ENAS 194: Problem Set #12 Spring 2014

For questions regarding this problem set, contact yang.liao@yale.edu

Due: April 28, 2014 Drop at Becton 225 before 12pm
[100 pts total]
1. [20 pts] Let an aluminium rod of length 20cm be initially at the uniform temperature of 25

C.
Starting at time t = 0, one end is cooled to 0

C while the other end is heated to 60

C, and
both are thereafter maintained at those temperatures. The temperature eld u(x, t) obeys
dierential equation
u
t
=
2
u
xx
,
where
2
= 0.86 for aluminum
(a) Find the initial and boundary conditions.
(b) Find the temperature distribution in the rod at any time t.
2. [20 pts]
(a) Find the solution u(x, y) of Laplaces equation in the rectangle 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b, that
satises the boundary conditions
u(0, y) = 0, u(a, y) = f(y), 0 < y < b,
u(x, 0) = h(x), u(x, b) = 0, 0 x a.
Hint : Consider the possibility of adding the solutions of two problems, one with homo-
geneous boundary conditions except for u(a, y) = f(y), and the other with homogeneous
boundary condition except for u(x, 0) = h(x).
(b) Find the solution if h(x) = (x/a)
2
and f(y) = 1 (y/b).
3. [20 pts] Find the solution u(r, ) of Laplaces eqauation
u
rr
+
1
r
u
r
+
1
r
2
u

= 0
outside of the circle r = a, that satises boundary condition
u(r, ) = f(), 0 < 2,
on the circle. Assume that u(r, ) is single-valued and bounded for r > a.
4. [20 pts] The classic form of the wave equation does not take into account the possibility of
damping. Assume that we are dealing with a string of length L that is clamped at both ends
and subject to an initial displacement. Furthermore, assume that there is a resistance to its
motion proportional to its instantaneous velocity, with constant of proportionality (damping
coecient) < 1/cL. This is reected in the following mathematical problem:
1
c
2
u
tt
+ u
t
= u
xx
, u(0, t) = u(L, t) = 0, u(x, 0) = f(t), u
t
(x, 0) = 0.
Solve this problem for the initial displacement f(x) = sin(x/L) + sin(3x/L).
1
5. [20 pts] The axially symmetric laminar ow of a viscous incompressible uid through a long
straight tube of circular cross section under a constant axial pressure gradient is known as
Poiseuille ow. The axial velocity is a function is the radial variable r only and satises the
boundary value problem

+
1
r

=
G

, (R) = 0,
(r) is bounded for 0 < r < R, where R is the radius of the tube, G is the pressure gradient,
and is the coecient of viscosity of the uid.
(a) Find the velocity prole (r).
(b) By integrating (r) over a cross section, show that the total ow rate Q is given by
Q = R
4
G/8.
Since Q,R and G can be measured, this result provides a practical way to determine the
viscosity .
(c) Suppose that R is reduced to 3/4 of its original value. What is the corresponding reduction
in Q? This result has implications for blood ow through arteries constricted by plaque.
2