunced in %64 (kruesaa) ! *he consonant . is remain si#ent!
*he ord .: is pronunced in %64 (samaachk)! *he (oe# ( ) is pronounced as (oe# ( )
)or this ord!
.: .:
samaachk
<. -ord ..
*he ord .. is pronunced in %64 (ponmaan)! *he c#uster consonant (. ) and sub-consonant (
) is a media# c#uster! %n spoken )orm the )irst sy##ab#e ( . ) is chan'ed to ( . ) !
Correct Spelling .ronunciation Spoken 3.,
.. .. ..
ponmaan
Unit 5
$esson &6 7n the Street to the !arket
...[. ...:..:,.
. ....i
.. .:,. .i.:.
. .i...
.. .i c .
.
i.:. :....... ......
...
.. .... ::.

.. ..i riinaa thw naa nhN * 8yna, where are you going*
.:,. .
i.: .
kn)om thw psaa thii cAN thw
ciemuey kn)om tee *
I am on my way to the market.
Thii wants to go with me*
.i... maoN ponmaan haey* )hat time is it*
.i c . maoN prambey haey. It is eight a clock.
i.:. :.
......
...... ...
kn)om cAN thw dae tae kn)om min
qaac thw baan tee kn)om trew thw
twee kaa. qAA kun
I want to go too, but I ha&e to go
to work. Thank you.
....
::.
kn)om liesen haey cuep knie tNay
kraoy.
9ye bye. $ee you some other
days.
$esson 96 ,t the
!arket
...[. ..:,.
.. ......
.. i.....
.. .. .......
.. :..
.. : !r ..[.
.. :.. ! ...
.. !
.. ..
.. .....[..
.. ...
.. . ..
.. .. ...
..
.::.

...... #ook tre kaa $ey0 ;hat do you need0

i..... miiN mien #ue$ skAA tee 0 =o you se## su'ar0
.. .....
..
caa mien! #ook trekaa
ponmaan ki#ou0
8es" % ha(e! /o many ki#os
do you need0
:.. muey ki#ou t#ay ponmaan0 /o much is a ki#o0
: !r ..[.
muey ki#ou t#ay pii po(en pram
rOy rie#!
?ne ki#o costs 2"500 rie#s!
:.. ! ... t#ay nah! pii po(en baan tee0
%t is too e,pansi(e! %s 2"000
okey0
! pii po(en pii rOOy! 2"200!
.. $aoy kn(om muey ki#ou! Ci(e me a ki#o!
.....[.. tre kaa $ey tiet tee! 4nythin' e#se0
... mien thk sot tee0 =o you ha(e drikin' ater0
. .. mien! yOOk ponmaan dAAp0
/o many bott#es do you
ant0
.. ... muey #ou! kht #uy th!
/a#) a doDen! Co ahead and
ca#cu#ate the tota#!
.::.
soum cam muey p#EEt! 6#ease ait a second!
$esson :6 ,t a Store (&
...[. . ....... (
........
.. ...i ......:..
...!r ..[.
.. :.. .:....
...! ..[.
.. ...:.: r!r..[. ...
......
..
..
.......[..
..
...
...::.

...... #ook tre kaa $ey0 ;hat do you need" sir0
...i ......:
..
soum tooh bAN ruup kum nuu nih
t#ay ponmaan 0
5,cuse me" ho much is this
paintin'0
.!r ..[. pram muey po(en pram rOy rie#! 6"500
:.. .:... .
t#ay nah coh t#ay bOntec baan

tee0
%t is e,pensi(e" can you #oer
the price!
.! ..[. pram muey po(en rie#! 6"000
...:.: r!r..[.
...
ie na tae t#ay" pram po(On
pram rOy baan tee!
%t is sti## too e,pansi(e! /o
about 5"5000
....
min baan tee! Bo!
..
baan kn(om yOk! 8es" % 'et one!
.....[.. tre kaa $ey tiet tee! 4nythin' e#se0
...
$Ot tee! Bo!
.::.
soum cam muey p#EEt! 6#ease ait a minute!
$esson ;6 ,t a Store (9
...[. t ....... (
........
.......... :..
... ..[.
..:.. .:.... ....
....i....
... .
..... :.
.....:.: r :. ...
.... ..... :.:..[.
..
.

...... look rew kaa qey? %ha do you need?
........
:..
ruupcom laaq nih lqAA nah muey
lay ponmaan ?
(his sculure is very nice. How
much is a saue?
. ..[. pram buen po(en riel. :,;;;
:.. .:....
....
lay nah coh lay bOn ec baan
ee bae in) craen ?
(oo e*pensive, can you lower
he price i" ! buy los o" hem?
..i.... look cAN baan ponmaan? How many do you wan?
. . saamsep. <; sculpures.
... :. kn)om coh dOp pieq rOOy. ! will o""er =; > discoun.
...:.: r :.
...
wie nhw ae lay. dOp pram pieq
rOOy baan ee?
! is sill e*pensive. %ha abou
=?> o""?
.. .....
:.:..[.
caah yOk coh. qAAkun craen.
Nay kraoy mOk cuey in) iO.
$es, hank you very much.
Please come again ne* ime.
.
baa yes.
1seful -ords
.
thw to go
i
cAN to want
.
qaac can
...
twee kaa to work
:
ciemuey with
.
mien to have
...
trew kaa to need
.
lueq to sell
..
skAA sugar
:
tlay to be e2pensive
:..
tlay nah to be very e2pensive
yOOk to take
.
kht to think
.
luy money
..
kht luy to bill
thk water
.
thk2sot pure water
...
ruup2kum2nuu painting
..
ruup2com2laaq sculture
cam to wait
.
lqAA good
.
tin) to buy
..
craen. many@much
..
qaoy to give
:,.
psaa market
.i
maoN time, hour
:.
tNay kraoy other day
kilou kilogram
dAAp bottle
::.
muey plEEt one moment
.:
coh tlay to lower the price
.
bOn tec a little bit
.....
toup2lueq2qeywan store or shop
rammar
I. !ord "6( e $# or "6 e $#
3. ;ord ($ e y) as %nterro'ati(e 6ronoun (.) (;hat)!
4. ;ord ($ e y) as %nterro'ati(e 4d<ecti(e . (;hat)!
5. ;ord ($ e y) as %nde)init 6ronoun (.) (somethin' or anythin' or
hate(er)!
6. ;ord ($ e y) as %nde)init 4d<ecti(e (.) (some" any)!
7. ;ord ($ e y) as compound ith mu e y (one) and k#ah (some) (.) and
it is used as inde)inite pronouns!
:. ;ord ($ e y) as compound ith mu e y (one) and k#ah (some) (.) and
it is used as inde)inite 4d<ecti(e!
II. !ord "*onmaan# .. in Interogat)ie sentences
3. .. 6onmaan as Bum(era# (ho many)
4. .. 6onmaan as 6ronoun (ho much)
5. .. 6onmaan as 4d<ecti(e (ho many)
I. rammar !ord . "6(e$# or . "6e$#
3. ;ord ($ey) as %nterro'ati(e 6ronoun (.) (;hat)!
1uestion Ans(er
.. . . . ..[..:
;hat do you buy 0 % buy book!
. . . . ...
;hat do you se## 0 % se## c#othin'!

4. ;ord . ($ey) as %nterro'ati(e 4d<ecti(e!
1uestion Ans(er
.. . ..[..: . . ..[..: .....
;hich book are you buyin' 0 % buy notebook!

. . ... . . ... ..
;hat c#othin' are you se##in' 0 % se## man c#othes!

5. ;ord . ($ey) as %nde)init 6ronoun (somethin' or anythin' or hate(er)!
Statement English
. . . . .. :,.
/e 'o to buy somethin' at the market!
. . .. :,.
% se## somethin' at the market!
. i . . .
% don>t ant to eat anythin'!
. .. i .. . . ..
%) you ant anythin' % i## buy it )or you! or
hate(er you ant % i## buy it )or you!

6. ;ord ($ey) as %nde)init 4d<ecti(e (.) (some" any)
1uestion Ans(er
. i . ... . . . i . ... . .
=o you ant to buy any c#othes0 % don>t ant to buy any c#othes!
. .. i .. ... . .
..
.. . ... . .. ..
:.
%) you ant any c#othes % i## buy it )or you! 8ou can buy any c#othes )or me

7. ;ord ($ey) as compound ith muey (one) and k#ah (some) (.) and it is used as inde)inite
pronouns!
Statement English
. . i . .. . .
. .. ..
%) you ant me to buy somethin'" <ust #et me
kno" % i## buy it )or you!
. . i ... . . .
..
%) you ant to eat anythin' <ust #et me kno % i##
buy it )or you!
:. ;ord ($ey) as compound ith muey (one) and k#ah (some) (.) and it is used as inde)inite
4d<ecti(e!
Statement English
. . i . ..[..: . . .
... . . . .. ..
%) you ant me to buy any books )rom 4merica"
<ust #et me kno" % i## buy it )or you!

II. !ord "*onmaan# .. in Interogat)ie Sentences 27
*he ord .. )uction #ike a mumera# in mumera# noun phrase! %n the ansers to $uestion
in(o#(in' .." it rep#aced by a numera#! 4s e,amp#e be#o@
1! 6onmaan as Bum(era# (ho much or ho many)
1uestion Ans(er
.. ... .. .. ... ..
/o many ki#o do you ant0 % ant 2 ki#o!
. . . .. . .
/o many bott#e o) pure ater do you ant to
buy0
% buy pure ater 12 bott#es!
.i .. . .i c .
;hat time is it no0 %t is 8 ?>c#ock!
. ... .. . ... .
/o many ki#os does he ant0 /e ant 6 ki#os
... ... : .. ... ... : c .
/o much is this paintin'0
%t is 18 do##ars!

2! 6onmaan as 6ronoun (ho much)
1uestion Ans(er
.. ... .. ...
/o much do you need0 % need 22!
.. i.. .. . i.. r
/o much do yo ant! % ant 15!

3! 6onmaan as 4d<ecti(e (ho many)
1uestion Ans(er
.. . . .. .. . . r ..[.
/o much money do they ha(e0 *hey ha(e 500 rie#s!
.B7515C3,T375
&. -ord
i
9. -ord
.i
:. -ord
:,.
;. -ord
..
&. -ord i (to want
*he diacritic bAntA$ ( ) occurs on the top o) the )ina# consonant o) a sy##ab#e and it is used to
shorten the (oe# o) that sy##ab#e! 4## &hmer consonant" there is an inherent (oe#! *he inherent
(oe# )or the )irst series consonant is @AA@ and second series consonant is @OO@! %n a sy##ab#e ith
in(isib#e (oe#" banta$ is used to shorten the inherent (oe#! *he inherent (oe# @AA@ chan'es to
@A@ a)ter the )irst series consonant and the inherent (o#e @OO@ chan'es to @u@ or @u(e@ a)ter the
second series consonant! *he sy##ab#e (i )" )irst series consonant ( ) has an inherent (oe#
@AA@" there)ore the pronunciation o) this sy##ab#e is (cAAN)! ;hen diacritic bAntA$ ( ) is used on
the top o) the )ina# consonant (i) the inherent (oe# chan'es )rom to @AA@ to @A@ hich cause
the pronunciation o) sy##ab#e (cAAN) to (cAN)!
-ord -ithout "iacritic -ord -ith "iacritic
i
cAAN to tie
i
cAN to ant
. i . .i i . :,.
/e ties a co! 9he ant to 'o to the market!
9. -ord .i
*he diacritic mousekatoan ( ) on the consonant ( ) con(ert the second series consonant ( )
to )irst series consonant ( )!
.i
mooN bi' stick
.i
maoN hour or time or o>c#ock
.. .i ... .. ..... .i r .
;here do you brin' that stick to0 Bo %t is 5 ?>c#ock in the a)ternoon
:. -ord :,. (market
*he ord :,. is pronunced in %64 (psaa) ! *he consonant . is remain si#ent!
:,. :,
psaa

%) the ord is ritten ith no consonant (. ) the meanin' o) the ord is di))erent! %t means
heart or pain" but the pronunciation o) the to ords remain the same!
;. -ord .. (sugar
*he ord .. is pronunced in %64 (skAA)! *he consonant (. ) is remained si#ent!
.. .
skAA
Unit 8
$esson &6 ,sking 5ationality
...[.
.....
. :...
:.
. :...
. ... ..:.:..
:. ::.:.... ...
.
::.:...i .:......
.... .. .:.:...i:.
.. :... ....:.......
:.
..i:.

:...
cum riep sue /e##o
.:...
baat cum riep sue 8es" /e##o
... ..:.:. .
soum tooh #ook cu(enciet $ey 0
5,cuse me" hat is your
nationa#ity0
::.:. ... ...
kn)om cie cu(enciet $aa meeri$! coh

#ook 0
% am 4merican! 4nd you0
::.:. ..i
...... .
::.:...i:.
kn)om cie cu(enciet baaraN! nih
pue$maa$ kn)om tounii! ko(et kAA
cie cu(enciet baaraNdae!
% am -rench! *his is a )riend o)
mine *ony! /e is a#so -rench!
:... ....
:.......
cum riep sue rii$-riey nah dae#
baan sko(e# #ook
% am '#ad to kno you!
..i:.
kn(om kAA $an)-ceN dae! 9o am %!
$esson 96 !eeting a /riend
...[. :.
.
.ti..i.:.:.
. . :.............
.
......i..:.i...
.
.......it...i..
:.i...i.i...
. ..:. ...:i ...i.:.
.
.i.:.. .ii:.....
.
..:...,:i:....
....i.....:.........ii
. ..i .......
.
... .:.

.ti..i.:. :.
sok qaeN mOOk leeN srok khmae
dae.
Sok, you also came o visi
,ambodia.
. :......
.......
baa ae kn)om nhw mhn baan yuu
ae leek nhh.
@" course, bu ! canno say "or
long his ime.
......i..:.i.
..
sok baan hw leeN nhw kAnlaeN naa
klah haey.
%ha are he places ha
Sok have been visiing?
.......it..
.i.. :.i.
..i.i...
kn)om mhn o(en baan hw leeN qae
naa ee aN pii mOOk dal ae kn)om
cAN hw leeN qANkOO3wo(e.
! have no ye visied any place
since ! go hereA bu ! wan o visi
#ngkor %a.
..:. ..
.:i...i.:.
sok hw Nay naa? bae hw prap
kn)om phAAN pru(eh kn)om cAN dae.
%ha day does Bohn wan o go? !"
you go, don+ "orge o ell me.
.i.:.. .i
i:.....
kn)om nhN hw Nay qaah. kn)om
mhn deN cAN cih uuk rhh yu(en hAh
ee.
! will go on Sunday. ! don+ know i"
! wan o ake he boa or "ly.
.::...,
:i:....
....i.....:.
kn(om lhh kee haa cih uuk spbaay
cieN cih yu(en hAh pru(eh yeeN qaac
keen) eehsephiep craen nhw aam
onlee nhN beN.
! heard oher people said ha
aking he boa is more ineresing
han "lying because we can see
more scenery along he river and
he lake.
........ii
..i.......
qAn)ceN cam kn(om prap nhw peel
kn(om hw.
So, ! will le you know as o when !
will go.
... .:.
qAA3kun. kom plhc naa. (hank you. )on+ "orge.
$esson :6 Taking a /riend 7ut
...[. .
...i.
. i.:......
.
. :... .. ..i E
:...
. .. ..:..:.
..,.. .......... ...

. :...ti....
:........ :......
.
...i .i.:...i...
..i...:
..:..:.i..:[.

. i.:
......
$aa#ou kn)om cAN niyiey cie-muey
#ook sok baan tee0
/e##o" cou#d % ta#k to 3r! 9ok0

. :...
.. ..iE
$aa#ou cumriep-sue kn)om sok
niyiey ne(ek-naa neNE
Creetin's" % am 9ok speakin'!
;ho is thatE
:...
cumriep-sue kn)om kem! Creetin's" % am kem!
.. ..
:..:.
$ou kem mOOk dA# srok khae pii
tNay naa0
?hE kim hat day did you 'et to
7ambodia0!
..,.. .
.......
.....
baat pii mse# mhn)! $ey#e-nhh
kn)om sna$-nh sAAnthaakie
$asii!
8esterday! Bo % am stayin' at
4sie /ote#!
:...ti.... tNay nhh kem $aeN tumnee tee0 kem" are you )ree today0
:........
:......
tNay nhh mhn tumnee tee! s$aek
#Niec teep kn)om tumnee!
% am not )ree today! % i## be
)ree tomorro e(enin'!
...i
.i.:..
.i... .
.i...:
bae $An)ceN kn)om nhN th cuep
kem nh maoN pram- kAn#ah
haey yeeN th n)am baay ciemuey
knie!
9o" % i## meet you at 5@30 and
e i## 'o to dinner to'ether!
..:..:.i
..:[.
kn)om cam nh co(en kroam
kAn#aeN tOtue# pn)ie!
% i## be aitin' )or you at the
#obby!
$esson ;6 !eeting an ,c0uaintance
...[.t
:...
....i.
.. .....
.i... ? .:.ii..t
....:...
..
....
..:.......,
... .i......:. ?
.. ....,:....:
...:.:.
..
...... ..:...
.......
......i

....i.
sue sdey nieN kaan)aC Hello 5iss.
.....
sue sdey lookC Hello Sir.
.i... ?
.:.ii..t
....:...
nieN nhw cam kn)om ee? kn)om
ho(ep cuep nieN m(edAAN nhw
qae sakOl3vhyielay pnuum3phn).
)o you remember me? ! used o
mee you once a 6niversiy o"
Phnom Penh.
....
..:.....
..,
kn)om nhk kheen) haey. look cie
sahsraacaa nhw salaa3cbap.
! remember ha. $ou are a
pro"essor a he Daw School.
...
.i......:. ?
rew haey. nieN mOOk nhh mien
kaa qwey dae?
(ha+s correc. %ha are you
here "or?
....,:..
..:
kn)om mOOk nhh daembey cuep
look sahsraacaa chy caap.
! came here o see Pro"essor chy
caap.
...:.:.
kn)om kAA rew kaa cuep ko(e
dae.
! also need o see him.
......
..:...
.......
ko(e qan)oceen) mOOk haey. Dook
cuep ko(e mun coh prueh kn)om
mhn shw prAn)ap.
He is coming. Sir, you mee him
"irs because ! am no in a hurry.
......i
qAA3kun craen. (hank you a lo 5iss.
&se#ul Words
:.i
kAn#aeN place
.i[.
kruu bON--rien teacher
..
kruu pEEt medical practitioner
.
chOOp midwife
:.:.
cu(en-ciet nationality
:.
cO-pon Gapan
:i.:i
cieN-p#eeN electrical engineer
:.
co(en floor
:..
co(en kroam first floor
.
niyiey to speak
...
tumnee free
.i.
nieN kaann)a !iss
..
nh cam
still remember or to wait
for
:..
nae-no(em to introduce
...,
nii-sit college student
...
nhk kheen to remember or to recall
..t
nh $ae at
..
baan that>s ok.
..i
baaraN /rance
.
prAn)ap to be in a hurry
.....
pEEt-thmeen) dentist
.
pue$maa$ friend
.
mOOk dA# to arrive at
...
mhn sh not very
i
m(edAAN one time or once
,..
mse# mhn) yesterday
..
rii$-riey to be happy
....
#ee-khaa-thi-kaa secretary
..i
#eeN to play
...
sAAnthaakie hotel
....
sakO#-(httyie#ay university
..,
sa#aa-cbap law school
...
sahstraacaa professor
..:..
ee-ce(e$-bOn-dht !edical doctor
...
soum tooh e2cuse me
..
sue to ask
..
sko(e# know
...
sna$-nh to stay
..i
$an)-ceN so
...
$aa-meeri$ ,merica
...
$ou-straa-#ii ,ustralia
...
ne(e$-baek-#aan driver
.:..
ne(e$-kaa-saet *ournalist
..... $ey#e-nhh 5ow
rammar8

I. Present Tense
1! 4))irmati(e 9entence
a! 9imp#e 9entence ith %ntransiti(e Ferb
b! 9imp#e 9entence ith %ntransiti(e Ferb and 4d(erb
c! 9imp#e 9entence ith *ransiti(e Ferb and -o##o by ?b<ect
2! Be'ati(e 9entence
3! %ntero'ati(e 9entence
II.
Present Tense+ Sentence (ith 9onnecting %er& " : # 2 "Noun#
1! 4))irmati(e 9entence
2! Be'ati(e 9entence
3! %ntero'ati(e 9entence
4! Bote on 7onnectin' Ferb

I. Present Tense+
1. A..irmati)e Sentence
Gn#ike 5n'#ish" &hmer (erbs do not take in)#ection in the present tense!
a. Sim*le Sentence (ith Intransiti)e %er&+
Su&-ect 2 %er& "intransiti)e#
5,amp#e@
.
/e cries!
.., ..
9tudent #au'hs!
.. ..
*hey a#k!
.
% s#eep!

&. Sim*le Sentence (ith Intransiti)e %er& and Ad)er&+
Su&-ect 2 %er& 2 Ad)er&
5,amp#e@
.i .. .i: . 7hi#dren a#k on the street!
. .... ii
9am #i(es in the city

c. Sim*le Sentence (ith Transiti)e %er& and .ollo( &$ O&-ect+
Su&-ect 2 %er& 2 O&-ect
5,amp#e@
... .....
% stay in 4sie /ote#!
: .
% meet him!
.i .. ::..
7hi#dren #ike )ruit!
.i .. ..:.
;e #o(e peace!

2. Negati)e Sentence
*he ne'ati(e sentence in &hmer is )ormed by insertin' o) a ne'ati(e ord " . # or " .. #
beteen the sub<ect and the main (erb o) a sentence and " . # at the end o) that
sentence! 6artic#e " . # can be de#eted )rom the ne'ati(e sentence" but it doesn>t sound
natura#!

Su&-ect 2
.
or
..
2 %er& "intransiti)e# 2
.
Su&-ect 2
.
or
..
2 %er& 2 Ad)er& 2
.
Su&-ect 2
.
or
..
2 %er& 2 O&-ect 2
.

5,amp#e@
. . .
or
. .. .
/e doesn>t cry!
.., . .. .
or
.., .. .. .
9tudent doesn>t #au'h!
.. . .. .
or
.. .. .. .
*hey don>t a#k!
. . .
or
.. . .
% don>t s#eep!
.i . .. .i: . . or .i .. .. .i: . .
7hi#dren don>t a#k on the street!
. . .... ii .

. .. .... ii .
9am deosn>t #i(e in the city
. ... ..... .
or
.. ... ..... .
% don>t stay in 4sie /ote#!
. : . .
or
.. : . .
% don>t meet him!
.i . .. ::.. .
or
.i .. .. ::.. .
7hi#dren don>t #ike )ruit!
.i . .. ..:. .
or
.i .. .. ..:. .
;e don>t #o(e peace!

5. Interogati)e Sentence+
*he $uestion partic#e (..) are a#ays occours at the be'innin' o) an interro'ati(e c#ause in
)orma# $uestions! ;hen the $uestion partic#e (..) is used" it si'na# the )act that a $uestion
)o##os and the risin' and )a##in' intonation o) $uestion is not necessary!
Huestion re$uirin' yes- or-no anser re$uire a )ina# $uestion partic#e . (tee) ! *he )u##
)orm o) partic#e (tee) is . (rhh tee) !
..
2 Su&-ect 2 %er& "intransiti)e# 2
.
..
2 Su&-ect 2 %er& 2 Ad)er& 2
.

..
2 Su&-ect 2 %er& 2 O&-ect 2
.
5,amp#e@
.. . . or .. . .
=eos he cry0
.. .., .. . or .. .., .. .
=oes the student #au'h0
.. .. .. . or .. .. .. .
=o they a#k0
.. . . or .. . .
=o % s#eep0
.. .i .. .i: . . or .. .i .. .i: . .
=o chi#dren a#k on the street0
.. . .... ii . or .. . .... ii .
=o 9am #i(e in the city0
.. .. ... ..... . or .. .. ... ..... .
=o you stay in 4sie /ote#0
.. .. : . . or .. .. : . .
=o you meet him0
.. .i .. ::.. . or .. .i .. ::.. .
=o chi#dren #ike )ruit0
.. .i .. ..:. . or .. .i .. ..:. .
=o e #o(e peace0

II. Present Tense (ith 9onnecting %er& ": # 2 "Noun#0
1. A..irmati)e Sentence (ith 9onnecting %er& ": # 2 "Noun#+
*he meanin' o) connectin' (erb (:) is (be" is) as in the sentence be#o@
Su&-ect 2
9onnecting )er& (: )
2 Noun
5,amp#e@
: :.:. ...
% am an 4merican
. : ...
/e is a pro)essor!
: .i[.
% am a teacher!
.. : ..
*hey are )amers!
..... : ..
*his bui#din' is a #ibrary

2. Negati)e Sentence (ith 9onnecting %er& ": # 2 "Noun#
*he ne'ati(e sentence o) simp#e sentence" ith connectin' (erb (: )" is )orm by insertin' the
ne'ati(e ord " .:. # or " ..:. # beteen the sub<ect and the main (erb o) a
sentence and " . # at the end o) that sentence! 6artic#e " . # can be de#eted )rom the ne'ati(e
sentence" but it doesn>t sound natura#!
Su&-ect 2
.:.
or
..:.
2
2 Noun 2
.
5,amp#e@
.:. : :.:. ... .
or
..:. : :.:. ... .
% am not an 4merican
. .:. : ... .
or
. ..:. : ... .
/e is not a pro)essor!
.:. : .i[. .
or
..:. : .i[. .
% am not a teacher!
.. .:. : .. .
or
.. ..:. : .. .
*hey are not )amers!
..... .:. : .. .
or
..... ..:. : .. .
*his bui#din' is not a #ibrary

5. Interogati)e Sentence (ith 9onnecting %er& ": # 2 "Noun#
*he intero'ati(e c#ause" ith connectin' (erb (: )" is )orm by addin' partic#e (..) at the
be'innin' o) the c#ause and )o##os by " :.. # at the end o) the c#ause!
..
2 Su&-ect 2
Noun 2
:..

5,amp#e@
.. .. : :.:. ... :..
4re you an 4merican0
.. . : ... :.. %s he a pro)essor0
.. .i : .i[. :.. %s she a teacher0
.. .. : .. :.. 4re they )amers0
.. ..... : .. :.. %s this bui#din' a #ibrary0

8. Note on 9onnecting %er& (: )
*he connectin' (erb (: ) can be dropped in )rom the a))irmati(e" ne'ati(e" or intero'ati(e
sentence in the spoken )orm and the sentence sti## carries the same meanin'!
!ccupation
.i[.
kruu bON-3rien teacher
..
kruu pEE medical practitioner
.
chOOp midwife
:i.:i
cieN3pleeN electrical engineer
...,
nii3si college student
.....
pEE3hmeen) dentist
....
lee3khaa3hi3kaa secretary
...
sahsraacaa professor
..:..
wee3ce(eq3bOn3dh !edical doctor
...
ne(eq3baek3laan driver
.:..
ne(eq3kaa3sae *ournalist
.....
ne(eq3eeh secOO Tourist
.
ie hien Soldier
....
nOO kOO baal .olice
..
ro(e mOn rey !inister
..,
ses Student

&. -ord
..
to ask =. -ord
. or .
to hear
9. -ord
.. .
nationality '. -ord
.i.
!iss
:. -ord
..i
so.. &). -ord

to wait
;. -ord
:.i
place &&. -ord
..
river
<. -ord
.i...
,ngkor wat &9. -ord
...
airplane
8. -ord
:..
Sunday &:. -ord
...
hotel
(. -ord
.,
happy &;. -ord
....
to invite

&. -ord .. (to ask
*he ord .. is pronunced in %64 (sue) ! *he consonant . remains si#ent hen it occurs in )ina#
position!
.. .
sue
*op
9. -ord .. . (nationality
;hen to consonants are pronounced consecuti(e#y ithin a ord" the second consonant is
ritten in a specia# sub-consonant )rom be#o the )irst consonant! *he sub-consonants are ca##ed
1ceeN2 o) consonant .consonant )eet.! *he )orm o) sub-consonant in most cases a sma##er (ersion o)
consonant" but ithout the top part o) consonant hich is ca##ed 1sA$2 (hair) o) consonant! *he
combination o) consonant and the sub-consonant is ca##ed 1pcieN domruet2! %nitia# c#usters are
ca##ed ( pcun) cnee)$ psAm ) and media# c#usters are ca##ed (pcun) cnee) $ pn)ae ceeN )! *he sub-
consonants are used as initia# c#usters and media# c#usters! ;hen there is a consonant c#uster"
(inc#udin' both an initia# consonant and its sub-consonant)" the (oe# symbo#s are ritten around
the consonant c#uster (either be)ore" abo(e" or a)ter the consonant c#uster" and in some cases a
combination o) these)! %n a## cases" hoe(er" the (oe# is pronounced after the consonant c#uster!
%n 'enera# consonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( and ) as media# c#uster! *he
ord ... " consonant . takes sub-consonant ( ) as its media# c#uster and the (oe# ( ) on
consonant (. ) is si#ent!
.. . .. :.
san) ciet
*op
:. -ord ..i (so...
*he diacritic #eik $ahsdaa ( ) is a#so ca##ed #eik prambey occurs on#y o(er the consonants ( )
and ( )! %t does not chan'e the pronunciation o) those to consonant! *his diacritic is used to
distin'uish the meanin' o) ord ( ) hich mean (neck) to au,i#ary ord ( ) hich mean (then)
or in a combination ord (..i) mean (so am % or me too)!
%n 'enera# consonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( and ) as media# c#uster! *he
ord ..i" consonant . takes sub-consonant ( ) as its media# c#uster!
..i .. i
kAA $an) ceN
*op
;. -ord :.i (place
7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( and , ) as media# c#uster! *he ord :.i"
consonant . takes sub-consonant ( ) as its media# c#uster! +ecause the )irst sy##ab#e is
pronounced as the )irst series o) consonant" there)ore the sencond sy##ab#e ha(e to )o##o the )irst
series o) consoant! %n this case the second series consonant ( . ) hich is seen as the sub
consonant ( ) chan' to )irst series consonant ( )!
:.i . :i
kAn #aeN
*op
<. -ord .i... (,ngkor wat
7onsonant (i ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( , and ) as media# c#uster! *he
ord .i." consonant ( i ) takes sub-consonant ( ) as its media# c#uster! *he consonant .
remains si#ent hen it occurs in )ina# position! *he sy##ab#e (.. ) consonant (. ) cou#d take its on
sub-consonants ( ) but it remains si#ent hen it occurs in )ina# position!
.i... .i . ..
$AN kOO o(et
*op
8. -ord :.. (Sunday
*he #ast sy##ab#e (. )" consonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) but it remains si#ent
hen it occurs in )ina# position!

:.. : . .
thNay $aa tet
*op
(. -ord ., (,ngkor wat
7onsonant ( ) cou#d take its on sub-consonants ( , ) as media# c#uster!
., . .
sap baay
*op
=. -ord . or . (hear
*he spe##in' o) ords .hear. is (. or . )! +oth o) ords ha(e the same pronunciation! *he the
spe##in' o) ord (. ) composed by consonant (. ) and (oe# ( ) and the spe##in' o) ord (. ) is
an independent (oe#! +oth ords are used interchan'eab#e" but (. ) has been introduced in the
1970s and ord (. ) is the or'ina# o) &hmer ords! Bo" ord (. ) is brou'ht back to e(ery
ritin'!

Correct Spelling .ronunciation .osible 3.,
. .
#hh
*op
'. -ord .i. (!iss
*he consonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( and ) as media# c#uster! *he ord
." consonant . takes sub-consonant ( ) as its media# c#uster!
.i. .i. .
kan) n)a
*op
&). -ord (to wait or to remember
*he ord ( ) has to meanin's and its pronunciation is a#so the same! *he )irst meanin' is to
ait and the socond meanin' is to remember!
*op
&&. -ord .. (river
7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( and , ) as media# c#uster! *he ord .."
consonant . takes sub-consonant ( ) as its media# c#uster!
.. . ..
tOn #ee
*op
&9. -ord ... (airplane
*he compound ord (... ) is a combiantion o) ord machine (. ) and )#y (..)! *he
ord (.)" consonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as media# c#uster" but sub-consonant (
) remains si#ent hen it occurs in )ina# position o) ord!
... . ..
yOn hAh
*op
&:. -ord ... (hotel
..." consonant . takes sub-consonant ( ) as its media# c#uster! *he consonant . remains
si#ent hen it occurs in )ina# position!
... ..
sAn thaa kie
*op
&;. -ord .... (to invite
...." consonant . takes sub-consonant ( ) as its media#!
.... .. .:.
$an) ceen)
Unit :
$esson 96 Cold "ay
...[.
:.:
..D
a
....i
.. .i...
..
.i:. .
.. :....i..
.. .i.i...is..i ..i.i....
.. ........
.. .i.....
.. ..
..D
.:...::.i .....:..

....i
rina kraok laeN %ake up /ina?
.i... maoN ponmaan haey ? %ha ime is i?
.i:. .
maoN prA3hael pram3buen
haey ?
! is appro*imaely : o+clock.
:....i.. Nay nih yeeN hw naa?
%here are we going o go
oday?
.i.i...is..i
..i.i....
yeeN nhN hw leeN qew3 puq yeeN
bAn3o(ep mOOk yeeN hw meel
kon.
%e are going o visi our
"aher and hen we are
going o see a movie.
........
kum3nh nih lqAA nah. ! is a very good idea.
.i.....
yeeN kh n)am qey sen. %e should ea "irs.
..
n)am kAA n)am Sure.
.:...::.i
.....:..
kom pleec pe(eq qaaw day
waeN. Prhk nih rA3ce(eq nah.
)on+ "orge o wear long
sleeve shirA i is very cold
his morning.
$esson 96 Cold "ay
...[.
:.:
..D
a
....i
.. .i...
..
.i:. .
..
:....i..
.. .i.i...is..i ..i.i....
.. ........
.. .i.....
.. ..
..D .:...::.i .....:..

....i
rina kraok laeN %ake up /ina?
.i... maoN ponmaan haey ? %ha ime is i?
.i:. .
maoN prA3hael pram3buen
haey ?
! is appro*imaely : o+clock.
:....i.. Nay nih yeeN hw naa?
%here are we going o go
oday?
.i.i...is..i
..i.i....
yeeN nhN hw leeN qew3 puq yeeN
bAn3o(ep mOOk yeeN hw meel
kon.
%e are going o visi our
"aher and hen we are
going o see a movie.
........
kum3nh nih lqAA nah. ! is a very good idea.
.i.....
yeeN kh n)am qey sen. %e should ea "irs.
..
n)am kAA n)am Sure.
.:...::.i
.....:..
kom pleec pe(eq qaaw day
waeN. Prhk nih rA3ce(eq nah.
)on+ "orge o wear long
sleeve shirA i is very cold
his morning.
$esson :6
Bainy
"ay
...[. .
:.:[i
. :..........
. ....i.:[i:..
.
....i.:[i.
. ......:...i. ......:[i.
.
i....:...
. ....:[i ..:...:.
. ....:[i.i.. .tii..
. i....:[i
.
..i...
. .i......t.
. ..ii ...........

:..........
Nay nih mien pOO3pOk crai=e
nah.
! is very cloudy his morning.
....i.:[i :..
ne(eq kh haa wie nhN plieN
mien ee?
)o you hink i is going o rain?
....i.:[i.
kn)om mhn kh haa wie nhN
plieN ee.
! don+ hink i is going o rain.
......:...i.
......:[i.
qey3lew nih wie cie rOO dew
rOO Nie ee haey wie mhn sew
mien plieN ee.
Eow i is winerA and i rarely
rains in he winer.
i....:...
kn)om cAN hw meel kon Nay
nih.
(oday, ! wan o see a movie.
....:[i ..:. ..:.
proshn bae plieN kn(om rew
nhw pe(eh.
!" i rains, ! have o say a
home.
....:[i.i..
.i..
kn(om mien qaaw plieN muey
nhN chaa muey. ne(eq cAN
prae muey naa?.
! have a raincoa and an
umbrella. %hich one would
you pre"er?
i....:[i
kn(om cAN prae qaaw plieN. ! wan o use he rain coa.
..i...
qan(3ceN kn(om prae chaa
(hen, ! ge o use he
umbrella.
.i......t.
yeeN hw meel kon nhw qae
naa?
%here are we going o see he
movie?
..ii ..
....... ..
nhw knoN kroN. kee niyiey
haa kon nih lqAA meel nah.
!n own. People say i is a
very good movie.

,. /uture Tense6
&. ,ffirmative sentence
9. 5egative sentence
:. 3nterrogative sentence
B. ,dverb of Time
C.
.resent Tense with Connecting #erb ( ) with ,d*ective
&.
,ffirmative sentence with Connecting #erb ( )
5ote6 ,ffirmative sentence with Connecting #erb ( )
9.
5egative sentence with Connecting #erb ( )
5ote6 5egative sentence with Connecting #erb ( )
:.
3nterrogative sentence with Connecting #erb ( )
5ote6 5egative sentence with Connecting #erb ( )

,. /uture Tense6
&. ,ffirmative Sentence
The structure of future tense in Khmer language is similar to ?nglish. The au2iliary (.i is
used in front of the main verb in a sentence. The structure of the simple future tense is6
Sub*ect D
,u2iliary (.i
D !ain #erb D 7b*ect
?2ample6
,ffirmative Sentence
Sub*ect D
(.i
.i .i . .. .
-e will go to see a movies
.i .i . ..i s. ...i
-e will go to visit his father
.i ..[. :.:.
3 will study Khmer
. .i . :...
%e will arrive in .hnom .enh
.. .i .. .. :.
They will like Khmer food
9. 5egative Sentence
/or negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert A.A between the au2iliary verb
and main verb and particle A. A at the end that sentence.
Sub*ect D
,u2iliary (.i
D
.
D !ain #erb D 7b*ect D
.
?2ample6
5egative Sentence
Sub*ect D
(.i
D not D !ain #erb D 7b*ect D
.
.i .i . . .. . .
-e will not go to see a movies
.i .i . . ..i s. ...i .
-e will not go to visit his father
.i . ..[. :.:. .
3 will not study Khmer
. .i . . :... .
%e will not arrive in .hnom .enh
.. .i . .. .. :. .
They will not like Khmer food
:. 3nterrogative Sentence
/or 0uestion sentence the simple future tense, we insert A.. A at the beginning of the
sentence and particle A:.. A at the end of sentence.
..
D Sub*ect D
,u2iliary (.i
:..
?2ample6
5egative Sentence
..
D Sub*ect D
(.i
:..
.. .i .i . .. .
:..
will -e go to see a movies
.. .i .i . ..i s. ...i
:..
will -e go to visit his father
.. .i .i ..[. :.:.
:..
will 3 study Khmer
.. . .i . :...
:..
will %e arrive in .hnom .enh
.. .. .i .. .. :.
:..
will They like Khmer food
5ote6
The au2iliary verb (.i has the same pronunciation to the con*unction and preposition (.i
but the spelling of these two words are different. The vowel ( is used for the au2iliary (.i
and vowel ( is used for the con*unction and preposition.

B. ,dverb of Time for /uture Tense
,dverb of time is very important in Khmer future tense, it provides precise information
about future. ,dverb of time uses for future includes6
,dverb of Time
....
5e2t time
:.
5e2t time (7ne day
::.
Tomorrow
:.
5e2t month
:.:.
The day after tomorrow
..
5e2t year
Khmer adverb of time is usually found at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
?2ample6 ,dverb of time is used at the beginning of a sentence.
,dverb of Time D Sub*ect D
(.i
::. .i .i . .. .
:. .i .i . ..i s. ...i
.. .i ..[. :.:.
3 will study Khmer
:.:. . .i . :...
:. .. .i .. .. :.

?2ample6 ,dverb of time is used at the end of a sentence.
Sub*ect D
(.i
D !ain #erb D 7b*ect D ,dverb of Time
.i .i . .. . ::.
.i .i . ..i s. ...i :.
.i ..[. :.:. ..
3 will study Khmer
. .i . :... :.:.
.. .i .. .. :. :.
C. .resent Tense with Connecting #erb ( D ,d*ective
&. ,ffirmative Sentence with Connecting #erb ( D (,d*ective
The meaning of connecting verb ( is (be, is as in the sentence below6

Sub*ect D
Connecting verb (
D ,d*ective D ,dverb of "egree (7ptional

?2ample6
,ffirmative Sentence with Connecting #erb ( D (,d*ective

Sub*ect D
(
D ,d*ective D ,dverb of "egree (7ptional
.... .: ..
This morning is cold very
:... . ..
Today is hot very
. .. ..
%e is kind very
.i .. ..
She is beautiful very
.. .. ..
They are clever very
..
3 am short very

5ote6
The position of ,dverb of "egree (.. is proceeding after an ad*ective.
The connecting verb ( is not very important in the sentence, it can be dropped in the
affirmative sentence and the sentence still carries the same meaning in both spoken or
written form.
?2ample6
,ffirmative Sentence with Connecting #erb ( D (,d*ective

Sub*ect D D ,d*ective D ,dverb of "egree (7ptional
.... .: ..
This morning is very cold
:... . ..
Today is hot very
. .. ..
%e is kind very
.i .. ..
She is beautiful very
.. .. ..
They are clever very
..
3 am short very

9. 5egative Sentence with Connecting #erb ( D (,d*ective
The negative sentence of simple sentence, with connecting verb ( , is form by inserting
the negative word ( . after the connecting verb ( and add particle (. at the end of
that sentence. .article (. can be deleted from the negative sentence, but it doesn>t sound
natural.
Subject +
Connecting verb (
+
.
+ ,d*ective +
.
?2ample6
5egative Sentence with Connecting #erb ( D (,d*ective D .

Sub*ect D
(
D
( .
,d*ective D
.article (.
.... . .: .
This morning is cold
:... . . .
Today is hot
. . .. .
%e is kind
.i . .. .
She is beautiful
.. . .. .
They are clever
. .
3 am short

5ote6
The connecting verb ( is not very important in the negative sentence, it can be dropped and
it still carries the same meaning in both spoken or written form.
?2ample6
5egative Sentence with Connecting #erb ( D (,d*ective D .

Sub*ect D
( .
,d*ective D
.article (.
.... . .: .
This morning is not cold
:... . . .
Today is not hot
. . .. .
%e is not kind
.i . .. .
She is not beautiful
.. . .. .
They are not clever
. .
3 am not short

:. 3nterrogative Sentence with Connecting #erb ( D (,d*ective
The 3nterrogative clause, with connecting verb ( , is form by adding particle (.. at the
beginning of the clause and follows by ( . at the end of the clause.
..
+ Subject +
Connecting verb (
+ ,d*ective +
.
?2ample6
3nterrogative Sentence with Connecting #erb ( D (,d*ective + .

..
D Sub*ect D
(
D ,d*ective D
.article (.
.. .... .:
.
is This morning cold
.. :... .
.
is Today hot
.. . ..
.
is %e kind
.. .i ..
.
is She beautiful
.. .. ..
.
are They clever
..
.
am 3 short

5ote6
The connecting verb ( is not very important in the 3nterrogative sentence, it can be
dropped and it still carries the same meaning in both spoken or written form.
?2ample6

3nterrogative Sentence with Connecting #erb ( D (,d*ective + .

..
D Sub*ect D ,d*ective D
.article (.
.. .... .:
.
is This morning cold
.. :... .
.
is Today hot
.. . ..
.
is %e kind
.. .i ..
.
is She beautiful
.. .. ..
.
are They clever
..
.
am 3 short

&. -ord
..
to like <. -ord
..
umbrella
9. -ord
..
farmer 8. -ord
.:
to be cold
:. -ord
...
to need (. -ord
...
to wear
;. -ord
.
after that =. -ord
...i.
winter season

&. -ord .. (to like
(he syllable (. ) consonan (. ) could ake is own sub3consonans ( ) bu i remains silen
when i occurs in "inal posiion.
.. . .
coul ce
(op
9. -ord .. (farmer
(he word (.. ) is "rom Pali and i has hree syllables. (he consonan ( . )remains silen when
i occurs in "inal posiion.
.. .
kak se kOO
(op
:. -ord ... (to need
(he consonan ( . ) remains silen when i occurs in "inal posiion.
... ..
rkew kAA
(op
;. -ord . (place
,onsonan (. ) could ake sub3consonans ( and , ) as medial cluser. (he word .,
consonan . akes sub3consonan ( ) as is medial cluser. 9ecause he "irs syllable is
pronounced as he "irs series o" consonan, here"ore he sencond syllable have o "ollow he "irs
series o" consoan. !n his case he second series consonan ( ) which is seen as he sub3
consonan ( ) is pronounced as he "irs series consonan.
. .
bAn o(ep mOk
(op
<. -ord .. (,ngkor wat
)iacriic Sanyok Sanha ( ) has he same value as vowel ( + ). ,onsonan (. ) could ake sub3
consonans ( ) bu i remains silen when i occurs in "inal posiion.

.. ..
cha
(op
8. -ord .: (to be cold
)iacriic banaq ( ) occurs on he op o" he "inal consonan o" a syllable ( : ) o shoren he
sound o" ha syllable. (he vowel ( + ) @aa@ "ollowed by he banaq will be pronounced shorer @a@
a"er he "irs series consonan and @o(e@ or @e(e@ a"er he second series consonan. 9ecause (: ) is
a second series syllable, he vowel ( + ) @aa@ will be pronounced @e(e@.

. :
rA cieq Eo meaning
. :
rA ce(eq o be cold
(op
(. -ord ... (to wear
)iacriic banaq ( ) occurs on he op o" he "inal consonan o" a syllable ( . ) o shoren he
sound o" ha syllable. (he vowel ( + ) @aa@ "ollowed by he banaq will be pronounced shorer @a@
a"er he "irs series consonan and @o(e@ or @e(e@ a"er he second series consonan. 9ecause (. ) is
a second series syllable, he vowel ( + ) @aa@ will be pronounced @e(e@.

. ..
pieq qaaw Eo meaning
...
pe(eq qaaw o wear
(op
=. -ord ...i. (winter season
#ll &hmer consonan here is an inheren vowel. (he inheren vowel "or he "irs consonan is @AA@
and sedon consonan is @OO@. (he word ...i. has F syllables. (he consonan (. ) a he
beginning o" syllable (..) and (.i.) could be pronounced wih is inheren vowel. 9ecause
consonan ( . ) is a second series consonan, i ake vowel @OO@ "or he pronunciaion. (he
consonan ( . ) remains silen when i occurs in "inal posiion.
...i. . . . i.
rOO douw rOO Nie
Unit ;
$esson &6 7ccupation
...[.
i.
.. :...
.
. :...
.. ... ...:.:..
. . :.:.:. ...
..
. ::.:.... ... .......
. . :.i[. ...
.. . :..

:...
cum riep sue /e##o!
. :...
caah cum riep sue. 8es" /e##o!
... ... :.:..
soum tooh #ook srey cu(enciet

$ey 0
5,cuse me" hat is 3adame
nationa#ity0
. :.:.:.
caah kn)om cu(enciet cOpon!
coh #ook 0
8es" % am a Iapanese! 4nd
you0
...
. ::.:. ...
... .......
kn)om cie cu(enciet $oustra#ii!
soum tooh #ook srey tee-kaa
$ey0
8es" % am an 4ustra#ian!
5,cuse me" hat do you do )or
a #i(in'0
. :.i[.
...
caah kn)om cie kruu-bANrien!
coh #ook 0
8es" % am a teacher! 4nd you0
. :..
baat kn)om cie kruu-pEEt! % am a medica# doctor!
$esson 96 7ccupation 9
...[. i.
.... ...:. ......:.
. .:.:..
.... ....:...:.
.

:... ......
.....:.
....
:.............:..
.

.....
:...:i....:,i.[.
......:......
.... :......t:.
. .....i.....
....
...i..
.........
. ..i..:...:.
.... ...... ::.
. ...

...:. ..... .:.
nhw srok kmae look wee kaa
qey dae?
%ha do you do in ,ambodia?
.:.:..
baa kn)om cie ne(eq cumnuen). ! am a businessman.
....:...:. look wee cumnuen) qey dae ? %ha is your business?
:...
......
.....:.
kn)om cie ne(eq luek laan.
kn)om yOOk laan pii srok qaa
mee ric hw luek nhw srok
kmae.
! am a car dealer. ! impor
cars "rom #merica o
,ambodia.
:.........
.... :..
muk cumnuen nih rOOk prak
baan creen nah maen ee?
(his business earns you a lo
o" money, isn+ i?
....... :.
..:i....:,i .[.
......:... ......
baa mhn creen ponman ee.
ponae kro(en bee cieN luek
rOObAh pseiN ie. coh look
wee qey dae nhw qaa mee ric
nih?
Eo much. 9u i is beer han
selling oher hings. %ha do
you do here in #merica?
:...... t:.
kn)om cie meehiewii nhw krom
hun qaek kecun.
! am a lawyer in a privae
company.
.....i..... look coul ce kaa Nie nih ee? )o you like his 7ob?
...i..
.........
baa coul ce klaN nah.
kn)omwee kaa nih pram muey
cnam heey.
$es, ! like i very much. ! have
been wih his 7ob "or si* years.
..i..:...:.
qan)ceN baan cie puu kae
niyiey.
(ha is why you are very good
a speaking.
......
::.
qey lew kn)om lie sen heey
cuep knie Nay kraoy.
Eow ! wan o say goodbye.
See you ne* ime.
...
baa lie heey. $es, see you.
$esson :6 Gournalist
...[. .
.:..
.... ... .:...
. .......... ...ii
.... .........:.
.
:.:..
..........,...
.... ...:.:.....
.

.... ...:.:...,..
.......:.i
........:.......
.... :..,........
. .....[. ....i...
.... i..:...... ........

....:. ..
ne(e+ thw naa kn)om men
dael kheen) ?
Where ha$e you been? #
ha$e ne$er seen you.
........ ..
. ..ii
baat kn)om thw twee kaa nhw
taam khaet. yuu yuu
mOOk,leeN mdAN.
# ha$e gone to work in
$arious pro$in!es. # $isit
here on!e in a while.
.........:.
+eylew nih twee,kaa +ey
dae?
What are you doing now?
:.:.. ..
...... ..
.,...
kn)om !ie ne(e+,kaa, saet
kn)om trew twee dAmnae thw
krOp khaet daembey yOOk
pOedAAmien
# am a -ournalist. # ha$e
to tra$el to e$ery
pro$in!es to !olle!t
in%ormation.
...:.:.. ...
twee kaa !ie ne(e+ kaa saet
pibaak tee?
#s -ob o% a -ournalist
di%%i!ult.
.... ...
:.:...,
.........
:.i
........:.... ...
min pibaak tee. twee kaa
!ie ne(e+ kaa saet sabaay
nah pruh baan sko(el krup
kAnlEEN. !oh saret twee
+ey dae peel nih?
.o' not at all. )eing a
-ournalist is %un. )e!ause
we know e$ery pla!es. &nd
what are you doing now?
:..,... ..
...
kn)om !ie niiset nhw mOO,
haa,whttyielay
pa!!aekateeh.
# am a student at the
%a!ulty o% te!hnology.
.....[. ....i...
peel rien !Op saret !AN twee
+ey?
What do you want to do
when you graduate?
i..:... ...
..... ...
kn)om !AN twee !ie wiiswak,
kOO +aakisenii pruh kn)om
!oul !et wie nah.
# want to be a ele!tri!al
engineer be!ause # like it
$ery mu!h.
$esson ;6
3 am a
Tourist
...[. t :....
.
:.....
:. . :...
. ... ..::.:..
:. ::.:.... ....
. ::.:...i ......:. ...:.
:. .:.... ....
.
:....:.
:. ....i....:...::.
. ..i..... ...
:. ..i........:....

:.....
cum riep sue. Hello sir.
. :...
baat cum riep sue. Hello.
... ..:.:.. soum tooh look cu(enciet qey ?
excuse me, what is your
nationality ?
::.:....
kn)om cie cu(enciet qaa
meeric. coh looksrey ?
I am an American. And
Madame?
....
::.:...i
......:....:.
kn)om cie cu(enciet baaraN.
look twee kaa qey nhw srok
kmae ?
I am French. What do you do
in ambodia?
.:.... ....
baat kn)om cie teehsacAA. coh

looksrey.
!es, I am a tourist. And
Madame?
:....:.
kn)om kAA cie ne(eq teehsacAA
dae.
I am also a tourist.
....i....:.
..::.
looksey nhN snaq nhw
ponman tNay dae?
How many days are you
"oin" to stay in ambodia?
..i.....
...
cah kn)om nhN snaq nhw muey
qaatht. coh look?
!es, I am "oin" to stay #or a
week. And you?
..i......
..:....
baat kn)om nhN trolAp thw srok
qaameeric nhw tNay sok nhh.
!es I will "o back to America
this Friday.
1seful -ords
:.i
kAn#EEN *lace
..
khaet *ro)ince
..:i
kro(en bee cieN &etter than
.i[.
kruu-bANrien teacher
..
kruu-pEEt doctor
:.:.
cu(enciet $ey nationalit$
:.
cOpon <a*anese
...
teehsacAA tourist
..,.
niiset college student
...
tee-kaa to (or'
.....
tee dAmnae to tra)el
...
paccaekateeh techno#o'y
..i
baaraN -rench
:.
pontae &ut
.:,i.[.
pseiN tiet other
...
po(edAAmien in.ormation
..
pibaak di..icult
..i
mOOk #eeN to )isit
:..
muk cumnuen &usiness
..
rOOk prak to earn mone$
..
rOObAh thin's
...
#ook srey 4adame
...
iisak-kOO engineer
......
iisak-kOO $aakisenii electrical engineer
.,
sabaay ha**$
..
$aatht (ee'
...
$aameeric American
.
kk$ey (hat
...
$oustra#ii Australian
.:..
ne(e$-kaa- saet -ournalist
.:..
ne(e$ cumnuen) &usinessman
...
ne(e$ #uek #aan car dealer
.. $ey#e no(
Grammar

Present Tense: Sentence with Connecting Verb ( : ! ("o#n
$% A&&irmati'e Sentence
(% "egati'e Sentence
)% *nterogati'e Sentence
+% "ote on Connecting Verb

*% Present Tense with Connecting Verb (: ! ("o#n,
$% A&&irmati'e Sentence with Connecting Verb (: ! ("o#n:
The meaning of connecting &erb (:) is (be, is) as in the sentence below;
S#b-ect !
Connecting 'erb (: )
! "o#n
<xample;
: :.:. ...
I am an /merican
. : ...
'e is a professor.
: .i[.
I am a teacher.
.. : ..
They are famers.
..... : ..
This building is a library

(% "egati'e Sentence with Connecting Verb (: ! ("o#n
The negati&e sentence of simple sentence, with connecting &erb (: ), is form by inserting the negati&e
word ( .:. or ( ..:. between the sub=ect and the main &erb of a sentence and ( . at
the end of that sentence. 0article ( . can be deleted from the negati&e sentence, but it doesn!t sound natural.
S#b-ect !
.:.
or
..:.
!
! "o#n !
.
<xample;
.:. : :.:. ... .
or
..:. : :.:. ... .
I am not an /merican
. .:. : ... .
or
. ..:. : ... .
'e is not a professor.
.:. : .i[. .
or
..:. : .i[. .
I am not a teacher.
.. .:. : .. .
or
.. ..:. : .. .
They are not famers.
..... .:. : .. .
or
..... ..:. : .. .
This building is not a library

)% *nterogati'e Sentence with Connecting Verb (: ! ("o#n
The interogati&e clause, with connecting &erb (: ), is form by adding particle (..) at the beginning of the
clause and follows by ( :.. at the end of the clause.
..
! S#b-ect !
"o#n !
:..
<xample;
.. .. : :.:. ... :..
/re you an /merican*
.. . : ... :.. Is he a professor*
.. .i : .i[. :.. Is she a teacher*
.. .. : .. :.. /re they famers*
.. ..... : .. :.. Is this building a library*

+% "ote on Connecting Verb (: )
The connecting &erb (: ) can be dropped in from the affirmati&e, negati&e, or interogati&e sentence in the
spoken form and the sentence still carries the same meaning

&. -ord
:.:.
nationality (. -ord
.
Company
9. -ord
.i[.
to teach =. -ord
:.
but
:. -ord
..
medical doctor '. -ord
t:.
private
;. -ord
.
7nce in a while &). -ord
...
information
<. -ord
...
engineer &&. -ord
..
province
8. -ord
...
electricity &9. -ord
...
technology

&. -ord :.:. (nationality
#ll &hmer consonan here is an inheren vowel. (he inheren vowel "or he "irs consonan is @AA@
and sedon consonan is @OO@. (he syllable (:. ), vowel ( ) on leer (. ) is no pronounced.
:.:. :. :.
cu(en cie
(op
9. -ord .i[. (to teach
,onsonan (i ) could ake sub3consonans ( , and ) as medial cluser. (he
word .i[., consonan i akes sub3consonan ( ) as is medial cluser.
.i[. i ..[.
bAN rien
(op
:. -ord .. (medical doctor
(he spelling o" (.. ), sub3consonan ( ) remains silen when i occurs in "inal posiion.
.. ..
kruu3pEE.
(op
;. -ord . (7nce in a while
(he "ull or parial reduplicaion sign Deikoo ( ) is used o indicae ha he word a"er which i
occurs is o be repeaed.
.
yuu yuu
(op
<. -ord ... (?ngineer
%ord (... ) has hree syllables. ,onsonan (. ) could ake sub3consonans ( ) an iniial
cluser. Since his word is "rom Sanskri, i is pronounced as illusraing in he able below.
... . .
wii swak kOO
(op
8. -ord ... (electricity
%ord (... ) has hree syllables. ,onsonan ( ) could ake sub3consonans ( ) as a medial
cluser. Since his word is "rom Sanskri, i is pronounced as illusraing in he able below.
... . . .
qaakiseni
(op
(. -ord . (company
)iacriic reysap ( ) are used o conver "our o" he "irs series consonans . and .
which have no second series counerpar o he second series consonan . and . so ha
he vowel used wih his consonan are pronounced wih he second series value.
.
krom hon Eo meaning
.
krom hun company
(op
=. -ord :. (but
)iacriic 5ousekaoan ( A is used o conver si* o" he second series consonans i . .
and . which has no second series counerpars o "irs series consonans i . . and . .
)iacriic 5ousekaoan ( A is used o conver a "irs series consonan o and "rom which has
he conerpar in he second series . .
:.
bonae Eo meaning
:.
ponae company
(op
'. -ord t:. (private
!ndependen vowel (t ) is equla o regular vowel (: ) and i is pronounced (:. )
t:. :. :.
qaek kecun
(op
&). -ord ... (information
)iacriic /obaa ( is he re"le* o" an original @r@ in Sanskri word. !n mos words, when robaa
occurs over a "inal consonan, boh he consonan and he robaa is no pronounced. !n some case,
he e""ec o" robaa is o chang he vowel o . %hen he robaa appears over a medial consonan,
robaa is pronounced.
... ...
pOedAAmien
(op
&&. -ord .. (province
%ord (.. ) has syllable. ,onsonan (. ) could ake is own sub3consonans ( ) and i remains
silen. (his word has a di""eren spelling (:., bu pronunciaion remains he same.

.. :.
khae
(op
&9. -ord ... (technology
%ord (... ) has "our syllables. ,onsonan ( ) could ake sub3consonans ( ) as
medial cluser.
... . : ..
pac cae kaeeh
Unit =
$esson &6
3n0uiring for a
/riend
...[.
....
... .....
. .........
... ... ..i.
. .......
... ... .....i..i..
. ...

..... look rOOk qnaak naa* $ir, who are you looking for*
......... look saareit nhw tee* Is .r. $areth here*
... ..i.
qAAt tee ko(et thw krong haey. #o. 'e went to the city.
....... peel naa ko(et mOOk &in). )hen will he be back*.
... ....
.i..i..
min) yuu tee. $oum look coul qAAN
kuy leeN sen.
It won!t be long. 0lease come in and
ha&e a seat.
...
qAA kun. Thank you.
$esson 96 3nvit a /riend to ?at out
...[. ..........i.
.... .,.......i ...
. ... :. r .
.... ...... ..
. ...
....
i.............::..
. .::...
.... .i..::... .....
. ..

.,....
..i
...
kn(om saabay-cit daoy baan
mOOk #eeN! mOOk dA# yuu
haey0
% am happy that you come to
(isit! /a(e you been here )or a
hi#e0
... :. r .
mhn yuu tee prOhae# dOp pram
nietii!
Bot too #on'" around 15
minutes!
...... .. pisaa baay #Niec haey rhh nh0 /a(e you had your dinner0
...
nh tee! Bot yet!
i.....
.......::..
kn)om cAN $an)-ceen) th pisaa
baay nh pooc-nii-thaan!
% ou#d #ike in(ite you to eat at
a restaurant!!
.::.. . pooc-nii-thaan muey naa0 ;hich restaurant0
.i..::.. .
.....
yeeN th pooc-nii-thaan dara
mien mhoup $NAn) $NAn) craen!
;e i## 'o to =ara restaurant!
*here are many de#icious dishes!
..
th kAA th! :et>s 'o
$esson :6 ,t a Bestaurant
...[. . ...::..
.... .:.i....
.... . . ......
....
. ...
.... ...... .........:.: .
....
.....[
.... ...i...
. ...:. .i..i.
.... . ..

.:.i.... mien kAn3laeN um3nee ee ? )o you any able le"?
. . ...
cah mien. look mien knie ponmann
ne(eq?
$es, we do. How peope are here
in your group?
...
. ...
baa mien knie pram ne(eq. $es, here are "ive o" us.
......
.........:.:.
soum qan)3ceen) mOOk aam kn)om.

look rew kaa pisaa pheesece(eq
qey?
Please, "ollow me. )o you wan
anyhing o drink?
.....[
kn)om rew kaa sraa bie. ! need a beer
...i... coh look khaaN nih ? #nd wha abou you?
...:..i
..i.
kn)om rew kaa ae hk kAAk nhN
aaraaN riey muk mhoup.
! need iced ea and a menu.
. ..
cah soum cam bOn hc $es, please wai a minue.
$esson ;6 7rder food
...[. t .
.... ...
. ..i..
. .....:i
.... . .
.
..ii....
.... .......[..
.
i....[. .i..:.:.:
.... ..i....
.
. .......

... no(ek ha mhoup th 0 9hou#d you order the )ood0
..i..
$an)ceN kaa baan!! *hat>s a## ri'ht!
.....:i
mien karii sac-mo(en dee thNay
neN0
=o you ha(e chicken curry today0
. .
cah mien! 8es" e do!
..ii....
$an)ceN kn)om caN baan karii sac-
mo(en muey caan!
*hen" % ou#d #ike to ha(e a bo#
o) chicken curry!
.......[.. #ook trou( kaa $ey tiet tee0 ;ou#d you #ike somethin' e#se0
i....[..
.i..:.:
.:.
kn)om caN baan trey-cien muey
can niN chaa-sphy krup muk
ciemuey sac-cruuk muey caan!
% ou#d #ike to ha(e a p#ate o)
)ried )ish and a p#ate o) mi,ed
(e'etab#e and pork stirred )ry!
..i.... #ook caN baan baay tee0 ;ou#d you #ike some rice0
. .......
pii caan touc-touc baan haey! *o sma## bo#s o) rice is enou'h!
$esson <6 %ave Cou ?aten
...[. r
..
. .i. . ..
..
.. ....
. :...i...i.
.. ....t.
.
i.:.... ..:.i..
i....... i.
.. ..:. ..i.:.
. ...

.i..
maoN dApmuey huey houp baay
tee0
%t is 11@30 a#ready ou#d you #ike
to 'o and eat0
..
.. ...
.
houp muncoh kn)om mhnto)en k#ien
tee 0
Co ahead and eat )irstJ % am not
yet hun'ry!
:...i...
i.
tNay nhh kn)om cAN th houp nh
khaaN kra!
% ou#d #ike to eat out today!
....t. kht th houp nh $ae-naa 0 ;here do you ha(e in mind0
i.:.... ..
:..i..i...
.... i.
haaN-chn cht nhh kn)om #hh kee thaa
mhoup-tNay-traN nh haaN nuh
cNan) nah kn)om cAN saak!
% heard that a 7hinese restaurant
c#ose to here ser(es de#icious #unch
and % ant to try!
..:.
..i.:.
pht mEEn rhh0 $an)ceN kn)om th
dae!
%s it true0 *hen" % a#so ant to 'o!
...
tAh :et>s 'o!
1seful -ords
Khmer ,id to $istening ?nglish $istening
.
karii curry
i
kron" city
i.
khaaN kraw outside$out %like in &to eat out&'
krup muk mixed

.
khlien to be hun"ry
i
cAN to want
i.
cAN saak to want to try
.
chn hinese
.
coul enter
..
chaa stirred #ry
..
qNAn delicious
:....
cht nhh close to here
..i. taaraaN riey muk mhoup menu
:.
tae thk kAAk ice tea
...
tAh letr(s "o
..[.
trey)cien #ried #ish
...
trew kaa need
:i
thNay neN today
...
tuum nee *acant %#ree'
.
nietii minute
..
ponmann how many, how much
.
baay rice
..
baay lNiec dinner
:.
prOhael around, may be
..:.
pht mEEn to be true
...
pisaa to eat
....
peel naa When
.:.:
pheesece(eq drink
.::..
pooc)nii)thaan restaurant
mOOk to come
.
mOOk dAl to arri*e at
..i
mOOk leeN to *isit
..
mOOk *in) to come back
.
mo(en chicken
.
muey caan a bowl
.i
maoN time, hour
mhoup #ood %dishes'
:.i mhoup)tNay)traN #ood #or lunch
.
yuu lon" &time&
.
reek to look #or
..i
leeN play
.,.
saabay)cit to be happy
..[
sraa bie beer
.
sac meat
.:
sac)cruuk pork
:.
sphy *e"etable
i.
haaN)chn hinese +estaurant$ ,tore
.i
qAANkuy to sit
.i..i
qAANkuy leeN to stay as a "uest at #or a while
..i
qan)ceN that(s- so
....
qan))ceen) to in*ite

The #erb ( .
&.
#erb ( . 7ccurs after a Sub*ect
a.
,ffirmative Sentence with #erb ( .
b.
5egative Sentence with #erb ( .
c.
3nterrogative Sentence with #erb ( .
9.
#erb ( . 7ccurs without a Sub*ect
a.
,ffirmative Sentence with #erb ( .
b.
5egative Sentence with #erb ( .
c.
3nterrogative Sentence with #erb ( .
:.
#erb (. as a !odal #erb
$earn this structure in grammar unit =

The #erb (.
&. The #erb (. AmienA 7ccurs after a Sub*ect.
-hen the verb (. occurs after a sub*ect, it can be conveniently translated Ato haveA.
a. ,ffirmative Sentence with #erb (.

Sub*ect D
.
D 7b*ect

?2ample6
,ffirmative Sentence with #erb (.
Sub*ect D
(.
D 7b*ect
. . .
3 have sour soup
.i . ..
-e have delicious food
. .
3 have money
. . .
%e has a car
.. . . .
They have curry
Top
b. 5egative Sentence with #erb (.

Sub*ect D
.
D
.
D 7b*ect D
.

?2ample6
5egative Sentence with #erb (.
Sub*ect D
.
D
(.
D 7b*ect D
.
. . . . .
3 do not have sour soup.
.i . . .. .
-e do not have delicious food.
. . . .
3 do not have money.
. . . . .
%e do not has a car.
.. . . . . .
They do not have curry.
Top
c. 3nterrogative Sentence with #erb (.

..
D Sub*ect D
.
D 7b*ect D
.

?2ample6
5egative Sentence with #erb (.
..
D Sub*ect D
(.
D 7b*ect D
.
.. . . . . .
"o 3 have sour soup.
.. .i . .. .
"o we have delicious food.
.. . . .
"o 3 have money.
.. . . . .
"oes he has a car.
.. .. . . . .
"o they have curry.
Top
9. #erb (. 7ccurs without a Sub*ect
-hen it occurs without a sub*ect or after a topic A or after demonstrative noun phraseA, its
meaning is >there is, there e2ists>.
a. ,ffirmative Sentence with #erb (.

, topic D
.
D 7b*ect

?2ample6
Topic D
(.
D 7b*ect
.i..::... . ..
-e will go to "ara restaurant there are many delicious dishes.
....... . ...,..
,t this school there are many students.
...::..... . ..,..
3 there are many people.
..:. . .
,t my house there is a car.
..i... . ..[..:...
,t this store there are many good books.
Top
b. 5egative Sentence with #erb (.

, topic D
.
D
.
D 7b*ect D
.

?2ample6
Topic D
.
D
(.
D 7b*ect
.
.i..::... . .
..
.
-e will go to "ara
restaurant
(not there are
many delicious
dishes.
....... . . ...,.. .
,t this school (not there are many students.
...::..... . . ..,.. .
3 (not there are many people.
..:. . . . .
,t my house (not there is a car.
..i... . . ..[..:... .
,t this store (not there are many good books.
Top
c. 3nterrogative Sentence with #erb (.

, topic D
..
D
.
D 7b*ect D
.

?2ample6
Topic D
..
D
(.
D 7b*ect
.
.i..::... .. . .. .
-e will go to "ara
restaurant
are there many delicious dishesH
....... .. . ...,..
.
,t this school are there many studentsH
...::..... .. . ..,..
.
,t this restaurant are there many peopleH
..:. .. . .
.
,t my house is there a carH
..i... .. . ..[..:...
.
,t this store are there many good booksH
..:... . i.
.
5ear the hotel is there a restaurantH
Top
5ote6
3n the interrogative sentence with verb(. , the particle (.. at the beginning of the
interrogative sentence can be droped and the particle ( also can be droped. $ook at the last
e2ample in the table above.

&. -ord
.i
to sit <. -ord
...
to drink or eat
9. -ord
.::..
restaurant 8. -ord
.:.:
a drink
:. -ord )
.
looking for (. -ord
:.
ice tea
;. -ord
..
to be delicious =. -ord

food

&. -ord .i (to sit
;ord (.i ) has to sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (i ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) as media#
c#aster!
.i .i
$AAN kuy
*op
9. -ord .::.. (restaurant
;ord (.::.. ) has 3 sy##ab#es! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) as
media# c#aster! %n this case" consonant ( ) remains si#ent!
.::.. .:: . .
pooc nii-thaan
*op
:. -ord . ( looking for
4## &hmer consonant" there is an inherent (oe#! *he inherent (oe# )or the )irst series
consonant is @AA@ and second series consonant is @OO@! *he second series consonant (. ) has an
inherent (oe# @OO@" there)ore the pronunciation o) this sy##ab#e is (rOOk)!
. .
rOOk
*op
;. -ord .. ( delicious
7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) as initia# c#aster! *he diacritic bAntA$ ( )
occurs on the top o) the )ina# consonant o) a sy##ab#e and it is used to shorten the (oe# o) that
sy##ab#e! *he )u## or partia# redup#ication si'n :eiktoo ( ) is used to indicate that the ord a)ter
hich it occurs is to be repeated!
.. ..
chNAn) chNAn)
*op
<. -ord ... (to eat or drink
;ord (... ) has 2 sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (. ) at the end o) the ord remains si#ent!
... . .
pi saa
*op
8. -ord .:.: (a drink but not alcohol
;ord (.:.: ) has three sy##ab#es!
.:.: .: . : @
phee se ce(e$
*op
(. -ord :. (ice tea
4## &hmer consonant" there is an inherent (oe#! *he inherent (oe# )or the )irst series
consonant is @AA@ and second series consonant is @OO@! *he second series consonant ( ) has an
inherent (oe# @AA@" there)ore the pronunciation o) this sy##ab#e is (kAAk)
:. :.
tae thk kAAk
*op
=. -ord (food
7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) as media# c#aster!
mhoup
Unit >
$esson &6 $ooking for a %otel
...[. ...
.... ....[.......
. .. ...i......[.
.... .........i.
. ... ...:....i...
.... .i...:....
. i...i...........
....
..............
i......
. .. ........ c
....
....

....[.... .
...
nh siem riep mien sAn-thaa-kie
thaok #mOOm tee0
4re there any hote# ith
reasonab#e price in 9iem Keap
.. ...i.
.....[.
baat mien! sAn-thaa-kie $AN kOO
thaok haey s$aat tiet0
8es there is! 4n'kor /ote# is
cheap and c#ean!
.........
i.k
sAn-thaa-kie nuh nh cNaay pii tii
kroN tee0
%s the hote# )ar )rom the city!
...
...:....i...
mhn cNaay tee! ie nh cht praa-
saat $AN-kOO o(et!
Bot )ar! %t is near 4n'kor ;at
temp#e!
.i...:.
...
mien haaN baay nh cht sAn-thaa-
kie tee!
%s there a restaurant near the
hote#0
i...i.
......
....
haaN baay nh khaN kraom sAn-
thaa-kie nuh mien mhoup chNan)
nah0
4 restaurant in that hote# has
de#icious )ood!
........
......
i...
...
coh dara mien #ee$ tuu-rOsap sAn-
thaa-kie nuh tee0 kn)om cAN kAk
muey bAn-tup sAm-rap $aa-tht
kraoy!
=o you ha(e te#ephone numbern
)or the hote#0 % ant to book a
room )or ne,t eek!
.. .....
... c
baat kn)om mien! nih #ee$ tuu-
rOsap soun dAp pii prambey rOy-
cht sep pram-buen rOy kao sep
pram buen!
8es" % ha(e! /ere is the phone
number 012 870 999!
....
$AA kun dara *hank you =ara!
$esson 96 3n a %otel
...[. .....
:. ........
...:[.. . ........
:.
.......
...:[........:
:.
:...
...:[..... .i...:: r
.
:. ...:i....
...:[... ..[.: .
:. .........
...:[.. .....
:.
..
...:[.. ...

........ look mien bOn2tup tuum nee tee* o you ha&e a &acant room*
. .
........
baat mien. look trew kaa bOn2tup thum
rhh touc*
Yes, I ha&e. o you like a big room or
a small room*
.......
bOn2tup thum som2rap pii ne(eq. / big room for two people.
.......: look snaak nhw ponmaan tNay* 'ow long will you stay*
:...
pro2hael muey qaa tht. /bout one week.
.... .i
...: : r
.
bOn2tup thum mien bOn2tup thk and
masen trAA ce(eq me2nphhy pram
dolaa.
/ big room with bathroom and
airconditioning is 47 dollar a day.
...:i.... mien bOn2tup thaok cieN nih tee* o you ha&e a cheaper one*
..
..[.:
.
baat mien. bOn tup muey tiet tlay me
phhy dollar.
Yes, I ha&e. The other room is 4>
dollar.
......... kn)om som meel bOn2tup sen baan tee* .ay I ha&e a look*
. .....
baat soum qan)ceen) 0lease, go ahead.
..
kn)om yOOk bOn2tup thum muey. I take the big one.
. ...
baat, qAA2kun. Yes, thank you.
$esson :6 3n0uiring for a %otel
...[. . .....
. .....i:....
. .....i..i.
. .....:... ....t.
. ...... .....
. ...i...
. ......:.[.:i
. .:..:.
. :. r .
.
...:..:.

.....i:....
mien hlo)ep hw leeN pnum3phn)
ee?
Have you visied Phnom Penh?
.....i..i .
baa kn)om hlo)ep hw leeN cra)en
dAAN haey.
$es, ! have visied "or many imes.
.....:... ....t.
peel nhw pnum3phn) ne(eq snak nhw
qae naa ?
%here did you say when you were
in Phnom Penh?
......
.....
kn)om snaaq nhw sAnhaakie
'olden 'ae.
! sayed a 'olden 'ae Hoel.
...i... sAnhaakie nhNsqaa ee? !s he hoel clean?
......: .[.:i
sqaa haey mhn sew lay ie phAAN.

! is clean and also ine*pensive.
.:..:. muey yup dAmlay ponmaan dae? How much does i cos per nigh?
:. r . prAA3hael mephhy3pram dulaa. ! is abou G? dollars.
...:..:.
mhn3sew lay ponmaan dae. ! is no very e*pensive.
$esson ;6 !eeting in the %otel
...[. t :.....
.... :......
.
:.........
...........:.s
....
. i.
. ...:.....:.
....
:....
. .......i
....
..ii.
.:.:.....
. .......:.:.
.... .......:.i.

:...... cum riep sue look daaraa ? Hello, 5r. )ara?
:.........
..
. ........:. s
cum riep sue look Sarei. look
snaq nhw sanhaakie nih dae?
Hello, 5r. Sare. #re you saying
in his hoel oo?
. i.
9aa nhN haey. $es.
...:.....
:.
look mOOk dAl pnum3phn) ponmaan
hNay haey?
How many days have you been in
Phnom Penh?
:....
prAhael muey qaah haey . #ppro*imaely one week already.
.......i look mOOk wee kaa rhh mOOk leeN ?
)id you come here "or business or
"or a visi?
..ii.
.:.:.
....
kn)om mOOk leeN bAAN3proh kn)om.
kn)om mhn dael cuep ko)e craen
cnam haey.
! came here o visi my older
broher. ! have no me him "or a
number o" years.
.......:. look ralap hw whn) Nay naa? %hen will you go back?
:.i....
...
Nay qaNkie kn)om ralap hw whn)
haey .
! will go back on (uesday.
$esson <6
$ooking for a %ouse to
Bent
...[. r .:.:.
:.
:...
.... ..:.....:.:..
:.
..:.....i. ...:.:....:.
.... ... ..
:.
..r. ...[..
......:.
.... :....:i...
:. ..i..... . :..

:...
cum riep sue. /e##o!
..:.... .:.:.. nh cht nih mien pte(eh cue# tee0 %s there a house )or rent near here0
..:.... .i.
nh cht nih kn)om mhn dhN tee! bae
nh cht pte(eh kn)om mien pii bey
% don>t kno i) there is near here!
*here are to or three near my house!
...:.:....:.
dae!
... .. s$aat tee0 thum rhh touc0 %s the house #ook nice0 +i' or sma##0
..r. ...[..
......:.
muey thum mien pram bOn-tup! pii
tiet touc touc! kn)om thaa s$aat"
haey mhn se t#ay tee!
?ne is )i(e rooms and the other to
are sma##! % think the house is c#ean
and they are not (ery e,pensi(e!
:....:i... coun kn)om th mee# phON baan tee0
7an you take me to ha(e a #ook at
those house0
..i..... .
:..
baan" cAN th pei# naa0 brap kn)om"
kn)om coun th!
;hen do you ant to 'o0 *e## me %
i## take you there!
1seful -ords

kAk o reserve
..i craen dAAN many imes
.. chNan) delicious
. cNaay "ar
. cnam year
:. ch near
:. cuun ake (someone) o
i dhN know
.: dAmlay cos
: cuep o mee
. ouc small
. haok o be cheap
.:i haok cieN o be cheaper
.. haok3lmOOm reasonable price
: lay e*pensive
... uum nee vacan
...i hw leeN visi
. hum big
. hlo(ep used o (have been)
... wee kaa work (business)
. bOn3up room
. bOn3up hk bahroom
:. pro3hael appro*imaely
.. praa3saa emple
:.:. pe(eh cuel house "or ren
. mOOk dA arrive (have been o)
...: masen rAA ce(eq aircondiioning
.:. mhn dael never (have no me)
... mhn sew no so e*pensive
.. muey qaa h one week.
mhoup "ood.
yOOk ake
..... leeq uu3rOsap elephone number
... sAn3haa3kie hoel
.. som3rap "or
... som emel o have a look
... snaak nhw say
.. sqaa clean (nice beaui"ul)
i. haaN baay resauran

#erb ( . as a !odal #erb
&.
,ffirmative Sentence with #erb ( . as a !odal #erb
9.
5egative Sentence with #erb ( . as a !odal #erb
:.
3nterrogative Sentence with #erb ( . as a !odal #erb
;. 5ote

#erb (. as a !odal #erb
The verb (. occurs in the modal verb position, it means something like >to happen to>, to
have occasion (to do something> as in (pro+drop language. 3n some dialects mien tends to
replace the modal verb baan >to have done something, to have had occasion to do something.
&. ,ffirmative Sentence with #erb (. as a !odal #erb

Sub*ect D
.
D #erb D 7b*ect

?2ample6
,ffirmative Sentence with #erb (. as a !odal #erb
Sub*ect D
(.
D #erb D 7b*ect
. . ...i:...
3 have had occasion to visit .hnom .enh or 3 have visited .hnom .enh.
.i . .. :.i..
-e have known many places or 3 have knowledge of many places.
. . . ...:.
%e has had occasion to visit Cambodia or %e has visited Cambodia.
. i :.i....
3 have known many car dealers.
.. . ..[.
:...
They have studies some Khmer or They are happen to study some
khmer.
Top
9. 5egative Sentence with #erb (. as a !odal #erb

Sub*ect D
.
D
.
D #erb D 7b*ect D
.

?2ample6
5egative Sentence with #erb (. as a !odal #erb
Sub*ect D
.
D
(.
D #erb D 7b*ect D
.
. . . ...i:... .
3 have not had occasion to visit .hnom .enh or 3 have not visited .hnom .enh.
.i . . .. :.i.. .
-e have not known many places or 3 have not knowledge of many places.
. . . . ...:. .
%e has not had occasion to visit Cambodia or %e has not visited Cambodia.
. . i :.i.... .
3 have not known many car dealers.
.. . . ..[. :... .
They have not studies some Khmer or They are not happen to study some
khmer.
Top
:. 3nterrogative Sentence with #erb (. as a !odal #erb

..
D Sub*ect D
.
D #erb D 7b*ect D
.

?2ample6
3nterrogative Sentence with #erb (. as a !odal #erb
..
D Sub*ect D
(.
D #erb D 7b*ect D
.
.. .. . . ...i:...
.
%ave you had an occasion to visit .hnom .enhH or %ave you visited .hnom
.enhH
.. .. . .. :.i.. .
%ave they known many placesH or %ave they had knowledge of many places.
.. .i . . ...:. .
%as she had occasion to visit CambodiaH or %as she visited CambodiaH
.. .. . i :.i.... .
%ave you known many car dealersH
.. .. . ..[. :... .
%ave they studies some KhmerH or ,re they happen to study some khmerH
Top
5ote6
#erb (. as a modal verb is commonly used in the interrogative sentence

&. -ord
...
hotel <. -ord
...
telephone
9. -ord
..
reasonable
price
8. -ord
i
that
:. -ord )
..
to be clean (. -ord
.
room
;. -ord
to deposit =. -ord
...:
airconditioning

&. -ord ... ( hotel
Eoun (... ) has hree syllables. ,onsonan (. ) could ake sub3consonans ( ) as medial
claser. ,onsonan (. ) a he end o" he word remains silen. ,onsonan ( ) and ( ) have he
same sound, loaned words "rom Sanskri and Pali are o"en spell wih ( ).
... ..
sAn3haa3kie
(op
9. -ord .. ( reasonable price
%ord (.. ) has wo syllables. ,onsonan (. ) could ake sub3consonans ( ) as iniial
claser. !n his case.
.. . .
haok lmOOm
(op
:. -ord .. (medical doctor
,onsonan (. ) could ake sub3consonans ( ) as iniial claser.
.. ..
sqaa
(op
;. -ord ( to deposit
#ll &hmer consonan, here is an inheren vowel. (he inheren vowel "or he "irs series consonan
is @AA@ and second series consonan is @OO@. (he "irs series consonan ( ) has an inheren vowel
@AA@, here"ore he pronunciaion o" his syllable is (kOOk). (he diacriic bAnAq ( ) occurs on he op
o" he "inal consonan o" a syllable and i is used o shoren he vowel o" ha syllable.
kAAk o be "roHen

kAk o deposi
(op
<. -ord ... ( telephone
%ord (... ) has hree syllables. ,onsonan (. ) in he middle o" his word is pronounced wih is
inheren vowel @OO@. )iacriic Sanyok Sanha ( ) is used in a cerain loaned words "rom Pali or
Sanskri. (he syllable (.. ), he diacriic has he same value as vowel (3 ). Sub3consonan ( )
"ound under consonan (. ) is no pronouned in syllable (.. ).
... . .
uu3rOsap
(op
8. -ord i ( that
%ord (i) has a syllable. ,onsonan ( ) is silen. Sub3consonan ( ) is pronounced as a
replacemen o consonan ( ).
i .i
nhN
(op
(. -ord . ( room
,onsonan (. ) ake sub3consonans ( ) as medial claser. #ll &hmer consonan, here is an
inheren vowel. (he inheren vowel "or he "irs series consonan is @AA@ and second series
consonan is @OO@. (he second series consonan ( ) has an inheren vowel @AA@, here"ore he
pronunciaion o" his syllable is (AAp). (he diacriic bAnAq ( ) occurs on he op o" he "inal
consonan o" a syllable and i is used o shoren he vowel o" ha syllable.
. .
bAn3up
(op
=. -ord ...: (airconditioning
(he word (...: ) has "our syllables. &bies kroam ( ) is used in lieu o" diacriic (reysap
( ) when consonans are used wih vowels ( ).
...: ...:
ma sen rAA ce(eq
Unit ?
$esson &6 ,sking Time
...[.
...i
.a ..i:.
..
.i...
.
.i:. . . .i....
...:...::...[.i
..
:...i.......i
.i...[..i..
. .i . .
..
............:.
.i........ .....
. ..i..
..
......
. .....

:.i :.
pn)&ek laeN plhh hae$2 3ak& up! i" i# alr&ad$ dawn2.
.i... maN pnmaan hae$ + 3ha" "im& i# i"+
.i:. . .
.i....
...:...::...[.i
maN ci" pram4mue$ hae$.
$eeN mhn kue $hh" "&& prueh
"hNa$ nhh cie "hNa$ cul rien
dam4dAmbuN.
," i# alm#" #i5 6clck. 3& #huldn6"
b& la"& b&cau#& i" i# "h& %ir#" da$ %
#chl.
:...i...
....i
.i...[..i..
mEEn hae$ $eeN "rev "hw qa$
"(en maN. $eeN cul rien
maN pnmaan+
7% cur#& w& #huld )&" "h&r& n
"im&. 3ha" "im& d&# cla## #"ar"+
.i . . maN pramphl #aam#ep nie"ii. 8" #&v&n4"hir"$.
............:.
.i....
.........
mhn qe$ "a& nhw #Al p&&l craen
da&. $eeN kue n)am qaahaa
p&&l4prhk ruec #en #hm "hw.
- prbl&m9 w& #"ill hav& "im&. 3&
#huld &a" br&ak%a#" b&%r& w& ).
..i..
qan)ceN kAA baan. 0ha"6# %in&.
......
kn)m "vee ruec4hae$ n)am "hw. , mad& i" alr&ad$ ) ah&ad and i".
.....
qAA4kun craen. 0hank $u.
$esson 96 "ays of a -eek
...[.
:i..
.a,.....
....
......... :......
. .........:.
......i.......:...
.
...:.i..:... .:..
.i.:.
..........
.
.............:i
...i.:.
....
i. ....

,..... mse# mhn) ne(e$ th naa0 ;here did you 'o yesterday0
........ .
:..... .
kn)om th sara$-mu(enthh th m(e(e#
ruup cAm#a$ tae sara$-mu(enthh bet
tie.
% ent to the museum to see statues!
......... :.
sara$-mu(enthh mhn baek tee nh
thNay can!
*he museum is not open on 3onday!
..i.....
..:...
#ook deN sara$-mu(enthh baek nh
thNay naa k#ah tee0
9ir" do you kno on hat days it is open0!
...:.i.. :...
. :.. .i:.
kee baek pii thNay $ANkie dA#
thNay sa haey bet thNay $atiht
nhN thNay can!
%t is open )rom *uesday to 9aturday and is
c#osed on 9unday and 3onday!
......
$AA-kun #ook sok! *hanks 3r! 9aret!
......
.......:i
...i.:.
$atiht kraoy prsen bea #ook th
tuureesap ha kn)om phAAN prueh
kn)om cAN th dae!
Be,t eek 'i(e me a ca## i) you 'o !
i... ..
neN haey cam kn)om tuureesap th! 9ure" % i## ca## you!
$esson :6
!onth and
Cear
...[. . :.i.
. ....:.....
.. ..i.:....
. ......:.:.
.. .i......:...
.
...:. ........ ........
.. i. ......:.
. .........:t...
.. ...:.
.
.. ..i

....:..... look thw srok)kmae peel)naa?
When are you "oin" to
ambodia?
..i.:....
baat kn)om nhN thw kae tola
cnam kraoy.
I will "o to cambodia in
.ctober next year.
......:.:.
look trAlAp mOOk whn) kae naa
dae?

What month are you "oin" to
come back?
.i......
:.
kn)om trAlAp mOOk whn) nhw kae
cnam kaoy.
I will "o back in /anuary.
...:. ........
........
nhw srok)kmae redew nhh
lqAA nah pru(eh wie mhn sew
kdaw.
It is *ery nice in this season
because it is not hot.
i. ......:.
nhN haey redew nhh trAce(eq
bAntec.
!ou are ri"ht, this season is a
bit colder.
.........:
t...
look thw twee qey dAl thw bey
buen khae qae)noh?
Why do you ha*e to be there
#or three to #our months?
...:.
cOm)puh kn)om, kn)om coul cit
mien tNay cieN mien plieN.
I will do my research o*er
there.
.. ..i
kn)om kOO qan))ceN dae. .h0 I know.
$esson ;6 !aking ,ppoinment
...[. t ...:
.a
:... ...:....:.. .[i
..i...:.
..
...........:...
i...:....:...
.
...........:.. .i ... .i.i
t..
.. :.......:..
.
.....i.:.......:..
.:..i.........i..i.
.. ..i ...i.....
. ....i ..i....:.
..
. ..
. .....i

:... ...:..
..:.. .[i
..i...:.
cum riep sue nhh cie kaariyaa#ay
#ook (eicce(ek-bAndht hok hiieN!
ne(e$-nieN mien kaa $ey dae0
/e##o! *his is =r! /ok /ien'>s o))ice!
7ou#d you te## me the reason )or your ca##0
......... ..
:... i...:
....:...
kn)om mhn se srue# k#uen tee
ponmaan tNay nih! kn)om cAN
pikru(eh ciemuey #ook (eicce(ek-
bAndht bAntec!
% ha(e not been )ee#in' e## o(er the #ast
)e days! % ou#d #ike to consu#t the
doctor!
........... :..
.i ... .i.i
t..
sapdaa nih ko(et tumnee nh tNay
put maoN bey-saamsep nietii nhN
buen-saamsep nietii!
-or this eek" he is )ree on ;ednesday at
3@ 30 and 4@30!
:.......:..
kn)om co(ep rOOu(e# rOO-hout nh
tNay put!
% am busy a## day on ;ednesday!
.....i.
:.....
..:...:..i
........ .i
..i.
prAs(en-ba(e ne(e$-nieN mOOk tNay
sok hn) #ook (eicce(ek-bAndht $aac
cu(ep ne(e$-nieN baan nh cAn#Ah
pii mo(eN mey th mo(eN bey #Niec!
%) you cou#d come on -riday instead" the
doctor can see you beteen one to threee
p!m!
..i...i.. ...
$An)c(eN kn)om $aac th mo(eN pii
baan tee0
*hen" can % come at to o> c#ock!
....i ..i....:.
baan ne(e$-nieN! ne(e$-nieN cmu(eh
$ey dae0
*hat is )ine" sir! ;hat is your )u## name0
. ..
can na(y! 7an 9ok!
.....i
$AA-kuun ne(e$-nieN! *hank you" sir!
1seful -ords
ka$kedaa Iu#y
.
kan)n)aa 9eptember
..
kaariyaa#ay o))ice
kumphe(e$ -ebruary
.
kda hot
.
kraoy ne,t (day)
:
khae month
.
cnam year
i
dOmbouN be'innin'
..
to#aa ?ctober
.:
trAce(e$ co#d
..
trA#Ap to return
:
tNay day
:.
tNay-can 3onday
:.i.
tNay-$ANkie *uesday
:..
tNay-put ;ednesday
:..,. tNay-prOho(eh *hursday
:.
tNay-sok -riday
:...
tNay-sa 9aturday
:..
tNay-$atht 9unday
....
tuureesap ha to ca## (te#ephone)
...
tumnee )ree" a(ai#ab#e
. tnuu =ecember
.
nietii minute
.
bAntec a #itt#e bit
bet c#ose
.
baek open
...
prsen bea %)
...
pikru(eh to consu#t
...
pee# time
....
pee#-naa hen
....
pee# prh$ mornin' time
...
prueh because
:.i
pn)eek #aeN ;ake up
:
p#hh dan
.
me(ekeraa Ianuary
.i
maoN hour
.
mithonaa Iune
.
minaa 3atch
.
mun #ast (day)
..
meesaa 4pri#
,..
mse# mhn) yesterday
..
rOO-de season
.
ruup cAm#a$ statues
.
hccekaa Bo(ember
..
inietii second
..:..
(eicce(ek-bAndht doctor
.. ..
sapaadaa eek
....
sara$-mu(enthh museum
.
seyhaa 4u'ust
..:.
sraa crie research
.:.
srok-kmae 7ambodia
..
$aa haa )ood
|.:
$uhsephie 3ay

3. ,dverb of Time 1se in .ast Tense
33..ast Tense
=. #""irmaive senence
G. Eegaive senence
<. !nerrogaive senence

3. ,dverb of Time
,dverb of time is very important in Khmer past tense, it provides precise information about
past tense. ,dverb of time uses for past tense includes6
,dverb of Time
....
peel mun last time
.i..
aN pii mun before this time
,..
msel mhn) yesterday
:...
hNai qaa i mun last week
,.:
msel muey hNai the day before yester day
:.
hNai mun last day
:.
khae mun last month
..
chnam mun last year
.
yOp mhn) last night
......
kaal pii yuu nah mOOk haey once upon a time
i...
knoN bo raane kaal in the ancient times
....
mun nih *ust or a little time ago
5ote6
Khmer adverb of time is usually found at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
Top
33. .ast Tense
The structure of past tense in Khmer language is different from ?nglish. The past tense is
formed by adding adverb of time to the beginning or at the end of the present tense.
&. ,ffirmative Sentence6
,ffirmative Sentence for .ast Tense
,dverb of Time for .ast Tense / .resent Tense
,dverb of Time for .ast Tense / Sub*ect D #erb
,dverb of Time for .ast Tense / Sub*ect D #erb D 7b*ect
7r
.resent Tense / ,dverb of Time for .ast
Sub*ect D #erb D 7b*ect / ,dverb of Time for .ast Tense
Sub*ect D #erb D 7b*ect / ,dverb of Time for .ast Tense
?2ample6

,dv for .T /Su&-ect / 0erb / 1b2e!t
,.. . ....
Cesterday 3 go to (went the museum.
:. : ....
$ast month 3 meet (met Saret.
.
$ast night 3 cry (cried
.. . ...i .:.
$ast year he visits (visited Cambodia
.... .i ....
, little time ago she
comes to
(came
my school.
:... .. ... ......
$ast week they stays (stayed in this hotel.
:. . ..
$ast day (one day
in the past
3 buy (bought a computer.

Top
9. 5egative Sentence for .ast Tense
The negative sentence for past tense is formed by adding adverb of time to the beginning or
at the end of the negative present tense.
5egative Sentence for .ast Tense
,dverb of Time for .ast Tense / 5egative .resent Tense
,dverb of Time for .ast Tense / Su&-ect /
.
or
..
/ 0erb /
.
,dverb of Time for .ast Tense / &ub2e!t /
.
or
..
/ 0erb / 1b2e!t /
.
7r
.resent Tense / ,dverb of Time for .ast Tense
Su&-ect /
.
or
..
/ 0erb /
.
/ ,dverb of Time for .ast Tense
&ub2e!t /
.
or
..
/ 0erb / 1b2e!t /
.
?2ample6

,dv for .T /Su&-ect /
.
/ 0erb / 1b2e!t /
.
,.. . . .... .
Cesterday 3 did not go to the museum.
:. . : .... .
$ast month 3 did not meet Saret.
. . .
$ast night 3 did not cry
.. . . ...i .:. .
$ast year he did not visit Cambodia
.... .i . .... .
, little time ago she did not comes to my school.
:... .. . ... ...... .
$ast week they did not stay in this hotel.
:. . . .. .
$ast day (one day
in the past
3 did not buy a computer.

Top
:. 3nterrogative Sentence for .ast Tense
The interrogative sentence for past tense is formed by adding adverb of time to the
beginning or at the end of the interrogative present tense.
,dverb of Time for .ast Tense / .resent Tense
,dverb of Time for .ast Tense /
..
/ &ub2e!t / 0erb /
.
,dverb of Time for .ast Tense /

..
/ &ub2e!t / 0erb / 1b2e!t /
.
7r
.resent Tense / ,dverb of Time for .ast Tense
..
/ &ub2e!t / 0erb /
. / ,dverb of Time for .ast Tense
..
/ &ub2e!t / 0erb / 1b2e!t /
.
?2ample6

,dv for .T /
..
/ Su&-ect / 0erb / 1b2e!t / .
,.. .. .i . ....
.
Cesterday did she go to the museumH
:. .. .. : ....
.
$ast month did you meet SaretH
. .. .
.
$ast night did you cryH
.. .. . ...i .:.
.
$ast year did he visit CambodiaH
.... .. .i ....
.
, little time ago did she come to my schoolH
:... .. .. ... ......
.
$ast week did they stay in this hotelH
:. .. .. . ..
.
$ast day (one day
in the past
you buy a computerH

&. -ord
:
to wake up <. -ord
..
office
9. -ord
.
statues 8. -ord
..:..
doctor
:. -ord )
....
museum (. -ord
...
between
;. -ord

to close =. -ord
:.
!onday

&. -ord : ( to wake up
;ord (: ) has to sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (: ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) as initia# c#aster!
*he diacritic bAntA$ ( ) occurs on the top o) the )ina# consonant o) a sy##ab#e and it is used to
shorten the (oe# o) that sy##ab#e!
: :
pn)eek
5ote6
7onsonant (. ) has to sub-consonants ( ) and ( )!
9ub-consonant ( ) is used as an initia# c#aster and ( ) is used as a media# c#aster!
*op
9. -ord . ( statue
;ord (. ) has three sy##ab#es! 4## &hmer consonant" there is an inherent (oe#! *he
inherent (oe# )or the )irst series consonant is @AA@ and second series consonant is @OO@! *he )irst
series consonant ( ) has an inherent (oe# @AA@! *he inherent (oe# )or the )irst series
consonant became shorter hen it )o##os consonant ( )" there)ore the pronunciation o) this
sy##ab#e is (cAm)! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d takes sub-consonant ( ) as a media# c#aster! *he
diacritic bAntA$ ( ) occurs on the top o) the )ina# consonant o) a sy##ab#e and it is used to shorten
the (oe# o) that sy##ab#e!
. . .
ruup cAm #a$
Bote@
*he inherent (oe# )or the )irst series consonant became shorter hen it )o##os consonant ( )!
*op
:. -ord .... ( museum
;ord (.... ) has )our sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (. ) in the midd#e o) the ords is usua##y
pronouned as (ra$)! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as a media# c#aster! 7onsonant
(. ) at the end o) the ord usua##y remains si#ent!
.... . . .
sa ra$ mu(en thh
*op
;. -ord ( to close
;ord ( ) has a sy##ab#e! *here are to )orm o) spe##in's! ;hen the ord end ith second
series consonant ( )" it means (to c#ose)! %) the ord end ith )irst series consonant (. )" it
means (to stick)! *he pronunciation o) the to ords are the same!
.
bet
*op
<. -ord .. ( office
;ord (.. ) has )our sy##ab#es! =iacritic 9anyok 9anha ( ) is used in a certain #oaned
ords )rom 6a#i or 9anskrit! *he sy##ab#e (. ) ends in consonant ( )" there)ore the diacritic
has the same (a#ue as (oe# (: - )!
..
kaa ri yaa
#y
no meanin'
..
kaa ri yaa #ay o))ice
*op
8. -ord ..:.. ( doctor
;ord (..:.. ) has )our sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (: ) in the midd#e o) the ords is usua##y
pronouned as (ce(ek)! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as a media# c#aster!
..:.. ..: : . .
(eic ce(ek bAn dht
*op
(. -ord ... ( between
;ord (... ) has to sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (. ) take sub-consonants ( ) as media# c#aster!
... . ..
cAn #Ah
*op
=. -ord :. (!onday
*he ord (:. ) has to sy##ab#es! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as a initia#
c#aster! *he sy##ab#e (. )" the diacritic ( ) has the same (a#ue as (oe# (- )! 9ub-consonant (
) )ound under consonant (. ) is not pronouned in sy##ab#e (. )!
:. : .
thNay can
Unit 17
$esson &6 ,sking "irection to 5ational !useum
...[. ...:......:.
.a ...i. i......:..
..
...
. ..i...... ....:...:..
.. ..... ........
.
...
..
............ ....:.
.i.. .......:. ....
......i..:. .... ..:.
..i.:.....:. :.
...i...:.i..i..i: .
.
.....

...i.
i......:..
soum toh bAN proh bAN sko(el saraq2
mu(enthh ciet tee
le& nhh baan tee.
<xcuse me elder brother? can I go to
the #ational .useum through this
street*
...
baat kn)om sko(el. Yes, you can.
..i......
....:...:..
tae bAN proh qaac prap kn)om baan
tee saraq2mu(enthh ciet thw tam phle&
naa.
1an you tell me how @to get thereA*
.....
........
baat kn)om qaac prap baan. look
sko(el mOOhaa2withey siihanuq tee*
Yes, I could. $ir, do you know
$ihanouk 9oule&ard*
...
baat kn)om sko(el. Yes I know.
..........
......:..i..
.......:...
........i
..:. .... ..:.
..i.:. ....
:. :.
...i.. .:.i..
i..i:.....:.
..:.i .:.i
nhw peel look thw dAAl mOOhaa2
withey siihanuq look trew cih thw
kaaN kaet rOOhout2dAl look kheen)
phle& sothiero(eh. bAAnto(ep2mOOk
look bAt cweiN nhw phle&
sothieru(eh. look cih thw trAN nhw
lee phle& sothieru(eh prAhael muey2
po(en maet look nhN kheen) riec&e(eN
nhw khaaN cweiN 2day huey saraq2
mu(enthh ciet nhw co(ep nhN riec&e(eN.
)hen you get to $ihnouk 9oule&ard,
you need to go straight to the east
until you see $othearos $treet. Then,
you turn left at $othearos $treet. You
go straignt on $othearos $treet for
about 3>>> meters, then you will see
the 8oyal 0alace on the left hand side
and the #ational .useum is located
next to the 8oyal 0alace.
.....
qAA2kun craen. Thanks a lot.
$esson 96 Fiving "irection to /riend>s %ouse
...[. .:..:..
.a ....:..:....
..
...
. :.....
.. ....:.. :..:....
. .....i.i:.
..
...i..i....:i.....i
..:.i.. ...:...:.
i.:
.
.....

....:..:....
vuhaa sko(el plew hw pe(eh riinaa
ee?
Iuha, do you know he road o
/yna+s house?.
...
baa kn)om sko(el. $es, ! know.
:..... pe(eh ko(e hw aam naa? How do ! go o his house?
....:..
:..:....
kn)om mhn ceh prap plew ee,
ponae kn)om qaac cuun hw baan.
! don+ know how o give direcion,
bu ! can lead you here.
.....i.i:..
Ah qan)ceN laeN cih mOOk De+s ge on my bike.
...i..i...
.:i. ....i
..:.i..
...:...:.i.:
qeylew yeeN hw rON rOOhou dOl
pleeN sop ruec bO cweiN. nhw
plew khaaN muk bO sdam nhh
pe(eh ko(e soum qaep khaN sdam
day.
Eow we go sraigh unil we ge o
he ra""ic ligh hen urn le". (urn
righ a he ne* sree. (his is his
house, please pull over on he righ
hand side.
.....
qaa3kun craen. (hank you very much.
$esson :6 -here is the ,merican ?mbassy
...[. .
........t.
.
a
...........
.. ....
.
i................
.. .... :...:.....
.
..........:...:
........... ..
.. .........
.
.... ..........i:...
.. ..i.....

...........
vuhaa sko(el saan3uu qaa3mee3
ric ee?
Iuha, do you know #merican
-mbassy?
.... daaraa mien kaa qey? %ha can ! help you?
i......
..........
kn)om cAN qaoy yOOk som bo nhw
lee ok nuh hw san3uu.
! wan you o ake a leer on ha
able o he embassy.
.... :...:.
....
kn)om mhn sko(Ol ee ae bae prap
plew kn)om qaac yOOk hw baan.
! don+ know he place, bu i" you
give me direcion ! can ake i
here.
..........:.
..:..........
...
qey lew saan3uu nhw ce wo(e
pnom sue kee nhw ii nuh hw kee
sko(el haey.
Eow he embassy is near %a
Phnom. $ou can ask people over
here hey will ell you where he
embassy is.
.....i ....
mien qey comnam nhw khaaN muk
ee?
!s here anyhing noicable in "ron
o" he embassy?
..........
....i:
sruel rOOk ee. nhw pii muk saan3
uu qaa3mei ric mien uN- cay
muey.
! is easy o "ind. !n "ron o" he
embassy here is an #merican "lag.
..i....
qan)3ceN kn)om qaac rOOk kheen). So, ! can "ind i.
$esson ;6 The -ay to Svay #illage
...[. t :..:.
. ....:..:..
..
...
. ..:.....
.. ...... ...:.:... .
. ...
..
... ...:.....i...
:,...[. ..:,.....:..
.....:.......i :.
.:...i..:..
.
..... ..

....:..:. .
rinaa sko(el plew hw phuum swaay
ee?
/ina, do you know he road o Phoum
Svay?.
...
..:..... ae phuum swaay sruel rOOk ee ? !s Phoum Svay easy o "ind?
......
...:.:... .
daaraa mhn pibaak rOOk ee. dara
sko(el plew cie leik pii ee?
)ara i is no di""icul. )ara do you know
Eaional /oad Eumber G ?
...
... ...:.
....i...:,...[.
..:,...... .
....:......
.i:..:.
..i..:..
sruel hey. dara hw rAN plew nih
raN rOhou dal psaa siem3riep.
nhw psaa nih mien dey hom
muey. )aaraa ba3sdam nhw plew
nih hey hw raN phrAhael pram
kilou mae daaraa nhN hw dAl
phuum swaay haey.
(ha+s easy. )ara go sraigh on his road
unil you ge o Siem /iep marke. # his
marke here is a big dir road. )ara urn
righ ino his road and go sraig "or abou
"ive kilomeers )ara wil reach Phoum
Svay.
..... ..
qaa3kun craen /inaa. (hanks a lo /ina.
1seful -ords
i
kaaN side" to the direction o)
i..
kaaN kaet 5ast
i.
kaaN kraom +e#o
i.:i
kaaN ceeN Borth
i..
kaaN #ee 4bo(e
i.:
khaN sdam day on the ri'ht hand side
..
kheen)! 9ee
i
cAN ;ant
..
ceh &no
..i
ceiN :e)t
..i:
ceiN -day on the #e)t
:.
cih Kide
.
tok tab#e
...
tre th 3ust 'o
i:
tuN- cay -#a'
..i
th traN Co strai'ht
....
nh #ee 4bo(e
..:.
nh cet Bear
.
bAt *urn
.
prap *e##
:. ph#e( road" street
:.:. p#e ciet nationa# road
:
phuum (i##a'e
.:i.
p#eeN stop *ra))ic #i'ht
.
mOOhaa-ithey +ou#er(ard
:.
maet meter
...
kheen)! -ind
.:.i
riec(e(eN Koya# 6a#ace
....:.
pn)eek #aeN Bationa# museum
..
sou 4sk
..
som bot :etter
..
sko(e# &no
.
sdam Ki'ht
...
stan-tuut embassy
...
srue# rOOk 5asy to )ine
:.i
$aep khaN 6u## o(er
.. $ey#e Bo

, !odel #erb ( . and Completive #erb ( ..
,.
,ffirmative Sentence with !odel #erb ( .
and Completive #erb ( ..
B.
5egative Sentence with !odel #erb ( . and
Completive #erb ( ..
C.
3nterrogative Sentence with !odel #erb
( . and Completive #erb ( ..
5ote

, !odel #erb (. and Completive #erb (..
, model verb (. means Acan, to be able to or to have the ability toA. 3n general it
occures with a completive verb (. . 3n this unit, 3 would like to introduce some e2amples
that the model verb (. is used with a completive verb (.. .
,. ,ffirmative Sentence with !odel #erb (. and Completive #erb (..

Sub*ect D
.
D #erb D 7b*ective D
..

?2ample6
,ffirmative Sentence with !odel #erb (.

Sub*ect D
.
..
. :. ... ..
3 can take you to there
. . . ..
Cou can understand me
. . . . ..
%e can take it to there
.i . .:. :. ..
-e can speak Khmer to him
.. . . ..
They can tell me
.i . . .. ..
She can understand them

Top
5ote6
3n spoken language, the ob*ective of the sentence can be drop. /or e2ample in the
conversation lesson & to ; in this unit, all the ob*ective of the sentences that use the model
verb (. are dropped.
The preposition of the verb is important, it cannot be dropped.
B. 5egative Sentence with a !odel #erb (. and Completive #erb (..

Sub*ect D
.
D
.
..
D
.

?2ample6

Sub*ect D
.
D
.
..
D
.
. . :. ... .. .
3 cannot take you to there
. . . . .. .
Cou cannot understand me
. . . . . .. .
%e cannot take it to there
.i . . .:. :. .. .
-e cannot speak Khmer to him
.. . . . .. .
They cannot tell me
.i . . . .. .. .
She cannot understand them

Top
5ote6
C. 3nterrogative Sentence with !odel #erb (. and Completive #erb (..

Sub*ect D
.
D
.
..
D
.

?2ample6

..
D Sub*ect D
.
..
D
.
.. . :. ... ..
.
Can 3 take you to there
.. . . . ..
.
Can you understand me
.. . . . . ..
.
Can he take it to there
.. .i . .:. :. ..
.
Can we speak Khmer to him
.. .. . . ..
.
Can they tell me
.. .i . . .. ..
.
Can she understand them

5ote6

&. -ord
..
Buddha temple ;. -ord
..
letter
9. -ord
i:
flag <. -ord
:.
to ride
:. -ord )
:
village 8. -ord
.
boulevard

&. -ord .. ( Buddha temple
Eoun (.. ) is a mono syllable. ,onsonan (. ) could ake sub3consonans ( ) bu i remains
silen. (his word derive "rom Sankri and he pronunciaion o" his word is display as shown in he
able below.
.. ..
wo(e
Eoe.
(.. ), (.. )and (.. ) have he same pronunciaion, bu he di""eren in spelling give di""eren
meaning.
(.. ) means buddha emple
(.. ) means o hi or bea wih a sick or o kick.
(.. ) means o aack wih hone o" animals.
(op
9. -ord i: ( flag
%ord (i: ) has wo syllables. )iacriic Sanyok Sanha ( ) is used in a cerain loaned
words "rom Pali or Sanskri. (he syllable (: ), he diacriic has he same value as vowel (3 : ) when
i "ollow by consonan ( ).
i: i ::
uN- cay
(op
:. -ord : (village
%ord (: ) is a mono syllable. Iowel ( ) is no pronounced.
: :
phuum
(op
;. -ord .. ( letter
Eoun (.. ) has wo syllables. ,onsonan (. ) could ake sub3consonans ( ) bu i remains
silen. (his word derive "rom Sankri and he pronunciaion o" his word is display as shown in he
able below.
.. . .
som bo
(op
<. -ord :. ( to ride
(he mono syllable word (:. ) is a combinaion o" consonan (: ) and diphhong vowel ( . ).
:. :.
cih
(op
8. -ord . ( boulevard
#ll &hmer consonan, here is an inheren vowel. (he inheren vowel "or he "irs series consonan
is @AA@ and second series consonan is @OO@. (he "irs series consonan ( ) has an inheren vowel
@OO@, here"ore he pronunciaion o" his syllable is (mOO).
. .
mOO haa3wihey
Eoe.
(he wo syllables ( ) is known as pre"i* which means huge, a lo, supperior.
Unit 11
$esson &6 , Bus Trip to Kompong Som
...[. :...i.i.i..
.a .......ii.i...
..
......i:.
. ......ti
..
:...i ...i....:i:
.
. :...i...i....
i.i..
.. :.:.i
.
....:. ...i..i..
.. ........i....:
.
..i...:...i.i

.......i
i.i...
rina lo(ep hw leeN kroN kAmpu(eN
soam ee?
/ina, have you been o &ampong
Soam?
......i:.
kn)om lo(ep hw pii bey dAAN dae. ! have been here a "ew imes.
......ti rina baek laan hw kluen3qaeN ? )id you drive here yoursel"?
:...i. ..i
... .:i:
kn)om cih ru(e yu(en kroN. mien
ru(e yu(en kroN hw mOOk pii ceeN
muey hNay.
! ook he bus. (here are wo
round rips wice a day.
:...i...i
....i.i..
cih ru(e yu(en kroN ponmaan maoN
ban hw dAl kroN kAmpu(eN soam.
How long does i ake o ge o
&ompong Soam?
:.:.i
prehael cie bey maoN. #ppro*imaely, hree hours.
....:. .
..i..i..
mhn sew yuu dae. niyiey qan)ceN
ru(e yu(en kroN kdaw ee.
! is no very long. 9y he way, is i
ho in he bus?
........i
....:
mhn kdaw ee pru(eh ru(e yu(en kroN
mien maasiin3rAce(eq.
! is no ho because he bus has
air3condiion.
..i...
:...i.i
qan)ceN leek kraoy kn)om cih lann
bues hw medAAN.
So, ne* ime ! will ake he bus.
$esson 96 7n a !otor Ta2i
...[.
:..
. ......:.:.....
.
....[.
. :.. .......
.
.i..i
. i.....::....
.
... ....
. ......:.:......
.
..[.:..:......

......
:.:.....
puu th saakA#-httyie#ay phuumhn
pnum-pin) yOOk ponmaan!
Gnc#e" ho much do you char'e to 'o to
the Koya# Gni(ersity o) 6hnom 6enh0
....[.
bey po(en rie#! *hree thousand Kie#!
:.........
th#ay nah! 6ii po(en rie# ban tee0
*hat is too e,pensi(e! *o thousand
Kie#s is a#ri'ht0
.i..i
#aeN mOOk $an)ceN. ?!&! Cet on no!
i.....
::....
kn)om cAN chup nh bannakie
muey-p#EEt ban tee0
% ou#d #ike to make a stop at the
bookstoreJ is it a#ri'ht0
... ....
mhn $ey tee kn)om $aac chup baan! Bo prob#em! % can stop there!
......
:.:......
ne(ek th saakA#-httyie#ay
phuumhn pnum-pin tee $ay0
-or hat purpose are you 'oin' to the
uni(ersity0
..[.:..:......
kn)om rien phiesaa kmae nth tii
nuh!
% study &hmer o(erthere!
$esson :6 Boat Travel
...[. . ......
. ....:...[....[..
..
..
. .i.:.
..
..:...[.:i...
. ..:....i......[.
..
:.:.:..i
. .i::..[...t.
..
.i::..[. ..:.:...r
:....:i.
. ....[.:.
..
....[..:i.........

....:...[..
..[..
rina mien lo(ep cih uuk lhen hw
siem riep ee?
/ina, have you ever aken a speed3
boa o Siem /iep?
..
9aa kn)om lo(ep. $es, ! have.
.i.:. vie yaaN mec dae? How was i?
..:...[.:i
...
kn)om coul3ce cih uuk lhen cieN
yu(en3hAh.
! liked speed3boa han ! did air
plane.
..:....i....
rina cih ponmaan maoN ban hw
dAl siem riep.
How many hours did i ake o ge
o Siem /iep?
..[.
:.:.:..i
kn)om cih prehael cie prammuey
maoN.
#ppro*imaely si* hours.
.i::..[...t.
kampu(eN phae uuk lhen nhw qae3
naa?.
%here is he speed3boa por?
.i::..[...:. :...
r :....: i.
kampu(eN phae uuk lhen nhw plew
cie leik pram ch spien crooc3
cANvaa.
! is on Eaional /oad Eumber 4ive
near crooc3cANvaa bridge.
....[.:. sambo uuk lhen hlay ee? !s he speed3boa icke e*pensive?
....[..:i
.........
sambo uuk lhen haok cieN sambo
yu(en3hAh craen3nah.
! is a lo cheaper han plane icke.
$esson ;6 #isiting Thailand
...[. t ...i..:
. .i...i..:..:....
.. ....:. .....i..:.:.
.
.i........ i.........:.
..:.
..
.......... ....
.....i.......
..:.i..[. .i:...:
. ...i:. .:....i.:.:.
..
... ....:..:.i..i.... :....
.i...
. .....[..:... ..:..
.. ..:...[. ... ...
. ..i...

.i...i..:..
:....
kn)om nhN th #eeN prAteeh thai
nh khae kroay nih!
% i## be 'oin' to *hai#and ne,t month!
....:.
.....i..:.
:.
bae cAn th dA# thay haey cAn
$aeN kue th #eeN srok khmae
dae!
%) you 'et to *hai#and" you shou#d a#so 'o
to (isit 7ambodia!
.i.....
... i.......
..:...: .
kn)om mhn deN thaa tae (ie pibaa$
rhh srue# knoN-kaa tee-dAmnae
pii prAteeh thay th prAteeh
khmae!
% don>t kno hether it is di))icu#t or
easy to tra(e# )rom *hai#and to
7ambodia!
..........
.... ....
.i.......
..:.i..[.
.i:...:
(ie mhn pibaa$ tee $ey#e nhh!
mien yu(en-hAh hAh cen ) pi tii-kroN
teehsecAA thom-thom nh
prAteeh thay th tii-kroN siemriep
seN tae ro(e# tNay!
%t is di))icu#t at the moment! *here are
airp#anes )#yin' )rom ma<or tourist cities
in *hai#and to 7ambodia a#most
e(eryday!
...i:. .:..
..i.:.:.
bae $an)ceN m55n kn)om kue tae
th #eeN srok khmae dae !

%) that is the case" % shou#d 'o to (isit
7ambodia as e##!
....... :..
:.i..i....
:.....i...
cAn kue th pru(eh srok khmae
mien kAn#aeN #eeN craen nah cie-
pisaeh $ANkOO-o(et!
Iohn shou#d 'o because there are a #ot o)
p#aces to (isit in 7ambodia especia##y
4n'kor ;at!
.....[..:...
..:..
tae coh pii siem-riep th pnum-
pin) kee cih $ey0
/o do peop#e tra(e# )rom 9iem Kiep to
6hnom 6enh0
..:...[.
... ...
kee $aac cih tuuk-#hen yu(en-hAh
rhh #aan kAA baan!
*hey can take )ast boat" )#y" or dri(e!
..i...
$an)ceN srue# haey! %) so" it is (ery con(inient!
$esson <6
Biding a
Cyclo
...[. r :..
.. ...:,...,....[.
..
.....[.
.. ....[....
..
.. .i:.
.. ....:ii.......
..
.......... ......
...... ........
..
...... .. :.:i
.i.. ....
..
... ..i.......:.i.::..
..i...

...:,...,..
puu siik#o th psaa ruusii
yOOk ponmaan0
/o much does unc#e cyc#o
char'e )or 'oin' the Kussian
market0
.....[.
buen po(en rie#! )our thousand rie#s!
....[.... bey po(en rie# baan tee! %s three thousand rie#s ?&0
...i:.
baan #aeN chh mOOk! ?& p#ease 'et on!
....:ii....
...
puu chup nh cruN khaaN nhh
coh baan huey!
Gnc#e stops at that cornerJ it
is )ine!
.........
...........
. ......
#ook tre-kaa th hn) kn)om
$aac nh caam #ook baan!
9ir" do you need to 'o back0
%) you need to 'o back" % can
ith )or you here" sir!
...... ..
:.:i.i ..
....
prAsen bae puu cam baan
puu cam coh! prAhae# cieN
muey moaN teep kn)om thn)
$eyan huey!
%) un#ce can ait" you can do
so! 4ppro,imate#y o(er an
hour unti# % )inish shoppin'!
... ..i..
....:.i.::..
..i...
mhn $ey tee! $an)ceN kn)om
nh cam #ook nh kAn#aeN
#u(ek p#ae-chee kroam daem
douN nuh!
Bot a prob#em! 9o" % i## ait
)or you at the )ruit sta## under
the coconut tree!
1seful -ords
.i::
kampu(eN phae port
.
kdaw hot
i
kroN city
.ti kluen2qaeN yourself
..
coul2cet to like
caam to wait
:.
cih ride
:i
cruN corner
.
chup stop
.i
daem douN coconut tree
.
thaok cheap
:..
thlay nah too expensi&e
i.... tii2kroN teehsecAA tourist city
..[.
tuuk lhen speed2boat
.
tlo(ep used to
..
bannakie bookstore
..
baek laan dri&e
:.
prehael approximately
:.:. plew ciet #ational 8oad
::..
plae2chee fruits
..
pibaaq difficult
..i
pii bey dAAN a few times
...:
maasiin2trAce(eq air conditioner
...
mhn qey tee #o problem
i
medAAN one time
..
yOOk ponmaan how much @youA charge
...
yu(en2hAh air plane
..i
ru(et yu(en kroN bus
..[.
rien study
...
leek kraoy next time
..i
leeN to &isit
....
saakAl2whttyielay ,ni&ersity
..
sambot ticket
..
sruel easy
...
qeywan goods
FB,!!,B

,. 5oun
B. 5oun Fender
C. 5oun and 5oun Specifier
". 5oun Specifier
?. 5ote on 5oun Secifier

,. 5oun
There is not much different between a noun in Khmer and a noun in ?nglish. , noun is a word
used to name a person, animal, place, thing and abstract idea.
Top
B. 5oun Fender
!any noun, like A.i[. A which means AteacherA can refer to men or women. 7nce, many
Khmer nouns would change form depending on their gender. /or e2ample, , man was called
A...i[.A while a woman was called A..i[. A. The use of gender specific noun is
0uite common in some words. %ere are more e2amples6

!asculine 5oun

/eminine 5oun
Khmer ?nglish Khmer ?nglish
.
"irector
.
"irector
..
,ctor
..
,ctress
.
$aborer
.
$aborer
.
Child
.
Child
Top
C. 5oun and 5oun Specifier
There are many kinds of noun in Khmer6 proper nouns, common noun, abstract nouns collective
nouns, countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Countable noun is a noun that we can count and
usually it follow by a specifier. Since Khmer nouns do not have the plural form like most ?nglish
nouns that change their form by adding A+sA or A+esA, Khmer countable nouns has the following
word order6

5oun D 5umber D Specifier

?2ample6
5oun 5umber Specifier 5ote
.i[. .. .
Specifier A.A is used to count person such as friends, farmers,
teachers, students and so on.
teacher two person
. ,.
Specifier A ,. A is used to count animal such as cows, cat, dog by
their head.
cow three head
.: . .
Specifier A . A is used to count long cylindrical ob*ect such as
stick, tree, pencil, pen and so on.
pencil four stick
:: . :: Specifier A :: A is used to count individual fruit such as mango,
watermelon orange.
orange five fruit
,. .. .[i
Specifier A .[i A is used to count ob*ect that involve with
machinery such as car, motorbike, truck, airplane, and so on.
car two machine
:. . i
Specifier A i A is used to count ob*ect that involves with building
such as house.
house four
Specifier A i A is difficult to translate, it has no counterparts in
?nglish. A a house with four sections of roofA
. . ::
Specifier A :: A is used to count individual fruit such as mango,
watermelon orange.
banana five fruits
. .. ..
Specifier A .. A is used to count a hand of banana which may
consist of <, 8, to ten bananas.
banana two hand

Specifier A A is used to count any ob*ect or things with in a
number of twelveA do4enA
orang one do4en
.: ..
Specifier A A is used to measure the weight of ob*ect or thing.
7ne pound e0ual to ).;<: Kilograms
pork two kilogram
. ..[. Specifier A ..[. A is used to identify Cambodian currency.
money &)) riel
Top
". 5oun Specifier
Specifier is a word which specify the si4e, shape, amount, or kind of unit being counted.
Top
?. 5ote on 5oun Specifier
Specifier is omitted in spoken language.
"o not mi2 up the specifier which is used to count person with the animal because it is
considered rude.

&. -ord
..
bookstore ;. -ord
...
letter
9. -ord
..i
bus <. -ord
..
bridge
:. -ord )
....
university 8. -ord
....
tourism

&. -ord .. ( bookstore
;ord (.. ) has three sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) as the
media# c#uster! *he consonant () at the end o) the ord remains si#ent!
.. . .
bannakie
*op
9. -ord ..i ( bus
;ord (.. ) has three sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonant () and it remains
si#ent! *his ord deri(ed )rom 6a#i and 9anskrit" so the spe##in' remain as it is!
..i .. . i
ru(et yu(en kroN
Bote@
*he ord (.. ) is a compound o) ords! ;ord (. ) means .(ehic#e. (. ) means machine
and (i) is city!
*op
:. -ord .... (university
;ord (.... ) has )i(e sy##ab#es! =iacritic 9anyok 9anha ( ) is used in a certain
#oaned ords )rom 6a#i or 9anskrit! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as a media#
c#uster! *he sy##ab#e (. )" diacritic ( ) has the same (a#ue as (oe# (- : ) hen it )o##o by
consonant ( )!
.... . . . .
saa kA# ht tyie #ay
*op
;. -ord ... ( letter
Boun (... ) has to sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) but it
remains si#ent! *his ord deri(e )rom 9ankrit and the pronunciation o) this ord is disp#ay as
shon in the tab#e be#o!
... . ..
yu(en-hAh
Bote@
*he ord (... ) is a compound o) ord (. ) hich means machine and (.. ) hich
means .to )#y.!
*op
<. -ord .. ( bridge
;ord (.. ) is a mono sy##ab#e! 7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as initia#
c#uster!
.. ..
spien
*op
8. -ord .... ( tourism
*he ord (.... ) has three sy##ab#es! *his ord deri(ed )rom 6a#i! *he diacritic ( ) is
used to make the consonant under it to become si#ent! Gsua##y th this diaritic is )ound under
consonant (. ) and (. )!
.... . .
teeh se cAA
Bote@
*he ord is a combination o) sy##ab#e (.. ) hich means . country. and (.. ) hich means
.to tra(e#.!
Unit 12
$esson &6 3 $ike Swimming
...[.
..:.
. ........ .......
.. :....i.. :......[..:
. ....:..
.. ..:.:i.
. .........
.. ........... ..
.
..:. ..i.. .i....[..:
:. .........
..
..i:.
. ..i .i..:.:.....
..
..

........ ......
nh pee# tum-nee dara cou# cet
tee $ey0
;hat do you #ike to do in your )ree
time0
:....i..
:......[..:
cuen kaa# kn)om #eeN ba# cuen kaa#
kn)om $aan sie phh
% sometimes p#ay socer and
sometimes read book!
....:.. rinaa cou# cet hae# thk tee0 =o you #ike simmin'0
..:.:i.
kn)om cou# cet hae# thk cieN kee! % #ike simmin' the most!
......... coh rinaa cou# cet mee# kon tee0 =o you #ike to 'o to the mo(ie0
........
..
kn)om mhn se cou# cet ponmaan
tee! coh daaraa!
% don>t rea#y #ike 1'oin' to the
mo(ie2 (ery much! ;hat about
you0
..:. ..i
.. .i....[..:
:. .....
....
kn)om cou# cet hae# thk #eeN ba# nhN
$aan sie phh" pon-tae kn)om
mhn se cou# cet mee# kon tee!
% #ike simmin'" p#ayin' socer and
read book but % don>t #ike 'oin' to
the mo(ie (ery much!
..i:.
kn)om kOO $an)ceN dae! 3e too!
..i .i..
:. :.....
$an)ceN yeeN kht th hae# thk tNay
$aa tet nih.
9o" can e 'o to sim this 9unday!
..
th kOO th *hat>s ?!&!
$esson 96 ,t the Beach
...[. ......
. ,...........
.. ...... ..
.
..i:. .......i....
... .i....
..
......i...i.....[.
. ... :...:....:...
..
...
. ....:. ........:.
..
..i .i:...:.i....
.
..:.... :..........
....i.....
.. ..

,......... mse#-mhn) sAmraan #u(ek srou# tee0 8esterday" did you s#eep e##0
...... .. +aan #u(ek srou# nah! coh =ara0
8es! (%) s#ept so e##!
and =ara (you)0
..i:. ..
.....i....
....i....
kn)om kAA $an)ceN dae! kyA# samot
tee $oay kn)om keeN srue# nah!
toh yeeN th rOOk n)am kuy-tie!
3e too! *he air o) the sea a#ays
make me s#eep e##! :et>s 'o to
ha(e nood#e soup!
......i...i
.....[.
pee# n)am haey yeeN th #eeN cnei
samot tiet!
4)ter eatin' e i## 'o to the
beach a'ain!
... :...
:....:...
kumnht #$AA! pontae kn)om tre
p#ah khao-$aa hae#-thk sen!
Cood idea! +ut % ha(e to 'et
chan'ed to my sim suit!
...
mhn $ay tee kn)om cam! *hat>s )ine! % i## ait!
....:.
........:.
kn)om mhn cou# cet hae# thk crh
tee pru(eh kn)om mhn ceh hae# thk!
% don>t #ike deep ater" because %
am not 'ood at simmin'!
..i .i:...
:.i....
$an)ceN yeeN nh hae# kAn#aeN thk
re(ek baan haey!
9o" e can sim at the sha##o
area!
..:.... :....
...... ....i
.....
srac tae Kina coh! 6untae pee#
nih kn)om k#ien nah! toh yeeN th
rOOk n)am kuy-tie sen.
%t is up to Kyna (you)! +ut % am so
hun'ry! :et>s 'o to eat!
..
th kOO th *hat>s ?!&!
$esson :6 Tour ,round City
...[. .
....ii
.a ....i....:.....:
.. .i....:....:
.
...:.....:.i.
.. ..i.......:
.
i..............::.
.. .:.i..:.....
.
.....:. .....:.i ..: .i .:.i
.. ......:.i..[.
.
..........
...:..:.:...i.:...
..
..i......: ..i...
.i....[. ..i.......

....i....
:.....:
look2srey nhN sAmraaq nhw
pnum2phn) ponmaan thNay*
'ow many days will .adame
stay in 0hnom 0enh*
.i....:... .:
kn)om nhN sAmraaq nhw pnum2
phn buen thNay.
I will stay in 0hnom 0enh for four
days.
...:... :.i.
sAmraaq buen thNay dae mhn
krup kAnlaeN tee.
$taying there to four days will not
be enough.
..i....... :
qan)ceN kn)om trew snaq nhw
ponmaan thNay* $o, how many days should I stay*
i......
........ ::.
yaaN tec naah look2srey snaq
nhw qaoy baan praam2muey
thNay dae.
/t least you should stay for six
days.
.:.i..:. ....
mien kAnlaeN naa2klah dael
kn)om trew meel*
)hat are the places that I should
&isit*.
.....:.
.....:.i ..: .i
.:.i
mien saaraqmu(entii ci(et
saaraqmu(entii tu(elslaeN nhN riec
we(eN.
There are #ational museum, Toul
$leng .useum and the 8oyal
0alace.
......:.i ..[.
kraw pii2nuh mien kAnlaeN naa
tiet*
/re there any other places besides
those places*
....... ...
... :..:.
:...i.:...
mien praasaat boraan nhw
tu(enlee baatii. look2srey cih
laan prAAhael cie kAnlah2moaN
pii pnum2phn).
There is ancient temple at Tonle
9ati. It takes about half an hour
by car from 0hnom 0enh.
..i.....
.: ..i
....i....[.
..i.......
qan)ceN kn)om trew snaq nhw
pramuey thNay ruec huey kn)om
cAN thw meel qANkOO2wo(et ti(et.
kn)om lhh thaa qANkOO2wo(et
sqaat nah.
Then, I should stay for six days
because I want to go to &isit
/ngkor )at. I heard /ngkor
)at is &ery beautiful.
$esson ;6 3 am a Tourist Fuide
...[. t
:...:[.....
.a ..... ......
..:...:[.....
. ..i ........i....:..
... .:.. ..........
. .. .:[........:.i..
..
.:[..............:.
.....:.i .:.i .i .i...
. ...:[.....:.. .....
..
.:[...........:...
:.:.....:. .i .....

........... qeylew2nih kAnikaa twee kaa qey*
"anika what are doing for a li&ing
now*
:...:[.....
kn)om cie ne(ek no(em pn)ie&
teehsecAA.
I am a tourist guide.
..i .......
.i....:..
qan)ceN kAnikaa twee kaa nhw
krAsueN teehsecAA mEEn tee *
$o, are you working at the .inistry of
Tourism*
. .:.. ...
... ....
cah mhn mEEn tee. kn)om twee kaa
nhw kromhun teehsecAA. #o. I work for a tour company.
.. .:[..... ..
.:.i..
tho(emmedaa pn)ie& teehsecAA coul2
cet thw kAnlaeN naa klah*
In general, where do tourists like to
&isit*
.:[........
......:. ....
.:.i .:.i .i
.i...
pn)ie& teehsecAA coul2cet thw meel
sarahmuentii2ciet sarahmuentii tuel
slaeN nhN qaNkOO2 wo(et.
Tourists like to &isit #ational
.useum, Toul $leng .useum and
/ngor )at.
...:[.....:..
.....
tae pn)ie& teehsecAA phiek craen
mOOk pii prAteeh naa klah*
)here do the ma=ority of tourists
come from*
.:[......
.....:...
:.:... ..
:. .i .....
pn)ie& teehsecAA mOOk pii krup
prAteeh lee piphup2look pontae phiek
craen mOOk pii prAteeh cOOpon nhN
sahaq2ro(et2qaamerhc.
They come from all countries around
the world but most of them are from
the Bapan and the ,nited $tates.
1seful -ords
.
kk mo(ie
:.i
kAn#aeN p#ace
.i
krAsueN 3inistry
.i....
krAsueN teehsecAA 3inistry o) *ourism
.....
kromhun teehsecAA *ourist a'ency
.....
kra pii-nuh besides
...:.
khao-$aa hae#-thk sim suit
.
kyA# air
.
kuy-tie Bood#e
...
kumnht #$AA Cood idea
:.i
krup kAn#aeN a## p#aces
.
k#ien /un'ry
..
cou# cet #ike
cam ait
....
cnei samot beach
:..
cuen kaa# sometimes
.
n)am eat
.
s#eep
....
deik #u(ek srue# s#eep e##
:..
tNay $aa tet 9unday
.:
thk crh deep ater
.
thk re(ek sha##o area
...
....
teehsecAA
ne(e$ teehsecAA
tourist
...
tum-nee )ree
..
tho(emmedaa norma##y
....
praasaat boraan ancient temp#e
.:...
piphup-#ook the or#d
:..
phiek craen ma<ority
.:[.
pn)ie( 'uests
...
mhn $ay tee Be(er mine
,..
mse#-mhn) 8esterday
i.
yaaN tec 4t #east
.:.i
riec e(eN Koya# 6a#ace
..i..
#eeN ba# p#ay soccer
.
samot sea
.... saara$mu(enti museum
..[..:
siephh book
..
sAmraa$ Kest
...
sAmraan s#eep
...
sna$ nh stay
..:.
srac tae (%t is) up to (you)
:.
hae# thk sim
..
$aan read
...:[.....
ne(ek no(em pn)ie(
teehsecAA
tourist 'uide
..... $ey#e-nih Bo

.ossessive .ronoun6
,. .ossessive .ronoun for /irst .erson
B. .ossessive .ronoun for Second .erson
C. .ossessive .ronoun for Third .erson
" 5ote

.ossessive .ronoun
, possessive pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as a marker of possession and
defines who owns a particular ob*ect or person. The formation of Khmer possessive pronoun is
simple. 3t can be formed by adding word A .. A in front of the pronoun that you have learned
in previous lesson <.
,. .ossessive .ronoun for /irst .erson
Singular
Sub*ect@7b*ect .ersonal
.ronoun
.ossessive .ersonal .ronoun@,d*ective
Khmer 3., ?nglish Khmer 3., ?nglish 5ote
kn)om
3
..
rObAh kn)om
mine, my
! is a polie pronounce, used o
address o he elder and same age
person.
.
kn)om baa 3
...
rObAh kn)om
baa
mine, my
! is a polie pronounce, used o
address o he elder and same age
person.
knie 3
..
rObAh knie mine, my
! is a polie word, used o address
o he same age person.
..
qan) 3
....
rObAh qan) mine, my
! is an impolie word, used o
address o unrespecable person.
Someime, i can be used wih
closed "riend bu i is very sensiive.
! would sugges no o use his
pronounce.
?2ample6
Khmer ?nglish
. .. ......:,i
5y "riends like o do di""eren hings
:. .. . ..:... .. ..
.
5y house is close o my o""ice.
..[..:... : ..
(ha book is mine

.lural
.ronoun
.i
yeeN -e
...i
rObAh yeeN ours @ our
! is a polie possessive
personal pronounJad7ecive,
used o address wih he
elder, younger and he same
age people.
.i
yeeN kn)om -e
...i
rObAh yeeN
kn)om
ours @ our
age people.
..i
pueq yeeN -e
....i
rObAh pueq
yeeN
ours @ our
age people.
.
pueq knie -e
...
rObAh pueq
knie
ours @ our
age people.
?2ample6
&hmer -nglish
....[. .. .i .......
@ur school is "ar "rom here.
..., .. .i .....
@ur sudens come "rom many counry.
..[..:i.. : .. .i
#ll o" hose books are ours

B. .ossessive .ronoun for Second .erson
Singular
.ronoun
..
look
ACouA or
A!r.A
....
rObAh look
yours @
your
! is a polie masculine
pronounce, used o address o
he elder, younger or he
in"erior o he superior in "a
"romal siuaion.
...
look srey
ACouA or
A!rs.A
.....
rObAh look
srey
yours @
your
! is a polie "eminine
he elder, younger or he
in"erior o he superior in "a
"romal siuaion.
.
ne(eq ACouA
...
rObAh
ne(eq
yours @
your
#ddress o people who is
appro*imaely a he same
age.
ti
qaeN ACouA
..ti
rObAh
qaeN
yours @
your
! is an impolie pronounce,
used o address o he
younger.
?2ample6
&hmer -nglish
..... : . .. .. !s his your car?
:. .. ... ..t. %here is your house?
.. .. . ..t. %ha is your school?

.luaral
.ronoun
....
look you
......
rObAh qAh
look
yours @
your
! is a polie masculine
he elder, younger or he in"erior
o he superior in "a "romal
siuaion.
...
ne(eq you
.....
rObAh qAh
ne(eq
yours @
your
! is a pronounce ha is used o
address o a rgroup o"
appro*imaely he same age
people.

-*ample.
&hmer -nglish
.. .. .... ..t. %here are your counries?
:. .. ... ..t. %here are your houses?

C. .ossessive .ronoun for Third .erson
Singular
.ronoun
.
wie it
...
rObAh wie its
! is used o address "rom he
superior o he in"erior, adul o
child, oherwise insuling,
human o animal.
.
ko(e he@she
...
rObAh ko(e
his, hers
@his, her
! is a polie uni se* pronounce
ha is used o address
respec"ully "rom younger o
older, adul o adul.
.
kee
he@she@one@
someone
...
rObAh kee
his, hers
@his, her
! is used o address o people
ha we don+ know.
.i
nieN she@he
...i
rObAh nieN
his, hers
@his, her
! is a polie "eminine pronounce
ha is used o address
respec"ully "rom he elder o he
younger.
-*ample.
&hmer -nglish
..[..: .. . .....
is book is on he able.
.., .. . ...
His sudy is very good.
.i. .. . i....
His works is simple and easy.
i. ...i .... .:. Her relaive live in ,ambodia.

.lural
.ronoun
..
wie they
....
rObAh pueq
wie
theirs
@their
! is used o address "rom he
superior o a group in"erior, adul
o a gruop o" children, or human
o a group o" animal.
..
ko(e they
....
rObAh pueq
ko(e
theirs
@their
! is used o address o a group
o" he same age people or o a
group o" older people.
..
kee they
....
rObAh pueq
kee
theirs
@their
! is used o address o a group
o" unknown people.
..i
nieN they
....i
rObAh pueq
nieN
theirs
@their
is used o address "rom he
older people o a group o" young
"eminines.
?2ample6
&hmer -nglish
...i..i .. .. .....
(heir oys are oo many.
:. .. .. ..t. %here are heir houses.
.. .. ..:...
....
(heir "ood oday is sour chicken soup.
.i. .. ..i ...:.
:....
(heir 7obs in ,ambodia are secrearies.

5ote6
3n spoken language and written language, sometime the words A.. Aindicate the possession
is omitted. /or e2ample, the sentence AA in this lesson, AA is omitted.
The noun immediately follow by the pronoun is usually recogni4ed as the possesson of that
pronoun.
Cambodian has a much larger number of pronouns than ?nglish. Khmer pronouns reflect
gender, relative, age and social status.

&. -ord
.
sea ;. -ord
..
temple
9. -ord
.
air <. -ord
.:[.....
tourist
:. -ord )
:.
to change 8. -ord
..
in general

&. -ord . ( sea
;ord (. ) has to sy##ab#es! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) but it is not
pronounced! *his ord deri(ed )rom 6a#i or 9anskrit" and the pronunciation o) this ord
i##ustrated be#o!
. . .
sa($) mot
*op
9. -ord . ( air
;ord (. ) is a mono sy##ab#e! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as an initia#
c#uster! *he diacritic bAntA$ ( ) occurs on the top o) the )ina# consonant o) a sy##ab#e and it is
used to shorten the (oe# o) that sy##ab#e!
. .
kyA#
*op
:. -ord :. (to change
;ord (:. ) is a mono sy##ab#e! 7onsonant (: ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as an initia#
c#uster! *he diacritic bAntA$ ( ) occurs on the top o) the )ina# consonant o) a sy##ab#e and it is
used to shorten the (oe# o) that sy##ab#e!
:. :.
p#ah
*op
;. -ord .. ( temple
Boun (.. ) has to sy##ab#es! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) as an initia#
c#uster! *he consonant ( ) is used to rep#ace consonant (. ) in the pronunciation!
.. . ..
praa saat
Bote@
7onsonant ( ) chan'es the )orm to (. ) hen (oe# (- ) is used!
*op
<. -ord .:[..... ( tourist
;ord (.:[..... ) has )our sy##ab#es! *his ord is a combination o) ord (.:[. ) hich
means .'uest. and ord (.... ) hich means .tourism.! 7onsonant (: ) cou#d take sub-
consonant ( ) as initia# c#uster! *he diacritic ( ) is used to make the consonant under it to
become si#ent! Gsua##y th this diaritic is )ound under consonant (. ) and (. )!
.:[..... .:[. . .
pn)ie( teeh se cAA
Bote@
;ord (.:[..... ) can be used interchan'eab#e ith ord (.....) or (.. )
*op
8. -ord .. ( in general
*he ord (.. ) has three sy##ab#es! 7onsonant ( ) is used as (oe# (- ) and sub-consonant (
) is pronounced as consonant ( )! 7onsonant (. ) is chan'ed to ( ) in the pronunciation!
.. .
tho(em me daa
Unit 15
$esson &6 !aking ,ppoinment with "octor
...[.
..::....:..
..........:.....:i...i..
..[. ....:i..i t ..i .
...........:i.......
..[.
. ......
......i...:..i r ....
..[.
.i r .... ..:.....i .
......i..
..[. ...... ....
........ .... . .r .
..[.
. ...

......:.....:i
...i..
tae #ook ic-ce(e$-bOn-dht pinht
cum-Nhh nh maoN naa k#ah0
;hat time does the doctor ork0
....:i.i t
..i .
ko(et pi-nht cum-Nhh moaN buen dO#
moaN pram pii #Niec
/e orks )rom 4 to 7 o>c#ock in
the e(enin'!
.......:i ......
.
tae ko(et pinht cum-Nhh nh pee#
prhk tee0
=oes he ork in the mornin'0
. ......
baat ko(et mhn pinht tee! Bo" he does not!
..i...:. .i
$an)ceN kn)om $aac nat cuep ko(et 9o" can % make an appoinment to
r .... moaN pram #Niec baan tee0 see him at 5 o>c#ock this e(enin'0
.i r ....
..:...i .
moaN pram ko(et rOO#! ko(et $aac
cuep #ook moaN pram muey!
/e is busy at 5@00! /e can you see
you at 6 o>c#ock!
..i..
$an)ceN kOO baan! *hat is )ine!
...... . ...
#ook chmuh $ey haey $aa-yu

ponmaan0
;hat are your name and a'e0
.... .... . .r.
kn)om chmuh saaret $aa-yu
samsep pram cnam!
3y name is =ara and % am 35 years
o#d!
. ...
baat" $AA kun! 8es" thank you!
$esson 96 !aking ,ppoinment with "octor
...[.
.:....:..
..:.. ..i...:.i.
..
.,....
..:.. ..i....
..
. ..
..:.. ..i....:.
..
...: .
..:.. i......
..
. ...
..:..
...i i..... .
:.. .....i. ..
.i.[.
..
. ...

..i...:.i.
tae bON srey !eh tae yaaN
mee!?
/ow do you %eel?
.,....
kn)om !hhh kbaal haey $hl muk # ha$e a heada!he and %eel di00y.
..i.... tae bON srey mien krun tee? /a$e you had a %e$er?
. ..
!aah kn)om mien krun. *es' # ha$e.
..i....: .
tae bON srey krun ponmaan
tNay haey?
/ow many days ha$e you had that
%ewer?
...: .
kn)om krun pii tNay haey. 1or two days
i......
bON srey mien leep tnam +ey
klah?
/a$e you taken any medi!ine yet?
. .....
kn)om mhn,toe) n leep tee. .o' not yet.
...i i....
..: .....
i....i .[.
bae +an)!eN bON srey yOOk
thnam nih prae bey tNay. nhw
peel +Ah tnam som bON srey
mOOk mdON tiet.
2hen 3you should4 take this medi!ine
%or three days. 5ome ba!k again
a%ter you %inish with the mede!ine.
. ...
!aah' +AA kun. *es' thank you.
$esson :6 Fot a Cut
...[. . ..:i
. .........i
.... ..:i
. .........:..:i
.... ....i..,..:.
.
.......... ......
.... ... ..... .ti..

.
........
.... ..
.
..i....+.....
.... . .......

......... tae saaret kaet qey ? ,aret, what happened?
..:i
kn)om mut ceeN . I ha*e a cut on my #eet.
.........:..:i
saaret thwee qey baan cie mut
ceeN?
,aret, what did you do to ha*e that
cut?
....i..,.
.:.
kn)om dAAk smaw nhw knoN suen
cbaa kraoy pde(eh.
I pulled "rass in the "arden behind
the house.
..........
......
saaret mien chiem craen nah qaoy
kn)om haw kruu)pEEt mOOk tee?
,aret, you ha*e a lot o# blood
should I call the doctor?
... ....
..ti..
mhn)bac tee. kn)om qaac rum
rOObues daoy kluen qaeN .
It is not necessary. I can put a
banda"e on it mysel#.
........
saaret daq thnam haey cam rum
rOObues.
,aret, applies the medicine #irst
be#ore you place a banda"e on.
..
kn)om kmien thnam tee. I do not ha*e any medicine.
..i.... +
.....
qan)ceN kn)om thw thn) nhw
qosotsthaan qaoy.
1hen, I will "o to the pharmacy and
buy some medicine #or you.
. .......
baat qAA kun craen nah. !es, thank you so much.
$esson ;6 #isiting a "entist
...[. t ......
..
..i...:.i.
..
....
..:.. ..i....:.
..
.:.
..:.. i.....
..
. ...
..:..
..i.. ......
.i......:.
.. . ...

i...:.i. bON srey ceh tae yaaN meec* 'ow do you feel*
....
kn)om chhh tmen). I ha&e tooth ache.
..i....:.
tae bON srey chhh ponmaan tNay haey*

'ow long ha&e you had the pain*
.:.
kn)om chhh bay tNay haey. Three days.
i.....
bON srey mien daq thnam qay klah
tee*
id you apply any medicine*
. ...
cah nhw tee. #ot yet.
..i.. ...
... .i......
:.
qan)ceN kn)om daq tnam qaoy. 0eel bat
chhh kn)om nhN pyiebaal tmen) cuun.
$o, I will put medicine on for you.
)hen you don!t feel the pain I will
start the treatment.
. ...
cah qAAkun. Yes, thanks.
1seful -ords
.
kraoy behind
.
krun )e(er
:i
cum-Nhh disease
.
chiem b#ood
.
chhh pain
.,.
chhh kbaa# /eadache
dAAk pu##
da$ thnam 4pp#y the medicine

..:
nat cuep make an appoinment
thnam medicine
...
pinht e,amine
....
pee# prhk mornin'
....
pee# #Niec e(enin'
...
pyie baa# treat
..
mhn-bac not necessary
.
mut cut
...
rOO# busy
..
rOObues in<ury
...
rum rOObues put a banda'e
....:..
#ook ic-ce(e$-bOn-dht doctor
..
#eep sa##o
..
#eep tnam take medicine
..
(h# muk diDDy
..,.
suen cbaa 'arden
..
sma 'rass
...
kruu-pEEt ca## the doctor
.
$aac can
.
$aa-yu a'e
+...
$osotsthaan phamacy
FB,!!,B

3. 5umerical .hrases 3nvolving Time Specifiers
33. Beverse 7rder of Khmer Time Specifiers
333. 5ote

5umerical .hrases 3nvolving Time Specifiers
Time specifier occurs after numerals without a preceding noun head
Time specifier in Khmer includes6 year, month, week, days, hour, and minute.
The structure of numeral phrases involving time specifier in Khmer is

5umerical D Time Specifier

?2ample6
5umerals Specifiers

.
one year
.
.
three years

:
one month

:
two months
t
..
four weeks

:
seven days
c
.i
eight hours

.
ten minutes

Top
The Beverse 7rder of Khmer Time Specifiers
The reverse order of Khmer time specifiers result in different meaning. The following
e2amples provide the meaning of the reverse order of Khmer time specifiers.
Cardinal numbers have to change to ordinal numbers by adding particle A A in front of each
number.

Specifiers 7rdinal 5umer
.

first year
.
.
third year
:

first month
:

second month
..
t
fourth week
:

on the seventh
day
.i
c
eight o>clock
.

the tenth minutes

5ote
The reverse order of Khmer time specifiers A.i A hour changes from = hours to = o>clock.

&. -ord
:i
sickness ;. -ord
+...
pharmacy
9. -ord
...
to e2amine <. -ord
...
to treat
:. -ord

medicine 8. -ord
i
once

&. -ord :i ( sickness
;ord (:i ) has to sy##ab#es! (:) is another )orm o) spe##in' this ord! +oth )orms are
acceptab#e in e(eryday spe##in'! 7onser(ati(e spe##ers #ike to spe## this ord in )orm (: )! *he
pronunciation o) these to )orm are the same!
7ld Spelling 5ew Spelling 3.,
:i :i
cum Nhh
*op
9. -ord ... ( to e2amine
;ord (... ) has to sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) but it is not
pronounced!
... . ..
pi-nht
*op
:. -ord (medicine
;ord ( ) is a mono sy##ab#e! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as an initia#
c#uster!

tnam
Bote@
;ord ( ) is a#so used as a pre)i,@ )or e,amp#e the ord (:) means .ci'arette. and ord
(.) means paint!
*op
;. -ord +... ( pharmacy
Boun (+... ) has three sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonants ( ) as an
initia# c#uster!
+... .. .. ..
$o sot sthaan
Bote@
;ord (+...) is a combinantion o) ord (+. ) hich means .medicine. and (..) hich
means .house.!
*op
<. -ord ... ( to treat Aan illnessA
;ord (... ) has to sy##ab#es! 7onsonant (. ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as initia#
c#uster!
... ...
pyiebaa#
Bote@
7onsonant ( ) chan'es the )orm to (. ) hen (oe# (- ) is used!
*op
8. -ord i ( once
*he ord (i ) is a mono sy##ab#e! 7onsonant ( ) cou#d take sub-consonant ( ) as an initia#
c#uster!
i i
mdON
Bote@
;ord (i ) is a short )orm o) ( i ) hich means .one time.

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I.

sra0 rhk rhk

sra0 rhh rhh

... pram-pii (7)

dAp muey (11)

: mephhy muey (21)

.. cetsep muey (71)

.. kasep muey (91)

. muey rOOy (100)

. muey rOOy muey (101)

muey (1) tii muey (1st)

.. pii (2) .. tii pii (2nd)

dAp muey muey dAndAp

... dAp pram pii pramphl dAndAp

.. dAp pram buen pram buen dAndAp

kn)om Befer to yourself

knie ! is a polie word, used o address o he same age person. A3A

5,cuse me" do you kno ;here

=o you kno ho to speak &hmre or =o you

t#ay nah coh t#ay bOntec baan

;hich book are you buyin' 0 % buy notebook!

kn)om cie cu(enciet $aa meeri$! coh

..,.. .......... ...

soum tooh #ook srey cu(enciet

baat kn)om cie teehsacAA. coh

soum qan)3ceen) mOOk aam kn)om.

krup muk mixed

,dverb of Time for .ast Tense /

#ook chmuh $ey haey $aa-yu

.... ... ..... .ti..

da$ thnam 4pp#y the medicine

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