3

rd
Quarter
TEXT BOOK/GEOMETRY: Patterns and Practicalities pp 228-244
RATIO AND PROPORTION
RATIO is the quotient of two numbers a and b which is written as a : b or
0 b
b
a

.
Examples: 3:!
"
#
!
$
x
The equalit% of two ratios is a proportion. A proportion has four terms. The first and the fourth terms are called
extremes and the second and third terms are the means.
Examples:
&'
&(
$
#
=
or #:$ ) &(:&'
c
a
n
m
=
or m : n ) a : c ! and c are the extremes * n and a are the means
If a b and c are positi+e numbers! and
c
b
b
a
= then b is the ,eometric mean between a and c. If
c
b
b
a
= !
then ac b = .
T"e #e$!etric !ean bet%een t%$ p$siti&e n'!bers is t"e principal r$$t $( t"eir pr$d'ct))
Examples: &.
-
x
x

= $ 3$ = = x '.
"
m
m
3
= $ ' $ ' m = = =
PROPERT*E+ O, PROPORT*O-:
The proportion
d
c
b
a
= ma% be expressed as
ad . bc . the product of the means equals the product of the extremes /
Example: ' : 0 ) $ : '& or
'&
$
0
'
=
' ) '

d
b
c
a
= or
a
c
b
d
= . the means or the extremes can be interchan,e /
Example:
'&
$
0
'
=
'&
0
$
'
=

c
d
a
b
= . reciprocals are equals /
Example:
$
'&
'
0
=

d
d c
b
b a +
=
+
. when denominators are added to their respecti+e numerators! the results are equal /
Example:
'&
$
0
'
=
'&
'& $
0
0 ' +
=
+

b
a
) ) ) ) ) d b
) ) ) ) c a
=
+ +
+ +
. the respecti+e sums of the numerators ant denominators produce an equi+alent ratio /
Example:
'& 0
$ '
0
'
+
+
=
(&'#mc123&&&'
+/ 02 3
rd
Quarter
45: 5A6E: 3r*2ec: 7ate:
10
A. 8se the fi,ure below to complete the statement 9s &:#.
;I<E5:
E2
,E
B3
4B
=
&. ==>== ) . ?4 /. @E / Ans. =========
'.
>
>
@E
A?
=
Ans. =========
3.
E7
>
?4
A4
=
Ans. =========
.
>
@E
?4
E7
=
Ans. =========
#.
>
A? @E
?4
A? +
=
Ans. =========
@OR 9s $:0! RE@ER TO TAE ;I<E5
$. If A? ) 0! @E ) # and E7 ) &(! find ?4. Ans. =========
0. @ind A4 if ?4 ) "! @E ) &" and E7 ) '. Ans. =========
?. @ind the ,eometric mean of each of the followin, pairs.
". " and &' Ans. =========
-. # and # 3 Ans. =========
&(. & and $ Ans. =========
&&''mc123&(&&
Ma5e 'p 4cti&ities 6 +/ 0 1 7
th
Quarter
45: 5A6E: 3r*2ec: 7ate:
A. 8se the fi,ure below to complete the statement 9s B &(.
A
B
C
F E
D
10
;I<E5:
E2
,E
B3
4B
=
&. ==>== ) . ?4 /. @E / Ans. =========
'.
>
>
@E
A?
=
Ans. =========
3.
E7
>
?4
A4
=
Ans. =========
.
>
@E
?4
E7
=
Ans. =========
#.
>
A? @E
?4
A? +
=
Ans. =========
$. If A? ) "! @E ) $ and E7 ) &'! find ?4. Ans. =========
0. @ind A4 if ?4 ) &(! @E ) &$ and E7 ) '(. Ans. =========
?. @ind the ,eometric mean of each of the followin, pairs.
". 0 and '" Ans. =========
-. 3 ' and 3 # Ans. =========
&(. &" and $ Ans. =========
&'&3mc123&(&&
A
B
C
F E
D