..

Cavite Christian School

F.E. De Castro Village, Ligas, Bacoor, Cavite
TEETH WHITENER MADE OF BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA) PEEL
In partial fulfilment
Of the Requirements for the Subject in
Research II
Group no. IV
IV Philippians
S.Y. 2011-2012

Ronald Patrick DL. Pascual
Leader

Alexia PamelCandelaria
Secretary

Members
Frances Marie A. Polidario
Leonardo M. Genodiala III
Bren Don Manuel B. Lopea
Leoncio A. Tumibay III


Ms.Sherelyn C.Nuez
Adviser

Mrs.Normita D. Dabuyan
Subject Teacher

Date of Submission

March 19, 2012



APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled ___________ prepared & submitted by Group IV of IV-
Philippians in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Research II, has been examined
and is recommended for acceptance and approval.


____________________
Subject Teacher


Panel of Examinees

______________________
Ms.Annielyn G. Gorospe
CHAIRMAN

___________________ ___________________
Ms.Femalin B. Deniega Mr. Joseph S. Bidania
MEMBER MEMBER


______________________
Research Adviser


______________________
Date of Submission



ACKNOWLDEGEMENT

As researchers of Group IV from IV-Philippians, we would like to express our
gratitude to the following:

First, we would like to thank Lord God for giving us the knowledge, wisdom and
strength we needed to pursue this study
We want to thank all of our subject teachers for sharing their thoughts about our
study, for lending us their time and for giving considerations.
Our adviser, Ms.SherelynNuez, who gives us pieces of advice regarding our
study, especially in testing the product. We thank her for the effort and for lending
us her precious time.
Our subject teacher, Mrs.Normita D. Dabuyan, in supporting us all throughout
and for sharing her knowledge towards our study, for giving us pieces of advice
in making the product more presentable; to improve its taste, and for teaching us
from the most basic to the most complex.
The panellists,Ms.FemalinDeniega, Mr. Joseph Bidaniaand Ms.AnnielynGorospe
for their critical yet kind opinions and for guiding us through every revision of our
research documentation.
We want to express our gratitude to the respondents who gave their time and
cooperated during the survey. We also apologize for showing some impolite
attitude while you are testing the product.
And of course, to our parents who supported financially and served as our
inspiration to finish the research documentation.

ABSTRACT
Title: Teeth Whitener Made of Banana(Musa acuminata) Peel
Researchers: Group IV, IV-Philippians, Cavite Christian School

This research documentation is an experimental study about the use of banana
peel, one of the common wastes, used as a principal ingredient in making a teeth
whitener. The study aims to create a cheaper and healthier alternative to the
commercially processed teeth whitening products. The researchers initially stated
problems and hypotheses regarding the topic.
The sources of the studys Chapter II Related Literature, includes several
online resources such as www.teethwhiteningtipsrevealed.net and
www.facecarebook.com. The researchers used these materials as their references.
Some cited the qualities of banana peel itself and other stated related studies done by
other researches before.
The researchers systematically sampled from the whole population of the Cavite
Christian Schools High School Department to rate the finished product of each trial.
The products were done through a series of procedures, with varying proportions of the
ingredients in every trial. There is a total of thirty (30) respondents who rated the teeth
whitener made of banana peel in terms of whitening ability, taste, and texture. All of
which answered the main research instrument used in the study, the questionnaire.
After the experimentations and surveying were done, the researchers gathered
data and put it in tabular and graphical form, which was later organized to the Chapter
IV of the research documentation.
In the end of the study, the researchers made conclusions whether the
hypotheses were proven, summary regarding the results of the study, and
recommendations concerning possible continuation and update of this study.



TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Sheet----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
Acknowledgement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii

Chapter I: The Problem and Its Background

Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Statement of the Problem-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Statement of the Hypothesis--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Conceptual Framework----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
Scope and Delimitation---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Significance of the Study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Definition of Terms----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

Chapter II: Related Studies and Related Literature

Conceptual Literature-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Research Literature--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
Synthesis----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

Chapter III: Methodology

Research Design-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
Population, Sampling, and Respondents of the Study-------------------------------------------------------9
Research Instrument--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
Procedure--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
Statistical Analysis---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12




Chapter IV: Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation

Respondents Profile
Graph 1 Gender----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
Graph 2 Age--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
Graph 3 Year Level-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
Respondents Response by Gender in Relation to
Table 1 Whitening Ability----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
Table 2 Taste-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
Table 3 Texture----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
Respondents Response by Year Level in Relation to
Table 1 Whitening Ability----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
Table 2 Taste-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
Table 3 Texture----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21

Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

Summary---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
Recommendation----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23

Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
Questionnaire--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25







CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Setting
This chapter presents the background of the study, problem and its significance,
and the scopes and delimitations of the study
Introduction
The history of toothpaste started 2000 BC ago. Egyptians used toothpaste made
of soda, pumice stone and wine vinegar, brushed on with a chew stick. It may sound
awful but it is nothing compared to the Romans toothpaste. It was made from human
urine. It was said that Roman century doctors believed that urine whitens teeth. It was
proven thats why it was used as an active ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash in
the 18
th
century.
Nowadays dentists recognized that it was ammonia that cleaned the teeth. Many
chemicals and formulas are used for teeth whitening. Peroxide is one such agent used
for teeth whitening. Hydrogen peroxide has been safely used in whitening for over 100
years and it is also known as an effective ingredient by the dental community.
The researchers of Group-4 from the Fourth Year Philippians decided to study:
Teeth whitener made with banana peel. The group is interested in making teeth
whitener in a natural and cheaper -way. Banana peel was proven by scientists to have
potassium, calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and manganese that serves as natural teeth
whiteners. The teeth whitener with banana peel is suitable for the economy today. It
was made cheaper yet very effective. The group is being wise that all classes of people
would afford and use the product.

Statement of the Problem
The study aims to determine the effectiveness of banana peel as an ingredient
for teeth whitener.
Specifically, it tries to answer the following questions:
1. What is the respondents profile in terms of:
a. Gender
b. Age
c. Year Level
2. How effective is the Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of:
a. Whitening Ability
b. Taste
c. Texture
Statement of the Hypothesis
The researchers assume that the following hypotheses are true until the whole
experimentation has been done:
1. The respondents profile according to:
a. Gender
b. Age
c. Year Level
2. The banana peel is not effective as a teeth whitener ingredient in terms of the
following
a. Whitening Ability
b. Taste
c. Texture

Conceptual Framework
Research Paradigm


Figure 1.1
The paradigm above shows the different properties of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana
Peel


Texture

Taste

Whitening Ability
Teeth Whitener
Made with
Banana Peel
Factors
Factors
Factors

Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The researchers of Group 4 from IV-Philippians conducted a study using the
Experimental Method of research dealing with banana peel as an ingredient for teeth
whitener and Descriptive Method of research for surveys.
The thirty (30) respondents will be sampled from, and is only delimited to the
students of CCS High School Department, excluding students of the same year level as
that of the researchers. Each of them will use the teeth whitener for every trial and will
be given survey dealing with its whitening effect and taste.
The study also delimits the banana peel to be the only fruit used as an ingredient
in making teeth whitener.
Significance of the Study
The results of the study would benefit the following:
Teeth Whitener Manufacturers. Our study will be helpful to those who want to put
up inexpensive business. The sale of the teeth whitener will benefit them. They are the
ones who will profit the most from this study.
Students, friends and other researchers.Our study will be helpful and will serve
as their reference for their research paper. This study will give them information about a
Teeth Whitener Made with Banana Peel for them to conserve time working with their
own research paper.
Community.Our study is beneficial to the people, for them to have an idea on
making their homemade teeth whitener which is cheaper, and for them to enjoy the
convenience of the whitening effect of the product and eventually can be their source of
income if they would like.


Definition of Terms
The following terminologies were further defined by the researchers for a
better understanding of the research documentation:
A. Conceptual
Banana Peel the skin of a banana (especially when it is stripped off and
discarded)
Glycerine is a neutral, sweet-tasting, colourless, thick liquid which freezes to a
gummy paste and which has a high boiling point.It is also highly "hygroscopic" which
means that it absorbs water from the air.
Pumice Flour a cleaning and polishing agent for dental prophylaxis used in
conjunction with standard prophylaxis procedures.
Hydrogen Peroxide (H
2
O
2
) is the simplest peroxide (a compound with an
oxygen-oxygen single bond). It is also a strong oxidizer.
Whitening Ability the capability to make or become white or whiter, especially
by bleaching.
Taste the sense that distinguishes the sweet, sour, salty, and bitter qualities of
dissolved substances in contact with the taste buds on the tongue.
Texture The disposition of the several parts of any body in connection with each
other, or the manner in which the constituent parts are united.



B. Operational
Banana Peel the principal ingredient which is known for its many uses including
whitening ability
Glycerine is especially prevalent in toothpastes; it is used to make paste
creamy and it sweetens at the same time. It serves as humectant which retains water
Pumice Flour served as the abrasive of our product. It is also a dental polishing
agent which removes plaque from teeth which is termed polishing action.
Hydrogen Peroxide - is used as a bleach or cleaning agent. It contributes in the
whitening ability together with the banana peel and is suggested to be a part of the
whitening paste by many online articles.
Whitening Ability the capability to make teeth whiter in the span of 2 (two)
weeks.
Taste it tells the effectiveness of the teeth whitener in terms of taste
Texture The appearance and feel of the teeth whitener in the mouth









Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter contains information gathered from different external resources that
provided the researchers with exhaustive review of the topic and necessary background
knowledge to pursue the study.
Related Studies
Banana (Musa Acuminata) Peel, a tropical plant skin commonly found in the
Philippines is said to have many uses and one of them is its ability to whiten teeth.
According to www.ehow.com, to make homemade teeth whitener, one will need
baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, flavourings and may use one of the following: banana
peel, orange peel, strawberries or limes. Another study posted in the same site says
that by rubbing the inside of banana peel for about 2 minutes will whiten your teeth
because of the manganese and magnesium present on it.
Another study by www.dental-health-oral-hygiene.factoidz.com says that Rub
the inside of a banana peel across your teeth. This treatment is mild enough to use daily
and some people have reported seeing whiter teeth within a week of using this
treatment daily.





Conceptual Literature
Many studies and articles about banana peels have been done. Written on those
are the benefits, uses and nutritional values of banana peels itself.
According to www.facecarebook.com, banana peels contain many beneficial
vitamins and minerals like potassium, calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and manganese.
These act as natural tooth whitening, tooth enamel and promote stronger teeth. As with
www.facecarebook.com, the website www.teethwhiteningtipsrevealed.net states that,
banana peels is dentist approved natural whitening method and one of the easiest way
to avoid side effects in using such chemically processed teeth whitening products.
Additionally, www.themedguru.com says it appears to be safe, non-toxic, and cheap
solution.
These related articles support the study of Group 4 of IV-Philippians, Cavite
Christian School. The researchers use this as their base to proceed with their current
research.
Research Literature
Numerous projects and researches concerning the different uses of banana peel
have been done as well. The researchers of Group 4 look upon these studies as
references and sources of further and additional facts.
Some government-related websites have published in their own sites some
subject about banana peel. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food
Chemistry (EJAFChe) by the Benue State University Department of Chemistry, Brazil,
have cited that banana peel contains high amounts of Manganese which is necessary
for bone growth and reproduction. It also states that banana peel is good in maintaining
white tooth enamel. Other food experiments and recipes can be found on privately

owned sites like www.dungz.com, which refers to it as a natural, healthier and cheaper
alternative to the commercially processed teeth whiteners.
Synthesis
The researchers have gathered and collected different articles, studies and
literature which are found relevant to the current study, concerning the use of banana
peel as a potent ingredient of teeth whitener.
The researchers find the articles objective and unbiased and the most recent and
related they can have. These have motivated the researchers to pursue the goal of their
study and invent a teeth whitener made from banana peel. These will serve as the base
reference for the researchers study.
The said articles will be synthesized and used in comparison with the current
study at the end of the research.










CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, the procedures itself, the sampling
process, and the statistical tool employed in the treatment and analysis of data.
Research Design
The Researchers of Group 4 used both Experimental and Descriptive methods of
research in this study.
According to Gay (1976), the only method of research that can truly test
hypotheses is Experimental Method, and is therefore used as one of the framework of
this study. Several hypotheses must be verified and can only be verified through
experimentation and application of conceptual and theoretical framework to the whole
scale of research process.
On the other hand, Descriptive Method described by Wilson (1987) being the
survey design as involving population based on the gathered data from a sample drawn
from them, thus this method will be used final stages of the study, which involves
sampling and surveying with the finished product for every trial.
The specific designs used were Single Group Design for Experimental Method
and Survey for Descriptive Method.




Population, Sampling, and Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the research were sampled among the whole population of
Cavite Christian Schools High School Department, School Year 2011-2012. There were
a total of thirty (30) respondents wherein fourteen (14) of which are males and the
remaining sixteen (16) are females.
The respondents were chosen through systematic sampling, which is the best
random sampling design because no constraint is imposed and every member of the
population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample. In this way the researchers
can gather responses from different angles, resulting to a more unbiased and more
accurate data.
Research Instrument
Questionnaire is the major research instrument used in the study. According to
Good, the questionnaire is a list of planned, well written questions related to the
particular topic, with space provided for indicating the response to each question,
intended for submission to a number of persons for reply. The respondents must
answer the questionnaire, which is composed of the respondents Name, Year and
Section, and three rows of criteria, namely Whitening Ability, Taste, and Texture, with
their corresponding number for rating beside. Each respondent can answer the
questionnaire by shading their rate of choice from one (1) to five (5), with five (5) being
the highest and one (1) being the lowest. The specific values are: five (5) excellent;
four (4) very good; three (3) good; two (2) fair and; one (1) poor. Each of which
will be given ample time to answer the questionnaire, before the interpretation of data.


Procedure
Trial 1: Banana Peel Teeth Whitening Paste
For the first set of product, the researchers used the following ingredients: six (6)
banana peels; two (2) tablespoon of glycerine; twenty (20) drops of flavouring; one (1)
cup of pumice flour; four (4) tablespoon of sweetener; one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon
powder and; two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide.
The researchers have performed the following instructions to complete the first
set. Get the inner part (white) of the banana peels using a knife. Pound it until its fine.
Oven the mashed banana peels for ten (10) minutes then grind it afterwards to get a
powdery substance. In a mixing bowl, mix the banana peel powder together with one (1)
cup of pumice flour, two (2) tablespoon of glycerine, twenty (20) drops of flavouring, four
(4) tablespoon of sweetener, one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon powder and two (2)
tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide. Continuously mix it until it becomes paste-like
substance and pour it on a container afterwards.
The researchers, together with the respondents, evaluated the product and found
it not presentable. It also has a strong after-taste of pumice flour.

Trial 2: Banana Peel Teeth Whitening Paste
For the second set of product, the researchers used the following ingredients:
eight (8) banana peels; two (2) tablespoon of glycerine; twenty-five (25) drops of
flavouring; one (1) cup of pumice flour; five (5) tablespoon of sweetener; one (1)
teaspoon of cinnamon powder and; two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide.

The researchers have performed the following instructions to complete the first
set. Get the inner part (white) of the banana peels using a knife. Using a blender, blend
the white part of banana peels for five (5) minutes until it becomes puree-like. In amixing
bowl, mix the banana peel puree together with one (1) cup of pumice flour, two (2)
tablespoon of glycerine, twenty-five (25) drops of flavouring, five (5) tablespoon of
sweetener, one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon powder and two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen
peroxide. Continuously mix it until it becomes paste-like substance and pour it on a
container afterwards.
The researcherstogether with the respondents found out that blending the
banana peels improved the appearance of the product and adding sweetener improved
its taste. However, a mild after-taste of the pumice flour is still present.
Trial 3: Banana Peel Teeth Whitening Paste
For the third set of product, the researchers used the following ingredients: ten
(10) banana peels; two (2) tablespoon of glycerine; twenty-five (25) drops of flavouring;
one (1) cup of pumice flour; six (6) tablespoon of sweetener; one (1) teaspoon of
cinnamon powder and; two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide.
The researchers have performed the following instructions to complete the first
set. Get the inner part (white) of the banana peels using a knife. Using a blender, blend
the white part of banana peels for five (5) minutes until it becomes puree-like. In a
mixing bowl, mix the banana peel puree together with one (1) cup of pumice flour, two
(2) tablespoon of glycerine, twenty-five (25) drops of flavouring, six (6) tablespoon of
sweetener, one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon powder and two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen
peroxide. Continuously mix it until it becomes paste-like substance and pour it on a
container afterwards.

The researchers together with the respondents found out that this trial is the best
and is exact in terms of taste. The researchers also included more banana peels to
improve the whitening ability.




















Statistical Analysis

The researcher uses the formula

for the interpretation of gathered data to get the weighted mean of the respondents
responses, wherein:
- weighted mean
- summation
f - degree
x - no. of response within a certain degree
n - total no. of respondents
Obtained Weighted Mean Equivalents:
1 - (1.00-1.50) - Excellent
2 - (1.51-2.49) - Very Good
3 - (2.50-3.49) - Good
4 - (3.50-4.49) - Fair
5 - (4.50-5.00) - Poor




CHAPTER IV
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter presents the answer to the specific problems earlier raised in the study.

GRAPH I
RESPONDENTS PROFILE
A. According to age

The pie graph shows that, out of 30 respondents, 1 student or 3.33% is 12 years old, 8
students or 26.67% are 13 years old, 9 students or 30% are 14 years old, 11 students
or 36.67% are 15 years old and 1 student or 3.33% is 16 years old.


AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

12 y/o
13 y/o
14 y/o
15 y/o
16 y/o

GRAPH II
RESPONDENTS PROFILE
B, According to Gender


The pie graph shows that, out of 30 respondents, 16 or 53.33% are females and 14 or
46.67% are males.







GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS
Male
Female
53.33%
46.67%

GRAPH III
RESPONDENTS PROFILE
B. According to Year Level


The pie graph shows that, out of 30 respondents, 10 or 33.33% are first year students,
10 or 33.33% are second year students and 10 or 33.33% are third year students.







YEAR LEVEL OF THE RESPONDENTS
First Year
Second Year
Third Year
33.33%
33.33%
33.33%

A. According to Gender
Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of:
Table I
Whitening Ability

Table I shows how male and female respondents respond to the products
Whitening Effect of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating
of males in the last trial is 4.71 out of 5; the average rating of female in the last trial is
4.63 out of 5, and; the average rating of both males and females combined in the last
trial is 4.7 out of 5.











5 (EXCELLENT)

4 (VERY GOOD)

3 (GOOD)

2 (FAIR)

1 (POOR)

AVERAGE
MALE
10 4 0 0 0 4.71
FEMALE
11 6 0 0 0 4.63
TOTAL
21 9 0 0 0 4.7

Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of:
Table II
Taste

Table II shows how male and female respondents respond to the products Taste
of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of males in the
last trial is 4.71 out of 5; the average rating of female in the last trial is 4.69 out of 5,
and; the average rating of both males and females combined in the last trial is 4.7 out of
5.












5 (EXCELLENT)

4 (VERY GOOD)

3 (GOOD)

2 (FAIR)

1 (POOR)

AVERAGE
MALE
10 4 0 0 0 4.71
FEMALE
11 5 0 0 0 4.69
TOTAL
21 9 0 0 0 4.7

Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of:
Table III
Texture

Table III shows how male and female respondents respond to the products
Texture of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of males
in the last trial is 4.79 out of 5; the average rating of female in the last trial is 4.5 out of
5, and; the average rating of both males and females combined in the last trial is 4.63
out of 5.












5 (EXCELLENT)

4 (VERY GOOD)

3 (GOOD)

2 (FAIR)

1 (POOR)

AVERAGE
MALE
11 3 0 0 0 4.79
FEMALE
8 8 0 0 0 4.5
TOTAL
19 11 0 0 0 4.63

B.According to Year Level
Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of:
Table I
Whitening Ability

Table I shows how the respondents by year level responded to the
products Whitening Ability of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the
average rating of 1
st
Year students in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5; the average rating of
2
nd
Year students in the last trial is 5 out of 5;the average rating of 3
rd
Year students in
the last trial is 4.4 out of 5 and; the average rating of all the year levels combined in the
last trial is 4.7 out of 5.









5 (EXCELLENT)

4 (VERY GOOD)

3 (GOOD)

2 (FAIR)

1 (POOR)

AVERAGE
1
st
Year
7 3 0 0 0 4.7
2
nd
Year
10 0 0 0 0 5.0
3
rd
Year
4 6 0 0 0 4.4
TOTAL
21 9 0 0 0 4.7

Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of:
Table II
Taste

Table II shows how the respondents by year level responded to the products
Taste of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of 1
st
Year
students in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5; the average rating of 2
nd
Year students in the last
trial is 4.9 out of 5;the average rating of 3
rd
Year students in the last trial is 4.5 out of 5
and; the average rating of all the year levels combined in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5.











5 (EXCELLENT)

4 (VERY GOOD)

3 (GOOD)

2 (FAIR)

1 (POOR)

AVERAGE
1
st
Year
7 3 0 0 0 4.7
2
nd
Year
9 1 0 0 0 4.9
3
rd
Year
5 5 0 0 0 4.5
TOTAL
21 9 0 0 0 4.7

Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of:
Table III
Texture

Table III shows how the respondents by year level responded to the products
Texture of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of 1
st

Year students in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5; the average rating of 2
nd
Year students in
the last trial is 4.9 out of 5;the average rating of 3
rd
Year students in the last trial is 4.3
out of 5 and; the average rating of all the year levels combined in the last trial is 4.63 out
of 5.









5 (EXCELLENT)

4 (VERY GOOD)

3 (GOOD)

2 (FAIR)

1 (POOR)

AVERAGE
1
st
Year
7 3 0 0 0 4.7
2
nd
Year
9 1 0 0 0 4.9
3
rd
Year
3 7 0 0 0 4.3
TOTAL
19 11 0 0 0 4.63


CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter includes the summary, findings,conclusions and recommendations
of a study.
Summary
Having pearly white teeth has always been a part of a persons personal
grooming. Those who want to have white teeth use chemically based products and
are unaware of its disadvantages and possible side effects. For this reason, the
researchers of Group IV of IV-Philippians from Cavite Christian School, were motivated
to create a cheaper and healthier alternative.
The researchers main goal is to make a Teeth Whitening Paste Made of Banana
Peel which is usually left over and taken as waste.
The researchers then performed three trials, wherein each of which with varying
proportions of banana peel to perfect the alternative product, with the objective of
having a finished product after the third trial by the end of the alotted time.
After each trial, the products were brought to a survey upon thirty (30)
respondents sampled systematically from the whole student population of Cavite
Christian Schools Highschool Department. After every gathering of data, it was
analyzed, interpreted and compared to the results of other trials.
At the end of the study, the researchers have proven the effectivity of Teeth
Whitening Paste Made of Banana Peel in terms of : Whitening Ablity, Taste, and
Texture.




Conclusion
The researcher of Group IV conclude the following statements based on the
gathered data from the sample population.
Banana peel is really effective in terms of whitening ability. Based from the
gathered data, it has helped in making the most of respondents teeth whiter which
accounts to the component that it has. The Teeth Whitener made of Banana Peel is
also effective in terms of taste and texture. The researchers found out that the abrasive
use has its aftertaste so in order to suit the preferences of the respondents, the
researchers added flavoring which includes its sweetener and eucalyptus to add its
minty taste. These flavorings does not alter the whitening capability of the paste but only
improves its taste and texture. Overall, the Teeth Whitener made of Banana Peel is
efficient in the objectives the researchers want to achieve.
The researchers of Group IV proved that the above statements are true.
Recommendation
The researchers recommend the Teeth Whitening Paste Made of Banana Peel
as an alternative to commercially processed teeth whitening products made of different
chemicals. Our study will benefit manufacturers, entrepreneurs, future researchers, and
the community and it can be a source of income in the future. We also suggest the use
of different fruits like orange, strawberry and lime for making teeth whitening paste.









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Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry (EJAFChe) by the
Benue State University Department of Chemistry, Brazil































Questionnaire

The Group IV of Fourth Year Philippians would like to ask for your cooperation in our
research entitled Whitening Paste made of Banana Peel.

We need your honesty on the following, we hope you would give us a little of your time.

Fill up the following information:
Name: _____________________________________

Year Level: Age: Gender:
Direction: Please shade the circle that marks your choice
Are you using any whitening paste or product? No
If Yes please specify (brand):
Colgate
Sensodyne
Pepsodent
GumTect
Others: ________________

How effective is the Whitening Paste made of banana peel in terms of:
1 2 3 4 5
WHITENING ABILITY
(Answer Whitening Ability in the Last Sampling)

TASTE (Does the whitening paste tastes well?)

TEXTURE (How long the freshness stays?)


LEGEND:
1 Poor 2 Fair 3 Good 4 Very Good 5 - Excellent