Designation: D 2639 98

TRADUCCION AL FINAL

Standard Test Method for
Plastic Properties of Coal by the ConstantTor!"e #ieseler
Plasto$eter
%
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2639; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision ! number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval !
superscript epsilon "e# indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval
1. Scope
$$ This test method covers a relative measure of the plastic
behavior of coal when heated under prescribed conditions
This test method may be used to obtain semi%uantitative
values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in
carboni&ation and in other situations where determination of
plastic behavior of coals is of practical importance
$2 The values stated in '( units are to be regarded as the
standard The values given in parentheses are for information
only
$3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2$ ASTM Standards:
D 2)$3 *ethod of +reparing ,oal 'amples for !nalysis
2
D 223- +ractice for ,ollection of a .ross 'ample of ,oal
2
3. Terminology
3$ Definitions:
3$$ dial diision per minute, n/as used in this test
method, a measure of stirrer rotation rate There are $)) dial
divisions for each full 36)0 rotation of the stirrer 'tirrer
rotation rate is total dial divisions turned by the stirrer in a one
minute time period
3$2 final fluid temperature, n/as used in this test method,
the temperature at which stirrer rotation rate last reaches $)
dial divisions per minute
3$3 initial softening temperature, n/as used in this test
method, the temperature at which the stirrer rotation rate first
reaches $) dial divisions per minute
3$- ma!imum fluidity, n/as used in this test method, the
measured maximum stirrer rotation rate, in dial divisions per
minute
3$1 ma!imum fluidity temperature, n/as used in this test
$
This test method is under the 2urisdiction of !'T* ,ommittee D31 on ,oal
and ,o4e and is the direct responsibility of 'ubcommittee D)1$1 on *etallurgical
+roperties of ,oal and ,o4e
,urrent edition approved 'ept $), $995 +ublished 6ovember $995 7riginally
published as D 2639869T :ast previous edition D 2639899
2
Annual "oo# of ASTM Standards, ;ol )1)1
Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Driv, !"t Co#"hoho$%#, &A 1'()*+)',', U#it-
Stat".
$
method, the temperature at which stirrer rotation rate reaches a
maximum value
3$6 plastic range, n/difference between the final fluid
and the initial softening temperatures
3$9 solidification temperature, n/as used in this test
method, the temperature at which the last stirrer rotation is
observed
4. Summary of Test Method
-$ The plastometer measures the plastic properties of coals
by the use of a constantly applied tor%ue on a stirrer placed in a
crucible into which the coal is charged The crucible is
immersed in a bath and the temperature increased uniformly
The rates of movement of the stirrer are recorded in relation to
increase in temperature
5. Significance and Use
1$ <eliable values of the plastic properties of coals are used
to predict or explain the behavior of a coal or blends during
carboni&ation or in other processes such as gasification, li%ue3
faction, and combustion
. !pparatus
6$ $ieseler %lastometer/The apparatus shall consist of
the following=
6$$ &etort/! steel retort consisting of four parts as
shown in >ig $
6$2 &etort 'rucible, cylindrical, 2$- 6 ))5 mm
")5-- 6 )))3 in# in inside diameter and 31) mm "$35 in#
in depth, with exterior threads for 2oining the crucible to the
crucible cover The crucible shall have a 2353 6 ))23mm
"))9-3 6 )))$3in# diameter notch in the center of its inside
base to serve as a seat for the stirrer
6$3 &etort 'rucible 'oer, with interior threads for 2oin3
ing the crucible cover to the crucible and exterior threads for
2oining the crucible cover to the barrel The inside diameter of
the hole which accommodates the stirrer is 913 6 ))5 mm
")391 6 )))3 in#
6$- "arrel, $2$ mm "-91 in# long and having an inside
diameter of 913 6 ))5 mm ")391 6 )))3 in# The top
end of the barrel shall be $29 mm ")1)) in# in inside
diameter to a depth sufficient to allow clearance for the axle of
the plastometer head when the apparatus is assembled !
hole, fitted with a tube, shall be provided at the midpoint
of the
2
D 2639
&'#( % )etort *sse$bly
D 2639
barrel so as to afford exit for the volatile products
during a test
6$1 Steel Stirrer, provided with a straight
shaft
396 6 ))3 mm ")$16 6 )))$ in# in diameter and
e%uipped with four rabble arms The lower end of the
stirrer shall have a 6)0 included angle The rabble
arms on the stirrer shall be
$19 6 ))3 mm "))621 6 )))$ in# in diameter, 631
6 ))1 mm ")21) 6 )))2 in# in length, and shall be
placed perpen3 dicular to the shaft at 9)0 intervals
around the shaft and
3$5 6 ))3 mm ")$21 6 )))$ in# apart center to
center along the shaft The middle two rabble arms shall
be set at $5)0 to each other, and li4ewise, the remaining
two arms $5)0 to each other The lowest rabble arm
shall be set in the shaft to give $193mm "))6213in#
clearance between it and the bottom of the crucible
when the stirrer is in place The upper end of the stirrer
shall be cut to fit into the slot on the lower end of the
axle in the plastometer head
6$6 $uide Sleee, provided near the upper end
of the stirrer to guide the latter within the barrel, with a
clearance of at least ))1 mm ")))2 in#
62 %lastometer (ead/The plastometer head shall
consist of a fixed3speed motor connected directly to a
hysteresis bra4e which is capable of ad2ustment from
293 to 29)3g ? cm "$$-3 to $$-3g ? in# tor%ue @ach
complete revolution, or $))3dial division, shall be
recorded on a magnetic counter actuated by an electric
eye or other suitable method The tor%ue shall be
chec4ed using a drive pulley, transfer pulley,
monofilament line, and weights as shown in >ig 2
!d2ust the hysteresis bra4e tor%ue to lift a 35))3 6
)$3g weight over one full rotation of the slotted axle
and not lift a -2))3 6 )$3g weight over one full
rotation of the slotted axle The lifted weights include
the variable weight of the monofilament line between
the transfer pulley and the attached weight !ll
instruments
D 2639
&'#( 2 P"lley
*rrange$ent
To Calibrate
Tor!"e
should be chec4ed in this manner at least once each
wee4
63 )urnace/!n electrically heated furnace with
suitable manual, or automatic, controls shall be
provided so that a heating rate of 3) 6 )$0,Amin, on
an over3all basis, with not more than 3) 6 $)0, for
any given minute can be maintained over a temperature
range from 3)) to 11)0, This temperature circuit
should be chec4ed and standardi&ed periodically The
furnace shall contain a molten solder bath of
approximately
1) B lead and 1) B tin composition Temperature in
the bath shall be measured with a suitable
thermocouple in a 6313mm ")21)3in# outside diameter
protection tube immersed in the bath so that the tube
touches the outside wall of the crucible, and the hot
2unction of the couple is at the same height as the center
of the coal charge ! stirrer shall be used to agitate the
solder ! suitable furnace is illustrated in >ig 3
6- *oading Deice/The loading device shall be
provided so that the coal may be pac4ed uniformly in
the crucible under a total pac4ing load of $) 4g and
designed in such a manner that, after compression, the
crucible and its contents can easily be removed from the
device without disturbing the contents ! suitable device
is shown in >ig - The use of a static weight of
9 4g together with a drop3weight of $ 4g dropped
twelve times from a height of $$-3 mm "-1 in# is
permissible as an alternative method of pac4ing The
drop3weight arrangement is shown in >ig 1 >or
coals that are difficult to pac4, it is permissible to
add one to three drops of ben&ene or toluene on the
shaft of the stirrer near the surface of the coal before the
weight is added
".
Sam
ple
9$ ,ollect a representative gross sample of coal in
accor3 dance with Test *ethods D 223- and prepare
in accordance with *ethod D 2)$3 !pproximately -
4g of coal crushed to pass a -913mm "6o -# sieve
shall constitute the laboratory sample
&'#( 3 &"rnace *sse$bly
&'#( + ,oading De-ice &'#( . ,oading De-ice
#. $reparation of Sample
5$ !ir dry the sample prior to preparation
'pread the sample on tared pans, weigh, and air dry it
at room temperature or at slightly elevated temperatures
not exceeding $10, above room temperature, until the
moisture loss is less than )$ BAh Drying should not be
continued beyond this point so that the
plastic properties of the coal are not altered by oxidation
!fter air drying, grind the -34g laboratory sample to pass
an 51)3Cm "6o 2)# sieve and reduce it by riffling to about
1)) g Duarter, preferably by riffling, this 1))3g portion
and stage3crush one %uarter to pass a -213Cm "6o -)#
sieve in such a manner as to minimi&e production of fines
Test the coal for plastic proper3 ties as soon as possible
after preparing the sample passing the
-213Cm
sieve
%.
$rocedure
9$ The hysteresis bra4e is normally ad2usted to
$)$63
6 1$3g ? cm "-))3 6 2)3g ? in#
tor%ue
92 *ount the crucible, with the stirrer in place, in
the t4;2loading device as shown in >ig 3 but with the cage
raised ,harge 1) g of the prepared sample of coal into the
crucible :ower the cage onto the coal and press firmly
with the fingers <otate the stirrer slightly with the fingers
to fill the voids under the rabble arms Then lower the cage
on the coal and apply the
$)34g weight, ma4ing sure that the total weight is
transmitted to the coal charge ,ompress the charge for $1
min, after which remove the loading device, ta4ing extreme
care not to disturb the position of the stirrer in the coal (f
an alternative method of pac4ing is used, use the same
care 'crew the barrel on to the plastometer head, ma4ing
sure that the top of the stirrer fits in the slotted end of the
axle
93 :ower the assembled apparatus into the furnace until
the bottom of the crucible is immersed to a depth of 962
mm "3 in# in the molten solder bath maintained at a
temperature of
3))0, +lace the thermocouple in the bath in accordance
with
63 The heating control shall be such that the bath will
reattain the initial temperature in $) 6 2 min after
immersion of the retort Thereafter, heat the retort at a
rate of 3) 6 )$0,Amin on the over3all basis
9- Temperature and stirrer rotation measurements shall
be made at $3min intervals between the initial softening
and solidification temperatures for the analy&ed coal test
sample
1&. 'um(er of
Tests
$)$ !ll tests shall be made in duplicate, and the
average values reported
11. )are of
$lastometer
$$$ The dimensions of the rabble arms on the stirrer
shall meet the specifications in 1$- and >ig 2 (n
addition to thorough cleaning of the stirrer and crucible
between tests, it is important that the dimensions of the
rabble arms be chec4ed at fre%uent intervals The stirrer is
to be discarded when any of the rabble arms has a
diameter E$-9 mm "))15 in# or has a
E6$)3mm ")2-3in#
length
12. )alculation
$2$ >rom the measured dial division per minute
readings, determine the maximum fluidity of the test
sample ,alculate the logarithm "Fase $)# of the maximum
fluidity if maximum fluidity G$ dial division per minute
13. Report
$3$ <eport the following information=
$3$$ ,haracteristic temperatures= initial softening;
maxi3 mum fluidity; final fluid; solidification; and plastic
range
$3$2 *aximum fluidity and logarithm "Fase $)# maxi3
mum fluidity to one decimal place if maximum fluidity G$
dial division per minute
14. $recision and *ias
$-$ %recision=
$-$$ &epeatability/>or duplicate tests carried out
at different times in the same laboratory, by the same
operator, with the same apparatus, on representative
portions ta4en from the same sample after the last stage of
the reduction process, all characteristic temperature points
should agree within 10, :i4ewise, maximum rates of
drum dial movement of duplicate tests should agree within
6$) B of the arithmetic average of the two tests (f these
criteria are not met, the results should be discarded and a
second set of tests run (f agreement between tests in the
second set is unsatisfactory, these results should be
discarded also, and a third set of tests run (f agreement
between tests in the third set is unsatisfactory, the average
of the six individual tests should be reported
$-$2 &eproducibility/(t is not practical to specify
the reproducibility of this test method because numerous
round3 robin experiments have demonstrated inherent
variance of test e%uipment
67T@ $/<ound3robin experiments have included both coal and
syn3 thetic standards
$-$2$ (t has been determined there are no valid
statistical data for the establishment of a reproducibility
statement for this test method This test method should,
therefore, be used only as an indicator of the plastic
properties of coal
$-2 "ias/This test method, including calibration, is an
empirical procedure Therefore, the degree of absolute bias
cannot be determined
15. +ey,ords
$1$ carboni&ation; contraction; dial divisions;
expansion;
fluidity; geisler; plasticity; rheology
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