TCVN 7230e

tcvn 7230 : 2003
Fixed Offshore platform

Rules for Classification and Construction
Materials

Vi et namr egi st er

Hanoi - 2003

TCVN Vietnamese standard
TCVN 7230:2003
3
Content
1. Gener al
1. 1. Appl i cat i on
1. 2. Pr ocess of manuf act ur e
1. 3. Chemi cal composi t i on
1. 4. Heat t r eat ment
1. 5. Test i ng and i nspect i on
1. 6. Execut i on of t est i ng and i nspect i on
1. 7. I dent i f i cat i on of mat er i al s
1. 8. Test cer t i f i cat es
1. 9. Qual i t y and r epai r of def ect s
1. 10. Addi t i onal t est s bef or e r ej ect i on
1. 11. Mat er i al mar ki ng
2. Mechani cal t esi ng pr ocedur es
2. 1. Gener al
2. 1. 1. Appl i cat i on
2. 1. 2. Pr epar at i on of t est speci mens
2. 1. 3. Tesi ng machi ne
2. 2. Tensi l e t est
2. 2. 1. Di mensi ons of t est speci mens
2. 2. 2. Def i ni t i on of yi el d st r ess f or st eel
2. 2. 3. Pr ocedur e f or t est i ng at ambi ent t emper at ur e
2. 2. 4. Equi val ent el ongat i ons
2. 2. 5. Pr ocedur e f or t est i ng at el evat ed t emper at ur es
2. 3. I mpact t est s
2. 3. 1. Di mensi ons of t est speci mens
2. 3. 2. Test i ng pr ocedur es
2. 4. Duct i l i t y t est s f or pi pes and t ubes
2. 4. 1. Bend t est
2. 4. 2. Fl at t eni ng t est s
2. 4. 3. Dr i f t expandi ng t est s
2. 4. 4. Fl angi ng t est
3. Mat er i al sel ect i on
3. 1. Gener al r equi r ement s
3. 1. 1. Basi s of sel ect i on
3. 2. St r uct ur al st eel s f or desi gn t emper at ur es 5
o
C and above
3. 2. 1. Scope
3. 2. 2. Mat er i al r equi r ement s
3. 3. St r uct ur al st eel s f or desi gn t emper at ur es 0
0
C and bel ow
TCVN 7230:2003
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3. 3. 1. Scope
4. Rol l ed st eel mat er i al s
4. 1. 2. Manuf act ur e
4. 1. 3. Qual i t y of mat er i al s
4. 1. 4. Di ment i onal t ol er ances
4. 1. 5. Deoxi dat i on pr act i ce and heat t r eat ment
4. 1. 6. Rect i f i cat i on of def ect s
4. 1. 7. Sel ect i on of t est sampl es
4. 1. 8. Mat er i al mar ki ng
4. 2. Rol l ed st eel s f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i ons
4. 2. 2. St eel s cl asi f i cat i on
4. 2. 3. Chemi cal composi t i on
4. 2. 4. Mechani cal t est s
4. 2. 5. Addi t i onal t est s bef or e r ej ect i on
4. 2. 6. Di mensi onal t ol er ance
4. 2. 8. Addi t i onal r equi r ement s
4. 3. Rol l ed st eel s f or machi ner y st r uct ur es
4. 3. 1. Gener al
4. 4. Rol l ed st eel s f or boi l er and pr essur e vessel s
4. 4. 2. Manuf act ur e and chemi cal composi t i on
4. 4. 3. Heat t r eat ment
4. 5. Fer r i t i c st eel s f or l ow t emper at ur e ser vi ce
4. 6. Aust eni t i c st ai nl ess st eel s
5
4. 6. 3. Heat t r eament
4. 6. 5. I nt er cr yst al l i ne cor r osi on t est s
4. 7. Pl at es wi t h speci f i ed t hr ough t hi ckness pr oper t i es
4. 7. 3. Test mat er i al
4. 7. 4. Di ment i ons of t hr ough t hi ckness t ensi l e t est speci mens
4. 7. 6. Non- dest r uct i ve exami nat i on
5. St eel cast i ngs
5. 1. Gener al
5. 1. 3. Qual i t y of cast i ng
5. 1. 6. Test mat er i al and t est speci mens
5. 1. 7. Vi sual and non- dest r uct i ve exami nat i on
5. 1. 8. Pr essur e t est i ng
5. 1. 9. Rect i f i cat l on of def ect i ve cast i ngs
5. 2. St eel cast i ng f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i on
5. 2. 2. St eel cast i ng f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i on wi t h desi gn t emper at ur e
not l ess t han 5
0
C
5. 2. 3. St eel cast i ngs f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i on wi t h t he desi gn
t emper at ur e l ess t han 0
0
C
5. 3. St eel cast i ngs f or machi ner y const r uct i on
5. 3. 2. St eel s cl assi f i cat i on
5. 4. Cast i ngs f or cr ankshaf t s
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5. 5. Cast i ngs f or boi l er s, pr essur e vessel s and pi pi ng syst ems
5. 6. Fer r i t i c st eel cast i ngs f or l ow t emper at ur e ser vi ce
5. 7. Aust eni t i c st ai nl ess st eel cast i ngs
6. St eel For gi ngs
6. 1. 1. Gener al
6. 1. 3. Qual i t y
6. 2. St eel f or gi ngs f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i on
6. 2. 1. St eel f or gi ngs f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i on wi t h desi gn t emper at ur e
above t han 0
0
C
l ess t han 0
0
C
6. 3. St eel f or gi ngs f or shaf t i ng and machi ner y
7
6. 3. 6. Non - dest r uct i ve exami nat i on
6. 4. For gi ngs f or cr ankshaf t s
6. 5. For gi ngs f or gear i ng
6. 5. 5. Mechani cal t est s f or t hr ough har dened, i nduct i on har dened or
ni t r l ded f or gi ngs
6. 5. 6. Mechani cal t et s f or car bur l zed f or gi ngs
6. 6. St eel f or gi ngs f or t ur bi nes
6. 6. 2. St eel cl assi f i cat i on
6. 6. 8. Ther mal st abi l i t y t est s
6. 7. For gi ng f or boi l er s, pr essur e vessel s and pi pi ng syst ems
6. 7. 6. Pr essur e t est s
6. 8. Fer r i t i c st eel f or gi ngs f or l ow t emper at ur e ser vi ce
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6. 9. Aust eni t i c st ai nl ess st eel f or gi ngs
6. 9. 1. Gener al
7. St eel Pi pes and Tubes
7. 1. Gener al
7. 1. 2. Cl assi f i cat i on of pi pi ng syst em
7. 1. 3. Manuf act ur er
7. 1. 4. Qual i t y
7. 1. 5. Di mensi onal t ol er ances
7. 1. 8. Test mat er i al
7. 1. 9. Di mensi ons of t est speci mens and t est pr ocedur es
7. 1. 10. Vi sual and non- dest r uct i ve t est i ng
7. 1. 11. Hydr aul i c t est
7. 2. Seaml ess pr essur e pi pes
7. 3. Wel ded pr essur e pi pes
7. 4. Fer r i t i c st eel pr essur e pi pes f or l ow t emper at ur e ser vi ce
7. 5. Aust eni t i c st ai nl ess st eel pr essur e pi pes
9
7. 5. 5. I nt er cr yst al l i ne cor r osi on t est
7. 6. Boi l er and super heat er t ubes

10
VIETNAMESE STANDARD
Tcvn 7230: 2003
Fixed Offshore platform - Rules for Classification and
Construction - Materials
1. General
1.1. Application
1. 1. 1. The r equi r ement s i n t hi s st andar d appl y t o t he mat er i al s i nt ended t o
be used f or t he const r uct i on of st r uct ur e, equi pment and machi ner y of f i xed
of f shor e pl at f or m.
1. 1. 2. Vi et nam r egi st er ( VR) i s t he aut hor i t y, whi ch per f or ms t echni cal
super vi si on i n pr ocess of mat er i al manuf act ur e i n accor di ng wi t h t hi s
st andar d.
1. 1. 3. Mat er i al s havi ng char act er i st i cs ot her t han t hose speci f i ed i n t hi s
st andar d may be used when t he det ai l ed desi gn dat a of t hese mat er i al s and
t hei r use ar e appr oved by VR. I n t hi s case, det ai l ed dat a r el at i ng t o t he
pr ocess of manuf act ur e, chemi cal composi t i on, machani cal pr oper t i es, et c. of
t he mat er i al s ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
1.2. Process of manufacture
1. 2. 1. The mat er i al s speci f i ed i n t hi s st andar d, unl ess ot her wi se speci al l y
pr ovi ded or deemed appr opr i at e by VR, ar e t o be manuf act ur ed at t he wor k
appr oved by VR wi t h r egar d t o t he pr ocess of t he manuf act ur e of t he mat er i al s.
1. 2. 2. The manuf act ur er i s t o obt ai n appr oval of VR i n advance concer ni ng
t he pr ocess of manuf act ur e speci f i ed i n 1. 2. 1 by t aki ng pr ocedur es deemed
appr opr i at e by VR.
1. 2. 3. The st eel mat er i al speci f i ed i n t hi s st andar d i s t o be manuf act ur ed
by basi c oxygen conver t or , el ect r i c f ur nace or ot her pr ocess speci al l y
appr oved by VR.
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1. 2. 4. Pr i mar y mat er i al s such as i ngot , sl ab or bi l l et suppl i ed t o ot her
manuf act ur er s or ot her wor ks i n t he same manuf act ur er ar e t o be manuf act ur ed
by t he pr ocess of manuf act ur e of t hese mat er i al s appr oved by VR.
1.3. Chemical composition
1.3.1. The mat er i al chemi cal composi t i on i s t o be compl yed wi t h t he
r equi r ement s i n t hi s st andar d. The chemi cal composi t i on i s t o be anal i zed at
an adequat el y equi pped and compet ent l y st af f ed l abor at or y on sampl es gener al l y
t aken f r om each mel t , and i s t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s f or chemi cal
composi t i on speci f i ed i n t hi s st andar d.
1.3.2. The r esul t s of chemi cal composi t i on anal ysi s by mat er i al
manuf act ur er may be accept ed, but a check anal ysi s may be r equi r ed by VR wher e
deemed necessar y at t he r ecogni zed l abor at or y.
1.3.3. At t he di scr et i on of t he Sur veyor , a check chemi cal anal ysi s of
sui t abl e sampl es f r om t he pr oduct s may al so be r equi r ed. These sampl es ar e t o
be t aken f r om t he mat er i al used f or mechani cal t est s. For pr oduct sampl es t he
per mi ssi bl e l i mi t s of devi at i on f r om t he speci f i ed l adl e anal ysi s ar e t o be
compl i ed wi t h t he r equi r ement s speci f i ed at t abl e 1. 3- 1.
Bng 1.3-1 - Permissible limits of deviation of product analysis from the
specified ladle analysis
Chemical elements Permissible limits of deviation, %
Car bon ( C )
0, 04
Manganess ( Mn )
0, 10
Sul phur ( S )
0, 01
Phosphor us ( P )
0, 01
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1.4. Heat treatment
1. 4. 1. Mat er i al ar e t o be suppl i ed i n t he condi t i on speci f i ed i n, or
per mi t t ed by, t he r el evant chapt er s of t hi s st andar d.
1. 4. 2. Heat t r aet ment i s t o be car r i ed out i n pr oper l y const r uct ed f ur naces
whi ch ar e ef f i ci ent l y mai nt ai ned and have adequat e means f or cont r ol and
r ecor di ng of t emper at ur e. The f ur naces di mensi ons ar e t o be such as t o al l ow
t he whol e i t em t o be uni f or ml y heat ed t o t he necessar y t emper at ur e. I n t he
case of ver y l ar ge component s whi ch r equi r e heat t r eat ment , al t er nat i ve
met hods wi l l be speci al l y consi der ed by VR.
1.5. Testing and inspection
1.5.1. Mat er i al s ar e t o be t est ed and i nspect ed i n pr esence of t h Sur veyor
except ot her wi se speci al l y pr ovi ded, and ar e t o be compl i ed wi t h t he
r equi r ement s i n t hi s st andar d.
1.5.2. Mat er i al s havi ng char act er i t i cs ot her t hen t hose pr ecr i bed i n t hi s
st andar d ar e t o be t est ed and i nspect ed accor di ng t o t he appr oved
speci f i cat i ons f or t he t est i ng.
1.5.3. VR may di spense wi t h t he t est s f or mat er i al s havi ng t he appr opr i at e
cer t i f i cat es
1.5.4. VR may modi f y t he r equi r ement of pr esence of t est i ng and i nspect i on
by t he Sur veyor wher e t he qui l i t y of mat er i al s and t he qual i t y cont r ol syst em
of manuf act ur er ar e deemed appopr i at e by VR.
1.5.5. VR may r equest t est s under condi t i on of hi gher or l ower t emper at ur e
t han t hose speci f i ed i n t hi s st andar d i n consi der at i on of t he i nt ended ser vi ce
condi t i on of t he mat er i al s.
1.6. Execution of testing and inspection
1. 6. 1. The manuf act ur er s ar e t o af f or d t he Sur veyor al l necessar y
f aci l i t i es and access t o al l r el evant par t s of t he wor ks t o enabl e hi m t o
ver i f y t hat t he appr oved pr ocess i s adher ed t o.
1. 6. 2. The manuf act ur er i s t o show t he or der speci f i cat i ons, speci al
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r equi r ement s, et c. of t he mat er i al s t o t he Sur veyor pr i or t o t he mat er i al s
t est .
1. 6. 3. Al l t est s and i nspect i ons ar e t o be car r i ed out at t he pl ace of
manuf act ur e pr i or t o del i ver y, but i n t he event of any mat er i al pr ovi di ng
unsat i sf act or y i n t he pr ocess of bei ng wor ked, i t i s t o be r ej ect ed,
not wi t hst andi ng any pr evi ous cer t i f i cat e of sat i sf act or y t est i ng and
i nspect i on wher e t he Sur veyor consi der s necessar y.
1. 6. 4. The t est i ng machi nes used f or t he macheni cal t est i ng of mat er i al ar e
t o be t hose whi ch ar e i nspect ed and have t he ef f ect i ve cer t i f i cat es i ssued by
VR or ot her or gani zat i on r ecogni zed by VR i n accor dance wi t h t he cur r ent
r egul at i on of VR.
1.7. Identification of materials
The manuf act ur er i s t o t ake a sui abl e measur e f or i dent i f i cat i on of i ngot s,
sl abs, cast i ngs, f or gi ngs and f i ni shed pi eces, et c. whi ch wi l l enabl e t he
mat er i al t o be t r aced t o t he pr ocessi ng det ai l s as mel t i ng, r ol l i ng, f or gi ng,
heat t r eat maent s, et c. at al l phase of manuf act ur i ng pr ocess.

1.8. Test certificates
1. 8. 1. The manuf act ur er i s t o submi t t est cer t i f i cat e on t he r ol l ed st eel
mat er i al s whi ch have passed t he speci f i ed t est r equi r ement s f or each mat er i al
mar k f or t he Sur veyor s si gnat ur e, pr ovi ded t hat i t i s deemed appr opr i at e by
VR.
1. 8. 2. The t est cer t i f i cat e speci f i ed i n 1. 8. 1 ar e t o cont ai n, i n addi t i on
t o t he di mensi ons, mass, et c. , of t he st eel mat er i al , at l east i t ems 1. 8. 2. 1
t hr ough 1. 8. 2. 9 of t he f ol owi ng par t i cul ar s:
1. 8. 2. 1. Pur chaser s or der number and i f known t he of f shor e pl at f or m name
whi ch t he mat er i al i s i nt ended
1. 8. 2. 2. I dent i f i cat i on number or symbol
1. 8. 2. 3. I dent i f i cat i on of manuf act ur er
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1. 8. 2. 4. I dent i f i cat i on of gr ade of mat er i al
1. 8. 2. 5. Chemi cal compsi t i on ( l adl e anal ysi s on el ement s speci f i ed i n t he
r equi r ement and added when necessar y)
1. 8. 2. 6. Car bon equi val ent ( C
eq
) or col d cr acki ng suscept i bi l i t y ( P
cm
)
cal cul at ed f r om t he f ol l owi ng f or mul a usi ng l adl e anal ysi s ( onl y i n such t he
case as spei f i ed i n t hi s st andar d) :

(%)
15
Cu Ni
5
V Mo Cr
6
Mn
C C
eq

5B
10
V
15
Mo
20
Cr
60
Ni
20
Cu
20
Mn
30
Si
C P
cm
( %)
1. 8. 2. 7. Mechani cal t est r esul t s
1. 8. 2. 8. Condi t i on of heat t r eat ment
1. 8. 2. 9. Deoxi dat i on pr act i ce i s t o be st at ed ( r i med st eel onl y)
1. 8. 3. The manuf at ur er i s t o ent er t he f ol l owi ng st at ement on t he
cer t i f i cat e t o show t hat t he st eel mat er i al has been made by an appr oved
pr ocess, and t he decl ar at i on i s t o be si gned by t he per sonnel of t he
manuf act or i ng shop i n char ge of pr oduct qual i t y cont r ol or i nspect i on.
However , anot her met hod may be used i nst ead of t he si gnat ur e of t he per son i n
char ge, pr ovi ded t hat i t i s deemed appr opr i at e by VR. Exampl e: We her eby
cer t i f y t hat t he mat er i al has been made by an appr oved pr ocess and has been
sat i sf act or y t est ed i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement of VR
1. 8. 4. The r equi r ement s i n 1. 8. 1 t o 1. 8. 3 ar e t o be appl i ed t o t he
mat er i al s whi ch ar e speci f i ed i n t hi s st andar d but whi ch ar e ot her t han r ol l ed
st eel mat er i al s.
1. 8. 5. Wher e pr i mar y mat er i al s such as i ngot s, sl ab or bi l l et ar e not
pr oduced i n t he wor k at whi ch i t i s r ol l ed or f or ged, a cer t i f i cat e i s t o be
suppl i ed t o t he Sur veyor at t he r ol l i ng, pi pi ng or f or gi ng wor ks st at i ng t he
pr ocess by whi ch i t was manuf act ur ed, t he name of t he manuf act ur er who
suppl i ed t hese, t he number of t he cast f r om whi ch i t was made and t he l adl e
anal ysi s. I n t hi s case, t he manuf act ur i ng pr ocess of pr i mar y mat er i al s such as
TCVN 7230:2003
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i ngot s, sl ab or bi l l et ar e deemed appr opr i at e by VR.
1.9. Quality and repair of defects
1. 9. 1. Al l mat er i al s ar e t o be f r ee f r omhar mf ul def ect s.
1. 9. 2. Smal l sur f ace i mper f ect i ons may be r emoved by mechani cal means
pr ovi ded t hat , af t er such t r eat ment , t he di mensi ons ar e accept abl e, t he ar ea
i s pr oved f r ee f r om def ect s and t he r ect i f i cat i on has been compl et ed i n
accor dance wi t h t he appl i cabl e r equi r ement s of t hi s st andar d and t o t he
sat i sf act i on of t he Sur veyor .
1. 9. 3. The r epai r of def ect s by wel di ng can be accept ed onl y when per mi t t ed
by t he appr opr i at e speci f i c r equi r ement s and pr ovi ded t hat t he agr eement of
t he Sur veyor i s obt ai ned bef or e t he wor k i s commenced. When a r epai r has been
agr eed i t i s necessar y i n al l case t o pr ove by sui t abl e met hods of non-
dest r uct i ve exami nat i on t he t he def ect s have been compl et el y r emoved bef or e
wel di ng i s commenced. Wel di ng pr ocedur e, heat t r eat ment and i nspect i on on
compl et i on of t he r epai r ar e t o be i n accor dance wi t h t he appr opr i at e speci f i c
r equi r ement s and ar e t o be t o t he sat i sf act i on of t he Sur veyor
1. 9. 4. The r epai r of def ect s i s t o be car r i ed out i n t he pr esence of t he
sur veyor , unl ess ot her wi se agr eed.
1.10. Additional tests before rejection
1. 10. 1. Wher e par t of t he r esul t s of any mechani cal t est except i mpact t est
does not conf or m t he r equi r ement s, but t he r emai nder s ar e sat i sf act or y,
addi t i onal t est speci mens t wi ce i n number may be t aken f r om t he same mat er i al
and r et est s f or t he f ai l ed t est may be car r i ed out . I n such case, al l of t he
t est speci mens ar e t o conf or mt o t he r equi r ement s of t he st andar d.
1. 10. 2. Wher e t he r esul t s f r om a set of t hr ee i mpact t est speci mens do not
compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s, an addi t i onal set of t hr ee i mpact t est speci mens
may be t aken f r om t he pr oduct , whi ch has t he f ai l ed speci mens, except t hat
speci f i ed at 1. 10. 2. 1 and 1. 10. 2. 2 bel ow. I n t hi s case, al l pr oduct s f r om t he
same bat chs, f r om whi ch t he t est speci mens have been t aken, may be accept ed,
pr ovi ded t hat aver age absor bed ener gy of si x speci mens, i ncl udi ng f ai l ed
speci mens, not l ess t han r equi r ed mi ni mum aver age absor pt i on ener gy.
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Addi t onal l y, f or t hese combi ned r esul t s, not mor e t han t wo i ndi vi dual val ue
ar e t o be l ess t han r equi r ed aver age val ue and, of t hese, not mor e t han one i s
t o be l ess t han 70 per cent of t hi s aver age val ue.
1. 10. 2. 1. Absor bed ener gi es of al l speci mens ar e l ess t han r equi r ed mi ni mum
aver age val ue.
1. 10. 2. 2. Absor bed ener gi es of t wo speci mens ar e l ess t han 70 per cent of
r equi r ed mi ni mumaver age val ue .
1. 10. 3. I n case of 1. 10. 2. 1 or 1. 10. 2. 2 or wher e t he f i r st pi ece sel ect ed
i n 1. 10. 2 i s r ej ect ed, addi t i onal t est s may be car r i ed out on addi t onal t est
speci mens f r om each of t wo pi eces l ar gest i n t hi ckness sel ect ed f ur t her f r om
t he same l ot . Wher e, i n t hi s case, each set of t est speci mens i s i n compl i ance
wi t h t he r equi r ement s r espect i vel y, t hese pi eces and r emai ni ng pi eces i n t he
same l ot may be accept ed. I f one or bot h of t hese addi t i onal set s of t est s do
not gi ve sat i sf act or y r esul t s, t he pi eces i n t he same l ot ar e t o be r ej ect ed.
1. 10. 4. When t he addi t i onal t est speci mens ar e r ej ect ed, t he pr oduct s, f r om
whi ch t est speci mens ar e t aken, ar e r ej ect ed. However , at t he opt i on of t he
manuf act ur er , t he r emai ni ng pr oduct s i n t he l ot may be t est ed i ndi vi dual l y. I f
t he t est gi ve sat i sf act or y r esul t s, t hi s pr oduct may be accept ed.
1. 10. 5. I f a heat t r eat ed mat er i al f ai l s t o meet t he r equi r ement s i n any
t est , r et est s may be al l owed af t er bei ng heat t r eat ed agai n. I n t hi s cas,
however t he mat er i al i s not t o be consi der ed as havi ng compl i ed wi t h t he
r equi r ement s unl ess al l t est s f ul l y compl y wi t h t he t est r equi r ement s.
1. 10. 6. I f t he per cent age of el ongat i on of any t ensi l e t est speci men i s l ess
t han t hat speci f i ed and any par t of f r act ur e i s out si de t he one- f our t h of t he
gauge l engt h f r om t he cent r e of gauge l engt h, t he t est i s t o be consi der ed as
i nval i d, and an addi t i onal t est f or t he mat er i al f r om whi ch t he f i r st t est
speci men has been t aken may be al l owed.
1.11. Material marking
1. 11. 1. Ever y mat er i al compl yi ng wi t h t he r equi r ement s i s t o be cl ear l y
st amped wi t h VR br and i ncl udi ng t he mar ks deemed appr opr i at e by VR and
mat er i al gr ade mar k, and mar ked wi t h t he f ol l owi ng par t i cul ar s i n at l east on
TCVN 7230:2003
17
posi t i on by t he maker .
1. 11. 1. 1. Name or mar k t o i dent i f y t he maker
1. 11. 1. 2. Number or mar k t o i dent i f y t he pi ece
1. 11. 1. 3. Name, or der number or ot her i dent i f i cat i on mar ks ( i f r equi r ed
by t he pur chaser ) .
1. 11. 2. Mat er i al s whi ch ar e unsui t abl e f or st ampi ng may be mar ked wi t h
br ands, seal s or by ot her sui t abl e means.
1. 11. 3. Mat er i al s whi ch can not be st amped and mar ked i n accor dance wi t h t he
r equi r ement s i n 1. 11. 1 and 1. 11. 2 due t o smal l si ze may be pr oper l y mar ked i n
t he l ump.
TCVN 7230:2003
31
3. Material selection
3.1. General requirements
3. 1. 1. 1. Mat er i al s ar e t o be sel ect ed i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of
t he desi gn i n r espect of st at i c st r engt h, f at i gue st r engt h, f r act ur e
r esi st ance, and cor r osi on r esi st ance as appr opr i at e.
3. 1. 1. 2. Adequat e st at i c st r engt h i s t o be conf i r med by speci f yi ng yi el d
st r ess, t ensi l e st r engt h, r educt i on of ar ea and el ongat i on.
3. 1. 1. 3. Adequat e f at i gue st r engt h i s nor mal l y assur ed i n t he desi gn pr ocess
and by consi der i ng est abl i shed f at i gue dat a f or const r uct i onal det ai l s i n
speci f i ed mat er i al s.
3. 1. 1. 4. The r esi st ance t o f r act ur e i s cont r ol l ed, i n par t , by t he not ch
t oughness of t he st eel i n t he st r uct ur e. St eel s ar e t o be sel ect ed wi t h a
sui t abl e l evel of not ch t oughness. The r equi r ed l evel of not ch t oughness ar e
t o be det er mi ned by f ol l owi ngs:
3. 1. 1. 4. 1 The cl ass of st r uct ur e.
3. 1. 1. 4. 2 Desi gn t emper at ur e.
3. 1. 1. 4. 3 The t hi ckness and yi el d st r engt h of t he mat er i al , and t he st r ess
pat t er n associ at ed wi t h i t s l ocat i on.
3. 1. 1. 5. When pl at e mat er i al i nt ended f or wel ded const r uct i on wi l l be subj ect
t o si gni f i cant st r ai ns i n di r ect i on per pendi cul ar t o t he r ol l ed sur f ace,
mat er i al wi t h speci f i ed t hr ough t hi ckness duct i l i t y ( st eel Z- di r ect i on) i s t o
be used. These st r ai ns ar e usual l y associ at ed wi t h r est r ai nt dur i ng wel di ng,
and wi t h t her mal cont r act i on, t hey may al so associ at ed wi t h l oads appl i ed i n
ser vi ce or dur i ng const r uct i on, l oad- out or i nst al l at i on. Wher e t hese st r ai ns
ar e of suf f i ci ent magni t ude l amel l ar t ear i ng may occur .
3. 1. 1. 6. The ef f ect s of cor r osi on, ei t her f r om t he envi r onment or f r om
pr oduct s handl ed on t he pl at f or mor i t s associ at ed pl ant and machi nar y, ar e t o
TCVN 7230:2003
32
be consi der ed.
3. 1. 1. 7. For t he sol e pur pose of det er mi ni ng mat er i al r equi r ement s, t hr ee
st r uct ur al cat egor i es ar e def i ned as f ol l ows:
3.1.1.7.1 Special. Pr i mar y st r uct ur al el ement s whi ch ar e i n way of cr i t i cal
l oad t r ansf er poi nt s and st r ess concent r at i ons ( e. g. nodes) .
3.1.1.7.2 Primary. St r uct ur al el ement s essent i al t o t he over al l i nt egr i t y of
t he i nst al l at i on ( e. g br aci ng and pi l i ng) .
3.1.1.7.3 Secondary. St r uct ur al el ement s of mi nor i mpor t ance, f ai l ur e of whi ch
woul d be unl i kel y t o af f ect t he over al l i nt egr i t y of t he i nst al l at i on ( e. g.
mi nor conduct or f r ami ng and mi nor deck st r uct ur e. Anci l l ar y i t ems such as
st ai r s, handr ai l s, and wal kways ar e excl uded.
3. 1. 1. 8. The desi gn t emper at ur e f or t he sel ect i on of gr ades of st eel s i s t o
be t he l owest dai l y mean t emper at ur e f or t he pr oposed l ocat i on based on t he 50
year aver age r et ur n per i od. I t i s t o be r ounded t o t he near est 5
o
C bel ow.
3.2. Structural steels for design temperatures 5
o
C and above
3. 2. 1. Scope
3. 2. 1. 1. Thi s sect i on gi ves r equi r ement s f or st r uct ur al st eel s f or
appl i cat i on wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s not l ower t han 5
0
C.
3. 2. 1. 2. The r equi r ement s cover st eel s pl at es, bar s, and sect i ons and al so
cast i ngs and f or gi ngs.
3. 2. 2. 1. The r equi r ed yi el d st r ess, t ensi l e st r engt h, r educt i on ar ea, and
el ongat i on ar e t o be speci f i ed t o meet t he desi gn r equi r ement s.
3. 2. 2. 2. The speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h i s t o be not l ess t han 1, 2
t i mes t he speci f i ed mi ni mum yi el d st r ess. Speci al consi der at i on wi l l be gi ven
by VR t o speci f i cat i on of ot her val ues.
3. 2. 2. 3. Cc yu cu v t h dai va p - c - a r a bng 3. 2. 2- 1 ( a) v
( b) .
TCVN 7230:2003
33

Table 3.2.2-1 - Charpy impact test requirements for design temperatures 5
0
C and
above
(a) Elements categorized as special
Plate
thicknes
s
mm
Specified
minimum yield
stress ,N/mm
2

Charpy impact test requirement
Temperature ,
0
C Energy level , J
15
any 0 27
16- 25
235
- 10 27
236- 355 - 10 34
26- 35
355
- 20 34
36- 60
355
- 40 34
61- 80
355
- 60 34
(b) Elements categorized as Primary
TCVN 7230:2003
34
Plate
thicknes
s
mm
Specified
minimum yield
stress ,N/mm
2

Temperature ,
0
C Energy level , J
15
any 0 27
16- 25
235
0 27
236- 355 0 34
26- 35
235
- 10 27
236- 355 - 10 34
36- 60
355
- 20 34
61- 80
355
- 40 34
3. 2. 2. 4. For t hi ckness or st r engt hs out si de t he r ange cover ed by t abl e
3. 2. 2- 1( a) and ( b) , f ul l det ai l s of t he pr oposed appl i cat i on and mat er i al ar e
t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
3. 2. 2. 5. Mat er i al f or use i n a wel ded const r uct i on whi ch wi l l be post wel d
heat t r eat ed t o r educe ef f ect i vel y t he r esi dual st r esses i s t o show t he ener gy
l evel gi ven i n t abl e 3. 2. 2 - 1 ( a) and ( b) at a t est t emper at ur e of 0
0
C f or
t hi cknesses up t o 25 mm and f or t hi cknesses gr eat er t han 25 mm, t est
t emper at ur es of mi nus 20
0
C f or speci al cat egor y and mi nus 10
0
C f or pr i mar y
cat egor y.
0
C and below
3. 3. 1. Scope
TCVN 7230:2003
35
appl i cat i on wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s 0
0
C or l ower
3. 3. 2. 1. The yi el d st r ess, t ensi l e st r engt h and el ongat i on ar e t o be
speci f i ed. The speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h i s t o be not l ower t han1, 2
t he speci f i ed mi ni mum yi el d st r engt h. For mat er i al s wi t h a speci f i ed mi ni mum
yi el d st r engt h not above 355 N/ mm
2
t he speci f i ed mi ni mum el ongat i on i s t o be
not l ower t han 20 per cent measur ed on a gauge l engt h of 5, 65 So, So i s cr oss
sect i on ar ea of t he t est speci men.
3. 3. 2. 2. For f abr i cat i ons whi ch ent er ser vi ce i n t he as wel ded condi t i on, t he
f ol l owi ng r equi r ement s ar e t o appl y:
3. 3. 2. 2. 1 For el ement s i n t he cat egor y special t he t est t emper at ur e i s t o be
der i ved f r om t he desi gn t emper at ur e and t he mat er i al t hi ckness by t he use of
f i g. 3. 3. 2- 1. For cases wher e t hi s f i gur e r equi r es char py i mpact t est i ng at
0
C and bel ow, consi der at i on wi l l be gi ven t o
al t er nat i ve pr oposal s whi ch ar e suppor t ed by dat a f r om agr eed al t er nat i ve
f r act ur e t oughness t est s, e. g. Cr ack Ti p Openi ng Di spl acement ( C. T. O. D) , Dr op
Wei ght Tr ansi t i on ( D. W. T. ) on r el event heat af f ect ed zones of i mpor t ant wel ds
i n t he const r uct i on.
3. 3. 2. 2. 2 For el ement s cl assi f i ed as Primary t he t est t emper at ur e i s t o be
0
i n t he const r uct i on
TCVN 7230:2003
36
PWHT
-30
-40
40
10
20 30
-80
50
60 70
-10
-20
-10
-40
-20
-60
80
Chiu dy, mm
N
h
i

t
h
i
t

k
C
0

Fig. 3.3.2-1 Temperature of charpy impact test for special structure
Not e: - PWHT - Post Wel d Heat t r eat ment
10
20
30
40
Chiu dy, mm
50
60
70
80
N
h
i

t
h
i
t

k
C
-40
-30
-20
-10
-10
-20
-40 -60
-80
PWHT
0

Fig. 3.3.2-2: Temperature of charpy impact test for Primary structure
3.3.2.2.3 For mat er i al s i n t he cat egor y Secondary t he t est t emper at ur e i s t o
be der i ved f r om t he desi gn t emper at ur e and t he mat er i al t hi ckness by t he use
of Fi g. 3. 3. 2- 3. Char py i mpact t est s ar e not r equi r ed f or mat er i al s f or
el ement s i n t he cat egor y Secondary wi t h t hi cknesses of 10 mm oe l ess and
desi gn t emper at ur es above mi nus 10
0
C.
TCVN 7230:2003
37
As t he heat af f ect ed zone wi l l usual l y show l ower pr oper t i es t han t he unwel ded
pl at e, t he r equi r ement s f or t he heat af f ect ed zone wi l l usual l y be t he
det er mi ni ng f act or i n mat er i al sel ect i on.
Khng
yu
cu
-10
-20
-40
-60
-10
-20
-40
-30
N
h
i

t
h
i
t

k
C
10
20
30
40
Chiu dy, mm

Fig. 3.3.2-3 - Temperature of charpy impact test for Secondary structure
3. 3. 2. 3. For mat er i al s whi ch ar e not t o be wel ded i n const r uct i on and f or
whi ch t her e i s no possi bi l i t y of wel di ng bei ng car r i ed out as a r epai r
pr ocedur e, and f or whi ch wi l l be subj ect ed t o a post wel d heat t r eament ,
Char py i mpact t est t emper at ur es ar e t o be di r i ved f r pm t he desi gn t emper at ur e
and t he mat er i al t hi ckness i n accor dance wi t h t abl e 3. 3. 2- 1.
Table 3.3.2-1 - Charpy impact test temperatures for post weld heat treated
structural
components for design temperatures of 0
0
C and lower
Thi ckness, mm Char py i mpact t est Temper at ur e
r el at ed t o Desi gn Temper at ur e,
o
C
Up t o 25 Test t emper at ur e = Desi gn
Temper at ur e
TCVN 7230:2003
38
26 - 100 Speci al Test t emper at ur e = Desi gn
Temper at ur e - 20
0
c
Pr i mar y Test t emper at ur e = Desi gn
Temper at ur e - 10
0
c
3. 3. 2. 4. Mi ni mumener gy absor pt i on i n t he Char py t est i s t o be r el at ed t o t he
mi ni mumspeci f i ed yi el d st r engt h of t he mat er i al accor di ng t o t abl e 3. 3. 2- 2
Table 3.3.2-2 Charpy impact energy requirements for structural components for
design temperatures 0
o
C and lower
Specified minimum yield stress,
N/mm
2

Minimum required energy
absorption, J
215
21
235
27
315
31
345
34
415
41
For mat er i al s of speci f i ed mi ni mum yi el d st r ess above 415 N/ mm
2
, t he mi ni mum
ener gy absor pt i on i n J oul es i s t o be one t ent h of t he speci f i ed mi ni mum yi el d
st r engt h i n N/ mm
2

TCVN 7230:2003
31
3. Material selection
3. 1. 1. 1. Mat er i al s ar e t o be sel ect ed i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of
t he desi gn i n r espect of st at i c st r engt h, f at i gue st r engt h, f r act ur e
r esi st ance, and cor r osi on r esi st ance as appr opr i at e.
3. 1. 1. 2. Adequat e st at i c st r engt h i s t o be conf i r med by speci f yi ng yi el d
st r ess, t ensi l e st r engt h, r educt i on of ar ea and el ongat i on.
3. 1. 1. 3. Adequat e f at i gue st r engt h i s nor mal l y assur ed i n t he desi gn pr ocess
and by consi der i ng est abl i shed f at i gue dat a f or const r uct i onal det ai l s i n
speci f i ed mat er i al s.
3. 1. 1. 4. The r esi st ance t o f r act ur e i s cont r ol l ed, i n par t , by t he not ch
t oughness of t he st eel i n t he st r uct ur e. St eel s ar e t o be sel ect ed wi t h a
sui t abl e l evel of not ch t oughness. The r equi r ed l evel of not ch t oughness ar e
t o be det er mi ned by f ol l owi ngs:
3. 1. 1. 4. 1 The cl ass of st r uct ur e.
3. 1. 1. 4. 2 Desi gn t emper at ur e.
3. 1. 1. 4. 3 The t hi ckness and yi el d st r engt h of t he mat er i al , and t he st r ess
pat t er n associ at ed wi t h i t s l ocat i on.
3. 1. 1. 5. When pl at e mat er i al i nt ended f or wel ded const r uct i on wi l l be subj ect
t o si gni f i cant st r ai ns i n di r ect i on per pendi cul ar t o t he r ol l ed sur f ace,
mat er i al wi t h speci f i ed t hr ough t hi ckness duct i l i t y ( st eel Z- di r ect i on) i s t o
be used. These st r ai ns ar e usual l y associ at ed wi t h r est r ai nt dur i ng wel di ng,
and wi t h t her mal cont r act i on, t hey may al so associ at ed wi t h l oads appl i ed i n
ser vi ce or dur i ng const r uct i on, l oad- out or i nst al l at i on. Wher e t hese st r ai ns
ar e of suf f i ci ent magni t ude l amel l ar t ear i ng may occur .
3. 1. 1. 6. The ef f ect s of cor r osi on, ei t her f r om t he envi r onment or f r om
pr oduct s handl ed on t he pl at f or mor i t s associ at ed pl ant and machi nar y, ar e t o
TCVN 7230:2003
32
be consi der ed.
3. 1. 1. 7. For t he sol e pur pose of det er mi ni ng mat er i al r equi r ement s, t hr ee
st r uct ur al cat egor i es ar e def i ned as f ol l ows:
3.1.1.7.1 Special. Pr i mar y st r uct ur al el ement s whi ch ar e i n way of cr i t i cal
l oad t r ansf er poi nt s and st r ess concent r at i ons ( e. g. nodes) .
3.1.1.7.2 Primary. St r uct ur al el ement s essent i al t o t he over al l i nt egr i t y of
t he i nst al l at i on ( e. g br aci ng and pi l i ng) .
3.1.1.7.3 Secondary. St r uct ur al el ement s of mi nor i mpor t ance, f ai l ur e of whi ch
woul d be unl i kel y t o af f ect t he over al l i nt egr i t y of t he i nst al l at i on ( e. g.
mi nor conduct or f r ami ng and mi nor deck st r uct ur e. Anci l l ar y i t ems such as
st ai r s, handr ai l s, and wal kways ar e excl uded.
3. 1. 1. 8. The desi gn t emper at ur e f or t he sel ect i on of gr ades of st eel s i s t o
be t he l owest dai l y mean t emper at ur e f or t he pr oposed l ocat i on based on t he 50
year aver age r et ur n per i od. I t i s t o be r ounded t o t he near est 5
o
C bel ow.
o
C and above
3. 2. 1. Scope
appl i cat i on wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s not l ower t han 5
0
C.
3. 2. 2. 1. The r equi r ed yi el d st r ess, t ensi l e st r engt h, r educt i on ar ea, and
el ongat i on ar e t o be speci f i ed t o meet t he desi gn r equi r ement s.
3. 2. 2. 2. The speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h i s t o be not l ess t han 1, 2
t i mes t he speci f i ed mi ni mum yi el d st r ess. Speci al consi der at i on wi l l be gi ven
by VR t o speci f i cat i on of ot her val ues.
3. 2. 2. 3. Cc yu cu v t h dai va p - c - a r a bng 3. 2. 2- 1 ( a) v
( b) .
TCVN 7230:2003
33

Table 3.2.2-1 - Charpy impact test requirements for design temperatures 5
0
C and
above
(a) Elements categorized as special
Plate
thicknes
s
mm
Specified
minimum yield
stress ,N/mm
2

Temperature ,
0
C Energy level , J
15
any 0 27
16- 25
235
- 10 27
236- 355 - 10 34
26- 35
355
- 20 34
36- 60
355
- 40 34
61- 80
355
- 60 34
(b) Elements categorized as Primary
TCVN 7230:2003
34
Plate
thicknes
s
mm
Specified
minimum yield
stress ,N/mm
2

Temperature ,
0
C Energy level , J
15
any 0 27
16- 25
235
0 27
236- 355 0 34
26- 35
235
- 10 27
236- 355 - 10 34
36- 60
355
- 20 34
61- 80
355
- 40 34
3. 2. 2. 4. For t hi ckness or st r engt hs out si de t he r ange cover ed by t abl e
3. 2. 2- 1( a) and ( b) , f ul l det ai l s of t he pr oposed appl i cat i on and mat er i al ar e
3. 2. 2. 5. Mat er i al f or use i n a wel ded const r uct i on whi ch wi l l be post wel d
heat t r eat ed t o r educe ef f ect i vel y t he r esi dual st r esses i s t o show t he ener gy
l evel gi ven i n t abl e 3. 2. 2 - 1 ( a) and ( b) at a t est t emper at ur e of 0
0
C f or
t hi cknesses up t o 25 mm and f or t hi cknesses gr eat er t han 25 mm, t est
0
C f or speci al cat egor y and mi nus 10
0
C f or pr i mar y
cat egor y.
0
C and below
3. 3. 1. Scope
TCVN 7230:2003
35
appl i cat i on wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s 0
0
C or l ower
3. 3. 2. 1. The yi el d st r ess, t ensi l e st r engt h and el ongat i on ar e t o be
speci f i ed. The speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h i s t o be not l ower t han1, 2
t he speci f i ed mi ni mum yi el d st r engt h. For mat er i al s wi t h a speci f i ed mi ni mum
yi el d st r engt h not above 355 N/ mm
2
t he speci f i ed mi ni mum el ongat i on i s t o be
not l ower t han 20 per cent measur ed on a gauge l engt h of 5, 65 So, So i s cr oss
sect i on ar ea of t he t est speci men.
3. 3. 2. 2. For f abr i cat i ons whi ch ent er ser vi ce i n t he as wel ded condi t i on, t he
f ol l owi ng r equi r ement s ar e t o appl y:
3. 3. 2. 2. 1 For el ement s i n t he cat egor y special t he t est t emper at ur e i s t o be
0
i n t he const r uct i on.
3. 3. 2. 2. 2 For el ement s cl assi f i ed as Primary t he t est t emper at ur e i s t o be
0
i n t he const r uct i on
TCVN 7230:2003
36
PWHT
-30
-40
40
10
20 30
-80
50
60 70
-10
-20
-10
-40
-20
-60
80
Chiu dy, mm
N
h
i

t
h
i
t

k
C
0

Fig. 3.3.2-1 Temperature of charpy impact test for special structure
10
20
30
40
Chiu dy, mm
50
60
70
80
N
h
i

t
h
i
t

k
C
-40
-30
-20
-10
-10
-20
-40 -60
-80
PWHT
0

Fig. 3.3.2-2: Temperature of charpy impact test for Primary structure
3.3.2.2.3 For mat er i al s i n t he cat egor y Secondary t he t est t emper at ur e i s t o
be der i ved f r om t he desi gn t emper at ur e and t he mat er i al t hi ckness by t he use
of Fi g. 3. 3. 2- 3. Char py i mpact t est s ar e not r equi r ed f or mat er i al s f or
el ement s i n t he cat egor y Secondary wi t h t hi cknesses of 10 mm oe l ess and
desi gn t emper at ur es above mi nus 10
0
C.
TCVN 7230:2003
37
As t he heat af f ect ed zone wi l l usual l y show l ower pr oper t i es t han t he unwel ded
pl at e, t he r equi r ement s f or t he heat af f ect ed zone wi l l usual l y be t he
det er mi ni ng f act or i n mat er i al sel ect i on.
Khng
yu
cu
-10
-20
-40
-60
-10
-20
-40
-30
N
h
i

t
h
i
t

k
C
10
20
30
40
Chiu dy, mm

Fig. 3.3.2-3 - Temperature of charpy impact test for Secondary structure
3. 3. 2. 3. For mat er i al s whi ch ar e not t o be wel ded i n const r uct i on and f or
whi ch t her e i s no possi bi l i t y of wel di ng bei ng car r i ed out as a r epai r
pr ocedur e, and f or whi ch wi l l be subj ect ed t o a post wel d heat t r eament ,
Char py i mpact t est t emper at ur es ar e t o be di r i ved f r pm t he desi gn t emper at ur e
and t he mat er i al t hi ckness i n accor dance wi t h t abl e 3. 3. 2- 1.
Table 3.3.2-1 - Charpy impact test temperatures for post weld heat treated
structural
components for design temperatures of 0
0
C and lower
Thi ckness, mm Char py i mpact t est Temper at ur e
r el at ed t o Desi gn Temper at ur e,
o
C
Up t o 25 Test t emper at ur e = Desi gn
Temper at ur e
TCVN 7230:2003
38
26 - 100 Speci al Test t emper at ur e = Desi gn
Temper at ur e - 20
0
c
Pr i mar y Test t emper at ur e = Desi gn
Temper at ur e - 10
0
c
3. 3. 2. 4. Mi ni mumener gy absor pt i on i n t he Char py t est i s t o be r el at ed t o t he
mi ni mumspeci f i ed yi el d st r engt h of t he mat er i al accor di ng t o t abl e 3. 3. 2- 2
Table 3.3.2-2 Charpy impact energy requirements for structural components for
design temperatures 0
o
C and lower
Specified minimum yield stress,
N/mm
2

Minimum required energy
absorption, J
215
21
235
27
315
31
345
34
415
41
For mat er i al s of speci f i ed mi ni mum yi el d st r ess above 415 N/ mm
2
, t he mi ni mum
ener gy absor pt i on i n J oul es i s t o be one t ent h of t he speci f i ed mi ni mum yi el d
st r engt h i n N/ mm
2

39
4. Rolled steel materials
4.1. General requirements.
4.1.1. Application
4.1.1. 1. This section gives the general requirements for hot
rolledplates, strip and sections intended for use in the
construction of fixed offshore installations, and associated
machinary, boiler and pressure vessels.
4.1.1. 2. Steels having characteristics other than those specified in
this section are to comply with the requirements specified in 1.1.3.
4.1.2. Manufacture
4.1.2. 1. Rolled steel materials are to be manufactured and tested in
accordance with the requirements of chapter 1 and chapter 2.
4.1.3. Quality of materials
4.1.3. 1. Rolled steel materials are to be reasonable free from
lamination, segregation and non-metallic inclusions.
4.1.3. 2. Surface and internal defects not prejudicial to the proper
application of the steel are not to be grounds for rejection. Where
necessary, suitable methods of non-destructive examination may be
used for the detection of harmful surface and internal defects. The
extent of this examination, together with appropriate acceptance
standards, are to be agreed between the purchaser, steelmaker and
VR.
4.1.4. Dimentional tolerances.
4.1.4. 1. For materials intended for structural purposes as detailed
in 4.2 and 4.3, the minus tolerance in the thickness of plates,
strip and wide flats is not to exceed that shownn in table 4.1.4-1.
Table 4.1.4-1
Nominal thickness, t, mm Tolerance. mm
40
t 15
0,4
15<t 45
0,02t + 0,1
t> 45 1,0
Note: the minus tolerance on sections ( except for wide flats) is to
be in accordance with the VR requirements.
4.1.4. 2. For materials intended for applications as detailed in
section 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6, no minus tolerance is permitted in thhe
thickness of plates and strip. The minus tolerance on section is to
be in accordance with the VR requirements.
4.1.4. 3. The thickness of plates and strip is to be measured at
positions which are approximately 40 mm from the edge and 100 mm
from a corner.
4.1.5. Deoxidation practice and heat treatment
4.1.5. 1. The method of deoxidation and heat treatment are to comply
with the requirements given in table 4.1.5-1.
Table 4.1.5-1: Deoxidation practice and heat treatment
Specified
impact test
temperature,
0
C
Thickn
ess ,
mm
Deoxidation Heat treatment
None or room
temperature
All Any except rimmed steel Any
Down to 0
0
c All Any except rimmed steel Any
Down to -10
0
c
25
semi-killed or killed Any
41
25
semi-killed or killed Normalized, controlled
rolled
Below -10
0
c All Fully killed & fine grain
treated
Normalized, controled
rolled or
thermomechanically
controlled processed
4.1.5. 2. Where it is proposed to use a thermo-mechanically
controlled process (TMCP) or the option of controlled rolling as an
alternative to normalizing, full details are to be sumitted for
approval. Approval may be limited to specific type, grade and
thickness of products.
4.1.5. 3. Where a T.M.C.P. plates is to be subjected to subsequent
hot forming, or it is intended to carry out any form of heat
treattment, it will be necessary to demonstrate by procedures tests
that the forming and heat treatment procedure does not result in any
reduction of the mechanical properties below minimum requirements.
4.1.6. Rectification of defects
4.1.6. 1. The surface defects may be removed by local grinding,
provided that the thickness is in no place reduced to less than 93%
of the norminal thickness, but in no case by more than 3 mm. Such
local grindings are to be carried out in the presence of the
Surveyor unless otherwise approved by VR. Surveyor may request that
complete removal of the defect is proven by suitable non-destructive
examination of the affected area.
4.1.6. 2. Surface defectswhich can not dealt with as above may be
repaired by chipping or grinding followed by welding, subject to the
approval by VR, in the presence of the Surveyor according to the
following unless otherwise approved by:
4.1.6.2.1 After removal of the defect and before welding, the
thickness of item is in no place reduced by more than 20%.
4.1.6.2.2 Elimination of the defect is proven by suitable non-
destructive examination of the affected area.
42
4.1.6.2.3 Welding is carried out by an approved procedure and by
competent operator using approved electrodes and the repaired area
is ground smooth to the correct nominal thickness.
4.1.6.2.4 When requested by the Surveyor, the item is normalized
or otherwise suitably heat treated after welding and grinding
4.1.6.2.5 At the discretion of the Surveyyor, the repaired area
is proven free from defects by suitable non-destructive
examination.
4.1.6. 3. For plates which have been produced by T.M.C.P, repair by
welding will be approved only after procedure tests have shown that
the mechanical properties have not been impaired.
4.1.7. Selection of test samples
4.1.7. 1. The test samples are to be taken from the following
portions according to the requirements below:
4.1.7.1.1 For plates and flats greater than 400 mm wide, at
approximately one-quarter of the width from an edge (Fig. 4.1.7-1)

Fig. 4.1.7-1
4.1.7.1.2 For flats 400 mm or less in width, bulb flats and
other solid sections, at approximately one-third of the width from
an edge (1/6 for I beam). Alternativelly, in the case of channels,
beam or bulb angles, at approximately 1/4 of the width from the
centreline of the web (Fig. 4.1.7-2)
43
L/3
L
L/3
L
h
/
4
h
L/6
L
h
/
4
h
h
/
4
h

Fig. 4.1.7-2
4.1.7.1.3 For rectangular hollow sections, at approximately the
centre of any side.(Fig. 4.1.7-3)

Fig. 4.1.7-3
4.1.7.1.4 Bars: The test samples are to be taken so the axis of
the each test specimen may lie as near as possible to the portion
specified in (a) and (b) below:
(a) For non-circular section, at approximately 1/6 of the larrgest
distance from the outside.
(b) For circular sections, at approximately 1/3 of the radius from
the outside (Fig. 4.1.7-4)
44

Fig. 4.1.7-4
4.1.7.1.5 This rule, however, does not apply when, because
dimensions of cross-section are insufficient for the standard test
specimen.
4.1.7. 2. In no case test specimen are to be heat treated separately
from the product.
4.1.7. 3. Tensile test specimens are to be taken according to
requirements below:
4.1.7.3.1 One test specimen is to be taken from one test sample.
4.1.7.3.2 The test specimens are to be taken with their
longitudinal axis normal to the final direction of rolling. For
shapes, bars and flat bars not exceeding 600 mm in width or when
specially approved by VR, however, they are to be taken with their
longitudinal axis parallel to the final direction of rolling.
4.1.7.3.3 Flat test specimens of full product thickness are,
generally, to be used. Round test specimens may be used when the
product (except bar) thickness exceeds 40 mm or for bars. When
round test specimens are taken from any steel except bars, they
are to be taken at a prtion approximately 1/4 of the thickness
from the surface.
4.1.7. 4. Impact test specimens are to be taken according to
following requirements:
4.1.7.4.1 A set of test specimens are to be taken from one test
sample (3 test specimens)
4.1.7.4.2 The test specimens are to be taken with their
longitudinal axis parallel (L direction) to the final direction of
45
rolling. When deemed necessary by VR, however, they are to be
taken with their longitudinal axis normal (T direction) to the
final direction of rolling.
4.1.7.4.3 When the product thickness does not exceed 40 mm, the
test specimens are to be cut with their edge within 2 mm from the
as rolled surface.
4.1.7.4.4 When the product thickness exceed 40 mm, the test
specimens are to be taken at a portion where the axis of the test
specimen corresponds to approximately 1/4 of the thickness (1/6 of
the diameter for bars) from the surface.
4.1.8. Material marking
4.1.8. 1. Materials complying with the test requirements are to be
stamped as specified requirement in 1.11.
4.2. Rolled steels for structural applications
4.2.1. Application
4.2.1. 1. The requirements of this section are intended to apply to
rolled steels not exceeding 100 mm in thickness or to exceed a
minimum specified yield strength of 415 N/mm
2
for construction of
structurel members of fixed offshore platform.
4.2.1. 2. The application of greater thickness or higher strengths
materials is to be approved by VR.
4.2.1. 3. Steels having characteristics other than those specified in
4.2 are to comply with the requirements in 1.1 .3.
4.2.2. Steels clasification
4.2.2. 1. Steel groups: Structural steel may be grouped according to
strength level and welding characteristcs (3 groups) as follows:
4.2.2.1.1 Normal strenght steel (NS - Normal strength): NS
steels designates mild steels with specified minimum yield
strengths of 280 N/mm
2
(40 KSi) or less. Carbon equivalent is
generally 0,40% or less. NS steels include mild steels grade A, B,
D, E and may be welded by any of welding processes.
46
4.2.2.1.2 High strength steels (HS - Higher strength): HS steels
designates intermediate strength steels with specified minimum
yield strengths of over 280 N/mm
2
(40 KSi) through 360 N/mm
2
(52
KSi). Carbon equivalent ranges of up 0.45 %. These steels require
the use of low hydrogen welding processes. HS steels include
steels grade A27, D27, E27, A32, D32, E32, A36, D36, E36, A40, D40
and E40.
4.2.2.1.3 Extra high strength steels (EHS - Extra high
strength): EHS steels designates high strength steels with
specified minimum yield strengths in excess of 360 N/mm
2
(52 KSi).
Carbon equivalent ranges of up 0.45 %. These steels require the
use of low hydrogen welding processes.Such steels may be used
provided that each application in investigated with regard to:
Weldability and special welding procedures, which may be required,
Fatigue problems which may result from the use of higher working
stresses, and Notch toughness in relation to other elements of
fracture control, such as fabrication, inspection procedures,
service stress and temperature environment. EHS steels include
steels grade D42, E42, D46, E46, D50 and E50.
Carbon equivalent (C
eq
) =
5 15 20
V Mo Cr Cu Ni Mn
C

4.2.2. 2. Steel classes: Consideration should be given for the
selection of steels with notch toughness characteristics suitable
for the condition of service. For this purpose, steel may be
classified as follows (3 classes):
4.2.2.2.1 Class 1 : Steels class 1 include steels grade E,
E27, E32, E36, E40, E42, E46, E50 and are suitable for use of
primary structure at subfreezing temperatures and for special
structure. Impact testing temperature of Steels class 1 is to be
at -40
o
C.
4.2.2.2.2 Class 2 : Steels class 2 include steels grade D,
D27, D32, D36, D40, D42, D46, D50 and are suitable for use where
thickness, cold work, restrain, stress concentration, impact
loading, and/or lack of redundancy indicate the need for improved
notch toughness. Impact testing temperature of Steels class 2 is
to be at -20
o
C.
47
4.2.2.2.3 Class 3: Steels class 3 include steels grade A, B,
A27, A32, A36, A40 and are suitable for application in welded
structures at service temperatures above freezing, but for which
impact tests are not specified. Such steels are applicable to
primary structural members involving limited thickness, moderate
forming, low restraint, modest stress concentration, quasi-static
loading and structural redundancy such that an isolated fracture
would not be catastrophic.
4.2.3. Chemical composition
4.2.3. 1. Structural normal strength steels (NS)
4.2.3.1.1 Chemical composition and deoxidation method of NS
steels of normal weldability are to be complied with the
requirements specified in table 4.2.3-1.
Table 4.2.3-1 : Chemical composition and deoxidation method
Steels grade A B D E
Deoxidation method Any method
except
rimmed
steels
Any method
except
rimmed
steels
For t 25 mm
killed
For t>25 mm
killed and fine
grain treated
Killed and
fine grain
treated
Chemical
composition (ladle
analysis):
C max. (%)
Si (%)
Mn min (%)
C+Mn/6 max. (%)
P max (%)

0,21
< 0,5
2,5 x C
0,40
0,040

0,21
< 0,35
0,60
0,40
0,040

0,21
0,10 < Si <
0,35
0,60
0,40
0,040

0,18
0,10 < Si <
0,35
0,70
0,40
0,040
48
S max (%)
Al acid soluble
min. (%)
0,040
-
0,040
-
0,040
0,015
0,040
0,015
4.2.3.1.2 Chemical composition and deoxidation method of NS
steels of improved weldability are to be complied with the
Steels grade BW DW EW
Deoxidation
method
Killed and fine grain treated
Chemical
composition
(ladle
analysis):
C. max. (%) : 0,12
Si (%): 0,10 - 0,50
Mn (%): 0,60 - 1,40
P max (%): 0,015
S max (%): 0,008
Cu max(%):0,35
Cr max(%):0,20
Ni max(%):0,40
Mo max(%): 0,08
Al acid soluble max(%): 0,055
Al total max(%): 0,06
Nb max(%): 0,03
V max(%): 0,06
Ti max(%): 0,05
49
Steels grade BW DW EW
N max(%): 0,009
Sn max(%): 0,020
Sb max(%): 0,01
Pb max(%): 0,005
As max(%): 0,02
Bi max(%): 0,005
B max(%): 0,0005
P
cm
max(%): 0,22
(1)
Note: (1): P
cm
= C+ Si/30 + (Mn+Cu+Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 +
V/10 + 5B
4.2.3. 2. Structural high strength steels (HS)
4.2.3.2.1 Chemical composition and deoxidation method of HS
Steels grade A27, D27,
E27
A32,D32,E3
2
A36,D36,E36 A40, D40,E40
Deoxidation method Killed and fine grain treated
50
Chemical
composition (ladle
analysis):
C max. (%)
Si (%)
Mn (%)
P max (%)
S max (%)
Cu max(%):
Cr max(%):
Ni max(%)
Mo max(%)
Al acid soluble
(%):
Al total (%)
Nb (%)
V (%):
Ti max(%):

0,18
0,1- 0,5
0,9 - 1,6
0,040
0,040
0,35
0,20
0,40
0,08
0,015-0,08
0,020-0,085
0,02 - 0,05
0,05-0,10
0,02
4.2.3.2.2 Chemical composition and deoxidation method of HS
Steels grade AW27, DW27, EW27 AW32,DW32,EW32 AW36,DW36,EW36
Deoxidation
method
Chemical
composition
(ladle analysis):

C. max. (%) : 0,12
Si (%): 0,10 - 0,50
Mn (%): 0,60 - 1,40
P max (%): 0,015
S max (%): 0,008
Cu max(%):0,35
Cr max(%):0,20
51

Ni max(%):0,40
Mo max(%): 0,08
Nb max(%): 0,03
V max(%): 0,06
Ti max(%): 0,05
N max(%): 0,009
Sn max(%): 0,020
Sb max(%): 0,01
Pb max(%): 0,005
As max(%): 0,02
Bi max(%): 0,005
B max(%): 0,0005
P
cm
max(%): 0,22
(1)
Note: (1)- P
cm
= C+Si/30+(Mn+Cu+Cr)/20+Ni/60+Mo/15+V/10+5B
4.2.3. 3. Structural extra high strength steels (EHS)
4.2.3.3.1 Chemical composition and deoxidation method of EHS

Steels grade D42, E42 D46, E46 D50 , E50
Deoxidation method Killed and fine grain treated
52
Chemical
composition (ladle
analysis):
C max. (%)
Si (%)
Mn max (%)
P max (%)
S max (%)
B max(%):
N max(%):
Al acid soluble
(%):
Al total (%)
Nb (%)
V (%):
Ti max(%):

0,18
0,1- 0,6
1,70
0,025
0,020
0,005
0,020
0,015-0,08
0,020-0,085
0,02 - 0,05
0,04-0,10
0,05
4.2.3.3.2 Chemical composition and deoxidation method of EHS
requirements specified in table 4.2.3-6
Steels grade DW42, EW42 DW46, EW46 DW50 , EW50
Deoxidation
method
Chemical
composition
(ladle analysis):
C. max. (%) : 0,12
Si (%): 0,10 - 0,50
Mn (%): 0,90 - 1,60
53

P max (%): 0,015
S max (%): 0,008
Cu max(%):0,40
Cr max(%):0,25
Ni max(%):1,00
Mo max(%): 0,25
Nb max(%): 0,03
V max(%): 0,06
Ti max(%): 0,05
N max(%): 0,009
Sn max(%): 0,020
Sb max(%): 0,01
Pb max(%): 0,005
As max(%): 0,02
Bi max(%): 0,005
B max(%): 0,0005
P
cm
max(%): 0,22
(1)

Note: (1)- P
cm
= C+Si/30+(Mn+Cu+Cr)/20+Ni/60+Mo/15+V/10+5B
4.2.4. Mechanical tests
4.2.4. 1. The term piece is to mean the rolled product from a
single slab or billet, or from a single ingot if this is rolled
directly into plate, strip, sections or bar. A batch consists of
50 tonnes or less of product from the same cast, heat treatment and
condition of supply.
4.2.4. 2. For each batch presented one tensile test is to be made
from one piece. Additional tests are to be made for every variation
of 10 mm in thickness or diameter of products from the same cast.
54
4.2.4. 3. Charpy V-notch impact tests are to be carried out in
accordance with the following requirements:
4.2.4.3.1 Where the material specification does not include any
other requirements for impact tests, random check tests are to be
selected by the Surveyor and are expected to show a value of at
least 27 J at room temperature.
4.2.4.3.2 Where the specified impact test temperature is not
lower than minus 20
0
C one set of three specimens is to be made
from the thickest piece in each batch.
4.2.4.3.3 Where the specified impact test temperature is lower
than minus 20
0
C one set of three specimens is to be made from each
piece. For sections, strip or bars one set of three specimens is
to be made from each 25 tonnes of rolled products.
4.2.4.3.4 Test specimens are normally to be taken transverse to
the pricipal direction of rolling. For certain plate production
route which are known to give higher impact strengths in
transverse direction than in longitudinal direction, test
specimens are to be taken in both the longitudinal and transverse
directions. In all case, specimens are to be notched perpendicular
to the plate surface.
4.2.4. 4. Mechanical properties of structural steels is to be
complied with the requirements specified in table 4.2.4-1

Table 4.5.4-1: Mechanical properties of structural steels
Stee Tensi Yield Elo Impact test, Charpy-V notch Min
55
ls
grad
e
le
stren
gth
N/mm
2

strength,
N/mm
2
nga
tio
n,%
Test
temp
erat
ure,
o
C
Min average
energy , J
Min. single
value, J
average
through
-
thickne
ss
ductili
ty, %
A 400-
490
235 Min. 22
Min
- - - -
B 0 27
Longitudina
l
20
Transverse
19
Longitudina
l
14
Transverse
-
D -20
E -40
BW 400-
490
t25 mm: 235
Min
25< t50: 215
Min
50< t75: 200
Min
75< t100: 215
Min
22
Min
0 40
Transverse
28
Transverse
35
DW -20
EW -40
A27
D27
E27
400-
530
265 22 0 27
Longitudina
l
20
Transverse
19
Longitudina
l
14
Transverse
-
-20
-40
A32,
D32,
E32
440-
590
315 22 0 31
Longitudina
l
22
Transverse
22
Longitudina
l
15
Transverse
-
-20
-40
A36, 490- 355 21 0 34 24 -
56
D36,
E36
620
-20
Longitudina
l
24
Transverse
Longitudina
l
17
Transverse
-40
A40,
D40
E40
530-
650
390 20 0 39
Longitudina
l
26
Transverse
27
Longitudina
l
18
Transverse
-
-20
-40
AW27
DW27
EW27
400-
530
t25 mm: 265
Min
25< t50: 245
Min
50< t75: 230
Min
75< t100: 220
Min
22 0 40
Transverse
28
Transverse
35
-20
-40
AW32
,
DW32
,
EW32
440-
590
t25 mm: 315
Min
25< t50: 295
Min
50< t75: 280
Min
75< t100: 270
Min
22 0 44
Transverse
31
Transverse
-20
-40
AW36
,
DW36
,
EW36
490-
620
t25 mm: 355
Min
25< t50: 335
Min
50< t75: 320
Min
75< t100: 310
Min
21 0 47
Transverse
33
Transverse
-20
-40
57
D42
E42
530-
680
420 18 -20 40
Longitudina
l
27
Transverse
28
Longitudina
l
18
Transverse
-
-40
D46
E46
570-
720
460 17 -20 -
-40
D50
E50
610-
770
500 16 -20 -
-40
DW42
EW42
530-
680
t50: 420 Min
50< t75: 400
Min
75< t100: 380
Min
18 -20 50
Transverse
36
Transverse
35
-40
DW46
EW46
570-
720
t50: 460 Min
50< t75: 440
Min
75< t100: 420
Min
17 -20
-40
DW50
EW50
610-
770
t50: 500 Min
50< t75: 480
Min
75< t100: 460
Min
16 -20
-40
4.2.5. Additional tests before rejection
4.2.5. 1. Additional tests before rejection is to be carried out in
compliance with the requirements in 1.10
4.2.6. Dimensional tolerance
4.2.6. 1. Dimensional tolerance of the materials is to be complied
with the requirements in 4.1.4-1 and 4.1.4-3.
58
stamped as specified requirement in 1.11.
4.2.8. Additional requirements
4.2.8. 1. In addition to the above requirements, the selection of the
structural rolled steels may be carried out in accordance with the
requirements in suplementary A.
4.3. Rolled steels for machinery structures
4.3.1. General
4.3.1. 1. Steels plates, strip, sections or bars intended for the use
in the construction, of welded machinery structures are to comply
with the one of the following alternatives:
4.3.1.1.1 Any grade of normal strength structural (NS) steel as
detailed in 4.2.
4.3.1.1.2 Any grade of high strength structural (HS) steel as
detailed in 4.2.
4.3.1.1.3 Any grade of carbon or carbon-manganese boiler or
pressure vessel steel as detailed in 4.4.
4.4. Rolled steels for boiler and pressure vessels
4.4.1. Application
4.4.1. 1. Provision is made in this section for carbon, carbon-
manganese and alloy steels intended for use in the construction of
boiler and pressure vessels.
4.4.1. 2. Carbon and carbon-manganese steels with the specufied
minimum tensile strength of greater than 490 N/mm
2
but not exceeding
520 N/mm
2
may be accepted, provided that details of the proposed
specification are submitted to VR for approval.
4.4.1. 3. Where it is proposed to use alloy steels other than as
given in this section, details of the specification are to be
submitted to VR for approval. In such case the specified minimum
tensile strength is not to exceed 600 N/mm
2
.
4.4.1. 4. Materials intended for use in the construction of the cargo
59
tanks and process pressure vessels storage applications are to
comply with the requirements of 4.5 or 4.6 as appropriate.
4.4.2. Manufacture and chemical composition.
4.4.2. 1. The method of deoxidation and the chemical composition of
ladle samples are to comply with the appropriate requirements of
table 4.4.2-1.
Table 4.4.2-1: Chemical composition and deoxidation practice
Steels
grade
(LR)
Deoxidation Chemical composition, %
Carbon and carbon-
manganese steels
C
max
Si Mn P S Al Residual
elements
360 AR Any method
except
rimmed
steel
0,18 0,5
0ma
x
0,4-
1,2
0,050 max - Cr 0,25 max
Cu 0,30 max
Mo 0,10 max
Ni 0,30 max
Total: 0,70
max
410 AR 0,21 0,4-
1,3
-
460 AR 0,23 0,8-
1,5
-
360 Any method
except
rimmed
steel i
0,17 0,3
5ma
x
0,4-
1,2
0,050 max -
410 0,20 0,5-
1,3
-
460 0,20
(
1)
0,4
0ma
x
0,8-
1,4
-
60
490 Killed 0,1
-
0,5
0,9-
1,6
-
360FG Killed fine
grained
0,17 0,3
5ma
x
0,4-
1,2
0,040 max (2) Cr 0,25 max
Cu 0,30 max
Mo 0,10 max
Ni 0,30 max
Tng s: 0,70
max
410FG 0,20 0,5-
1,3
460FG 0,20
(
1)
0,4
0ma
x
0,8-
1,5
490FG 0,1
-
0,5
0,9-
1,6
Alloy steel C Si Mn P S Al Cr Mo Residual
elements
1Cr
2
1
Mo470
Killed 0,1
-
0,1
8
0,1
5-
0,3
5
0,4
-
0,8
0,040
max
(3
)
0,
7-
1,
3
0,4-
0,6
Cu 0,30 max
Ni 0,30 max
2
4
1
Cr1Mo48
0
0,0
8-
0,1
8
0,1
5-
0,5
0
2,
0-
2,
5
0,9-
1,1
Note: (1): For thicknesses greater than 30 mm, carbon 0,22% max
(2): Aluminum (acid soluble) : 0,015% min or
Aluminum (Total): 0,018% min ,
61
Niobium, vanadium or other suitable grain
refining may be used either in place of or in addition
to aluminum.
(3): Aluminum (acid soluble or total): 0,020% max
4.4.3. Heat treatment
4.4.3. 1. Heat treatment is to be complied with the requirements in
table 4.4.3-1.
Table 4.4.3-1: Heat treatment
Steels grade (LR) Heat treatment
Carbon and carbon-manganese steels
360AR to 460AR
As rolled, Maximum thickness or
diameter is 40mm
Carbon and carbon-manganese steels 360
to 490
Normalized or controlled rolled
Carbon and carbon-manganese steels
360FG to 490FG
Normalized or controlled rolled
1Cr
2
1
Mo470
Normalized and tempered
2
4
1
Cr1Mo480
4.4.4. 1. For plates, a tensile test specimen is to be taken from one
end of the each piece when the mass does not exceed 5 tonnes and the
length does not exceed 15 m. When either of these limits is
exceeded, tensile test specimens are to be taken from both ends of
each piece.
4.4.4. 2. The results od all tensile tests are to comply with the
appropriate requirements given in the tables 4.4.4-1, 4.4.4-2 v
62
4.4.4-3.
Table 4.4.4-1: Mecanical properties for acceptance purposes: Carbon
and
Carbon-manganese steels As rolled
Steels grade
(LR)
Thickness ,
mm
Yield stress
, N/mm
2
,
Minimum
Tensile
strength,
N/mm
2
,
Elongation on
5.65 So, %
minimum
360 AR
40
190 360-480 24
410 AR 215 410-530 22
460 AR 240 460-580 21
Table 4.4.4-2: Mecanical properties for acceptance purposes: Carbon
and
Carbon-manganese steels- Normalized or controlled rolled
Steels grade
(LR)
Thickness

(1)
,t,
mm
Yield stress,
N/mm
2
, Minimum
Tensile
strength,
N/mm
2
,
Elongation on
5.65 So, % minimum
360
3< t 16
205 360-480 26
16<t 40
195 26
40 <t63
185 25
410
3< t 16
235 410-530 24
16<t 40
225 24
63
40 <t63
215 23
460
3< t 16
285 460-580 22
16<t 40
255 22
40 <t63
245 21
490
3< t 16
305 490-610 21
16<t 40
275 21
40 <t63
265 20
360FG
3< t 16
235 360-480 26
16<t 40
215 26
40 <t63
195 25
410FG
3< t 16
265 410-530 24
16<t 40
245 24
40 <t63
235 23
460FG
3< t 16
295 460-580 22
16<t 40
285 22
40 <t63
275 21
64
490FG
3< t 16
315 490-610 21
16<t 40
315 21
40 <t63
305 21
Note: (1): For thickness greater than 63 mm, the minimum values for
yield stress may be reduced by 1% for each 5 mm increment in thickness
over 63 mm. The minimum elongation values may also be reduced one
unit, e.g. 25% reduced to 24% for all thicknesses over 63mm. For
thicknesses over 100 mm, the above values are to be approved by VR.

Table 4.4.4-3: Mecanical properties for acceptance purposes:
Alloy steels - Normalized and tempered
Steels grade
(LR)
Thickness,t
,
(1)

mm
Yield stress,
N/mm
2
, Minimum
Tensile
strength,
N/mm
2
,
Elongation on
5.65 So, %
minimum
1Cr
2
1
Mo470
3< t 16
305 470-620 20
16<t 40
305 20
40 <t63
305 19
2
4
1
Cr1Mo480
3< t 16
275 480-630 18
16<t 40
265 18
40 <t63
265 17
65
Note: (1): For thickness greater than 63 mm, the minimum values for
yield stress may be reduced by 1% for each 5 mm increment in thickness
over 63 mm. The minimum elongation values may also be reduced one
unit, e.g. 25% reduced to 24% for all thicknesses over 63mm. For
thicknesses over 100 mm, the above values are to be approved by VR.
with the requirements in 4.1.4-1 and 4.1.4-3.
4.5. Ferritic steels for low temperature service
4.5.1. Application
4.5.1. 1. This section gives specific requirements for carbon-
manganese and nickel alloy steels intended for use in the
construction of cargo tannk, storage tanks and process pressure
vessels for liquefied gases and are also applicable for other types
of pressure vessels where the use of steels with guaranteed impact
properties at low temperatures is required.
4.5.2. Manufacture and chemical composition
4.5.2. 1. The method of deoxidation and the chemical composition of
ladle samples are to comply with the appropriate requirements given
in table 4.5.2-1.
Table 4.5.2-1: Chemical composition and deoxidation practice
Steels
grade
(LR)
Deoxidati
on
Chemical composition, % Grain
refine
rs
(1)
Carbon-manganese
steels
C Si Mn P S Residual
elements
66
LT0 Killed
(2)
0,20
max
0,1-
0,5
0,70-1,60 0,040 max Cr : 0,25
max
Cu: 0,35
max
Mo: 0,08
max
Ni: 0,30
max
Total:
0,70 max

Option
al
LT20 Killed
fine
grained
(2)
0,20
max
090-1,60 Al or
Nb or
V
requir
ed
LT40 0,18
max
Al
requir
ed, Nb
or V
option
al
LT60 0,16
max
0,1 -
0,5
1,00-
1,60
(3)
0,025
max
0,020
max
2
1
Ni
Killed
fine
grained

0,16
max
0,10-
0,50
0,70
-
1,60
0,3
0-
0,8
0
0,025
max
0,020
max
Cr : 0,25
max
Cu: 0,35
max
Mo: 0,08
max
Tng: 0,60
max
Al
requir
ed, Nb
or V
option
al
1
2
1
Ni
0,18
max
0,10-
0,35
0,30
-
1,50
1,3
0-
1,7
0
Al
requir
ed
3
2
1
Ni
0,15
max
0,30
-
0,90
3,2
0-
3,8
0
67
5Ni 0,12
max
4,7
0-
5,3
0
9Ni 0,10
max
8,5
0-
10,
0
Notes: (1) When the use of grain refining elements is required their
content is to be as follows:
Aluminum (acid soluble) : 0,015% min
Or Aluminum (total): 0,020% min
Niobium (Nb): 0,015 - 0,05 %
Vanadium (V) : 0,03 - 0,10%
(2)- Carbon-manganese steels, type LT0 and LT20 may be semi-
killed except when intended for us in the construction of
the cargo tanks and process pressure vessels for liquefied
gases.
(3)- The manganeses content may be increased to 1,65% maximum
provided that the carbon content does not exceed 0,14%.
4.5.3. Heat treatment
4.5.3. 1. Heat treatment is to comply with the requirements given in
table 4.5.3-1

Table 4.5.3-1: Heat treatment
Steels
garde
Plates Sections and bars
68
(LR)

C-Mn LT0 Normalized or controlled
rolled
As rolled, Normalized or
controlled rolled
C-Mn LT20
C-Mn LT40 Normalized or quenched and
tempered
C-Mn LT60 Normalized or controlled
rolled
2
1
Ni
1
2
1
Ni
Normalized, normalized and tempered or quenched and
tempered
3
2
1
Ni
5Ni
9Ni Double normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered
4.5.4. 1. Tensile tests specimens are to be taken in accordance with
the requirements of 4.4.4, and, additionally, one set of three
Charpy-V notch impact tests specimens are to be taken foe each
tensile test specimen required as above.
4.5.4. 2. For plates intended for use in the construction of
liquefied gas cargo tanks and associated process pressure vessels,
these impact test specimens are to be cut with their principal axis
perpendicular to the final direction of rolling.
4.5.4. 3. The results of all tensile tests are to comply with the
appropriate requirements given in table 4.5.4-1.
69
4.5.4. 4. The average value for the three impact tests is to comply
with the appropriate requirements given in table 4.5.4-1. One
individual value may be less than the required average value
provided that it is not less than 70 per cent of this average value.
Table 4.5.4-1: Mechanical properties
(1)
Steels
grade
(LR)

Yield
stress,
N/mm
2
,
Min.
Tensi
le
stren
gth,
N/mm
2
,
Elongatio
n on
5.65 So,
% Min.
Impact
test
Temp.
,
0
C
Charpy V-notch impact
tests
(2)
For
liquefied
gases
Other
application
C-MnLT0-
360
C-MnLT0-
410
C-MnLT0-
490
190
220
270
360-
480
410-
530
490-
610
26
24
21
0
Plate:
-
transverse
tests
Average
energy: 27
J min
Section
s and
bars:
-
Longitudin
al tests:
Average
energy: 41
J min
Plates,
sections and
bars: -
Longitudinal
tests:
-When specified
minimum tensile
strength 450
N/mm
2

Average energy:
27J min
- When
specified
minimum tensile
strength 450
N/mm
2
Average energy:
41J min
C-MnLT20-
360
C-MnLT20-
410
C-MnLT20-
490
215
245
315
360-
480
410-
530
490-
610
26
24
21
-20
C-MnLT40-
360
C-MnLT40-
410
C-MnLT40-
490
215
245
315
360-
480
410-
530
490-
610
26
24
21
-40
70
C-MnLT60-
360
C-MnLT60-
410
C-MnLT60-
490
245
285
355
360-
480
410-
530
490-
610
24
24
22
-60
2
1
Ni
245
285
355
360-
480
410-
530
490-
610
24
24
22
-60
1
2
1
Ni
275 490-
640
22 -80
3
2
1
Ni
285 450-
610
21 -95
5Ni 390 540-
740
21 -110
9Ni 490 640-
790
18 -196
Notes:
(1)- These requirements are applicable to products not exceeding 30 mm
in thickness. The requirements for thicker products are subject to
approval by VR.
(2) For standard subsidiary impact test specimens, the minimum
energy values are to be as follows:

71
Required average energy
for standard: 10mm x
10mm
Subsidiary 10mm x
7.5mm
Subsidiary 10mm x
Average energy Average energy
27 J 22 J 18 J
41 J 34 J 27 J
with the requirements in 4.1.4-1 and 4.1.4-3
4.6. Austenitic stainless steels
4.6.1. Application
4.6.1. 1. Provision is made in this section for rolled products in
austenitic stainless steels intended for use in the construction of
cargo tanks, storage tanks and process pressure vessels for chemical
ang liquefied gases. These steels may be used for the construction
of other pressure vessels where the design temperature is not lower
than - 165
0
c.
4.6.1. 2. Steels of this type are also suitable for service at
elevated temperatures, and for such application the proposed
specification, giving details of the chemical composition, heat
treatment and mechanical properties, is to be submitted to VR for
approval.
4.6.2. Chemical composition
4.6.2. 1. The chemical composition of ladle samples is to comply with
the requirements given in table 4.6.2-1.
72

Table 4.6.2-1 : Chemical composition

Steels
grade
(LR)
Chemical composition,%
C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Other
304 L 0,03
max
1,0
max
2,0
max
0,04
5
max
0,03
0
max
17,0-
19,0
- 9,0-
12,0
-
316 L 0,03
max
16,0-
18,5
2,5-
3,0
11,5-
14,5
-
321 0,08
max
17,0-
19,0
- 9,0-
12,0
Ti 5 x
%C;
0,80%
347 0,08
max
17,0-
19,0
- 9,0-
12,0
Nb 10
x %C;
1,0%
4.6.3. Heat treament
4.6.3. 1. All materials are to be supplied in the solution treated
condition.
4.6.4. 1. Tensile test specimens are to be taken in accordance with
the requirements of 4.4.4.
4.6.4. 2. Unless otherwise agreed, impact tests are not required from
the grades of steel given in this section.
73
4.6.4. 3. The results of all tensile tests are to comply with the
appropriate requirements given in table 4.6.4-1

Table 4.6.4-1 : Mechanical properties
Steel
s
grade
(LR)
Thicknes
s, mm
0.2% proof
stress Min.
(1)
, N/mm
2

1% proof
stress Min,
N/mm
2

Tensile
strength
, N/mm
2

Elongation on
5,65 So, % ,
Min.
304 L
50
175 205 440-640 45
316 L
65
185 215 40
321 195 235 490-690 35
347 205 245
Note: The 0,2% proof stress values are given for information purposes
and unless otherwise agreed do not require to be verified by test.
4.6.5. Intercrystalline corrosion tests
4.6.5. 1. A special bend test may be required for certain specific
application and, in particular, for materials intended for use in
the construction of cargo or storage tanks for chemicals.
4.6.5. 2. When required, one test of this type is to be carried uot
for each tensile test. The material for the test is to be taken
adjacent to that for tensile test and is to be machined to suitable
dimensions for either a round or rectangular section bend test. The
diameter or thickness is to be not more than 12 mm, and the total
surface area is to be between 15 and 35 cm
2
.
4.6.5. 3. Unless otherwise agreed or required, the testing procedure
is to be as follows:
74
4.6.5.3.1 Specimens are to be heated to a temperature of
70010
0
C for 30 minutes, followed by rapid cooling in water. They
are then positioned on a bed of copper turning (50 g per litre of
test solution) and immersed for 15 to 24 hours in a boiling
solution of the following composition: 100 g copper sulphate
(CuSO
4
.5H
2
O), 184 g (100 ml) sulphuric acid (H
2
SO
4
), made up to to
1 litre with distilled water. Precautions are to be taken during
boiling to prevent concentration of the solution by evaporation.
4.6.5.3.2 After immersion, each test specimen is to be bent, at
ambient temperature, through 90
0
over a former with a diameter
equal to twice the diameter or thickness of specimen. After
bending, the test specimens are to be free from cracks on the
outer, convex surface.
4.7. Plates with specified through thickness properties.
4.7.1. Application
4.7.1. 1. When plate material, intended for welded construction, will
be subject to significant strains in a direction perpendicular to
the rolled surface, it is recommended that consideration be given to
use os special plate material with specified throgh thickness
properties. These strains are usually associated with thermal
contraction and restraint during welding, particularly for full
penetration T-Butt welds, but may also be associated with load
applied in service or during construction. Wher these strains are of
sufficient magnitude, lamellar tearing may occur. The use of this
material is recommended for certain types of welded structure in
order to minimize the possibility of defects, due to lamellar
tearing, being formed either during fabrication or erection.
4.7.1. 2. This special quality material ia to comply with the
requirements given in 4.1 and 4.2, and the additional requirements
of this section.
4.7.2. Manufacture
4.7.2. 1. All plates are to be manufactured at works, which have been
approved by VR.
4.7.2. 2. These steel materials are to be efficiently vacuum de-
75
gassed, and that the sulphur content is not exceeded 0.01%.
4.7.3. Test material
4.7.3. 1. Unless otherwise agreed, through thickness tension tests
are only required for plate materials where the thickness exceeds 20
mm. For such materials, test samples, each approximately 200x200 mm,
are to be taken from the centre of the top and bottom ends of each
piece. Three through thickness tensile test specimens are to be
prepared from each of these samples, either at radom positions or in
a line transverse to the rolling directions.
4.7.3. 2. For test samples of flat bars, flat bars which belong to
the same cast manufactured by same process and which in thickness
are equivalent to each other and not less than 25 mm are to be
treated as one lot for every 10 tonnes ( thickness less than 25 mm,
one lot for every 20 tonnes). Thus, one test sample is to be taken
from each lot.
4.7.4. Dimentions of through thickness tensile test specimens.
4.7.4. 1. Either plain test specimens or test specimens with welded
extensions may be used. Where the product thickness does not allow
to prepare specimens of sufficient length suitable for the gripping
paws of testing machine, the ends of the specimens may be built up
by suitable welding method. The welding is not to impair the portion
of the specimen within the parallel length.
Chiu di song song 2d
Chiu dy tm - t
d
x x

t Plate thickness, mm
d 6 mm when 20mm t 50 mm,
d 10 mm when t 50 mm
76
x 5 mm when d=6 mm
x 8 mm when d=10 mm
Fig. 4.7.4-1: Plain test specimen

t Plate thickness, mm
d 6 mm when 20mm t 50 mm,
d 10 mm when t 50 mm
Fig. 4.7.4-2: Test specimen with welded extension
4.7.5. 1. The through tensile test specimens are to be tested at
ambient temperature and acceptance are to give an average reduction
of area value of not less than 25 % for each end of the piece and
the reduction of area of one test specimen is not less than 20%.
4.7.5. 2. If the above average value from either or both ends is less
than 20%, the piece is to be rejected.
4.7.5. 3. If the average value fails to comply with 4.7.5.1 but is
20% or greater, three additional tests may be taken from th esame
test sample or samples. The results of these tests are to be added
to those previously obtained to form a new average, which for
acceptance is to be not less than 25%..
4.7.6. Non-destructive examination
4.7.6. 1. All special quality plates are to be ultrasonically tested.
The extent of this examination and the acceptance standards are to
be agreed with the Surveyor.
77
stamped as specified requirement in 1.11
4.7.7. 2. For the products complying with the requirement specified
in 4.3, Z is to be suffixed to the marking.
TCVN 7230:2003
73
5. Steel castings
5.1. General
5. 1. 1. 1. Thi s sect i on gi ves t he gener al r equi r ement s f or st eel cast i ngs
i nt ended f or use i n t he const r uct i on of f i xed of f shor e i nst al l at i ons, and
associ at ed machi nar y, boi l er , pr essur e vessel s and pi pi ng syst ems.
5. 1. 1. 2. St eel cast i ngs havi ng char act er i st i cs ot her t han t hose speci f i ed i n
t hi s sect i on ar e t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s speci f i ed i n 1. 1. 3.
5. 1. 2. 1. Cast i ngs ar e t o be made at f oundr i es appr oved by VR. St eel s used i s t o
be manuf act ur ed by t he open hear t h, el ect r i c or one of t he basi c oxygen
pr ocesses. The use of t he ot her pr ocesses may be speci al l y appr oved by VR. .
5. 1. 2. 2. Al l f l ame cut t i ng, scar f i ng or ar c- ai r gougi ng t o r emove sur pl us met al
i s t o be under t aken bef or e t he f i nal heat t r eat ment . Pr eheat i ng i s t o be
empl oyed wher e necessi t at ed by t he chemi cal composi t i on and/ or t hi ckness of
t he cast i ng.
5. 1. 2. 3. Wher e t wo or mor e cast i ngs ar e j oi ned by wel di ng t o f or m a composi t e
i t em, det ai l s of t he pr oposed wel di ng pr ocedur e ar e t o be submi t t ed f or
appr oval . Wel di ng appr oval pr ocedur e t est may be r equi r ed.
5. 1. 3. Qual i t y of cast i ng
Al l cast i ngs ar e t o be f r ee f r omsur f ace or i nt er nal def ect s whi ch woul d be
pr ej udi ci al t o t hei r pr oper appl i cat i on i n ser vi ce.
5. 1. 4. 1. Al l cast i ngs ar e t o be made f r om ki l l ed st eel s, The chemi cal
composi t i on of t he l adl e sampl e i s t o be wi t hi n t he l i mi t s gi ven i n t he
r el evant sect i on of t hi s chapt er .
5. 1. 4. 2. Except wher e ot her wi se speci f i ed, sui t abl e gr ai n r ef i ni ng el ement s may
be used at t he di scr et i on of t he manuf act ur er . The cont ent of such el ement s i s
t o be r epor t ed i n t he l adl e anal ysi s.
TCVN 7230:2003
74
5. 1. 5. 1. Al l cast i ngs ar e t o be heat t r eat ed t o r ef i ne t he gr ai n st r uct ur e.
5. 1. 5. 2. I f a cast i ng i s l ocal l y r eheat ed, or any st r ai ght eni ng oper at i on i s
per f or med af t er t he f i nal heat t r eat ment , a subsequent st r ess r el i evi ng heat
t r eat ment i s t o be r equi r ed i n or der t o avoi d t he possi bi l i t y of har mf ul
r esi dual st r esses.
5. 1. 6. Test mat er i al and t est speci mens
5. 1. 6. 1. Mechani cal t est s f or st eel cast i ngs ar e t o be car r i ed out i n
accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s i n chapt er 2.
5. 1. 6. 2. When t he f i r st t ensi l e t est s f ai l , r e- t est s may be car r i ed out i n
accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s i n 1. 10.
5. 1. 6. 3. Af t er f i nal heat t r eat ment , The t est sampl es ar e t o be ei t her
i nt egr al l y cast or gat ed t o t he cast i ng and ar e t o have a t hi ckness of not
l ess t han 30 mm.
5. 1. 6. 4. Tensi l e t est speci mens ar e t o have a cr oss- sect i onal ar ea of not l ess
t han 1 50 mm
2

5. 1. 7. 1. Al l cast i ngs ar e t o be cl eaned and adequat el y pr epar ed f or i nspect i on.
Sui t abl e met hods i ncl ude pi ckl i ng, caust i c cl eani ng, wi r e br ushi ng, l ocal
gr i ndi ng, shot or sand bl ast i ng .
5. 1. 7. 2. The accur acy and ver i f i cat i on of di mensi ons ar e t he r esponsi bi l i t y of
t he manuf act ur er .
5. 1. 7. 3. Al l cast i ngs ar e t o be pr esent ed t o t he Sur veyor f or vi sual
exami nat i on. When appl i cabl e t hi s i s t o i ncl ude t he exami nat i on of i nt er nal
sur f aces.
5. 1. 7. 4. Wher e speci f i ed, non- dest r uct i ve exami nat i on i s t o be car r i ed out
bef or e accept ance. Al l t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out by compet ent oper at or s
usi ng r el i abl e and ef f i ci ent l y mai nt ai ned equi pment . The t est i ng pr ocedur es
ar e t o be agr eed wi t h t he Sur veyor .
5. 1. 7. 5. Wher e magnet i c par t i cl e exami nat i on i s speci f i ed t hi s i s t o be car r i ed
TCVN 7230:2003
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out usi ng a suspensi on of magnet i c par t i cl es i n a sui t abl e f l ui d. The dr y
powder met hod i s not accept abl e.
5. 1. 7. 6. Magnet i c par t i cl e or l i qui d penet r ant t est i ng, as speci f i ed i n
subsequent Sect i ons, i s t o be car r i ed out by t he manuf act ur er when t he
cast i ngs ar e i n t he f i ni shed condi t i on. The t est s ar e t o be made i n t he
pr esence of t he Sur veyor unl ess ot her wi se speci al l y agr eed. The cast i ngs ar e
t o be exami ned i n t he f ol l owi ng ar eas:
5. 1. 7. 6. 1 At posi t i ons i ndi cat ed on t he appr oved pl an.
5. 1. 7. 6. 2 At al l accessi bl e f i l l et s and changes of sect i on.
5. 1. 7. 6. 3 At posi t i ons wher e sur pl us met al has been r emoved by f l ame cut t i ng,
scar f i ng or ar c- ai r gougi ng.
5. 1. 7. 6. 4 I n way of f abr i cat i on wel d pr epar at i ons.
5. 1. 7. 6. 5 At ot her si gni f i cant ar eas whi ch may be subj ect t o hi gh st r ess i n
ser vi ce. These ar e t o be agr eed bet ween t he manuf act ur er and t he Sur veyor .
5. 1. 7. 7. Ul r asoni c exami nat i on i s t o be car r i ed out by t he manuf act ur er , but
Sur veyor s may r equest t o be pr esent i n or der t o ver i f y t hat t he exami nat i on i s
car r i ed out i n accor dance wi t h t he agr eed pr ocedur e. Thi s exami nat i on i s t o be
car r i ed out i n t he f ol l owi ng ar eas:
5. 1. 7. 7. 1 At posi t i ons i ndi cat ed on t he appr oved pl an.
5. 1. 7. 7. 2 I n way of f abr i cat i on wel d pr epar at i ons.
5. 1. 7. 7. 3 At posi t i ons wher e exper i ence shows t hat si gni f i cant i nt er nal def ect s
may occur , t hese ar e t o be agr eed bet ween t he manuf act ur er and t he Sur veyor .
5. 1. 7. 8. The r esul t s of ul t r asoni c exami nat i on ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or
r evi ew.
5. 1. 7. 9. Accept ance cr i t er i a i s t o be appr oved by VR and i s t o compl y wi t h t he
appr oved desi gn r equi r ement s.
5. 1. 7. 10. As al t er nat i ver l y, ot her met hod of non- dest r uct i ve exami nat i on,
whi ch i s consi der ed accept abl e by VR, may be accept ed
5. 1. 8. Pr essur e t est i ng
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Wher e r equi r ed by t he r el evant const r uct i on Rul es, cast i ngs ar e t o be pr essur e
t est ed bef or e f i nal accept ance These t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out i n t he
pr esent of t he Sur veyor s and ar e t o be t o t hei r sat i sf act i on.
5. 1. 9. Rect i f i cat l on of def ect i ve cast i ngs
5. 1. 9. 1. When unaccept abl e def ect s ar e f ound i n a cast i ng t hese ar e t o be
r emoved by machi ni ng or chi ppi ng. Fl ame- scar f i ng or ar c- ai r gougi ng may al so
be used pr ovi ded t hat pr e- heat i ng i s empl oyed when necessar y and t hat t he
sur f aces of t he r esul t i ng depr essi on ar e subsequent l y gr ound smoot h. Compl et e
el i mi nat i on of t he def ect i ve mat er i al i s t o be pr oven by adequat e non-
dest r uct i ve t est i ng.
5. 1. 9. 2. Wher e t he cast i ngs f r om whi ch def ect s wer e r emoved r epai r ed by
wel di ng, an appr oval of t he Sur veyor i s t o be obt ai ned, bef or e t hi s wor k i s
commenced, i n advance as t o t he scope of r epai r s, wel di ng and heat t r eat ment .
5. 1. 9. 3. Al l cast i ngs i n al l oy st eel s ar e t o be sui t abl y pr eheat ed pr i or t o
wel di ng. Cast i ngs i n car bon and car bon- manganese st eel s may al so be r equi r ed
t o be pr eheat ed, dependi ng on t hei r chemi cal composi t i on and t he di mensi ons
and posi t i ons of t he wel d r epai r s.
5. 1. 9. 4. Wel di ng i s t o be done under cover i n posi t i ons f r ee f r om dr aught s and
adver se weat her condi t i ons by qual i f i ed wel der s wi t h adequat e super vi si on.
5. 1. 9. 5. The wel di ng consumabl es used ar e t o be of a t ype gi vi ng a wel d deposi t
wi t h mechani cal pr oper t i es si mi l ar and i n no way i nf er i or t o t hose of t he
par ent cast i ngs. The use of l ow hydr ogen t ype wel di ng consumabl es i s
per f er r ed.
5. 1. 9. 6. Af t er wel di ng i s compl et ed, t he cast i ngs ar e t o be gi ven a st r ess
r el i evi ng heat t r eat ment at a t emper at ur e of not l ess t han 550C. The t ype of
heat t r eat ment r equi r ed wi l l be dependent on t he chemi cal composi t i on of t he
cast i ng and t he di mensi ons, posi t i ons and nat ur e of t he def ect s.
5. 1. 9. 7. On compl et i on of heat t r eat ment t he wel d r epai r s, non- dest r uct i ve
exami nat i on i s t o be car r i ed out i n or der t o conf i r m t hat st eel cast i ngs ar e
f r ee f r omdef ect s.
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Mat er i al s compl yi ng wi t h t he t est r equi r ement s ar e t o be st amped as speci f i ed
r equi r ement i n 1. 11

5.2. Steel casting for structural application
5. 2. 1. 1. The r equi r ement s of t hi s sect i on r ef er t o car bon and car bon- manganese
st eel cast i ngs i nt ended f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i ons.
5. 2. 1. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use car bon or car bon manganese st eel s of
speci f i ed mi ni mum yei l d st r engt h above 355 N/ mm
2
or al l oy st eel s, par t i cul ar s
of t he chemi cal composi t i on, mechani cal pr oper t i es, and heat t r eat ment ar e t o
be submi t t ed f or appr oval .
5. 2. 2. St eel cast i ng f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i on wi t h desi gn t emper at ur e not
l ess t han 5
0
C
5. 2. 2. 1. St eel cl assi f i cat i on
5. 2. 2. 1. 1 St eel cast i ng f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i on wi t h desi gn t emper at ur e not
l ess t han 5
0
C i s cl assi f i ed as r equi r ement s i n t abl e 5. 2. 2- 1.
Table 5.2.2-1 Classification of steel casting for structural application with
design temperature not less than 5
0
C
Type of st eel Gr ade ( LR) Speci f i ed mi ni mum
t ensi l e st r engt h, N/ mm
2
Car bon and car bon-
manganese st eel
cast i ngs
410 410
450 450
480 480
5. 2. 2. 2. Chemi cal composi t i on
5. 2. 2. 2. 1 The chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he
f ol l owi ng l i mi t s:
Car bon ( C ) : 0, 23%max.
Si l i con ( Si ) : 0, 60%max.
Manganese ( Mn ) : 1, 60%max. but not l ess t han 3 t i mes t he act ual car bon
cont ent
Sul phur ( S ) : 0, 040 %max.
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Phosphor us ( P ) : 0, 040 %max.
Resi di al el ement s: ni ckel , chr omi um, mol ybdenum, copper : t ot al 0, 80 %max.
5. 2. 2. 3. Heat t r eat ment
5. 2. 2. 3. 1 Cast i ngs ar e t o be f ul l y anneal ed, i . e. heat ed above t he upper
cr i t i cal poi nt and sl owl y col l ed, or
5. 2. 2. 3. 2 Nor mal i zed, or
5. 2. 2. 3. 3 Nor mal i zed and t emper ed at a t emper at ur e of not l ess t han 550
0
C
5. 2. 2. 4. Mechani cal t est s
5. 2. 2. 4. 1 At l east one t ensi l e t est i s t o be made on mat er i al r epr esent i ng each
cast i ng or bat ch of cast i ngs.
5. 2. 2. 4. 2 Wher e t he cast i ng i s of compl ex desi gn or wher e t he f i ni shed mass
exceeds 10 t onnes, t wo t ensi l e t est s ar e t o be made.
5. 2. 2. 4. 3 The r esul t s of t hese t est s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng
r equi r ement s:
Yi el d st r ess : 200 N/ mm
2
mi n.
Tensi l e st r engt h : 400 N/ mm
2
mi n.
El ongat i on on 5, 65 So : 25%mi n
Reduct i on of ar ea: 40%mi n
5. 2. 3. St eel cast i ngs f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i on wi t h t he desi gn
t emper at ur e l ess t han 0
0
C.
5. 2. 3. 1. The chemi cal composi t i on of st eel cast i ngs f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i on
wi t h t he desi gn t emper at ur e l ess t han 0
0
C i s t o be appr oved by VR.
5. 2. 3. 2. Heat t r eat ment : heat t r eat ment pr ocedur e of st eel cast i ngs f or
st r uct ur al appl i cat i on wi t h t he desi gn t emper at ur e l ess t han 0
0
C i s t o be
appr oved by VR.
5. 2. 3. 3. Mechani cal pr oper t i es of t hese st eel cast i ngs i s t o compl y wi t h t he
r equi r ement s gi ven i n 3. 3
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5.3. Steel castings for machinery construction
5. 3. 1. 1. Thi s Sect i on gi ves t he mat er i al r equi r ement s f or car bon and car bon-
manganese st eel cast i ngs i n t ended f or use i n machi ner y const r uct i on of f i xed
of f shor e pl at f or m.
5. 3. 1. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use st eel s of hi gher car bon cont ent t han i s
i ndi cat ed i n 5. 3. 3 - 1, or al l oy st eel s, par t i cul ar s of t he chemi cal
composi t i on, mechani cal pr oper t i es and heat t r eat ment ar e t o be submi t t ed f or
appr oval .
St eel cast i ngs f or machi ner y const r uct i on i s cl assi f i ed as r equi r ement s gi ven
i n t abl e 5. 3. 5- 1
5. 3. 3. 1. The chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he
f ol l owi ng l i mi t s: -
Car bon ( C ) : 0, 40%max.
Si l i con ( Si ) : 0, 60 %max.
Manganese ( Mn ) : 0, 50%- 1, 6 %
Sul phur ( S ) : 0, 040 %max.
Phosphor us ( P ) : 0, 040 %max.
Resi dual el ement s: - Copper ( Cu) : 0, 30 %max.
- Chr omi um( Cr ) : 0, 30 %max.
- Ni ckel ( Ni ) : 0, 40 %max.
- Mol ybdenum( Mo) : 0, 15 %max.
5. 3. 3. 2. Cast i ngs whi ch ar e i nt ended f or par t s of a wel ded f abr i cat i on ar e t o
be of wel dabl e qual i t y wi t h a car bon cont ent gener al l y not exceedi ng 0, 23 per
cent . Pr oposal s t o use st eel s wi t h hi gher car bon cont ent , or al l oy st eel s, f or
wel ded const r uct i on wi l l be subj ect t o speci al consi der at i on.
5. 3. 4. 1. Cast i ngs ar e t o be: f ul l y anneal ed, or nor mal i zed, or nor mal i zed and
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t emper ed at a t emper at ur e of not l ess t han 550C.
5. 3. 4. 2. Engi ne bedpl at e cast i ngs, t ur bi ne casi ngs and any ot her cast i ngs wher e
di mensi onal st abi l i t y and f r eedomf r omi nt er nal st r esses ar e i mpor t ant , ar e t o
be gi ven a st r ess r el i ef heat t r eat ment . Thi s i s t o be at a t emper at ur e not
l ower t han 550C, f ol l owed by f ur nace cool i ng t o 300C or l ower .
Al t er nat i vel y, f ul l anneal i ng may be used pr ovi ded t hat t he cast i ngs ar e
f ur nace cool ed t o 300C or l ower .
5. 3. 5. 1. At l east one t ensi l e t est i s t o be made on mat er i al r epr esent i ng each
cast i ng or bat ch of cast i ngs.
5. 3. 5. 2. Wher e t he cast i ng i s of compl ex desi gn, or wher e t he f i ni shed mass
exceeds 10 t onnes, t wo t ensi l e t est s ar e t o be made.
5. 3. 5. 3. Tabl e 5. 3. 5- 1 gi ves t he mi ni mum r equi r ement s f or yi el d st r ess,
el ongat i on and r educt i on of ar ea cor r espondi ng t o di f f er ent st r engt h l evel s.
Table 5.3.5-1 - Mechanical properties: carbon and carbon-manganese
steel castings for machinery construction

Type of
st eel s
( LR)
Gr ad
e
Speci f i ed
mi ni mum
t ensi l e
st r engt h,
N/ mm
2
Yi el d
st r ess
Mi ni mum,
N/ mm
2

El ongat i on on
5. 65 So, %,
Mi ni mum
Reduct i on of
ar ea, %,
Mi ni mum
Car bon
and
car bon-
manganes
e st eel
cast i ngs
400 400 200 25 40
440 440 220 22 30
480 480 240 20 27
520 520 260 18 25
560 560 300 15 20
600 600 320 13 20
5. 3. 5. 4. Cast i ngs may be suppl i ed t o any speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h
sel ect ed wi t hi n t he gener al l i mi t s det ai l ed i n Tabl e 5. 3. 5- 1
5. 3. 5. 5. The r esul t s of al l t ensi l e t est s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s
of Tabl e 5. 3. 5- 1 appr opr i at e t o t he speci f i ed mi ni mumt ensi l e st r engt h.
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5. 3. 6. 1. Al l pi st on cr owns and cyl i nder cover s ar e t o be exami ned by ul t r asoni c
t est i ng. I n addi t i on, wher e t hese cast i ngs ar e i nt ended f or engi nes havi ng a
bor e si ze l ar ger t han 400 mm, t hey ar e t o be exami ned by magnet i c par t i cl e
t est i ng.
5. 3. 6. 2. Engi ne bedpl at e cast i ngs ar e t o be exami ned by ul t r asoni c and magnet i c
par t i cl e t est i ng.
5. 3. 6. 3. Tur bi ne casi ngs ar e t o be exami ned by magnet i c par t i cl e t est i ng. I n
addi t i on, an ul t r asoni c or r adi ogr aphi c exami nat i on i s t o be made i n way of
f abr i cat i on wel d pr epar at i ons.
5.4. Castings for crankshafts
5. 4. 1. 1. Thi s Sect i on gi ves t he r equi r ement s f or car bon and car bon- manganese
st eel cast i ngs f or semi - bui l t and f ul l y bui l t cr ankshaf t s i n f i xed of f shor e
pl at f or m.
5. 4. 1. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use st eel s of hi gher car bon cont ent t han i s
i ndi cat ed i n 5. 4. 3 - 1, or al l oy st eel s, par t i cul ar s of t he chemi cal
composi t i on, mechani cal pr oper t i es and heat t r eat ment ar e t o be submi t t ed f or
appr oval . For al l oy st eel s, t he speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h i s not t o
exceed 700 N/ mm
2
.
St eel cast i ngs f or f or cr ankshaf t s i s cl assi f i ed as r equi r ement s gi ven i n
t abl e 5. 4. 5- 1.
The chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng
l i mi t s:
Car bon 0, 40 max.
Si l i con 0, 60 max.
Manganese 0, 50- 1, 60
Sul phur 0, 040 max.
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Phosphor us 0, 040 max.
Resi dual el ement s:
Copper ( Cu) : 0, 40 %max.
Chr omi um( Cr ) : 0, 40 %max.
Ni ckel ( Ni ) : 0, 40 %max.
Mol ybdenum( Mo) : 0, 20 %max.
Tot al not mor e t han1, 00 %.
5. 4. 4. 1. Cast i ngs ar e t o be ei t her : f ul l y anneal ed and cool ed i n t he f ur nace t o
a t emper at ur e of 300C or l ower , or , and cool ed i n t he f ur nace t o a
t emper at ur e of 300 C or
5. 4. 4. 2. ( b) nor mal i zed and t emper ed at a t emper at ur e of not l ess t han 550C
and cool ed i n t he f ur nace t o a t emper at ur e of 300 C or l ower
5. 4. 5. 1. Not l ess t han one t ensi l e t est and t hr ee i mpact t est s ar e t o be made
on mat er i al r epr esent i ng each cast i ng. The i mpact t est s may be ei t her Char py
V- not ch or Char py U- not ch at t he opt i on of t he manuf act ur er and ar e t o be
car r i ed out at ambi ent t emper at ur e.
5. 4. 5. 2. Tabl e 5. 4. 5- 1 gi ves t he mi ni mum r equi r ement s f or yi el d st r ess and
el ongat i on cor r espondi ng t o di f f er ent st r engt h l evel s.
5. 4. 5. 3. Cast i ngs may be suppl i ed t o any speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h
sel ect ed wi t hi n t he gener al l i mi t s det ai l ed i n Tabl e 5. 4. 5- 1
5. 4. 5. 4. The r esul t s of al l t est s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s of Tabl e
5. 4. 5- 1 appr opr i at e t o t he speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h. For t he i mpact
t est s, one i ndi vi dual val ue may be l ess t han t he r equi r ed aver age val ue
pr ovi ded t hat i t i s not l ess t han 70 per cent of t hi s aver age val ue.
Table 5.4.5-1 - Mechanical properties: carbon and carbon-manganese steel
castings for crankshafts
St eel
t ype
( LR)
Gr ad
e
Speci f i
ed
mi ni mum
Yi el d
st r ess,
N/ mm
2
,
El ongat i
on on
5, 65 So
Reduct i o
n of
ar ea, %
Char py
V-
not ch
Char py
U-
not ch
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t ensi l e
st r engt
h, N/ mm
2
Mi ni mum , %,
Mi ni mum
,
Mi ni mum
i mpact
t est s
aver age
ener gy,
J ,
Mi ni mum
i mpact
t est s
aver age
ener gy,
J ,
Mi ni mum
Car bon
and
car bon-
mangane
se
st eel
cast i ng
s
400 400 200 28 45 32 30
440 440 220 26 45 28 27
480 480 240 24 40 25 25
520 520 260 22 40 20 22
550 550 275 20 35 18 20
5. 4. 6. 1. Each cast i ng i s t o be exami ned by ul t r asoni c t est i ng.
5. 4. 6. 2. Magnet i c par t i cl e exami nat i on i s t o be car r i ed out over al l sur f aces.
5.5. Castings for boilers, pressure vessels and piping systems
5. 5. 1. 1. Thi s Sect i on gi ves t he r equi r ement s f or car bon, car bon- manganese and
al l oy st eel cast i ngs f or boi l er s, pr essur e vessel s and pi pi ng syst ems on t he
f i xed of f shor e pl at f or m.
5. 5. 1. 2. Car bon and car bon- manganese st eel s wi t h a speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e
st r engt h of gr eat er t han 490 N/ mm2, but not exceedi ng 520 N/ mm2, may be
accept ed pr ovi ded t hat det ai l s of t he pr oposed speci f i cat i on ar e submi t t ed t o
VR f or appr oval .
5. 5. 1. 3. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use al l oy st eel s ot her t han as gi ven i n t hi s
Sect i on, det ai l s of t he speci f i cat i on ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
I n such cases t he speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h i s not t o exceed 600
N/ mm
2
.
5. 5. 1. 4. Cast i ngs whi ch compl y wi t h t hese r equi r ement s ar e accept abl e f or
l i quef i ed gas pi pi ng syst ems wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s not l ower t han
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0C. Wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s l ower t han 0C, and f or ot her
appl i cat i ons wher e guar ant eed i mpact pr oper t i es at l ow t emper at ur es ar e
r equi r ed, t he cast i ngs ar e t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s of Sect i on 5. 6 and
5. 7.
5. 5. 2. 1. The chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he l i mi t s
speci f i ed i n Tabl e 5. 5. 2- 1:

Table 5.5.2-1 - Chemical composition of steel castings for boilers, pressure
vessels and piping systems

Type of
st eel ( LR)
Chemi cal composi t i on, %
Cma
x
Si
max
Mn S
max
P
max
Resi dual el ement s
Car bon and
car bon-
manganese
0, 2
5
0, 6
0
0, 5
0-
1, 6
0
0,
040
0, 04
0
Cr : 0, 25 max
Mo: 0, 15 max
Cu: 0, 30 max
Ni : 0, 40 max
Tot al : 0, 80 max

2
1
Mo

0, 2
5

0, 6
0

0, 5
0-
1, 0
0

0, 04
0

0, 04
0
Cr Mo V Resi dual
el ement s
Cr Cu
Ni
- 0, 35-
0, 65
- 0, 2
5
0, 3
0
max
0, 4
max
1Cr
2
1
Mo
0, 2
3
0, 6
0
0, 5
0-
0, 8
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
1, 00
-
1, 50
0, 45-
0, 65
- - 0, 3
0
max
0, 4
max
TCVN 7230:2003
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2
2
1
Cr 1Mo
0, 2
0
0, 6
0
0, 4
0-
0, 8
0
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
2, 00
-
2, 75
0, 90-
1, 20
- - 0, 3
0
max
0, 4
max
2
1
Cr
2
1
Mo
4
1
V
0, 2
0
0, 4
5
0, 4
0-
0, 8
0
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
0, 30
-
0, 50
0, 40-
0, 60
0,
2-
0,
3
- 0, 3
0
max
0, 3
max
5. 5. 3. 1. Cast i ngs ar e t o be f ul l y anneal ed, i . e. heat ed above t he upper
cr i t i cal poi nt and sl owl y cool ed, or
5. 5. 3. 2. nor mal i zed, or
5. 5. 3. 3. nor mal i zed and t emper ed, or
5. 5. 3. 4. quenched and t emper ed
5. 5. 4. 1. A t ensi l e t est i s t o be made on mat er i al r epr esent i ng each cast i ng,
unl ess a bat ch t est i ng pr ocedur e has been agr eed.
5. 5. 4. 2. The t ensi l e t est i s t o be car r i ed out at ambi ent t emper at ur e, and t he
r esul t s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s of Tabl e 5. 5. 4- 1
Table 5.5.4-1 Mechanical properties: steel castings for boilers, pressure
vessels and piping systems
Type of
st eel ( LR)
Gr ade Speci f i ed
mi ni mum
Yi el d
st r engt h,
N/ mm
2
Tensi l e
st r engt h,
N/ mm
2
El ongat i on
on
5. 65 So, %
, Mi ni mum
Reduct i on
of ar ea, %
, Mi ni mum
Car bon and
car bon-
manganese
410 205 410- 560 25 40
460 230 460- 610 22 30
490 245 490- 640 20 25
2
1
Mo
440 245 440- 590 21 30
TCVN 7230:2003
86
1Cr
2
1
Mo
480 280 480- 630 17 20
2
2
1
Cr 1Mo
480 280 480- 630 17 20
2
1
Cr
2
1
Mo
4
1
V
510 295 510- 660 17 20
5. 5. 5. 1. The non- dest r uct i ve exami nat i on of cast i ngs i s t o be car r i ed out i n
accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of t he appr oved pl an, or as ot her wi se agr eed
bet ween t he manuf act ur er , pur chaser and Sur veyor .
5.6. Ferritic steel castings for low temperature service
5. 6. 1. 1. Thi s Sect i on gi ves t he r equi r ement s f or cast - l i ngs i n car bon- manganese
and ni ckel al l oy st eel s l i nt ended f or use i n l i quef i ed gas pi pi ng syst ems
wher e l i t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s l ower t han 0C, and f or ot her j j appl i cat i ons
wher e guar ant eed i mpact pr oper t i es at l ow t emper at ur es ar e r equi r ed.
5. 6. 1. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use al t er nat i ve st eel s, par t i cul ar s of t he
speci f i ed chemi cal composi t i on, mechani cal pr oper t i es and heat t r eat ment ar e
l i mi t s speci f i ed i n Tabl e 5. 6. 2- 1.
5. 6. 2. 2. Car bon- manganese st eel s ar e t o be made by f i ne gr ai n pr act i ce.
Table 5.6.2-1 - Chemical composition of ferritic steel castings for low
temperature service

Type of st eel s
( LR)
C
max
Si
max
Mn S
max
P
max
Ni Resi dual
el ement s
TCVN 7230:2003
87
Car bon and
car bon
manganese
0, 25 0, 60 0, 70 -
1, 60
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
0, 80 max

Cr : 0, 25
max,
Cu: 0, 30
max,
2
4
1
Ni
0, 25 0, 60 0, 50 -
0, 80
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
2, 00 -
3, 00
3
2
1
Ni
0, 15 0, 60 0, 50 -
0, 80
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
3, 00 -
4, 00
5. 6. 3. 1. Cast i ngs ar e t o be: nor mal i zed, or
5. 6. 3. 2. nor mal i zed and t emper ed, or
5. 6. 3. 3. quenched and t emper ed
5. 6. 4. 1. One t ensi l e t est and one set of t hr ee Char py V- not ch i mpact t est
speci mens ar e t o be pr epar ed f r om mat er i al r epr esent i ng each cast i ng or bat ch
of cast i ngs.
r esul t s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e
5. 6. 4. 1.

Table 5.6.4-1 Mechanical properties : ferritic steel castings for low
temperature service
Type of
st eel s
( LR)
Gr ade Speci f
i ed
mi ni mu
m
Yi el d
st r eng
t h,
N/ mm
2
Tensi l e
st r engt h
, N/ mm
2
El ongat i
on on
5. 65 So,
%,
Mi ni mum
Reduct i o
n of
ar ea, %
,
Mi ni mum
V- not ch i mpact
t est .
Temp,
0
c
Mi n.
aver age
ener gy, J
TCVN 7230:2003
88
Thp c
cc bon-
mng gan
400 200 400- 550 25 40
- 40

27 430 215 430- 580 23 35
460 230 460- 610 22 30
2
4
1
Ni
490 275 490- 640 20 35 - 60 34
3
2
1
Ni
490 275 490- 640 20 35 - 70 34
5. 6. 4. 3. The aver age val ue f or i mpact t est speci mens i s t o compl y wi t h t he
appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e 5. 6. 4- 1. One i ndi vi dual val ue may be
l ess t han t he r equi r ed aver age val ue pr ovi ded t hat i t i s not l essen 70 per
cent of t hi s aver age val ue.
The non- dest r uct i ve exami nat i on of cast i ngs i s t o be car r i ed out i n accor dance
wi t h t he r equi r ement s of t he appr oved pl an, or as ot her wi se agr eed bet ween t he
manuf act ur er , pur chaser and Sur veyor .

5.7. Austenitic stainless steel castings
5. 7. 1. 1. Thi s Sect i on gi ves t he r equi r ement s f or cast - i ngs i n aust eni t i c
st ai nl ess st eel s f or pi pi ng syst ems i n shi ps f or l i quef i ed gases wher e t he
desi gn t emper at ur e i s not l ower t han - 165C.
5. 7. 1. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use al t er nat i ve st eel s, par t i cul ar s of t he
speci f i ed chemi cal composi t i on, mechani cal pr oper t i es and heat t r eat ment ar e
t o be submi t t ed f or appr oval .
The chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s
gi ven i n Tabl e 5. 7. 2- 1.

Table 5.7.2-1 - Chemical composition of Austenitic stainless steel castings
St eel Chemi cal composi t i on, %
TCVN 7230:2003
89
gr ade
( LR)
C
max
Si Mn S P Cr Mo Ni Resi dual
el ement s
304L 0, 03 0, 20-
1, 5
0, 50-
2, 0
0, 040
max
16, 0-
21, 0
- 8, 0-
12, 0
-
304 0, 08 - 8, 0-
12, 0
-
316L 0, 03 2, 0-
3, 0
9, 0-
13, 0
-
316 0, 08 2, 0-
3, 0
9, 0-
13, 0
-
321 0, 08 - 8, 0-
12, 0
5 x C Ti
0, 70
347
( 1 )
0, 06 - 8, 0-
12, 0
8 x C Nb
0, 90
Not e - ( 1) When guar ant eed i mpact val ues at l ow t emper at ur e ar e not r equi r ed,
t he maxi mumcar bon cont ent may be 0, 03%and t he maxi mumni obi ummay be 1, 00%.
Al l cast i ngs ar e t o be sol ut i on t r eat ed at a t emper at ur e of not l ess t han
1000C and cool ed r api dl y i n ai r , oi l or wat er .
5. 7. 4. 1. One t ensi l e t est speci men i s t o be pr epar ed f r ommat er i al r epr esent i ng
each cast i ng or bat ch of cast i ngs. I n addi t i on, wher e t he cast i ngs ar e
i nt ended f or l i quef i ed gas appl i cat i ons, wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s
l ower t han - 55C, one set of t hr ee Char py V- not ch i mpact t est speci mens i s t o
be pr epar ed.
r esul t s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e 5. 7. 4- 1
Table 5.7.4-1 Mechanical properties: Austenitic stainless steel castings

Type
of
Tensi l e
st r engt h
1, 0%pr oof
st r ess,
El ongat i on
on
Reduct i on
of ar ea,
V- not ch i mpact
t est
TCVN 7230:2003
90
st eel
( LR)
, N/ mm
2
,
Mi ni mum
N/ mm
2
,
Mi ni mum
5, 65 So, %
, Mi ni mum
%, mi ni mum Temp.
,
0
c
Mi n.
aver age
ener gy, J
304L 400 200 26 40 - 196 41
304 440 220
316L 430 215 26 40 - 196 41
316 440 220
321 480 240 22 35 - 196 41
347

5. 7. 4. 3. The aver age val ue f or i mpact t est speci mens i s t o compl y wi t h t he
appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e 5. 7. 4- 1. One i ndi vi dual val ue may be
l ess t han t he r equi r ed aver age val ue pr ovi ded t hat i t i s not l ess t han 70 per
cent of t hi s aver age val ue.
5. 7. 4. 4. I n addi t i on t o t he nor mal t est s r equi r ement s, VR may r equest t o car r y
out i nt er cr yst al l i ne cor r osi on t est as f ol l owi ng pr ocedur e: :
5. 7. 4. 5. Speci mens ar e t o be heat ed t o a t emper at ur e of 700 10C f or 30
mi nut es, f ol l owed by r api d cool i ng i n wat er . They ar e t hen t o be posi t i oned on
a bed of copper t ur ni ngs ( 50 g per l i t r e of t est sol ut i on) and i mmer sed f or 15
t o 24 hour s i n a boi l i ng sol ut i on of t he f ol l owi ng composi t i on: 100 g copper
sul phat e ( CuSo4. 5H20) , 184 g ( 100 ml ) sul phur i c aci d made up t o 1 l i t r e wi t h
di st i l l ed wat er . Pr ecaut i ons ar e t o be t aken dur i ng boi l i ng t o pr event
concent r at i on of t he sol ut i on by evapor at i on.
5. 7. 4. 5. 1 Af t er i mmer si on, each t est speci men i s t o be bent at ambi ent
t emper at ur e, t hr ough 90 over a f or mer wi t h a di amet er equal t o t wi ce t he
di amet er or t hi ckness of t he t est speci men. Af t er bendi ng t he t est speci mens
ar e t o be f r ee f r omcr acks on t he out er , convex sur f ace.
The non- dest r uct i ve exami nat i on of cast i ngs i s t o be car r i ed out i n accor dance
wi t h t he r equi r ement s of t he appr oved pl an, or as ot her wi se agr eed bet ween t he
manuf act ur er , pur chaser and Sur veyor .
TCVN 7230:2003
89
6. Steel Forgings

6. 1. 1. Gener al
6. 1. 1. 1. Thi s sect i on gi ves t he r equi r ement s f or st eel f or gi ng f or use i n t he
const r uct i on of f i xed of f shor e i nst al l at i ons and t he associ at ed machi ner y,
boi l er , pr essur e vessel s and pi pi ng syst ems.
6. 1. 1. 2. St eel f or gi ngs havi ng char act er i st i cs ot her t han t hose speci f i ed i n
6. 1. 2. 1. For gi ngs ar e t o be made at f oundr i es appr oved by VR. St eel s used i s
t o be manuf act ur ed by t he open hear t h, el ect r i c or one of t he basi c oxygen
pr ocesses. The use of t he ot her pr ocesses may be speci al l y appr oved by VR. Al l
f or gi ngs ar e t o be made f r omki l l ed st eel s.
6. 1. 2. 2. When f or gi ngs ar e made di r ect l y f r om i ngot s or f r om bl ooms or
bi l l et s f or ged f r omi ngot s, t he i ngot s ar e t o be cast i n chi l l moul ds wi t h t he
l ar ger cr oss- sect i on upper most and wi t h ef f i ci ent f eeder heads.
6. 1. 2. 3. The f or gi ngs ar e t o be gr adual l y and uni f or ml y hot wor ked and ar e t o
be f or med as cl osel y as possi bl e t o t he f i ' ni shed shape and si ze. The pl ast i c
def or mat i on i s t o be such as t o ensur e soundness, uni f or mi t y of st r uct ur al
and sat i sf act or y mechani cal pr oper t i es af t er heat t r eat ment .
6. 1. 2. 4. Adequat e t op and bot t om di scar ds ar e t o be made t o ensur e f r eedom
f r ompi pi ng and har mf ul segr egat i on i n t he f i ni shed f or gi ngs.
6. 1. 2. 5. St eel f or gi ngs ar e t o be hot wor ked by means speci f i ed i n 6. 1. 2- 1
f r om i ngot s, bl oom f or ged or r ol l ed f r om i ngot s or bl oom made f r om i ngot s by
combi nat i on of r ol l i ng and f or gi ng.
Table 6.1.2-1: Forging ratio
For gi ng Gi a cng nng Por t i on For gi ng r at i o
( 1)
Shaf t f or gi ngs For gi ng onl y Body S = 3
Ot her s S = 1, 5
For gi ng and r ol l i ng Body S = 5
TCVN 7230:2003
90
Ot her s S = 3
Ri ng f or gi ngs Ext end hol l ow f or gi ng by
f or gi ng pr ess r i ng mi l l ,
et c.
- S = 3
Di sc f or gi ngs Upset t i ng f r omi ngot s
( 2)
- U = 1/ 3

Not e
( 1) For gi ng r at i o i s t o be cal cul at ed by f ol l owi ng equat i on:
L
L
U ,
a
A
S
1
,
Wher e:
A Mean sect i onal ar ea of or i gi nal i ngot ( m
2
)
a Sect i onal ar ea of t he por t i on af t er f or gi ng ( m
2
)
L Lengt h bef or e upset t i ng ( m)
L
1
- Lengt h af t er upset t i ng ( m)
( 2) I n ot her cases, upset t i ng up t o 1/ 2U or mor e t o be car r i ed out t o
make t h val ue U, as a whol e, 1/ 3.
6. 1. 2. 6. St eel f or gi ngs ar e t o be subj ect ed t o hot wor k t o gi ve enough
f or gi ng r at oi and not l ess t han t hose gi ven i n t abl e 6. 1. 2- 1. The
r equi r ement s, however , may be sui t abl y modi f i ed at t he di scr et i on of t he
Sur veyor accor di ng t o t he si ze or f or mor t he use f or whi ch t hey ar e i nt ended.
6. 1. 2. 7. Wher e st eel f or gi ngs ar e subj ect ed t o sur f ac har deni ng pr ocess as
i nduct i on har deni ng, ni t r i di ng or r ol l i ng pr ess, dat a r el at i ve t o t he
har deni ng pr ocess i s t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval i n advance.
6. 1. 2. 8. St eel f or gi ngs shaped by f l ame cut t i ng or scar f i ng ar e t o have
suf f i ci ent machi ni ng al l owance f or r emovi ng t he heat - af f ect ed zone, and t he
oper at i on i s t o be car r i ed out bef or e t he f i nal heat t r eat ment . Pr eheat i ng i s
t o be car r i ed out accor di ng t o t he chemi cal composi t i on, di mensi ons and f or m
of t he st eel f or gi ngs.
6. 1. 2. 9. Wher e t wo or mor e f or gi ngs ar e j oi ned by wel di ng t o f or ma composi t e
component , det ai l s of t he pr oposed wel di ng pr ocedur e ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR
f or appr oval . Wel di ng appr oval pr ocedur e t est s may be r equi r ed.
6. 1. 3. Qual i t y
TCVN 7230:2003
91
Al l f or gi ngs ar e t o be f r ee f r omsur f ace or i nt er nal def ect s whi ch woul d be
pr ej udi ci al t o t hei r pr oper appl i cat i on i n ser vi ce.
r equi r ement s det ai l ed i n subsequent Sect i ons i n t hi s Chapt er .
6. 1. 4. 2. Except wher e ot her wi se speci f i ed, sui t abl e gr ai n r ef i ni ng el ement s
such as al umi ni um, ni obi um or vanadi um may be used at t he di scr et i on of t he
manuf act ur er . The cont ent of such el ement s i s t o be r epor t ed i n t he l adl e
anal ysi s.
6. 1. 5. 1. St eel f or gi ngs ar e t o be anneal ed, nor mal i zed, nor mal i zed and
t emper ed, or quenched and t emper ed at t he pr oper st age of manuf act ur i ng
pr ocess f or t he pur pose of gr ai n r ef i ni ng of t he met al cr yst al , r emoval of
r esi dual st r ess and of obt ai ni ng necessar y mechani cal pr oper t i es. The
nor mal i zi ng t emper at ur e of st eel f or gi ngs i s not t o be l ess t han 550
0
C.
6. 1. 5. 2. St eel f or gi ngs whi ch ar e subj ect ed t o any hot wor k l i kel y t o cause
change i n t he cr yst al st r uct ur e of met al or t o gener at e r esi dual st r ess af t er
heat t r eat ment ar e t o be heat t r eat ed agai n.
6. 1. 5. 3. St eel f or gi ngs whi ch ar e subj ect ed t o any hot wor k i nvol vi ng an
excessi ve degr ee of st r ai ght eni ng ar e t o be st r ess r el i eved accor di ngl y.
6. 1. 5. 4. Wher e i t i s i nt ended t o sur f ace har den f or gi ngs, f ul l det ai l s of t he
pr oposed pr ocedur e and speci f i cat i on ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
For t he pur poses of t hi s appr oval , t he manuf act ur er wi l l be r equi r ed t o
demonst r at e by t est s t hat t he pr oposed pr ocedur e gi ves a uni f or msur f ace l ayer
of t he r equi r ed har dness and dept h and t hat i t does not i mpai r t he soundness
and pr oper t i es of t he st eel .
6. 1. 5. 5. The f ur nace i nt ended t o be used f or heat t r eat ment ai s t o have
suf f i ci ent si ze f or uni f or ml y heat i ng t he st eel f or gi ngs t o t he r equi r ed
t emper at ur e. The f ur nace i s t o be equi pped wi t h a di vi ce capabl e of r egul at i ng
and r ecor di ng t he f ur nace t emper at ur e.
TCVN 7230:2003
92
6. 1. 6. 1. Speci mens f or mechani cal t est s ar e t o be pr epar ed as r equi r ed i n
r el evant senct i on of t hi s chapt er i n accor dance wi t h t he st eel f or gi ng
appl i cat i on.
6. 1. 6. 2. Tensi l e t est speci mens ar e t o be machi ned t o t he di ment i ons det ai l ed
i n Chapt er 2 and ar e t o have a cr oss- sect i onal ar ea of not l ess t han 150 mm
2
.
Wher e t hi s i s pr ecl uded by t he di mensi ons of t he f or gi ng, t he t est speci men i s
t o be of t he l ar gest pr act i cabl e cr oss- sect i onal ar ea.
6. 1. 6. 3. I mpact t est speci mens ar e t o be pr epar ed i n accor dance wi t h t he
r equi r ement s of Chapt er 2.
6. 1. 6. 4. The pr ocedur es used f or t he t ensi l e and i mpact t est s ar e t c be i n
accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of Chapt er 2.
6. 1. 6. 5. Har dness t est s pr ef er abl y of t he Br i nel l t ype ar e t o be car r i ed out
when speci f i ed i n subsequent Sect i ons i n t hi s Chapt er .
6. 1. 7. 1. Bef or e accept ance, al l f or gi ngs ar e t o be pr esent ed t o t he Sur veyor
f or vi sual exami nat i on. Wher e appl i cabl e, t hi s i s t o i ncl ude t he exami nat i on
of i nt er nal sur f aces and bor es. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, t he accur acy and
ver i f i cat i on of di mensi ons ar e t he r esponsi bi l i t y of t he manuf act ur er .
6. 1. 7. 2. When speci f i ed i n subsequent Sect i ons i n t hi s Chapt er , t he non-
dest r uct i ve exami nat i on i s al so t o be car r i ed out bef or e accept ance. Al l such
t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out by compet ent oper at or s usi ng r el i abl e and
ef f i ci ent l y mai nt ai ned equi pment . The t est i ng pr ocedur es used ar e t o be agr eed
wi t h t he Sur veyor s.
6. 1. 7. 3. Magnet i c par t i cl e and l i qui d penet r ant t est i ng i s t o be car r i ed out
when t he f or gi ngs ar e i n t he f i ni shed machi ned condi t i on. Unl ess ot her wi se
agr eed, t hese t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out i n t he pr esence of t he Sur veyor .
6. 1. 7. 4. Accept ance st andar ds f or def ect s f ound by magnet i c par t i cl e or
l i qui d penet r ant t est i ng ar e t o be t o t he sat i sf act i on of t he Sur veyor s and i n
accor dance wi t h any speci f i c r equi r ement s of t he appr oved desi gn.
6. 1. 7. 5. Ul t r asoni c exami nat i on i s t o be car r i ed out af t er t he f or gi ngs have
been machi ned t o a condi t i on sui t abl e f or t hi s t ype of exami nat i on and af t er
t he f i nal heat t r eat ment . Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, t hi s exami nat i on i s t o be
TCVN 7230:2003
93
car r i ed out by t he manuf act ur er , al t hough Sur veyor s may r equest t o be pr esent
i n or der t o ver i f y t hat t he exami nat i on i s bei ng car r i ed out i n accor dance
wi t h t he agr eed pr ocedur e. The r esul t s of ul t r asoni c exami nat i on ar e t o be
submi t t ed t o VR f or r evew.
6. 1. 8. 1. Smal l sur f ace i mper f ect i ons may be r emoved by gr i ndi ng or by
chi ppi ng and gr i ndi ng. Compl et e el i mi nat i on of t hese i mper f ect i ons i s t o be
pr oved by magnet i c par t i cl e or dye penet r ant exami nat i on. At t he di scr et i on of
t he Sur veyor , t he r esul t i ng shal l ow gr ooves or depr essi ons can be accept ed
pr ovi ded t hat t hey ar e bl ended by gr i ndi ng.
6. 1. 8. 2. Repai r s by wel di ng ar e not gener al l y per mi t t ed, but speci al
consi der at i on wi l l be gi ven t o such r epai r s wher e t hey ar e of a mi nor nat ur e
and i n ar eas of l ow wor ki ng st r esses. I n such cases, f ul l det ai l s of t he
pr oposed r epai r and subsequent i nspect i on pr ocedur es ar e t o be submi t t ed f or
t he appr oval of t he Sur veyor s pr i or t o t he commencement of t he pr oposed
r ect i f i cat i on.
Mat er i al s compl yi ng wi t h t he t est r equi r ement s ar e t o be st amped as speci f i ed
r equi r ement i n 1. 11

6.2. Steel forgings for structural application
above t han 0
0
C
6. 2. 1. 1. Appl i cat i on
6. 2. 1. 1. 1 The r equi r ement s of t hi s sect i on r ef er t o car bon and car bon-
manganese st eel f or gi ngs i nt ended f or st r uct ur al appl i cat i ons i n f i xed
of f shor e i nst al l at i on.
6. 2. 1. 1. 2 Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use car bon or car bon manganese st eel s of
speci f i ed mi ni mum yei l d st r engt h above 355 N/ mm
2
or al l oy st eel s, par t i cul ar s
of t he chemi cal composi t i on, mechani cal pr oper t i es, and heat t r eat ment ar e t o
be submi t t ed f or appr oval .
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6. 2. 1. 2. Chemi cal composi t i on
6. 2. 1. 2. 1 For f or gi ngs t o whi ch st r uct ur al i t ems ar e t o be at t ached by
wel di ng or whi ch ar e i nt ended f or par t s of a f abr i cat ed component , t he
chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng:
Car bon: 0, 23 %max
Si l i con : 0, 45 %max
Manganese: 0, 3 - 1, 7 % but not l ess t han 3 t i mes t he act ual car bon cont ent f or
component s whi ch ar e not gi ven a post - wel d heat t r eat ment .
Sul phur : 0, 045 %max
Phosphor us: 0, 045 %max
Resi dual el ement s: ni ckel , chr omi um, mol ybdenum, copper Tot al 0, 8%max
6. 2. 1. 2. 2 For f or gi ngs not i nt ended f or wel di ng. t he chemi cal composi t i on of
l adl e' sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng:
Car bon: 0, 30 %max
Manganese: 0, 3 - 1, 50 %
Resi dual el ement s: Ni : 0, 40 %max
Cr : 0, 30 %max
Mo : 0, 15 %max
Cu : 0, 30 %max
6. 2. 1. 3. Heat t r eat ment
6. 2. 1. 3. 1 For gi ngs ar e t o be: f ul l y anneal ed, i . e. heat ed t o an appr opr i at e
t emper at ur e above t he upper cr i t i cal poi nt and sl owl y cool ed, or
6. 2. 1. 3. 2 Nor mal i zed, or
6. 2. 1. 3. 3 Nor mal i zed and t emper ed at a t emper at ur e of not l ess t han 550
0
C.
6. 2. 1. 4. Mechani cal t est s
6. 2. 1. 4. 1 At l east one t ensi l e speci men i s t o be t aken f r om each f or gi ng or
bat ch of f or gi ngs.
6. 2. 1. 4. 2 Wher e a f or gi ng exceeds bot h 4 t onnes i n mass and 3 m i n l engt h,
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t ensi l e t est speci mens ar e t o be t aken f r om each end. These l i mi t s r ef er t o
t he ' as f or ged' mass and l engt h but excl ude t he t est mat er i al .
6. 2. 1. 4. 3 Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed bet ween t he manuf act ur er and t he Sur veyor .
t he t est speci mens ar e t o be cut i n a l ongi t udi nal di r ect i on.
6. 2. 1. 4. 4 The r esul t s of al l t ensi l e t est s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng:
Yi el d st r ess Mi ni mum: 215 N/ mm
2

Tensi l e st r engt h Mi ni mum: 430 N/ mm
2

El ongat i on on 5. 65 So, mi ni mum: 24%, Longi t udi nal

18 %, Tr ansver se
6. 2. 1. 4. 5 For l ar ge f or gi ngs, wher e t ensi l e t est s ar e t aken f r om each end,
t he var i at i on i n t ensi l e st r engt h i s not t o exceed 70 N/ mm
2
.
l ess t han 0
0
C.
6. 2. 2. 1. The chemi cal composi t i on of st eel f or gi ngs f or st r uct ur al
appl i cat i on wi t h t he desi gn t emper at ur e l ess t han 0
0
C i s t o be appr oved by VR.
6. 2. 2. 2. Heat t r eat ment : heat t r eat ment pr ocedur e of st eel f or gi ngs f or
st r uct ur al appl i cat i on wi t h t he desi gn t emper at ur e l ess t han 0
0
C i s t o be
appr oved by VR.
6. 2. 2. 3. Mechani cal pr oper t i es of t hese st eel f or gi ngs i s t o compl y wi t h t he
r equi r ement s gi ven i n 3. 3
6.3. Steel forgings for shafting and machinery.
6. 3. 1. 1. Thi s sect i on gi ves t he r equi r ement s f or car bon and car bon- manganese
st eel f or gi ng f or shaf t i ng and ot her i t ems of machi ner y i nt ended f or use at
desi gn t emper at ur e not l ess t han 0
0
c.
6. 3. 1. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use al l oy st eel s, par t i cul ar s of t he
chemi cal composi t i on, mechani cal pr oper t i es, and heat t r eat ment ar e t o be
submi t t ed f or appr oval . Gener al l y, t he speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h i s
not t o exceed 1100 N/ mm
2
.
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St eel f or gi ngs f or shaf t i ng and machi ner y i s cl assi f i ed as r equi r ement s gi ven
i n t abl e 6. 3. 5- 1.
f ol l owi ng over al l l i mi t s:
Car bon: 0, 65 %max
Manganese: 0, 3 - 1, 50 %
Cr : 0, 30 %max
Mo : 0, 15 %max
Cu : 0, 30 %max
6. 3. 3. 2. For gi ngs t o whi ch st r uct ur al i t ems ar e t o be at t ached by wel di ng, or
whi ch ar e i nt ended f or par t s of a f abr i cat ed component , ar e t o be of wel dabl e
qual i t y wi t t t he car bon cont ent gener al l y not exceedi ng 0, 23 per cent and a
t ot al r esi dual cont ent not exceedi ng 0, 80 per cent . Wher e t he car bon cont ent
exceeds 0, 23 per cent , det ai l s of t he pr oposed wel di ng pr ocedur e ar e t o be
submi t t ed f or appr oval .
6. 3. 4. 1. For gi ngs ar e t o be: Ful l y anneal ed, i . e. heat ed t o an appr opr i at e
t e' mper at ur e above t he upper cr i t i cal poi nt and sl owl y cool ed, or
6. 3. 4. 2. Nor mal i zed, or
6. 3. 4. 3. Nor mal i zed and t emper ed. The t emper i ng t emper at ur e i s t o be not l ess
t han 550C or
6. 3. 4. 4. Quenched and t emper ed. The t emper i ng t emper at ur e i s t o be not l ess
t han 550C.
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6. 3. 5. 1. At l east one t ensi l e t est i s t o be made on each f or gi ng, or each
bat ch of f or gi ngs.
6. 3. 5. 2. Wher e a f or gi ng exceeds bot h 4 t onnes i n mass and 3 m i n l engt h, a
t ensi l e t est i s t o be t aken f r omeach end.
6. 3. 5. 3. A bat ch t est i ng pr ocedur e may be used f or hot r ol l ed bar s not
exceedi ng 250 mm di amet er , whi ch ar e i nt ended f or t he manuf act ur e ( by
machi ni ng oper at i ons onl y) of st r ai ght shaf t i ng, bol t s, st uds and ot her
machi ner y component s of si mi l ar shape. A bat ch i s t o consi st of ei t her :
6. 3. 5. 3. 1 Mat er i al f r om t he same pi ece pr ovi ded t hat wher e t hi s i s cut i nt o
i ndi vi dual l engt hs, t hese ar e al l heat t r eat ed i n t he same f ur nace char ge, or
6. 3. 5. 3. 2 Bar s of t he same di amet er and cast . heat t r eat ed i n t he sSme
f ur nace char ge and wi t h a t ot al mass not exceedi ng 2, 5 t onnes.
6. 3. 5. 4. The t est speci mens ar e t o be t aken i n t he l ongi t udi nal di r ect i on
but , at t he di scr et i on of t he manuf act ur er and i f agr eed by t he Sur veyor ,
al t er nat i ve di r ect i ons or posi t i ons as shown i n Fi g 6. 3. 5- 1, Fi g. 6. 3. 5- 2 and
Fi g. 6. 3. 5- 3.

Fig. 6.3.5-1 - Plain shaft
Mu dc
Mu dc
Mu ngang

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Fig. 6.3.5-2 - Flanged shaft
Mu ngang
Mu dc
Mu tip tuyn

Fig. 6.3.5-3 - Flanged shaft with collar
6. 3. 5. 5. Tabl e 6. 3. 5- 1 gi ves t he mi ni mum r equi r ement s f or yi el d st r ess and
el ongat i on cor r espondi ng t o di f f er ent st r engt h l evel s:
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Table 6.3.5-1 - Mechanical properties: Carbon and carbon-manganese steel
forgings for shafting and machinery

Type of
st eel s
( LR)
Gr ade Speci f i ed
mi ni mum
t ensi l e
st r engt h,
N/ mm
2
Yi el d
st r ess
Mi ni mum
, N/ mm
2
El ongat i on on 5. 65 So, %
, Mi ni mum
Longi t ud
i nal
Tangent i a
l
Tr ans
ver se
Car bon
and
car bon-
manganese
st eel
f or gi ngs
360 360 180 28 23 20
400 400 200 26 22 19
440 440 220 24 21 18
480 480 240 22 19 16
520 520 260 21 18 15
560 560 280 20 17 14
600 600 300 18 15 13
640 640 320 17 14 12
680 680 340 16 14 12
720 720 360 15 13 11
760 760 380 14 12 10
I nt er medi at e val ue may be used pr ovi ded t hat t i i s appr oved by VR. I n
t hese cases, t hese val ues ar e t o be obt ai ned by i nt er pol at i on.
6. 3. 5. 6. For mai n pr opul si on shaf l i ng f or gi ngs, t he speci f i ed mi ni mum
t ensi l e st r engt h i s t o be bet ween 400 N/ mm
2
and 600 N/ mm
2
.
6. 3. 5. 7. Wher . t he speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h exceeds 700N/ mm
2
,
f or gi ngs I r e t o be suppl i ed onl y i n t he quenched and t emper ed condi t i on.
gi ven i n Tabl e 6. 3. 5- 1 appr opr i at e t o t he speci f i ed mi ni mumt ensi l e st r engt h.
6. 3. 5. 9. Wher e mor e t han one t ensi l e t est i s t aken f r om a f or gi ng t he
var i at i on i n t ensi l e st r engt h i s not t o exceed t he f ol l owi ng:
Speci f i ed mi ni mumt ensi l e st r engt h, N/ mm
2
Di f f er ence
i n t ensi l e st r engt h , N/ mm
2

600 70
600 100
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6. 3. 6. Non - dest r uct i ve exami nat i on
6. 3. 6. 1. Magnet i c par t i cl e t est i ng i s t o be car r i ed out on al l connect i ng r od
f or gi ngs and on t he f ol l owi ng component s when t hey ar e i nt ended f or engi nes
havi ng a bor e di amet er l ar ger t han 400 mm:
6. 3. 6. 1. 1 Cyl i nder cover s
6. 3. 6. 1. 2 Pi st on cr owns, Pi st on r ods
6. 3. 6. 1. 3 Ti e r ods
6. 3. 6. 1. 4 Gear wheel s f or camshaf t dr i ves
6. 3. 6. 1. 5 Bol t s ar d st uds f or : Cyl i nder cover s, cr ossheads, mai n bear i ng
and connect i ng r od bear i ngs.
6. 3. 6. 2. The ar eas t o be t est ed ar e t hose wher e exper i ence shows def ect s ar e
most l i kel y t o occur , and ar e t o be mut ual l y agr eed bet ween t he Sur veyor and
t he manuf act ur e.
6. 3. 6. 3. Ul t r asoni c t est i ng i s t o be car r i ed out on t he f ol l owi ng i t ems:
6. 3. 6. 3. 1 Shaf t s havi ng a f i ni shed di amet er of 260 mm or l ar ger when
i nt ended f or mai n pr opul si on or ot her essent i al ser vi ces.
6. 3. 6. 3. 2 Al l pi st on cr owns and cyl i nder cover s
6. 3. 6. 3. 3 Pi st on and connect i ng r ods f or engi nes havi ng a bor e di amet er
gr eat er t han 400 mm.

6.4. Forgings for crankshafts
6. 4. 1. 1. The speci f i c r equi r ement s f or sol i d f or ged cr ankshaf t s and f or gi ngs
f or use i n t he const r uct i on of f ul l y bui l t and semi - bui l t cr ankshaf t s ar e
det ai l ed i n t hi s Sect i on.
6. 4. 1. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use al l oy st eel f or gi ngs, par t i cul ar s of t he
chemi cal composi t i on, heat t r eat ment and mechani cal pr oper t i es ar e t o be
submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval . The speci f i ed mi ni mumt ensi l e st r engt h i s not t o
TCVN 7230:2003
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exceed 1000 N/ mm
2
.
For gi ngs f or cr ankshaf t s i s cl assi f i ed as r equi r ement s gi ven i n t abl e 6. 4. 6-
1, t abl e 6. 4. 6- 2 and 6. 4. 6- 3.
6. 4. 3. 1. For combi ned cr ank web and pi n f or gi ngs, t he pr oposed met hod of
f or gi ng i s t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
6. 4. 3. 2. Wher e cr ank webs ar e f l ame cut f r om f or ged or r ol l ed sl abs. t he
pr ocedur e used i s t o be i n accor dance wi t h 6. 1. 2 - 8 and addi t i onal l y a dept h
of at l east 7, 5 mmi s t o be r emoved by machi ni ng f r omal l f l ame- cut sur f aces.
6. 4. 4. 1. For car bon and car bon. manganese st ee. f or gi ngs t he chemi cal
composi t i on of l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng over al l l i mi t s:
Car bon: 0, 55 %max
Manganese: 0, 3 - 1, 50 %
Cr : 0, 30 %max
Mo : 0, 15 %max
Cu : 0, 30 %max
6. 4. 4. 2. For al l oy st eel f or gi ngs t he chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es
i s t o compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng over al l l i mi t s:
Car bon: 0, 50 %max
Si l i con: 0, 15 - 0, 45 %
Manganese: 0, 35 - 1, 0 %
Ni ckel : 3, 50 %max
Chr omi um: 3, 50 %max
TCVN 7230:2003
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Mol ybdenum: 0, 70 %max
Cu : 0, 30 %max
6. 4. 5. 1. For f or gi ngs i n al l t ypes of st eel s heat t r eat ment i s t o be ei t her :
6. 4. 5. 1. 1 nor mal i zed and t emper ed at a t emper at ur e of not l ess t han 550
0
C
or
6. 4. 5. 1. 2 Quenched and t emper ed at a t emper at ur e of not l ess t han 550
0
C,
6. 4. 5. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o sur f ace har den cr ankshaf t f or gi ngs by
ni t r i di ng or i nduct i on har deni ng, f ul l det ai l s of t he pr oposed pr ocedur e ar e
t o be submi t t ed t o Vr f or appr oval . The manuf act ur er wi l l be r equi r ed t o
demonst r at e by t est s t hat t he pr oposed pr ocedur e gi ves a uni f or msur f ace l ayer
of t he r equi r ed har dness and dept h and t hat i t does not i mpai r t he soundness
and pr oper t i es of t he st eel .
6. 4. 6. 1. For car bon and car bon- manganese st eel s, at l east one t ensi l e t est
speci men i s t o be t aken f r om each f or gi ng. For al l oy st eel s, at l east one
t ensi l e and a set of t hr ee i mpact t est speci mens ar e r equi r ed.
6. 4. 6. 2. For sol i d f or ged cr ankshaf t s, t est s ar e t o be t aken I r t he
l ongi t udi nal di r ect i on f r om t he coupl i ng end of eact f or gi ng. Wher e t he mass,
as heat t r eat ed but excl udi ng t est mat er i al , exceeds 3 t onnes t est s ar e t o be
t aken f r om t he end opposi t e t he coupl i ng, i n addi t i on. Wher e t he cr ankt hr ows
ar e f or med by machi ni ng or f l ame cut t i ng t he second set of t est s i s t o be
t aken i n a t r ansver se di r ect i on f r om mat er i al r emoved f r om t he cr ankt hr ow at
t he end opposi t e t he coupl i ng.
6. 4. 6. 3. The number and posi t i on of t est speci mens f r omcombi ned cr ankweb and
pi n f or gi ngs ar e t o be i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of t he appr oved
met hod of manuf act ur e.
6. 4. 6. 4. For ot her cr ankshaf t f or gi ngs, t est s ar e t o be t aken as det ai l ed i n
Sect i on 6. 3. 4, except t hat f or cr ankwebs t he t est speci mens ar e t o be cut i n a
t r ansver se di r ect i on.
6. 4. 6. 5. Smal l sol i d f or ged cr ankshaf t s may be bat ch t est ed, pr ovi ded t hat
TCVN 7230:2003
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har dness t est s ar e car r i ed out on each f or gi ng .
6. 4. 6. 6. Tabl es 6. 4. 6- 1, 6. 4. 6- 2 and 6. 4. 6- 3 gi ve t he mi ni mum r equi r ement s
f or yi el d st r ess and el ongat i on cor r espondi ng t o di f f er ent st r engt h l evel s.
Table 6.4.6-1: Mechanical properties: Carbon and carbon-manganese steel
forgings for crankshafts

Type of
st eel s
( LR)
Gr ade Speci f i e
d
mi ni mum
t ensi l e
st r engt h
, N/ mm
2
Yi el d
st r ess
Mi ni mum,
N/ mm
2
El ongat i on on
5. 65 So, %,
Mi ni mum
Har dne
ss
mi ni mu
m
HB
Long. Tr ansv.
Car bon
and
car bon-
manganes
e st eel
f or gi ngs
400 400 200 26 19 110
440 440 220 24 18 125
480 480 240 22 16 135
520 520 260 21 15 150
560 560 280 20 14 160
600 600 300 18 13 175
640 640 320 17 12 185
680 680 340 16 12 200
700 700 350 15 11 205

Table 6.4.6-2: Mechanical properties: Alloy steel forgings for crankshafts

St eel
t ype
( LR)
Gr ade Speci f
i ed
mi ni mu
m
t ensi l
e
st r eng
t h,
N/ mm
2
Yi el d
st r es
s,
N/ mm
2

,
Mi ni m
um
El ongat i on
on
5, 65 So, %
, Mi ni mum
Char py i mpact t est s
aver age ener gy, J ,
Mi ni mum
Har dne
ss
mi ni mu
m
HB
V- not ch U- not ch
Long
.
Tr ans
v
Long
.
Tr an
sv
Long
.
Tr an
sv
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Al l oy
st eel
f or gi ngs
Nor mal i z
ed and
t emper ed
600 600 330 18 14 25 15 25 17 175
650 650 355 17 13 20 13 22 15 190
700 700 380 16 12 20 12 22 15 205
750 750 405 15 11 18 11 20 14 215
800 800 430 14 10 15 9 17 12 235

Not e The i mpact t est aver age ener gy val ues det ai l ed above ar e appl i cabl e
f or f or gi ngs of di amet er not exceedi ng 250 mm. For l ar ger f or gi ngs, t he
i mpact t est ener gy aver age val ues ar e t o be i n accor dance wi t h t he
speci f i cat i on appr oved by VR.

Table 6.4.6-3 - Mechanical properties: Alloy steel forgings for crankshafts
Quenched and tempered
St eel
t ype ( LR)
Gr ade Speci
f i ed
mi ni m
um
t ensi
l e
st r en
gt h,
N/ mm
2
Yi el d
st r es
s,
N/ mm
2

,
Mi ni m
um
El ongat i on
on
5, 65 So, %,
Mi ni mum
Mi ni mum
Har dn
ess
mi ni m
um
HB
V- not ch U- not ch
Long
.
Tr ans
v
Long
.
Tr an
sv
Long
.
Tr an
sv
Al l oy
st eel
f or gi ngs
Quenched
and
t emper ed
600 600 420 18 14 41 24 35 24 175
650 650 450 17 13 32
( 26)
22
( 18)
30
( 26)
23
( 20)
190
700 700 480 16 12 32
( 26)
22
( 18)
30
( 26)
23
( 20)
205
750 750 530 15 11 32
( 22)
20
( 14)
30
( 23)
22
( 16)
215
800 800 590 14 10 32
( 18)
20
( 11)
30
( 20)
22
( 14)
235
TCVN 7230:2003
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850 850 640 13 9 27
( 16)
18
( 10)
26
( 18)
20
( 13)
245
900 900 690 13 9 27
( 16)
18
( 10)
26
( 18)
20
( 13)
260
950 950 750 12 8 25 16 25 18 275
1000 1000 810 12 8 25 16 25 18 290

Not e:
The i mpact t est aver age ener gy val ues det ai l ed above ar e appl i cabl e f or
f or gi ngs of di amet er not exceedi ng 250 mm. For l ar ger f or gi ngs, t he i mpact
t est ener gy aver age val ues ar e t o be i n accor dance wi t h t he speci f i cat i on
appr oved by VR
Wher e 1Cr
2
1
Mo st eel i s used i n t he st r engt h r anges 650 t o 900 N/ mm
2
, t he
i mpact r equi r ement s ar e t hose gi ven i n t he br acket s.
6. 4. 6. 7. For gi ngs may be suppl i ed t o any speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h
sel ect ed wi t hi n t he gener al l i mi t s det ai l ed i n Tabl es 6. 4. 6- 1, t abl e 6. 4. 6- 2
and t abl e 6. 4. 6- 3.
of Tabl e 6. 4. 6- 1, 6. 4. 6- 2 or 6. 4. 6- 3 appr opr i at e t o t he speci f i ed mi ni mum
t ensi l e st r engt h.
6. 4. 6. 9. For al l oy st eel f or gi ngs, t he aver age ener gy val ues f r om i mpact
t est s at ambi ent t emper at ur e ar e t o compl y wi t h t he appr opr i at e r equi r ement s
gi ven i n Tabl e 6. 4. 6- 2 or 6. 4. 6- 3. One i ndi vi dual val ue may be l ess t han t he
r equi r ed aver age val ue pr ovi ded t hat i t i s not l ess t han 70 per cent of t hi s
val ue.
6. 4. 6. 10. Wher e mor e t han one t ensi l e t est i s t aken f r om a f or gi ng t he
2
Di f f er ence i n
t ensi l e st r engt h , N/ mm
2

600 70
600 and 900 100
900 120
6. 4. 6. 11. For smal l cr ankshaf t f or gi ngs whi ch have been bat ch t est ed, t he
TCVN 7230:2003
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har dness val ues ar e t o be not l ess t han t hose gi ven i n Tabl es 6. 4. 6- 1, 6. 4. 6- 2
and t abl e 6. 4. 6- 3 as appr opr i at e.
6. 4. 7. 1. Magnet i c par t i cl e t est i ng as det ai l ed i n 6. 1. 7. 3 i s t o be ca r i ed
out on al l f or gi ngs f or cr ankshaf t s. Wher e appl i cabl e, t hi s i s t o i ncl ude al l
sur f aces whi ch have been f l ame- cut , but not subsequent l y machi ned dur i ng
manuf act ur e.
6. 4. 7. 2. The manuf act ur er i s t o car r y out an ul t r asoni c exami r nt i on of al l
f or gi ngs as det ai l ed i n 6. 1. 7. 5.

6.5. Forgings for gearing
6. 5. 1. 1. Pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s Sect i on f or car bon, car bon- manganese and
al l oy st eel f or gi ngs i nt ended f or use i n t he const r uct i on of gear i ng f or mai n
pr opul si on and f or dr i vi ng el ect r i c gener at or s.
6. 5. 1. 2. Gear wheel and r i m f or gi ngs wi t h a speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e
st r engt h not i n excess of 760 N/ mm
2
may be made i n car bon or car bon- manganese
st eel . Gear wheel or r i mf or gi ngs wher e t he speci f i ed mi ni mumt ensi l e st r engt h
i s i n excess of 760 N/ mm
2
, and al l pi ni on or pi ni on sl eeve f or gi ngs, ar e t o be
made i n a sui t abl e al l oy st eel . Speci f i cat i ons f or t he above component s and
f or qui l l shaf t s, gi vi ng chemi cal composi t i on, heat t r eat ment and mechani cal
pr oper t i es, ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
6. 5. 2. 1. St eel f or gi ngs f or gear i ng i s cl assi f i ed as r equi r ement s gi ven i n
t abl e 6. 5. 5- 1, t abl e 6. 5. 5- 2 and t abl e 6. 5. 5- 3.
6. 5. 3. 1. For car bon and car bon- manganese st eel s, t he chemi cal composi t i on of
l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng over al l l i mi t s:
Car bon: 0, 65 %max
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Manganese: 0, 3 - 1, 50 %
Cr : 0, 30 %max
Mo : 0, 15 %max
Cu : 0, 30 %max
6. 5. 3. 2. For al l oy st eel f or gi ngs, t he chemi cal composi t i on i s t o compl y wi t h
t he f ol l owi ng over al l l i mi t s:
Car bon: 0, 45 %max
Manganese: 0, 35 - 1, 0 %
Ni ckel : 3, 50 %max
Chr omi um : 3, 50 %max
Mol ybdenum: 0, 70 %max
Cu : 0, 30 %max
6. 5. 4. 1. Except as pr ovi ded i n 6. 5. 4 - 4 and 6. 5. 4 - 5, f or gi ngs may be
ei t her nor mal i zed and t emper ed or quenched and t emper ed i n accor dance wi t h t he
appr oved speci f i cat i on. The t emper i ng t emper at ur e i s t o be not l ess t han
550C.
6. 5. 4. 2. Wher e f or gi ngs ar e machi ned pr i or t o heat t r eat ment , t he al l owance
l ef t f or f i nal machi ni ng i s t o be suf f i ci ent t o r emove t he decar bur i zed
sur f ace mat er i al , t aki ng i nt o account any bendi ng or di st or t i on whi ch may
occur .
6. 5. 4. 3. When t he t eet h of a pi ni on or gear wheel ar e t o be sur f ace har dened.
i . e. car bur i zed, ni t r i ded or i nduct i on har dened, t he pr oposed speci f i cat i on
t oget her wi t h det ai l s of t he pr ocess and pr act i ce ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR
f or appr oval . For pur poses of i ni t i al appr oval , t he gear manuf act ur er i s
r equi r ed t o demonst r at e by t est t hat t he sur f ace har deni ng of t he t eet h i s
uni f or m and of t he r equi r ed dept h and t hat i t does not i mpai r t he soundness
and qual i t y of t he st eel .
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6. 5. 4. 4. Wher e i nduct i on har deni ng or ni t r i di ng i s t o be car r i ed out af t er
machi ni ng of t he gear t eet h. t he f or gi ngs ar e t o be heat t r eat ed at an
appr opr i at e st age t o a condi t i on sui t abl e f or t hi s subsequent sur f ace
har deni ng.
6. 5. 4. 5. For gi ngs f or gear s whi ch ar e t o be car bur i zed af t er f i nal machi ni ng
ar e t o be suppl i ed i n ei t her t he f ul l y anneal ed or t he nor mal i zed and t emper ed
condi t i on, sui t abl e f or subsequent machi ni ng and car bur i zi ng.
6. 5. 5. Mechani cal t est s f or t hr ough har dened, i nduct i on har dened or
ni t r l ded f or gi ngs
6. 5. 5. 1. At l east one t ensi l e t est speci men i s t o be t aken f r om each f or gi ng
i n car bon or car bon- manganese st eel , and at l east one t ensi l e and one set of
t hr ee i mpact t est speci mens f r om t he f or gi ngs i n al l oy st eel . Suf f i ci ent t est
mat er i al i s t o be pr ovi ded f or t hi s pur pose and t he t est speci mens ar e t o be
t aken as f ol l ows: :
6. 5. 5. 1. 1 For pi ni on f or gi ngs wher e t he f i ni shed di amet er of t he t oot hed
por t i on exceeds 200 mm, t est s ar e t o be t aken i n a t angent i al di r ect i on and
adj acent t o t he t oot hed por t i on ( t est posi t i on B i n Fi g. 6. 5. 5- 1. Wher e t he
di mensi ons pr ecl ude t he pr epar at i on of t est s f r om t hi s posi t i on, t est s i n a
t r ansver se di r ect i on ar e t o be t aken f r om t he end of t he j our nal ( t est
posi t i on C i n Fi g. 6. 5. 5- 1) . I f , however , t he j our nal di amet er i s 200 mm or
l ess, t est s ar e t o be t aken i n a l ongi t udi nal di r ect i on ( t est posi t i on A i n
Fi g. 6. 5. 5- 1. Wher e t he f i ni shed l engt h of t he t oot hed por t i on exceeds 1, 25 m.
t est s ar e t o be t aken f r omeach end.
6. 5. 5. 1. 2 For smal l pi ni on f or gi ngs wher e t he f i ni shed di amet er of t he
t oot hed por t i on i s 200 mm or l ess, t est s ar e t o be t aken i n a l ongi t udi nal
di r ect i on ( t est posi t i on A i n Fi g. 6. 5. 5- 1) .
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L : Lengt h of t oot hed por t i on, m
D : Di amet er of t oot hed por t i on, m
d : J our nal di amet er , m

Fig. 6.5.5-1 - Pinion
6. 5. 5. 1. 3 For gear wheel f or gi ngs. t est s ar e t o be t aken i n a t angent i al
di r ect i on ( f r omone of t he t est posi t i ons B i n Fi g. 6. 5. 5- 2) ,
VtrB
(h- ng tip tuyn)

Fig. 6.5.5-2 - Gear wheel
6. 5. 5. 1. 4 For gear wheel r i m f or gi ngs, t est s ar e t o be t aken i n a
ci r cumf er ent i al di r ect i on ( f r om one of t he t est posi t i ons A i n Fi g. 6. 5. 5- 3.
Wher e t he f i ni shed di amet er exceeds 2. 5 m or t he mass ( as heat t r eat ed but
excl udi ng t est mat er i al l exceeds 3 t onnes, t est s ar e t o be t aken f r om t wo
di amet r i cal l y opposi t e posi t i ons ( t est posi t i ons A i n Fi g. 6. 5. 5- 3) .
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VtrA
(h- ng chu vi)
VtrA
(h- ng chu vi)

Fig. 6.5.5-3 - Gear rim
6. 5. 5. 1. 5 For pi ni on sl eeve f or gi ngs, t est s ar e t o be t aken i n a
ci r cumf er ent i al di r ect i on ( f r om one of t he t est posi t i ons C i n Fi g. 6. 5. 4- 4) .
Wher e t he f i ni shed l engt h exceeds 1. 25 m, t est s ar e t o be t aken f r omeach end.

Fig. 6.5.5-4 - Pinion sleeve
6. 5. 5. 2. Smal l f or gi ngs may be bat ch t est ed pr ovi ded t hat har dness t est s ar e
car r i ed out on each f or gi ng.
6. 5. 5. 3. Tabl es 6. 5. 5- 1, 6. 5. 5- 2 and 6. 5. 5- 3 gi ve t he mi ni mum r equi r ement s
f or yi el d st r ess and el ongat i on cor r espondi ng t o di f f er ent st r engt h l evel s.
sel ect ed wi t hi n t he gener al l i mi t s det ai l ed i n t abl es 6. 5. 5- 1, 6. 5. 5- 2 and
6. 5. 5- 3
of Tabl e 6. 5. 5- 1, 6. 5. 5- 2 and 6. 5. 5- 3, appr opr i at e t o t he speci f i ed mi ni mum
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t ensi l e st r engt h. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, t he speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e
st r engt h i s t o be not l ess t han 800 N/ mm
2
f or i nduct i on har dened or ni t r i ded
gear f or gi ngs.

forgings
for gear wheel and rim forgings

St eel
t ype
( LR)
Gr ade Tensi l e
st r engt h

( 1)
,
N/ mm
2

Yi el d
st r ess,
N/ mm
2
,
Mi ni mum
El ongat i on on
5, 65 So, %,
Mi ni mum
Har dnes
s
HB
Ri ms Wheel s
car bon
and
car bon-
mangane
se
st eel
400 400 -
520
200 26 22 110 -
150
440 440 -
560
220 24 21 125 -
160
480 80 - 600 240 22 19 135 -
175
520 520 -
640
260 21 18 150 -
185
560 560 -
680
280 20 17 160 -
200
600 600 -
750
300 18 15 175 -
215
640 640 -
790
320 17 14 185 -
230
680 680 -
830
340 16 14 200 -
240
720 720 -
870
360 15 13 210 -
250
760 760 -
910
380 14 12 225 -
265
I nt er medi at e val ues may be obt ai ned by i nt er pol at i on

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Not e - ( 1) - When t he speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h exceods 700 N/ mm
2
f or gi ngs er e t o be suppl i ed onl y i n t he quenched and t emper ed condi t i on.

6. 5. 5. 6. Wher e mor e t han one t ensi l e t est i s t aken f r om a f or gi ng, t he
2

Di f f er ence i n t ensi l e st r engt h , N/ mm
2

600 70
600 v 900 100
900 120
6. 5. 5. 7. For al l oy st eel f or gi ngs, t he aver age ener gy val ues f or i mpact t est s
at ambi ent t emper at ur e ar e t o compl y wi t h t he appr upr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven
i n Tabl e 6. 5. 4- 2 or 6. 5. 4- 3. One i ndi vi dual val ue may be l ess t han t he
r equi r ed aver age val ue pr ovi ded t hat i t i s not l ess t han 70 per cent of t hi s
val ue.

forgings
for gear wheel and rim forgings- Nornalized and tempered
St eel
t ype
( LR)
Gr ade Tensi l
e
st r eng
t h,
N/ mm
2

Yi el d
st r es
s,
N/ mm
2

Mi ni m
um
El ongat i on
on
5, 65 So, %,
Mi ni mum
Mi ni mum
Har dn
ess
HB
V- not ch U- not ch
Ri ms Wheel
s
Ri ms Wheel
s
Ri ms Wheel
s
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t hp
r n
h p
ki m
t h- ng
ha v
r am

600 600-
750
330 18 16 25 20 25 22 175-
215
650 650-
800
355 17 15 20 15 22 17 190-
235
700 700-
850
380 16 14 20 15 22 17 205-
245
750 750-
900
405 15 13 18 14 20 16 215-
260
800 800-
950
430 14 12 15 12 17 15 235-
275
850 850-
1000
455 13 11 15 12 17 15 245-
290

Table 6.5.5-3 - Mechanical properties: Alloy steel forgings
for gear wheel and rim forgings- Quenched and tempered

St eel
t ype
( LR)
Gr ad
e
Tensi l e
st r engt h
( 1)
,
N/ mm
2

Yi el
d
st r e
ss
( 2)
,
N/ mm
2

Mi ni
mum
El ongat i o
n on
5, 65 So,
%,
Mi ni mum
Mi ni mum
Har dnes
s
HB
V- not ch U- not ch
A B C A B C A B C
Al l oy
st eel
f or gi ngs

Quenched
600 600- 750 420 18 1
6
1
4
41 31 24 35 29 24 175- 215
650 650- 800 450 17 1
5
1
3
32 24 22 30 24 23 190- 235
700 700- 850 480 16 1
4
1
2
32 24 22 30 24 23 205- 245
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and
t emper ed

750 750- 900 530 15 1
3
1
1
32 24 20 30 24 22 215- 260
800 800- 950 590 14 12 10 32 24 20 30 24 22 235- 275
850 850- 1000 640 13 11 9 27 22 18 26 23 20 245- 290
900 900- 1050 690 13 11 9 27 22 18 26 23 20 260- 310
950 950- 1100 750 12 10 8 25 19 16 25 21 18 275- 330
1000 1000-
1150
810 12 10 8 25 19 16 25 21 18 290- 340
1150 1050-
1200
870 11 9 7 21 15 13 23 17 15 310- 365

Not e:
( 1) For gear wheel and r i mf or gi ngs t he speci f i ed mi ni mumt ensi l e st r engt h
i s not t o exceed 850 N/ mm
2

( 2) For car bur i zed gear f or gi ngs t he r equi r ement s f or mi ni mumyi el d st r ess
and maxi mumt ensi l e st r engt h ar e not appl i cabl e.
Col umns A ar e appl i cabl e t o t est s f r omgear r i ms t o l ongi t udi nal t est s f r om
pi ni ons.
Col umns B ar e appl i cabl e t o t est s f r om gear wheel s and t o t angent i al t est s
f r ompi ni ons.
Col umns A ar e appl i cabl e t o t est s f r om pi ni on sl eeves and t o t r ansver se
t est s f r ompi ni ons.
I nt er medi at e val ues may be obt ai ned by i nt er pol at i on.
6. 5. 5. 8. Har dness t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out on al l f or gi ngs af t er
compl et i on of heat t r eat ment and pr i or t o machi nng t he gear t eet h. The
har dness i s t o be det er mi ned at f our posi t i ons equal l y spaced ar ound t he
ci r cumf er ence of t he sur f ace wher e t eet h wi l l subsequent l y be cut . Wher e t he
f i ni shed di amet er of t he t oot hed por t i on exceeds 2, 5 m, t he number of t est
posi t i ons i s t o be i ncr eased t o ei ght . Wher e t he wi dt h of a gear wheel r i m
f or gi ng exceeds 1, 25 m, t he har dness i s t o be det er mi ned at ei ght posi t i ons at
each end of t he f or gi ng.
6. 5. 5. 9. The r esul t s of al l har dness t est s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he appr opr i at e
r equi r ement s of Tabl es 6. 5. 5- 1, 6. 5. 5- 2 and 6. 5. 5- 3. The di f f er ence bet ween
t he hi ghest and l owest val ues on anyone f or gi ng i s not t o exceed t he
f ol l owi ng: :
TCVN 7230:2003
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2
Di f f er ence i n har dness
Br i nel l
600 25
600 v 900 35
900 42
6. 5. 5. 10. On ni t r i ded or i nduct i on har dened component s, har dness t est s ar e
al so t o be made on t he t eet h when sur f ace har deni ng and gr i ndi ng have been
compl et ed. The r esul t s ar e t o cl l mpl y wi t h t he appr oved speci f i cat i on.
6. 5. 6. Mechani cal t et s f or car bur i zed f or gi ngs
6. 5. 6. 1. Suf f i ci ent t est mat er i al i s t o be pr ovi ded f or pr el i mi nar y t est s at
t he f or ge and f or f i nal t est s af t er compl et i on of car bur i zi ng. For t hi s
pur pose dupl i cat e set s of t est mat er i al ar e t o be t aken f r om posi t i ons as
det ai l ed i n 6. 5. 5 - 1, except t hat , i r r espect i ve of t he di mensi ons or mass of
t he f or gi ng, t est s ar e r equi r ed f r om one posi t i on onl y, and i n t he case of
f or gi ngs wi t h i nt egr al j our nal s ar e t o be cut i n a l ongi t udi nal di r ect i on.
Thi s t est mat er i al i s t o be machi ni ng t o a di amet er of D/ 4 or 60 mm, whi chever
i s l ess, wher e D i s t he f i ni shed di amet er of t he t oot hed por t i on.
6. 5. 6. 2. For smal l f or gi ngs, wher e a syst emof bat ch t est i ng i s adopt ed, t he
t est mat er i al may be pr epar ed f r om sur pl us st eel f r om t he same cast pr ovi ded
t hat t he f or gi ng r educt i on appr oxi mat es t o t hat of t he act ual gear f or gi ngs.
6. 5. 6. 3. For pr el i mi nar y t est s at t he f or ge, one set of t est mat er i al i s t o
be gi ven a bl ank car bur i zi ng and heat t r eat ment cycl e si mul at i ng t hat whi ch
wi l l be subsequent l y appl i ed t o t he f or gi ngs.
6. 5. 6. 4. For f i nal accept ance t est s, t he second set of t est mat er i al i s t o be
bl ank car bur i zed and heat t r eat ed t oget her wi t h t he f or gi ngs whi ch i t
r epr esent s.
6. 5. 6. 5. At t he di scr et i on of t he f or gemast er or gear manuf act ur er . t est
sampl es of l ar ger cr oss- sect i on t han i n 6. 5. 6. 1 may be ei t her car bur i zed or
bl ank car bur i zed, but t hese ar e t o be machi ned t o t he r equi r ed di amet er pr i or
t o t he f i nal quenchi ng and st r ess r el i evi ng heat t r eat ment .
6. 5. 6. 6. At l east one t ensi l e and t hr ee i mpact t est speci mens ar e t o be
pr epar ed f r omeach set of t est speci mens.
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6. 5. 6. 7. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, t he speci f i ed mi ni - mumt ensi l e st r engt h i s
t o be not l ess t han 750 N/ mm
2
, and t he r esul t s of al l t ensi l e and i mpact t est s
ar e t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e 6. 5. 5- 3. For t he i mpact
t est s, one i ndi vi dual val ue may be l ess t han t he r equi r ed aver age val ue
pr ovi ded t hat i t i s not l ess t han 70 per cent of t hi s val ue.
6. 5. 7. 1. Magnet i c par t i cl e or l i qui d penet r ant t est i ng i s t o be ar r i ed out on
t he t eet h of al l sur f ace har dened f or gi ngs. Thi s exami nat i on may al so be
r equest ed on t he f i ni shed machi ned t eet h of t hr ough har dened gear f or gi ngs.
6. 5. 7. 2. The manuf act ur er i s t o car r y out an ul t r asoni c exami nat i on of al l
f or gi ngs wher e t he f i ni shed di amet er of t he sur f aces, wher e t eet h wi l l be cut ,
i s i n excess of 200 mm, and i s t o pr ovi de t he Sur veyor wi t h a si gned st at ement
t hat such i nspect i on has not r eveal ed any si gni f i cant i nt er nal def ect s.
6. 5. 7. 3. On gear f or gi ngs wher e t he t eet h have been sur f ace har dened,
addi t i onal t est pi eces may be r equi r ed t o be pr ocessed wi t h t he f or gi ngs and
subsequent l y sect i oned t o det er mi ne t he dept h of t he har dened zone. These
t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out at t he di scr et i on of t he Sur veyor , and f or
i nduct i on or car bur i zed gear i ng t he dept h of t he har dened zone i s t o be i n
accor dance wi t h t he appr oved speci f i cat i on. For ni t r i ded gear i ng, t he f ul l
dept h of t he har dened zone, i . e. dept h t o cor e har dness, i s t o be not l ess
t han 0, 5 mm and t he har dness at a dept h of 0, 25 mm i s t o be not l ess t han 500
DPN ( Har dness i ndex Vi cker s - di amond pyr ami d har dness number ) .
6.6. Steel forgings for turbines
6. 6. 1. 1. Pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s Sect i on f or f er r i t i c st eel f or gi ngs f or
t ur bi ne r ot or s, di scs and spi ndl es, t ur bi ne dr i ven gener at or r ot or s and
compr essor r ot or s.
6. 6. 1. 2. Speci f i cat i ons of al l oy st eel f or gi ngs gi vi ng t he pr oposed chemi cal
composi t i on, heat t r eat ment and mechani cal pr oper t i es ar e t o be submi t t ed t o
VR f or appr oval wi t h t he pl ans of t he component s.
6. 6. 1. 3. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use r ot or s of wel ded const r uct i on, t he
composi t i ons of t he st eel s f or t he f or gi ngs ar e t o be submi t t ed f or speci al
TCVN 7230:2003
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consi der at i on.
6. 6. 2. St eel cl assi f i cat i on
St eel f or gi ngs f or t ur bi nes ar e cl assi f i ed as r equi r ement s i n t abl e 6. 6. 6- 1
and t abl e 6. 6. 6- 2.
For gi ngs ar e t o be manuf act ur ed i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of 6. 1. 2,
except t hat f or r ot or s t he f or gi ng r educt i on i s t o be not l ess t han 2, 5 t o 1.
6. 6. 4. 1. For f or gi ngs i n car bon st eel t he chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e
sampl es i s t o compl y f ol l owi ng:
Car bon: 0, 45 %max
Si l i con: 0, 45 %max
Manganese : 0, 40 %mi n
6. 6. 4. 2. For f or gi ngs i n al l oy st eel , t he chemi cal composi t i on i s t o compl y
wi t h t he appr oved speci f i cat i on.
6. 6. 4. 3. Wher e f or gi ngs ar e i nt ended f or wel ded const r uct i on, i n gener al t he
car bon cont ent i s not t o exceed 0, 25 per cent .
6. 6. 5. 1. For gi ngs ar e t o be suppl i ed i n t he heat t r eat ed condi t i on, and t he
t her mal t r eat ment at al l st ages i s t o be such as t o avoi d t he f or mat i on of
hai r - l i ne cr acks. At a sui t abl e st age of manuf act ur e, t he f or gi ngs ar e t o be
r eheat ed above t he upper cr i t i cal poi nt t o r ef i ne t he gr ai n, cool ed i n an
appr oved manner and t hen t emper ed t o pr oduce t he desi r ed mechani cal pr oper t i es
6. 6. 5. 2. Wher e f or gi ngs r ecei ve t hei r mai n heat t r eat ment bef or e machi ni ng,
t hey ar e t o be st r ess r el i eved af t er r ough machi ni ng. For gi ngs heat t r eat ed i n
t he r ough machi ned condi t i on need not be st r ess r el i eved pr ovi ded t hat t hey
have been sl owl y cool ed f r omt he t emper i ng t emper at ur e.
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6. 6. 5. 3. The t emper i ng and st r ess r el i evi ng t emper at ur es ar e- t o be not l ess
t han 550C f or car bon and car bon- manganese st eel s, and not l ess t han 600C f or
al l oy st eel s. The hol di ng t i mes and subsequent cool i ng r at es ar e t o be such
t hat t he f or gi ng i n i t s f i nal condi t i on i s f r ee f r om har mf ul r esi dual
st r esses.
6. 6. 5. 4. Det ai l s of t he pr oposed heat t r eat ment f or r ot or s of wel ded
const r uct i on ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
6. 6. 6. 1. At l east one t ensi l e t est speci men, cut i n a l ongi t udi nai di r ect i on,
i s t o be t aken f r om each f or gi ng excl udi ng di scs. For f or gi ngs exceedi ng bot h
3 t onnes i n mass and 2 mi n l engt h, t est s ar e t o be t aken f r omeach end.
6. 6. 6. 2. For r ot or f or gi ngs of al l mai n pr opul si on machi r l er y and of
auxi l i ar y t ur bi nes exceedi ng 1100 kW, t angent i al and, wher e t he di mensi ons
per mi t , r adi al t ensi l e t est s ar e al so t o be t aken f r om t he end of t he body
cor r espondi ng t o t he t op end of t he i ngot ( see Fi g. 6. 6. 6- 1)
L
VtrC (h- ng xuyn tm)
VtrB
(h- ng tip tuyn) VtrA (h- ng dc)

Fig. 6.6.6-1 Rotor forgings
6. 6. 6. 3. For each t ur bi ne di sc, at l east one t ensi l e t est speci men i s t o be
cut i n a t angent i al di r ect i on f r ommat er i al at t he hub ( see Fi g. 6. 6. 6- 2) .
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VtrB
(h- ng tip tuyn)
VtrC
(h- ng tip tuyn ti l)

VtrC
(h- ng tip tuyn ti l)
VtrB
(h- ng tip tuyn)

Fig. 6.6.6-2 Turbine discs
6. 6. 6. 4. For t he t est s r equi r ed by 6. 6. 6. 1, 6. 6. 6. 2 and 6. 6. 6. 3, suf f i ci ent
t est mat er i al i s t o be l ef t on each f or gi ng and i s not t o be r emoved unt i l al l
heat t r eat ment , i ncl udi ng st r ess r el i evi ng, has been compl et ed.
6. 6. 6. 5. Tabl es 6. 6. 6- 1 and 6. 6. 6- 2 gi ve t he mi ni mum r equi r ement s f or yi el d
st r ess, el ongat i on and r educt i on of ar ea cor r espondi ng t o di f f er ent st r engt h
l evel s.
Table 6.6.6-1 - Mechanical properties: carbon and carbon-manganese
steel forgings for turbine Nornalized and tempered

Type of st eel s ( LR) Gr ade Tensi l e
st r engt
h,
N/ mm
2

Yi el d
st r ess
Mi ni mum
, N/ mm
2
El ongat i on on
5. 65 So, %,
Mi ni mum
Reduct i on
of ar ea, %
, Mi ni mum
A B C A B C
carbon and carbon-
manganese
steel Nornalized
400 400- 520 200 26 22 18 50 40 35
440 440- 560 220 24 21 17 50 40 35
480 480- 600 240 22 19 15 45 35 30
520 520- 640 260 21 18 14 45 35 30
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and tempered

560 560- 680 280 20 17 13 40 30 25
600 600- 720 300 18 15 12 40 30 25
Col umns A ar e appl i cabl e t o l ongi t udi nal t est s f r omr ot or and spi ndl e
f or gi ng
Col umns B ar e appl i cabl e t o t angent i al t est f r omr ot or f or gi ng
Col umns C ar e appl i cabl e t o r adi al t est s f r omr ot or f or gi ngs

Table 6.6.6-2 Mechanical properties: Alloy steel forging for turbines
Quenched and tempered and normalized and tempered

Type of st eel s
( LR)
Gr ad
e
Tensi l e
st r engt
h
( 1)
,
N/ mm
2

Yi el d
st r ess
Mi ni mum,
N/ mm
2
nor mal i z
ed and
t emper ed
0, 2 %
pr oof
st r ess
mi ni mum
, N/
mm
2
,
Quenche
d and
t emper e
d
El ongat i on
on
5. 65 So, %
, Mi ni mum
Reduct i on
of ar ea, %
, Mi ni mum
A B C A B C
Al l oy st eel
f or gi ng f or
500 500- 650 275 - 22 20 18 50 40 35
550 550- 700 300 - 20 18 16 50 40 35
600 600- 750 330 410 18 16 14 50 40 35
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t ur bi nes
Quenched and
t emper ed and
nor mal i zed and
t emper ed
650 650- 800 355 450 17 15 13 50 40 35
700 700- 850 385 490 16 14 12 45 35 30
750 750- 900 - 530 15 13 11 45 35 30
800 800- 950 - 590 14 12 10 45 35 30
850 850-
1000
- 640 13 11 9 40 30 25
900 900-
1050
- 690 13 11 9 40 30 25
950 950-
1100
- 750 12 10 8 40 30 25
1000 1000-
1150
- 810 12 10 8 40 30 25
Col umns A ar e appl i cabl e t o l ongi t udi nal t est s f r omr ot or and spi ndl e
f or gi ngs
Col umns B ar e appl i cabl e t o t angent i al t est s f r omr ot or and spi ndl e
f or gi ngs, and t o t angent i al t est s f r omdi scs t est posi t i on B i n Fi g.
6. 6. 6- 1 and 6. 6. 6- 2
Col umn C ar e appl i cabl e t o r adi al t est s f r omr ot or f or gi ngs and t o
t angent i al t est s f r omdi scs t est posi t i on C i n Fi g. 6. 6. 6- 2

Not e- ( 1) - For monobl oc r ot or f or gi ngs t he speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e
st r engt h, not t o exceed 800 N/ mm
2
.
sel ect ed wi t hi n t he gener al l i mi t s det ai l ed i n Tabl e 6. 6. 6- 1 or Tabl e 6. 6. 6- 2.
of Tabl e 6. 6. 6- 1 or Tabl e 6. 6. 6- 2 appr opr i at e t o t he speci f i ed mi ni mumt ensi l e
st r engt h. For monobl oc r ot or f or gi ngs t he speci f i ed mi ni mum t ensi l e st r engt h
i s not t o exceed 800 N/ mm
2
.
6. 6. 7. 1. The end f aces of t he body of r ot or f or gi ngs and t he end f aces of t he
boss and t he bor e sur f ace of each t ur bi ne di sc ar e t o be machi ned t o a f i ne
smoot h f i ni sh f or Vi sua1 and magnet i c par t i cl e exami nat i on.
6. 6. 7. 2. The manuf act ur er i s t o car r y out an ul t r asoni c exami nat i on of each
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f or gi ng and i s t o pr ovi de t he Sur veyor wi t h a si gned st at ement t hat such
i nspect i on has not r eveal ed any si gni f i cant i nt er nal def ect s.
6. 6. 7. 3. Rot or f or gi ngs f or pr opul si on machi ner y and f or auxi l i ar , t ur bi nes
exceedi ng 1100 kWar e t o be hol l ow bor ed f or i nt er nal exami nat i on. The sur f ace
of t he bor e i s t o have a f i ne smoot h f i ni sh and i s t o be exami ned by means of
an opt i cal i nst r ument of sui t abl e magni f i cat i on. Wher e t he bor e si ze per mi t s,
magnet i c par t i cl e exami ni i t i on i s al so t o be car r i ed out . These exami nat i ons
ar e t o be conf i r med by t he Sur veyor . Al t er nat i vel y, an appr oved met hod of
ul t r asoni c exami nat i on may be accept ed i nst ead of hol l ow bor i ng. Det ai l s of
t he pr oposed met hod of ul t r asoni c exami nat i on ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or
speci al consi der at i on.
6. 6. 8. Ther mal st abi l i t y t est s
6. 6. 8. 1. Ther mal st abi l i t y t est s af t er heat t r eat ment and r ough machi ni ng of
t he t ur bi ne r ot or s ar e t o be under t aken i n pr oper l y const r uct ed f ur naces usi ng
accur at e and r el i abl e measur i ng equi pment . Each t est i s t o be car r i ed out i n
i ccor dance wi t h t he f ol l owi ng r ecommended pr ocedur e:
6. 6. 8. 1. 1 Fi ve bands ar e t o be machi ned concent r i c wi t h t he axi s of
r ot at i on. Two of t hese ar e t o be r ef er ence bands and ar e t o be posi t i oned at
or near t he l ocat i ons of t he bear i ngs. The r emai ni ng t hr ee bands ar e t o be
t est bands l ocat ed one as near as possi bl e t o t he mi d- l engt h, and t he ot her
t wo near each end of t he body. Wher e t he l engt h of a r ot or i s such t hat f i ve
bands cannot be pr ovi ded, al t er nat i ve pr oposal s ar e t o be submi t t ed t o t he
Sur veyor f or hi s appr oval .
6. 6. 8. 1. 2 Four posi t i ons, 90
0
apar t , ar e t o be st amped A, B, C and D on t he
coupl i ng end of t he r ot or .
6. 6. 8. 1. 3 The whol e of t he body, and as much of t he shaf t at ei t her end as
wi l l i ncl ude t he posi t i ons of t he gl ands, i s t o be encl osed i n t he f ur nace. I n
t he case of a r ot or havi ng an over hung ast er n wheel , t he ast er n wheel i s al so
t o be encl osed i n t he f ur nace dur i ng t he f i r st t est .
6. 6. 8. 1. 4 The r ot or i s t o be r ot at ed at a uni f or mand ver y l ow speed
6. 6. 8. 1. 5 The def l ect i ons at al l bands ar e t o be r ecor ded at t he A, B, C and
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D posi t i ons. I ni t i al col d r eadi ngs ar e t o be t aken pr i or t o heat i ng.
6. 6. 8. 1. 6 The r ot or i s t o be heat ed uni f or ml y and sl owl y. Temper at ur es ar e
t o be r ecor ded cont i nuousl y at t he sur f cce of t he r ot or and, i f pr act i cabl e,
i n t he bor e at t he mi d- l engt h of t he body. I n no ci r cumst ances i s t he sur f ace
t emper at ur e t o exceed t he t emper at ur e at whi ch t he r ot or was t emper ed. Dur i ng
heat i ng t he r at e of r i se of t emper at ur e i s t o be such as t o avoi d excessi ve
t emper at ur e gr adi ent s i n t he r ot or .
6. 6. 8. 1. 7 The maxi mum or hol di ng t emper at ur e i s t o be not l ess t han 28C
above t he maxi mum oper at i ng t emper at ur e of t he r ot or . For t he pur poses of t he
t est , t he hol di ng per i od i s t o st ar t when t he r ot or has at t ai ned a uni f or mand
speci f i ed t emper at ur e. The r ot or i s t o be hel d under t he speci f i ed t emper at ur e
condi t i ons unt i l not l ess t han t hr ee consecut i ve hour l y r eadi ngs of
def l ect i ons show t he r adi al eccent r i ci t y t o be const ant wi t hi n 0, 006 mmon al l
t est bands.
6. 6. 8. 1. 8 The t ur bi ne r ot or i s t o be r ot at ed dur i ng cool i ng unt i l t he
t emper at ur e i s not mor e t han 100C. The r at e of cool i ng i s t o be such as t o
avoi d excessi ve t emper at ur e gr adi ent s i n t he r ot or .
6. 6. 8. 1. 9 Fi nal col d r eadi ngs ar e t o be t aken.
6. 6. 8. 2. The movement s of t he axi s of t he r ot or i n r el at i on t o t he r ef er ence
bands ar e t o be det er mi ned f r om pol ar pl ot s of t he def l ect i on r eadi ngs. The
r adi al movement of t he shaf t axi s as det er mi ned by t he di f f er ence bet ween t he
f i nal hot and t he f i nal col d movement s i s not t o exceed 0, 025 mm on anyone
band. As ver i f i cat i on t hat t est equi pment and condi t i ons ar e sat i sf act or y, i t
i s r equi r ed t hat si mi l ar det er mi nat i ons of di f f er ences bet ween i ni t i al col d
and f i nal col d movement s do not exceed 0, 025 mmon anyone band.
6. 6. 8. 3. I f t he r esul t s of t he t est on a r ot or f ai l t o meet ei t her or bot h of
t he r equi r ement s i n 6. 6. 7. 2, t he t est may be r epeat ed i f r equest ed by t he
maker and agr eed by t he Sur veyor . I n t he case of a r ot or f ai l i ng t o meet t he
r equi r ement s of a t her mal st abi l i t y t est , t he r ot or i s deemed unaccept abl e.
Pr oposal s f or t he r ect i f i cat i on of t her mal i nst abi l i t y of a r ough machi ned
r ot or ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or speci al consi der at i on.

TCVN 7230:2003
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6.7. Forging for boilers, pressure vessels and piping systems
6. 7. 1. 1. Pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s Sect i on f or car bon, car bon- manganese and
l ow al l oy st eel f or gi ngs i nt ended f or use i n t he const r uct i on of boi l er s,
pr essur e vessel s and pi pi ng syst ems i n f i xed of f shor e pl at f or m.
6. 7. 1. 2. For gi ngs used i n t he const r uct i on of equi pment f or t he cont ai nment
of l i quef i ed gases ar e t o compl y wi t h t ht r equi r ement s of 6. 8 except f or t hose
used i n pi pi ng syst ems, wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s not l ower t han 0
0
C.
For gi ngs f or ot her pr essur e vessel s and pi pi ng syst ems, wher e t he use of
st eel s wi t h guar ant eed i mpact pr oper t i es at l ow t emper at ur es i s r equi r ed ar e
al so t o compl y wi t h 6. 8.
The chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h t he appr opr i at e
r equi r ement s of Tabl e 6. 7. 2- 1.
Table 6.7.2-1 - Chemical composition
Type of
st eel
( LR)
Tensi l e
st r engt
h , N/ mm
2
Chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es %
C
max
Si Mn P
max
S
max
Al Resi dual
el ement s
Car bon
and
car bon-
manganese
st eel
410- 530 0, 20
0, 10
-
0, 40
0, 50-
1, 20
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
( 1) Ni : 0, 40 max
Cr : 0, 25 max
Mo : 0, 10 max
Cu : 0, 30 max
Tot al : 0, 80 max
460- 580 0, 23 0, 60-
1, 40
490- 610 0, 25 0, 90-
1, 70
Al l oy
st eel
Cr Mo
1Cr
2
1
Mo
410- 560 0, 20 0, 15
-
0, 40
0, 40-
0, 70
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
0, 02
0max
( 2)
0, 85-
1, 15
0, 45-
0, 65
2
4
1
Cr 1Mo
490- 640 0, 15 2, 0- 2, 5 0, 90-
1, 20

Not e:
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( 1) - Fi ne gr ai ned st eel s ar e t o cont ai n: Al umi ni um( aci d sol ubl e) 0, 015%mi n
or Al umi ni um( t ot al ) 0, 018%mi n,
( 2) - For al l oy st eel , Al umi ni um( aci d sol ubl e) 0, 020%max
6. 7. 3. 1. Car bon and car bon- manganese st eel f or gi ngs ar e t o be nor mal i zed,
nor mal i zed and t emper ed or Quenched and t emper ed.
6. 7. 3. 2. Al l oy st eel f or gi ngs ar e t o be nor mal i zed and t emper ed or Quenched
and t emper ed.
6. 7. 4. 1. Except as pr ovi ded i n 6. 7. 4. 2 and 6. 7. 4. 4, at l east one t ensi l e t est
i s t o be t aken f r om each f or gi ng and, wher e t he di mensi ons and shape al l ow,
t he t est speci men i s t o be cut i n t he l ongi t udi nal di r ect i on.
6. 7. 4. 2. On seaml ess dr ums and header s whi ch ar e i ni t i al l y f or ged wi t h open
ends t est mat er i al i s t o be pr ovi ded at each end of each f or gi ng. Wher e f or ged
wi t h one sol i d end, t est mat er i al i s t o be pr ovi ded at t he open end onl y.
Except wher e t he ends ar e t o be subsequent l y cl osed by f or gi ng, t he t est
mat er i al i s not t o be r emoved unt i l heat t r eat ment has been compl et ed. Wher e
t he ends ar e t o be cl osed, r i ngs of t est mat er i al ar e t o be cut of t pr i or t o
t he cl osi ng oper at i on and ar e t o be heat t r eat ed wi t h t he f i ni shed f or gi ng.
I n al l cases t he t est speci mens ar e t o be cut i n t he ci r cumf er ent i al
di r ect i on.
6. 7. 4. 3. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, t ensi l e t est speci mens ar e t o be t aken wi t h
t hei r axi s at appr oxi mat el y 12, 5 mmbel ow t he sur f ace of t he f or gi ng.
6. 7. 4. 4. Smal l f or gi ngs may be bat ch t est ed pr ovi ded t hat har dness t est s ar e
car r i ed out on each f or gi ng. I n such cases t he mass of each f or gi ng i s not t o
exceed 1 t onne and t hat of t he bat ch i s not t o exceed 10 t onnes.
6. 7. 4. 5. I f r equi r ed by t he Sur veyor s or by t he f abr i cat or s, t est mat er i al
may be gi ven a si mul at ed st r ess r el i evi ng heat t r eat ment pr i or t o t he
pr epar at i on of t he t est speci mens. Thi s has t o be st at ed on t he or der ,
t oget her wi t h agr eed det ai l s of t he si mul at ed heat t r eat ment and t he
mechani cal pr oper t i es whi ch can be expect ed.
6. 7. 4. 6. Except as pr ovi ded i n 6. 7. 4. 7. t he r esul t s of al l t ensi l e t est s ar e
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t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s gi ven. . i n Tabl e 6. 7. 4- 1 appr opr i at e t o t he
speci f i ed mi ni mumt ensi l e st r engt h.

Table 6.7.4-1 Mechanical properties
Type of
st eel s ( LR)
Di amet er or
equi val ent
t hi ckness,
mm
Yi el d
st r ess,
N/ mm
2

Tensi l e
st r engt h
, N/ mm
2

El ongat i on on
5. 65 So, %,
Mi ni mum
Har dnes
s, HB
Car bon and
car bon-
manganese
st eel not
speci al l y
f i ne
gr ai ned
63
215 410- 530 20 110- 155
63 250
205
63
245 460- 580 18 130- 170
63 250
235
63
265 490- 610 16 140- 180
63 250
255
Car bon and
car bon-
manganese
st eel ,
f i ne
gr ai ned
63
235 410- 530 20 110- 155
63 250
220
63
275 460- 580 18 130- 170
63 250
255
63
305 490- 610 16 140- 180
63 250
280
1Cr
2
1
Mo
100
255 410- 560 18 110- 160
2
4
1
Cr 1Mo
100
275 490- 640 18 140- 185

6. 7. 4. 7. Wher e t est s ar e t aken at a dept h gr eat er t han 12, 5 mm f r om t he
sur f ace or wher e t hey ar e t aken i n a t r ansver se di r ect i on, t he mechani cal
pr oper t i es whi ch can be expect ed ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
6. 7. 4. 8. On seaml ess dr ums and header s wher e t est s ar e t aken f r om each end,
t he var i at i on i n t ensi l e st r engt h i s not t o exceed 70 N/ mm
2
.
6. 7. 4. 9. For smal l bat ch- t est ed f or gi ngs t he har dness val ues ar e t o compl y
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wi t h t he r equi r ement s of Tabl e 6. 7. 4- 1 appr opr i at e t o t he speci f i ed mi ni mum
t ensi l e st r engt h.
6. 7. 5. 1. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed t he magnet i c par t i cl e or l i qui d penet r ant
t est i ng and ul t r asoni c exami nat i on of f or gi ngs f or accept ance pur poses i s onl y
r equi r ed when t he wal l t hi ckness exceeds 100 mm.
6. 7. 6. 1. Wher e appl i cabl e, pr essur e t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out i n accor dance
wi t h t he r equi r ement s of t he r el evant const r uct i on Rul es.
6.8. Ferritic steel forgings for low temperature service
6. 8. 1. 1. The r equi r ement s f or car bon- manganese and ni ckel st eel s sui t abl e f or
l ow t emper at ur e ser vi ce ar e det ai l ed i n t hi s Sect i on. They ar e appl i cabl e t o
al l f or gi ngs used f or t he const r uct i on of car go t anks. st or age t anks and
pr ocess pr essur e vessel s f or l i quef i ed gases and, wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e
i s l ess t han 0
0
C, t o f or gi ngs f or t he pi pi ng syst em.
6. 8. 1. 2. I n al l cases det ai l s of t he pr oposed chemi cal composi t i on, heat
t r eat ment and mechani cal pr oper t i es ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
6. 8. 2. 1. The chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es i s, i n gener al , t o compl y
wi t h t he r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e 4. 5. 2- 1.
6. 8. 3. 1. For gi ngs ar e t o be nor mal i zed, nor mal i zed and t emper ed or quenched
and t emper ed i n accor dance wi t h t he appr oved speci f i cat i on.
6. 8. 4. 1. At l east one t ensi l e and t hr ee Char py V- not ch i mpact t est speci mens
ar e t o be t aken f r om each f or gi ng or each bat ch of f or gi ngs. Wher e t he
di mensi ons and shape al l ow, t he t est speci mens ar e t o be cut i n a l ongi t udi nal
TCVN 7230:2003
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di r ect i on.
6. 8. 4. 2. The i mpact t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out at a t emper at ur e appr opr i at e
t o t he t ype of st eel and f or t he pr oposed appl i cat i on.
6. 8. 4. 3. The r esul t s of al l t ensi l e t est s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he appr oved
speci f i cat i on.
6. 8. 4. 4. The aver age ener gy val ues f or i mpact t est ' s ar e al so t o compl y wi t h
t he appr oved speci f i cat i on and gener al l y wi t h t he r equi r ement s of 4. 5. 4.
6. 8. 5. 1. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed t he magnet i c par t i cl e or l i qui d penet r ant
r equi r ed when t he wal l t hi ckness exceeds 100 mm.
6. 8. 6. 1. When appl i cabl e. pr essur e t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out i n accor dance
wi t h t he r equi r ement s of t he r el evant const r uct i on Rul es.
6.9. Austenitic stainless steel forgings
6. 9. 1. Gener al
6. 9. 1. 1. For gi ngs i n aust eni t i c st ai nl ess st eel s ar e accept abl e f or use i n
t he const r uct i on of car go t anks, st or age t anks and pi pi ng syst ems f or
chemi cal s and l i quef i ed gases. They may al so be accept ed f or el evat ed
t emper at ur e ser vi ce i n boi l er s.
6. 9. 1. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use f or gi ngs i n t hese t ypes of st eel s,
det ai l s of t he chemi cal composi t i on. heat r eat ment and mechani cal pr oper t i es
ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval . These ar e t o compl y i n gener al wi t h
t he r equi r ement s of 4. 6.
6. 9. 1. 3. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, i mpact t est s ar e not r equi r ed f or
accept ance pur poses
6. 9. 2. 1. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, t he magnet i c par t i cl e or l i qui d penet r ant
TCVN 7230:2003
129
r equi r ed when t he wel l t hi ckness exceeds 100 mm.

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7. Steel Pipes and Tubes

7.1. General
7. 1. 1. 1. Thi s Sect i on gi ves t he gener al r equi r ement s f or boi l er t ubes,
super heat er t ubes and pi pes i nt ended f or use i n t he const r uct i on of boi l er s,
pr essur e vessel s and pr essur e pi pi ng syst ems i n f i xed of f shor e pl at f or m.
7. 1. 1. 2. St eel pi pes havi ng char act er i st i cs ot her t han t hose speci f i ed i n
7. 1. 2. Cl assi f i cat i on of pi pi ng syst em.
7. 1. 2. 1. Pr essur e pi pi ng syst ems ar e di vi ded i nt o t hr ee cl asses f or t he
pur pose of assi gni ng appr opr i at e t est i ng r equi r ement s, t ypes of j oi nt s t o be
adopt ed, heat t r eat ment and wel d pr ocedur e.
7. 1. 2. 2. Dependent on t he ser vi ce f or whi ch t hey ar e i nt ended, cl ass I I and
I I I pi pes ar e not t o be used f or desi gn pr ssur e or t emper at ur e condi t i on i n
excess of t hose shown i n t abl e 7. 1. 2- 1. Wher e ei t her t he maxi mum desi gn
pr essur e or t emper at ur e exceeds t hat appl i cabl e t o cl ass I I pi pes, cl ass I
pi pes ar e t o be used.
Table 7.1.2-1 Maximum pressure and temperature conditions for class II and
III piping systems

Pi pi ng syst em Cl ass I I Cl ass I I I
Pr essur e
( Mpa)
Temper at ur e,
0
c
Pr essur e
( Mpa)
Temper at ur e,
0
c
St eam 1, 60 300 0, 70 170
Fuel oi l 1, 60 150 0, 70 60
Ot her medi a 4, 00 300 1, 60 200
7. 1. 2. 3. I n addi t i on t o t he pr essur e pi pi ng syst ems i n t abl e Tabl e 7. 1. 2- 2
, cl ass I I I pi pes may be used f or open ended pi pi ng, e. g. over f l ows, vent s,
boi l er wast e st eampi pes, open ended dr ai ns, et c.
7. 1. 3. Manuf act ur er
7. 1. 3. 1. Except f or pi pes f or Cl ass I I I pr essur e syst ems, al l pi pes and
t ubes ar e t o be manuf act ur ed and t est ed i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s
TCVN 7230:2003
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of Chapt er s 1 and 2, t he gener al r equi r ement s of t hi s Sect i on and t he
appr opr i at e speci f i c r equi r ement s gi ven i n t hi s chapt er .
7. 1. 3. 2. Pi pes f or Cl ass I I I pr essur e syst ems ar e t o be manuf act ur ed and
t est ed i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of an speci f i cat i on, whi ch i s
accept ed by VR.
7. 1. 3. 3. Pi pes f or Cl ass I and I I pr essur e syst ems. boi l er and super heat er
t ubes ar e t o be manuf act ur ed at wor ks appr oved by VR.
7. 1. 3. 4. Unl ess a par t i cul ar met hod i s r equest ed by t he pur chaser , pi pes
and t ubes may be manuf act ur ed by any of t he f ol l owi ng met hods:
7. 1. 3. 4. 1 Hot f i ni shed seaml ess
7. 1. 3. 4. 2 Col d f i ni shed seaml ess
7. 1. 3. 4. 3 El ect r i c r esi st ance or i nduct i on wel ded
7. 1. 3. 4. 4 Col d f i ni shed el ect r i c r esi st ance or i nduct i on wel ded.
7. 1. 3. 4. 5 El ect r i c f usi on wel ded
7. 1. 4. Qual i t y
7. 1. 4. 1. Al l pi pes and t ubes ar e t o have a wor kmanl i ke f i ni sh and ar e t o be
cl ean and f r ee f r om such sur f ace and i nt er nal def ect s as can be est abl i shed
by t he speci f i ed t est s.
7. 1. 4. 2. Al l pi pes and t ubes ar e t o be r easonabl y st r ai ght The ends ar e t o
be cut nomi nal l y squar e wi t h t he axi s of t he pi pe or t ube, and ar e t o be
f r ee f r omexcessi ve bur r s.
7. 1. 5. Di mensi onal t ol er ances
The t ol er ances on t he wal l t hi ckness and di amet er of pi pes and t ubes ar e t o
compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s gi ven i n t abl e 7. 1. 5- 1 and t abl e 7. 1. 5- 2.
Table 7.1.5-1 - Dimensional tolerances - tolerances on the outside
diameter(mm)

Out si de di amet er ,
Type
mm
D < 100
100 D
<160
160 D <200 D 200
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Hot f i ni shed seaml ess +0, 4
- 0, 8
+0, 4
- 1, 2
+0, 4
- 1, 8
+0, 4
- 2, 4
Out si de di amet er ,
mm
Type
D <
25
25
D
<
40
40
D
<50
50
D
<60
60
D
<80
80
D
<100
100
D
<120
120
D
<160
160
D
<200
200
D

Col d f i ni shed
seaml ess and Col d
f i ni shed el ect r i c
r esi st ance or
i nduct i on wel ded

0, 1
0

0, 1
5

0, 2
0

0, 2
5

0, 3
0

040
+0, 4
0
-
0, 60
+0, 4
0
-
0, 80
+0, 4
0
-
1, 20
+0, 4
0
-
1, 60
El ect r i c r esi st ance
or i nduct i on
wel ded, not col d
f i ni shed

0, 1
5

0, 2
0

0, 2
5

0, 3
0

0, 4
0
+0, 4
0
-
0, 60
+0, 4
0
-
0, 80
+0, 4
0
-
1, 00
+0, 4
0
-
1, 20
+0, 4
0
-
1, 60

Table 7.1.5-2 - Dimensional tolerances - tolerances on the thickness (%,
unless otherwise specified)

Type Thi ckness,
t ( mm)
Out si de
di amet er ( mm)
t <2
2
t
<2, 4
2, 4
t
<3, 8
3, 8
t
<4, 6
4, 6
t
Hot f i ni shed seaml ess D < 100 - +40
-
0
+35
- 0
+33
-
0
+28
-
0
D 100
- - +35
-
0
+33
- 0
+28
-
0
Col d f i ni shed seaml ess
and Col d f i ni shed
el ect r i c r esi st ance or
i nduct i on wel ded
D < 40 +0, 4
mm
- 0
+20
- 0
D 40
+22
- 0
El ect r i c r esi st ance or
i nduct i on wel ded, not
col d f i ni shed
D < 40 +0, 3
mm
- 0
+18
- 0
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D 40
+18
- 0
Not e For hot f i ni shed seaml ess st eel t ubes, t he t ol er ance f or devi at i on
i n wal l t hi ckness i s t o be 22, 8%and under of t he t hi ckness of t he t ube.
But f or t ubes l ess t han 5, 6 mmi n t hi ckness, t hi c not e i s not appl i ed.
The r equi r ement s f or t he chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e ampl es and accept abl e
met hods of deoxi dat i on ar e det ai l ed i n subsequent Sect i ons i n t hi s Chapt er .
Al l pi pes and t ubes ar e t o be suppl i ed i n t he condi t i on det ai l ed i n t he
r el evant speci f i c r equi r ement s.
7. 1. 8. Test material
7. 1. 8. 1. Pi pes and t ubes ar e t o be pr esent ed f or t est i n bat ches. The si ze
of a bat ch and t he number of t est s t o be per f or med ar e dependent on t he
appl i cat i on.
7. 1. 8. 2. Wher e heat t r eat ment has been car r i ed out , a bat ch i s t o consi st
of pi pes or t ubes of t he same si ze, manuf act ur ed f r omt he same t ype of st eel
and subj ect ed t o t he same f i ni shi ng t r eat ment i n a cont i nuous f ur nace, or
heat t r eat ed i n t he same f ur nace char ge i n a bat ch t ype f ur nace.
7. 1. 8. 3. Wher e no heat t r eat ment has been car r i ed out , a bat ch i s t o
consi st of pi pes or t ubes of t he same si ze manuf act ur ed by t he same met hod
f r ommat er i al of t he same t ype of st eel .
7. 1. 8. 4. For pi pes f or Cl ass I pr essur e syst ems and boi l er and super heat er
t ubes. at l east 2 per cent of t he number of l engt hs i n each bat ch i s t o be
sel ect ed at r andomf or t he pr epar at i on of t est s at ambi ent t emper at ur e.
7. 1. 8. 5. For pi pes f or Cl ass I I pr essur e syst ems, each bat ch i s t o cont ai n
not mor e t han t he number of l engt hs gi ven i n Tabl e 7. 1. 8- 1. Test s ar e t o be
car r i ed out on at l east one pi pe sel ect ed at r andomf r omeach bat ch or par t
t her eof .
Table 7.1.8-1 Maximum number in batch

Out si de di amet er , mm Number i n bat ch
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323, 9
200 pi pes as made
> 323, 9 100 pi pes as made
7. 1. 9. Dimensions of test specimens and test procedures
The pr ocedur es f or mechani cal t est s and t he di mensi ons of t he t est speci mens
ar e t o be i n accor dance wi t h Chapt er 2.
7. 1. 10. Vi sual and non- dest r uct i ve t est i ng
7. 1. 10. 1. Al l pi pes f or Cl ass I and I I pr essur e syst ems. boi l er and
super heat er t ubes ar e t o be pr esent ed f or vi sual exami nat i on and
ver i f i cat i on of di mensi ons. The manuf act ur er i s t o pr ovi de adequat e l i ght i ng
condi t i ons t o enabl e an i nt er nal and ext er nal exami nat i on of t he pi pes and
t ubes t o be car r i ed out .
7. 1. 10. 2. For wel ded pi pes and t ubes t he manuf act ur er i s t o empl oy sui t abl e
non- dest r uct i ve met hods f or t he qual i t y cont r ol of t he wel ds.
7. 1. 11. Hydr aul i c t est
7. 1. 11. 1. Each pi pe and t ube i s t o be subj ect ed t o hydr aul i c t est at t he
manuf act ur er ' s wor ks.
7. 1. 11. 2. The hydr aul i c t est pr essur e i s t o be det er mi ned f r omt he f ol l owi ng
f or mul a:
D
st 2
P ,
Wher e: P - t est pr essur e, N/ mm
2
D- nomi nal out si de di amet er , mm
t - nomi nal wal l t hi ckness, mm
s- 80 per cent of t he speci f i ed mi ni mumyi el d st r ess, i n
N/ mm
2
( kgf / mm
2
) , f or f er r i t i c st eel s and 70 per cent of t he speci f i ed mi ni mum
1, 0 per cent pr oof st r ess, i n N/ mm
2
( kgf / mm
2
) , f or aust eni t i c st eel s. These
r el at e t o t he val ues speci f i ed f or accept ance t est i ng at ambi ent
t emper at ur e.
7. 1. 11. 3. The t est pr essur e i s t o be mai nt ai ned f or suf f i ci ent t i me t o
per mi t pr oof and i nspect i on. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, t he manuf act ur er ' s
cer t i f i cat e of sat i sf act or y hydr aul i c t est wi l l be accept ed.
7. 1. 12. 1. Sur f ace i mper f ect i ons may be r emoved by gr i ndi ng pr ovi ded t hat t he
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t hi ckness of t he pi pe or t ube af t er dr essi ng i s not l ess t han t he r equi r ed
mi ni mum t hi ckness. The dr essed ar ea i s t o be bl ended i nt o t he cont our of
t he t ube.
7. 1. 12. 2. By agr eement wi t h t he Sur veyor , t he r epai r of mi nor def ect s by
wel di ng can be accept ed. Wel di ng pr ocedur es, i ncl udi ng pr eheat i ng, post wel d
heat t r eat ment and i nspect i on, ar e t o be t o t he compl et e sat i sf act i on of t he
Sur veyor . I n al l cases, t he ar ea i s t o be t est ed by magnet i c par t i cl e
exami nat i on, or , i n t he case of aust eni t i s st eel s, by l i qui d penet r ant
exami nat i on on compl et i on of wel di ng, heat t r eat ment and sur f ace gr i ndi ng.
7.2. Seamless pressure pipes
Pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s Sect i on f or seaml ess pr essur e pi pes i n car bon,
car bon- manganese and l ow al l oy st eel s.
7. 2. 2. Chemical composition
The met hod of deoxi dat i on and t he chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es ar e
t o compl y wi t h t he appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e 7. 2. 2- 1.

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Table 7.2.2-1 - Chemical composition of Seamless pressure pipes
Type of st eel
( LR)
gr ade Deoxi dat i o
n
Chemi cal composi t i on
C Si Mn S max P max Resi dual el ement s
Car bon, car bon-
manganese st eel
320 Semi -
ki l l ed or
ki l l ed
0, 16
- 0, 4-
0, 7
0, 050 0, 050 Ni : 0, 30 max
Cr : 0, 25 max
Mo: 0, 10 max
Cu: 0, 30 max
Tot al : 0, 70 max
360
0, 17
0, 35
0, 4-
0, 8
0, 045 0, 045
410 Ki l l ed
0, 21 0, 35
0, 4-
1, 2
0, 045 0, 045
460
0, 22 0, 35
0, 8-
1, 4
0, 045 0, 045
490
0, 23 0, 35
0, 8-
1, 5
0, 045 0, 045
1Cr
2
1
Mo
440 Ki l l ed 0, 10-
0, 18
0, 1-
0, 35
0, 4-
0, 7
0, 040 0, 040 Ni Cr Mo Cu Sn V Al
0, 30
max
0, 7-
1, 1
0, 45-
0, 65
0, 25
max
0, 03
max
-
0, 02
2
4
1
Cr 1Mo
410
490
Ki l l ed 0, 08-
0, 15
0, 1-
0, 5
0, 4-
0, 7
0, 040 0, 040 0, 30
max
2, 0-
2, 5
0, 90-
1, 20
0, 25
max
0, 03
max
-
0, 02
2
1
Cr
2
1
Mo
4
1
V
460 Ki l l ed 0, 10-
0, 18
0, 1-
0, 35
0, 4-
0, 7
0, 040 0, 040 0, 30
max
0, 3-
0, 6
0, 50-
0, 70
0, 25
max
0, 03
max
0, 22
-
0, 32
0, 02

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7. 2. 3. Heat treatment
Pi pes ar e t o be suppl i ed i n t he condi t i on gi ven i n Tabl e 7. 2. 3- 1.
Table 7.2.3-1 Heat treatment

Type of st eel ( LR) Heat t r eat ment
Car bon, car bon-
manganese st eel
Hot f i ni shed Hot f i ni shed
( 1)
, Nor mal i zed
( 2)
Col d f i ni shed Nor mal i zed
( 2)

Al l oy st eel
1Cr
2
1
Mo
Nor mal i zed and t emper ed
2
4
1
Cr 1Mo
gr ade
410
Ful l y anneal ed
Gr ade
490
Nor mal i zed and t emper ed 650 - 780
0
C
Gr ade
490
Nor mal i zed and t emper ed 650 - 750
0
C
2
1
Cr
2
1
Mo
4
1
V
Not e ( 1) Pr ovi ded t hat t he f i ni shi ng t emper at ur e i s suf f i ci ent l y
hi gh t o sof t en t he mat er i al
( 2) - Nor mal i zed and t emper ed at t he opt i on of t he
manuf act ur e.
7. 2. 4. Mechanical tests
7. 2. 4. 1. al l pi pes ar e t o be pr esent ed i n bat ches as def i ned i n 7. 1. 8.
7. 2. 4. 2. Each pr essur e pi pe sel ect ed f or t est i s t o be subj ect ed t o t ensi l e
and f l at t eni ng or bend t est s.
7. 2. 4. 3. The r esul t s of al l mechani cal t est s ar e t o compl y wi t h t he
appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e 7. 2. 4- 1.
Table 7.2.4-1 Mechanical properties: Seamless pressure pipes
(Maximum wall thickness 40 mm)
Type of
st eel ( LR)
Gr ad
e
Yi el d
st r ess,
N/ mm
2

Tensi l e
st r engt h
N/ mm
2

El ongat i on
on
5. 65 So, %,
Mi ni mum
Fl at t eni
ng t est
const ant
, C
Bend
t est
di amet er
f or mer
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( t -
Thi cknes
s)
Car bon,
car bon-
manganese
st eel
320 195 320- 440 25 0, 10 4t
360 215 360- 480 24 0, 10
410 235 410- 530 22 0, 08
460 265 460- 580 21 0, 07
490 285 490- 610 21 0, 07
1Cr
2
1
Mo
440 275 440- 590 22 0, 07 4t
2
4
1
Cr 1Mo
410
(
1)
135 410- 560 20 0, 07 4t
490
(
2)

275 490- 640 16
2
1
Cr
2
1
Mo
4
1
V
460 275 460- 610 15 0, 07 4t

Not e: ( 1) - Anneal ed condi t i on
( 2) - Nor mal i zed and t emper ed condi t i on

7.3. Welded pressure pipes
7. 3. 1. 1. Pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s Sect i on f or wel ded pr essur e pi pes i n
car bon, car bon- manganese and l ow al l oy st eel s.
7. 3. 1. 2. Wher e i t i s pr oposed t o use submer ged ar c l ongi t udi nal l y wel ded
pi pes, det ai l s of t he speci f i cat i on ar e t o be submi t t ed t o VR f or appr oval .
The met hod of deoxi dat i on and t he chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e sampl es ar e
t o compl y wi t h t he appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e 7. 3. 3- 1.
7. 3. 3. 1. Pi pes ar e t o be suppl i ed i n t he heat t r eat ed condi t i on gi ven i n
Tabl e 7. 3. 3- 2.

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Table 7.3.3-1 - Chemical composition of welded pressure pipes

Type of st eel
( LR)
Gr a
de
Deoxi dat i o
n
Chemi cal composi t i on
C Si Mn S max P max Resi dual el ement s
Car bon, car bon-
manganese st eel
320 Any met hod
( 1)
0, 16
- 0, 3-
0, 7
0, 050 0, 050 Ni : 0, 30 max
Cr : 0, 25 max
Mo: 0, 10 max
Cu: 0, 30 max
Tot al : 0, 70 max
360
0, 17
0, 35
0, 4-
1, 0
0, 045 0, 045
410 Ki l l ed
0, 21 0, 35
0, 4-
1, 2
0, 045 0, 045
460
0, 22 0, 35
0, 8-
1, 4
0, 045 0, 045
1Cr
2
1
Mo
440 Ki l l ed 0, 10-
0, 18
0, 1-
0, 35
0, 4-
0, 7
0, 040 0, 040 Ni Cr Mo Cu Sn V Al
0, 30
max
0, 7- 1, 1 0, 45-
0, 65
0, 25
max
0, 03
max
-
0, 02

Not e - ( 1) For r i mmi ng st eel s t he car bon cont ent may be i ncr eased t o
0, 19%max.

TCVN 7230:2003
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Table 7.3.3-2 Heat treatment
Type of st eel ( LR) Heat t r eat ment
Car bon, car bon- manganese
st eel
Nor mal i zed ( Nor mal i zed and t emper ed at t he
opt i on of t he manuf act ur e)
1Cr
2
1
Mo

7. 3. 4. 1. Al l pi pes ar e t o be pr esent ed i n bat ches as def i ned i n 7. 1. 8.
7. 3. 4. 2. Each pr essur e pi pe sel ect ed f or t est i s t o be subj ect ed t o t ensi l e
and f l at t eni ng or bend t est s.
appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e 7. 3. 4- 1.
Table 7.3.4-1 Mechanical properties: welded pressure pipes

Type of
st eel ( LR)
Gr ad
e
Yi el d
st r ess,
N/ mm
2

Tensi l e
st r engt h
N/ mm
2

El ongat i on on
5. 65 So, %, Mi ni mum
Fl at t eni ng
t est
const ant ,
C
Car bon,
car bon-
manganese
st eel
320 195 320- 440 25 0, 10
360 215 360- 480 24 0, 10
410 235 410- 530 22 0, 08
460 265 460- 580 21 0, 07
1Cr
2
1
Mo
440 275 440- 590 22 0, 07

7.4. Ferritic steel pressure pipes for low temperature service
Pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s Sect i on f or car bon, car bon- manganese and ni ckel
st eel pi pes i nt ended f or use i n t he pi pi ng ar r angement s f or l i quef i ed gases
wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s l ess t han 0
0
C. These r equi r ement s ar e al so
appl i cabl e f or ot her t ypes of pr essur e pi pi ng syst ems wher e t he use of
st eel s wi t h guar ant eed i mpact pr oper t i es at l ow t emper at ur es i s r equi r ed.
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7. 4. 2. 1. Car bon and car bon- manganese st eel pi pes ar e t o be manuf act ur ed by
a seaml ess, el ect r i c r esi st ance or i nduct i on wel di ng pr ocess.
7. 4. 2. 2. Ni ckel st eel pi pes ar e t o be manuf act ur ed by a seaml ess pr ocess.
7. 4. 2. 3. The met hod of deoxi dat i on and t he chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e
sampl es ar e t o compl y wi t h t he appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n Tabl e
7. 4. 2- 1
Table 7.4.2-1 Chemical composition

Type of
st eel
( LR)
Gr a
de
Deox
i dat
i on
Cmax Si Mn Pmax Smax Ni Resi dual
el ement s
Car bon
st eel
360 Lng
hon
t on
0, 17 0, 10-
0, 35
0, 4-
1, 0
0, 04
5
0, 04
5
- Cr :
0, 25;
Cu :
0, 30 Mo
:
0, 10 Ni
: 0, 30
Tng :
0, 70
Car bon-
manganese
st eel
410
460
0, 20 0, 10-
0, 35
0, 6-
1, 4
0, 04
5
0, 04
5
-
3
2
1
Ni
440 0, 15 0, 15-
0, 35
0, 3-
0, 9
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
3, 25-
3, 75
Cr :
0, 25;
Cu :
0, 30 Mo :
0, 10 Tng
: 0, 60
9Ni 690 0, 13 0, 15-
0, 30
0, 3-
0, 9
0, 04
0
0, 04
0
8, 50-
9, 50
7. 4. 3. 1. Pi pes ar e t o be suppl i ed i n t he condi t i on gi ven i n Tabl e 7. 4. 3- 1.
Table 7.4.3-1 - Heat treatment

Type of st eel ( LR) Nhi t l uyn
Car bon, car bon- manganese
st eel
Hot f i ni shed
Nor mal i zed
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136
3
2
1
Ni
Nor mal i zed
9Ni Doubl e Nor mal i zed and t emper ed
Quenched and t emper ed
7. 4. 4. 1. Al l pi pes ar e t o be pr esent ed f or t est i n bat ches as def i ned i n
7. 1. 8 f or Cl ass I pr essur e pi pi ng syst ems, but i n addi t i on t he mat er i al i n
each bat ch i s t o be f r omt he same cast .
7. 4. 4. 2. At l east 2 per cent of t he number of l engt hs i n bat ch i s t o be
sel ect ed at r andomf or t he pr epar at i on of t est s.
7. 4. 4. 3. Each pr essur e pi pe sel ect ed f or t est i s t o be subj ect ed t o
t ensi l e, f l at t eni ng or bend t est at r oom t emper at ur e and, wher e t he wal l
t hi ckness i s 6 mm or gr eat er , an i mpact t est at t he t est t emper at ur e
speci f i ed i n Tabl e 7. 4. 4- 1.
7. 4. 4. 4. The i mpact t est s ar e t o consi st of a set of t hr ee Char py V- not ch
t est speci mens cut i n t he l ongi t udi nal di r ect i on wi t h t he not ch
per pendi cul ar t o t he or i gi nal sur f ace of t he pi pe. The di mensi ons of t he
t est speci mens ar e t o be i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of Chapt er 2.
7. 4. 4. 5. The r esul t s of al l t ensi l e, f l at t eni ng and bend t est s ar e t o
compl y wi t h t he appr opr i at e val ues i n Tabl e 7. 4. 4- 1

Type of
st eel
( LR)
Gr ad
e
Yi el
d
st r e
ss,
N/ mm
2

Tensi l
e
st r eng
t h
N/ mm
2

El ongat i
on on
5. 65 So
, %,
Mi ni mum
Fl at t en
i ng
t est
const an
t , C
Bend
t est
di amet e
r
f or mer
( t -
Thi ckne
ss)
Char py V-
not ch i mpact
t est

Test
t emp
er at
ur e,
0
C
Aver age
ener gy,
J ,
Mi ni mum
Car bon
st eel
360 210 360-
480
24 0, 10 4t - 40 27
Car bon-
manganese
410 235 410-
530
22 0, 08 4t - 50 27
TCVN 7230:2003
137
st eel l 460 260 460-
580
21 0, 07
3
2
1
Ni
440 245 440-
590
16 0, 08 4t - 100 27
9Ni 690 510 690-
840
15 0, 08 4t - 196 39
7. 4. 4. 6. For st andar d subsi di ar y i mpact t est speci mens, t he mi ni mum ener gy
val ues ar e t o be as t abl e 7. 4. 4- 2 :

Table 7.4.4-2: Standard subsidiary impact test specimens

Requi r ed aver age ener gy
val ue f or st andar d: 10mm
x 10mm
Subsi di ar y 10mmx 7, 5mm Subsi di ar y 10mmx 5mm
Aver age ener gy Aver age ener gy
27 J 22 J 18 J
39 J 32 J 26 J

7.5. Austenitic stainless steel pressure pipes
7. 5. 1. 1. Pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s Sect i on f or aust eni t i c st ai nl ess st eel
pi pes sui t abl e f or use i n t he const r uct i on of t he pi pi ng syst ems f or
chemi cal s and f or l i quef i ed gases wher e t he desi gn t emper at ur e i s not l ess
t han - 165 C and f or bul k chemi cal t anker s.
7. 5. 1. 2. Aust eni t i c st ai nl ess st eel s ar e al so sui t abl e f or ser vi ce at
el evat ed t emper at ur es. Wher e such appl i ca- t i ons ar e pr oposed, det ai l s of
t he chemi cal composi t i on, heat t r eat ment and mechani cal pr oper t i es ar e t o be
submi t t ed f or consi der at i on and appr oval .
7. 5. 2. 1. Pi pes ar e t o be manuf act ur ed by a seaml ess or a cont i nuous
aut omat i c el ect r i c f usi on wel di ng pr ocess.
7. 5. 2. 2. Wel di ng i s t o be i n a l ongi t udi nal di r ect i on, wi t h or wi t hout t he
TCVN 7230:2003
138
addi t i on of f i l l er met al .
7. 5. 2. 3. The chemi cal composi t i on of t he l adl e sampl es i s t o compl y wi t h
t he appr opr i at e r equi r ement s of Tabl e 7. 5. 2- 1.
Table 7.5.2-1 Chemical composition
Typ
e
of
st e
el
( LR
)
Gr a
de
C
max
Si Mn Pmax Smax Cr Mo Ni Resi dual
el ement s
304
L
490 0, 03 <1, 0
0
<2, 0
0
0, 04
5
0, 03
0
17- 19 - 9, 0-
13, 0
-
316
L
490 0, 03 <1, 0
0
<2, 0
0
0, 04
5
0, 03
0
16-
18, 5
2, 0-
3, 0
11, 0-
14, 5
-
321 510 0, 08 <1, 0
0
<2, 0
0
0, 04
5
0, 03
0
17, 0-
19, 0
- 9, 0-
13, 0
5xCTi 0, 8
0
347 510 0, 08 <1, 0
0
<2, 0
0
0, 04
5
0, 03
0
17, 0-
19, 0
- 9, 0-
13, 0
10xCNb1,
00
7. 5. 3. Heat treatment
Al l pi pes ar e t o be suppl i ed i n t he sol ut i on t r eat ed condi t i on.
7. 5. 4. 1. Al l pi pes ar e t o be pr esent ed i n bat ches as def i ned i n 7. 1. 8.
7. 5. 4. 2. Each pi pe sel ect ed f or t est i s t o be subj ect ed t o t ensi l e and
f l at t eni ng or bend t est s.
7. 5. 4. 3. The r esul t s of al l mechani cal t est s ar e t o comol y wi t h t he
appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n t abl e7. 5. 4- 1.

TCVN 7230:2003
139
Type
of
st ee
l
( LR)
Gr a
de
0, 2%
Pr oof
st r ess
( 1
)
, N/ mm
2
1 Pr oof
st r ess

( 1)
,
N/ mm
2
Tensi l e
st r engt h
N/ mm
2

El ongat i on on
5. 65 So, %,
Mi ni mum
Fl at t eni
ng t est
const ant
, C
Bend t est
di amet er
f or mer
( t -
Thi ckness
)
304L 490 175 205 490- 690 30 0, 09 3t
316L 490 185 215 490- 690 30 0, 09 3t
321 510 195 235 510- 710 30 0, 09 3t
347 510 205 245 510- 710 30 0, 09 3t

Not e - ( 1) The 0, 2%pr oof st r ess val uess ar e gi ven f or unf or mat i on
pur pose and unl ess ot her wi se agr eed ar e not r equi r ed t o be ver i f i ed by
t est .
7. 5. 5. Intercrystalline corrosion test
7. 5. 5. 1. For mat er i al s used f or pi pi ng syst ems f or chemi cal s,
i nt er cr yst al l i ne cor r osi on t est s ar e t o be car r i ed out on 1 per cent of t he
number of pi pes i n each bat ch, wi t h a mi ni mumof one pi pe.
7. 5. 5. 2. For pi pes wi t h an out si de di amet er not exceedi ng 40 mm, t he t est
speci mens ar e t o consi st of a f ul l cr oss- sect i on. For l ar ger pi pes, t he t est
speci mens ar e t o be cut as ci r cumf er ent i al st r i ps of f ul l wal l t hi ckness and
havi ng a wi dt h of not l ess t han 12, 5 mm. I n bot h cases t he t ot al sur f ace
ar ea i s t o be bet ween 15 and 35 cm
2
.
7. 5. 5. 3. Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed or r equi r ed f or a par t i cul ar chemi cal
car go, t he t est i ng pr ocedur e i s t o be as f ol ows:
7. 5. 5. 3. 1 Speci mens ar e t o be heat ed t o a t emper at ur e of 70010
0
C f or 30
mi nut es, f ol l owed by a r api d cool i ng I n wat er . They ar e t hen t o be
posi t i oned on a bed of cupper t ur ni ngs ( 50 g per l i t r e of t est sol ut i on) and
i mmer sed f or 15 t o 24 hour s i n a boi l i ng sol ut i on of t he f ol l owi ng
composi t i on: 100 g copper sul phat e ( CuSO. . 5H2O) , 184 g ( 100 ml ) sul phur i c
aci d made up t o 1 l i t r e wi t h di st i l l ed wat er . Pr ecaut i ons ar e t o be t aken
dur i ng boi l i ng t o pr event concent r at i on of t he sol ut i on by evapor at i on.
7. 5. 5. 3. 2 Af t er i mmer si on, t he f ul l cr oss- sect i on t est speci mens ar e t o be
subj ect ed t o a f l at t eni ng t est i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of
TCVN 7230:2003
140
Chapt er 2. The st r i p t est speci mens ar e t o be subj ect ed t o a bend t est
t hr ough 90
0
over a mandr el of di amet er equal t o t wi ce t he t hi ckness of t he
t est speci men.

7.6. Boiler and superheater tubes
7. 6. 1. 1. Pr ovi si on i s made i n t hi s sect i on f or boi l er and super heat er t ubes
i n car bon, car bon- manganese and l ow al l oy st eel s.
7. 6. 1. 2. Aust eni t i c st ai nl ess st eel s may al so be used f or t hi s t ype of
ser vi ce. Wher e such appl i cat i ons ar e pr oposed, det ai l s of chemi cal
composi t i on, heat t r eat ment and mechani cal pr oper t i es ar e t o be submi t t ed t o
VR f or appr oval .
7. 6. 2. 1. Tubes ar e t o be seaml ess or wel ded and ar e t o be manuf act ur ed i n
accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s of 7. 2 and 7. 3.
7. 6. 2. 2. The met hod of di oxi dat i on and t he chemi cal composi t i on of l adl e
sampl es ar e t o compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s gi ven i n t abl e 7. 2. 2- 1 or t abl e
7. 3. 2- 1.
Al l t ubes ar e t o be suppl i ed i n accor dance wi t h t he r equi r ement s gi ven i n
t abl e 7. 2. 3- 1 or t abl e 7. 2. 3- 2 as appr opr i at e, except t hat 1Cr
2
1
Mo st eel
may be suppl i ed i n t he nor mal i zed onl y condi t i on when t he car bon cont ent
does not exceed 0, 15%.
7. 6. 4. 1. Tubes ar e t o be pr esent ed f or t est i n bat ches as def i ned i n 7. 1. 8.
7. 6. 4. 2. Each boi l er and super heat er t ube sel ect ed f or t est i s t o be
subj ect ed t o at l east t he f ol l owi ng: t ensi l e t est , f l at t eni ng or bendi ng
t est , expandi ng or f l angi ng t est .
appr opr i at e r equi r ement s gi ven i n t abl e 7. 6. 4- 1.
TCVN 7230:2003
141
Type of
st eel
( LR)
Gr ad
e
Yi el
d
st r e
ss,
N/ mm
2

Tensi l
e
st r eng
t h
N/ mm
2

El ongat i
on on
5. 65 So
, %,
Mi ni mum
Fl at t e
ni ng
t est
const a
nt , C
Bend
t est
di amet e
r of
f or mer
( t -
t hi ckne
ss)
Dr i f t expandi ng
and f l angi ng t est
mi ni mum, %,
i ncr ease i n
out si de di amet er
Rat i o
D
d
( 3)
0,
6
>0, 60
, 8
>0, 8
Car bon,
car bon-
mangane
se
st eel
320 195 320-
440
25 0, 10 4t 12 15 19
360 215 360-
480
24 0, 10 12 15 19
410 235 410-
530
22 0, 08 10 12 17
460 265 460-
580
21 0, 07 8 10 15
1Cr
2
1
Mo
440 275 440-
590
22 0, 07 4t 8 10 15
2
4
1
Cr 1M
o
410
( 1
)
135 410-
560
20 0, 07 4t 8 10 15
490
( 2
)
275 490-
640
16

Not e ( 1) - Anneal ed condi t i on
( 2) - Nor mal i zed and t emper ed condi t i on
( 3) - d: I nsi de di amet er ; D: Out si de di amet er .
TCVN 7230:2003
141
Appendi x A : St r uct ur al r ol l ed st eel s
( For i nf or mat i on)

A1. Plates and sections: Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, t he pl at es and sect i ons may
be sel ect ed i n t abl e A1 and t abl e A2:

Table A1 : Structural plates

Gr oup Cl ass Gr ade Yi el d st r ess Tensi l e
st r engt h
Ksi N/ mm
2
KSi N/ mm
2

I C
ASTM A36 ( Thi ck ness 50 mm)
36 250 58- 80 400- 550
ASTM A131 gr ade A( Thi ckness
12, 7 mm)
34 235 58- 71 400- 490
ASTM A285 gr ade C ( Thi ckness
19 mm)
30 205 55- 75 380- 515
B ASTM A131 gr ade B, D 34 235 58- 71 400- 490
ASTM A516 gr ade 65 35 240 65- 85 450- 585
ASTM A573 gr ade 65 35 240 65- 77 450- 530
ASTM A709 gr ade 36T2 36 250 58- 80 400- 550
A ASTM A131 gr ade CS, E 34 235 58- 71 400- 490
I I C ASTM 572 gr ade 42 ( Thi ckness
50 mm) *

42
290 60
mi n
415 mi n
ASTM 572 gr ade 50 ( 12, 7
Thi ckness 50) *
50 345 65
mi n
450 mi n
B ASTM A709 gr ade 50T2, 50T3 50 345 65
mi n
450 mi n
ASTM A131 gr ade AH 32 45. 5 315 68- 85 470- 585
ASTM A131 gr ade AH 36 51 350 71- 90 490- 620
A
API - 2H gr ade 42
gr ade 50
( Thi ckness 63, 5 mm)
gr ade 50
42 290 62- 80 430- 550
50 345 70- 90 483- 620
47 325 70- 90 480- 620
API - 2W gr ade 42 ( Thi ckness
42-
67
290- 462 62
mi n
427 mi n
TCVN 7230:2003
142
25, 4 mm)

gr ade 50

gr ade
50T( Thi ckness 25, 4 mm)

gr ade 60

42-
62
290-
427
62
mi n
427 mi n
50-
75
345-
517
65
mi n
448 mi n
50-
70
345-
483
65
mi n
448 mi n
50-
80
345-
522
70
mi n
483 mi n
50-
75
345-
517
70
mi n
483 mi n
60-
90
414-
621
75
mi n
517 mi n
60-
85
414-
586
75
mi n
517 mi n
I I A
API - 2Y gr ade 42 ( Thi ckness
25, 4 mm)

gr ade 50

gr ade
50T( Thi ckness 25, 4 mm)

42-
67
290-
462
62
mi n
427 mi n
42-
62
290-
427
62
mi n
427 mi n
50-
75
345-
517
65
mi n
448 mi n
50-
70
345-
483
65
mi n
448 mi n
50-
80
345-
572
70
mi n
483 mi n
50-
75
345-
517
70
mi n
483 mi n
I I A
ASTM A131 gr ade DH 32, EH 32
gr ade DH
36, EH 36
45. 5 315 68- 85 470- 585
51 350 71- 90 490- 620
ASTM A537 Cl ass I ( Thi ckness
63, 5 mm)
50 345 70- 90 485- 620
ASTM A633 gr ade A
gr ade C, D
42 290 63- 83 435- 570
50 345 70- 90 485- 620
ASTM A678 gr ade A 50 345 70- 90 485- 620
I I I A ASTM A537 Cl ass I I ( Thi ckness
50 mm)
60 415 80-
100
550- 690
ASTM A678 gr ade B 60 415 80-
100
550- 690
TCVN 7230:2003
143
API - 2W gr ade 60 ( Thi ckness
25, 4 mm)

60-
90
414-
621
75
mi n
517 mi n
60-
85
414-
586
75
mi n
517 mi n
API - 2Y gr ade 60 ( Thi ckness
25, 4 mm)

60-
90
414-
621
75
mi n
517 mi n
60-
85
414-
586
75
mi n
517 mi n
ASTM A710 gr ade A Cl ass
3( Thi ckness 50mm)

( Thi ckness f r om 50 t o 100 mm)

( Thi ckness 100 mm)
75 515 85 585
65 450 75 515
60 415 70 485

Table A2 : Structural sections
Gr ou
p
Cl a
ss
Gr ade Yi el d st r ess Tensi l e
st r engt h
Ksi N/ mm
2
KSi N/ mm
2

I
C
ASTM A36 ( Thi ckness 50 mm)
36 250 58- 80 400- 550
ASTM A131 gr ade A ( Thi ckness 12, 7
m)
34 235 58- 80 400- 550
B ASTM A709 gr ade 36T2 36 250 58- 80 400- 550
I I

C
ASTM A572 gr ade 42 ( Thi ckness 50
m) *
42 290 60
mi n
415 mi n
ASTM A572 gr ade 50 ( Thi ckness 50
m)
50 345 65
mi n
450 mi n
B ASTM A709 gr ade 50T2, 50T3 50 345 65
mi n
450 mi n
ASTM A131 gr ade AH 32 45, 5 315 68- 85 470- 585
ASTM A131 gr ade AH 36 51 350 71- 90 490- 620

A2. Structural steel pipe: Unl ess ot her wi se agr eed, t he mat er i al of st r uct ur al
st eel pi pe may be sel ect ed i n t abl e A3.

Table A3 - Structural steel pipe

TCVN 7230:2003
144
Gr oup Cl ass Gr ade Yi el d st r ess Tensi l e
st r engt h
Ksi N/ mm
2
KSi N/ mm
2

I C API 5L gr ade B 35 240 60
mi n
415 mi n
ASTM A53 gr ade B 35 240 60
mi n
415 mi n
ASTM A135 gr ade B 35 240 60
mi n
415 mi n
ASTM A139 gr ade B 35 240 60
mi n
415 mi n
ASTM A500 gr ade A ( r ound)

shaped)
33 230 45
mi n
310 mi n
39 270 45
mi n
310 mi n
ASTM A501 36 250 58
mi n
400 mi n
B ASTM A106 gr ade B ( nor mal i zed) 35 240 60
mi n
415 mi n
ASTM A524 gr ade I ( Thi ckness
/ 8" )
gr ade I I
Thi ckness 3/ 8")
35 240 60
mi n
415 mi n
30 205 55- 80 380- 550
A ASTM A333 gr ade 6 35 240 60
mi n
415 mi n
ASTM A334 gr ade 6 35 240 60
mi n
415 mi n
I I C API 5L gr ade 42, 2%max. col d
xpansi on
42 290 60
mi n
415 mi n
API 5L gr ade 52, 2%max. col d
xpansi on
52 360 66
mi n
455 mi n
ASTM A500 gr ade B ( r ound)

shaped)
42 290 58
mi n
400 mi n
46 320 58
mi n
400 mi n
ASTM A618 50 345 70
mi n
485 mi n
B API 5L gr ade X52 - SR5, SR6, or
R8
52 360 66
mi n
455 mi n
TCVN 7230:2003
145

A3. Steel for tubular joints

Tubul ar j oi nt s ar e subj ect ed t o l ocal st r ess concent r at i on whi ch may l ead t o
l ocal yi el di ng and pl ast i c st r ai ns at t he desi gn l oad. Dur i ng t he ser vi ce l i f e,
cycl i c l oadi ng may i ni t i at e f at i gue cr acks, maki ng addi t i onal demands on t he
duct i l i t y of t he st eel , par t i cul ar l y under dynami c l oads.
A3.1. Underwater joints:
A3. 1. 1. St eel f or j oi nt cans, whi ch i s under wat er , i s t o compl y wi t h t he
not ch t ougness cr i t er i a gi ven i n A. 3. 1. 1 at t he t emper at ur e gi ven i n t abl e A4.

Table A4 Input testing condition

D/ t Test t emper at ur e Test condi t i on
30
20
0
c bel ow LAST Fl at pl at e
20- 30 30
0
c bel ow LAST Fl at pl at e
20
10
0
c bel ow LAST As f abr i cat ed

LAST: Lowest Ant i ci pat ed Ser vi ce Temper at ur e
D: Out si de di amet er , mm
t : Wal l t hi ckness, mm
A3. 1. 2. Requi r ed ener gy val ue f or V- not ch i mpact t est speci men: 20 J f or
st eel s gr oup NS, 34 J f or st eel s gr oup HS v 47 J f or st eel gr oup EHS
( t r ansver se t est ) .
A3.2. Above water joints
For above wat er j oi nt s exposed t o l ower t emper at ur es and possi bl e i mpact f r om
boat , or cr i t i cal connect i on at any l ocat i on i n whi ch i t i s desi r ed t o pr event
al l br i t t l e f r act ur e, t he t ougher cl ass A st eel s shoul d be consi der ed, e. g. , API
Spec. 2H, gr ade 42 or gr ade 50.

A3.3. Critical joints

For cr i t i cal connect i on i nvol vi ng hi gh r est r ai nt ( i ncl udi ng adver se geomet r y,
hi gh yi el d st r engt h and/ or t hi ck sect i ons) , t hr ough t hi ckness shr i nkage st r ai ns,
and subsequent t hr ough t hi ckness t ensi l e l oad i n ser vi ce, consi der at i on shoul d
be gi ven t o t he use of st eel havi ng i mpr oved t hr ough t hi ckness ( Z- di r ect i on)
pr oper t i es, e. g. , API Spec. H, Suppl ement s S4 and S5.
TCVN 7230:2003
146

A3.4. Brace ends:

Al t hough t he br ace ends at t ubul ar connect i ons ar e al so subj ect ed t o st r ess
concent r at i on, t he condi t i ons of ser vi ce ar e not qui t e as sever e as f or j oi nt
cans. For cr i t i cal br aces, f or whi ch br i t t l e f r act ur e woul d be cat ast r ophi c,
consi der at i on shoul d be gi ven t o t he use of st ub- ends i n t he br aces havi ng t he
same cl ass as t he j oi nt - can, or one cl ass l ower . Thi s pr ovi si on need not t o
appl y t o t he body of t he br aces ( bet ween j oi nt s)

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