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DO NOT OPEN THI S TEST BOOKLET UNTI L YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
Test Booklet Series

TEST BOOKLET

Electronics & Communication- Paper

Topic Test-Material Science & Instrumentation

Time Allowed: One Hour
Maximum Marks: 100
INSTRUCTIONS
1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION YOU SHOULD
CHECK THAT THIS TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR
MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST
BOOKLET.
2. ENCODE CLEARLY THE TEST BOOKLET SERIES A, B, C, OR D AS THE CASE MAY BE IN
THE APPROPRIATE PLACE IN THE ANSWER SHEET.
3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the
Test Booklet in the Box provided alongside.
DO NOT write anything else on the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 60 items (questions). Each item comprises four responses (answers). You
will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel that there is
more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider the best. In any case, choose
ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all you responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See directions in
the Answer Sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to various items in the Test Booklet,
you have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as per instructions sent to you with your
Admission Certificate.
8. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination has
concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take
away with you the Test Booklet.
9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
10. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a
wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third (0.33) of the marks assigned to that
question will be deducted as penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one
of the given answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that
question.
(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty
for that question
DO NOT OPEN THI S TEST BOOKLET UNTI L YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO




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1. Consider the following statements about dielectric material:
1. For good dielectric material both dielectric loss and dielectric strength should have low value
2. The losses in a dielectric subject to an alternating electric field are determined by real part of the
complex dielectric constant
3. The losses in a dielectric subject to an alternating electric field are determined by imaginary part
of the complex dielectric constant
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1 & 2 (B) 2 & 3 (C) 1 & 3 (D) 1, 2 & 3
2. Consider the following statements regarding an insulating material connected to an ac signal:
1. Dielectric constant decreases with frequency of alternating field applied
2. Dielectric constant decreases with increase in temperature
3. Dielectric constant depends upon applied voltage of field applied
4. Atomic polarization decreases with increase in frequency of alternating field applied
Which of the following statement is /are correct?
(A) 1, 2 & 3 (B) 1, 3 & 4 (C) 1, 2 & 4 (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
3. Which of the following statement is not true for piezo electric transducers:
1. Piezoelectric effect is generally observed in insulators
2. Piezoelectric materials owe their property due to the presence of a centre of symmetry
3. All ferroelectric materials are piezo electric but reverse is not necessarily true
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1 & 2 (B) 2 & 3 (C) 1 & 3 (D) 1, 2 & 3
4. Consider the following statements in respect of a quartz crystal:
1. Quartz displays ferroelectric behavior
2. Quartz is used as electric oscillator and can be used for the generation and detection of ultrasonic
waves
3. Quartz crystal is formed by repeating silicate tetrahedrons.
4. Value of dielectric constant for Quartz crystal is very small and is equal to 4.5
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1, 2 & 3 (B) 2, 3 & 4 (C) 1, 3 & 4 (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
5. Which one of the following has the highest value of dielectric strength:
(A) Air (B) Cotton (C) Glass (D) Mica
6. What is value of dielectric constant for transformer oil:
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
7. The correct sequence of the following in the increasing order of the values of permittivity is
(A) Air, Vacuum, TaO
2
, Glass (B) Air, Vacuum, Glass, TaO
2

(C) Vacuum, Air, TaO
2
, Glass (D) Vacuum, Air, Glass, TaO
2

8. Consider the following statements :
An insulating material shows polarization due to charged atoms. Its polarizability
1. decreases with applied electric field
2. remains independent of temperature at a given field
3. increases with applied electric field at constant temperature



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3
Z
Y
X
a/2
a/2
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 only (C) 3 only (D) 2 and 3 only
9. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List I List II
A. Hexagonal crystal 1. a = b = c; = o = | = = 90
B. Rhombo-hedral crystal 2. a = b = c; o = | =90 = 120
C. Triclinic crystal 3. a = b = c; o = =90 = |
D. Monoclinic crystal 4. a = b = c; o = = 90 = |
Code: A B C D A B C D
(A) 1 2 3 4 (B) 2 1 4 3
(C) 1 2 4 3 (D) 2 1 3 4
10. Consider the following statements :
1. Epitaxial III-V group semiconductor compounds have Zinc blende structure
2. GaAs structure is also same as Diamond structure
3. Packing efficiency of Diamond is 68%
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1 & 2 (B) 2 & 3 (C) 1 & 3 (D) 1, 2 & 3
11. Each side of the cube shown above is of length a. What are the Miller indices of the shaded surface:






(A) (100) (B) (123) (C) (221) (D) (121)
12. Which of the following solid has metallic bond :
(A) Solid Argon (B) Copper (C) Silicon (D) NaCl
13. Consider the following statements about Graphite:
1. Structure of graphite is Hexagonal but not HCP structure because there is no atom at the centre
2. Graphite is hard
3. Graphite is type of conductor
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1 & 2 (B) 2 & 3 (C) 1 & 3 (D) 1, 2 & 3
14. Consider the following statements about super conductor :
1. It is perfect conductive material
2. It is perfect diamagnetic material
3. It has magnetic susceptibility equal to -1
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1 & 2 (B) 2 & 3 (C) 1 & 3 (D) 1, 2 & 3





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H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
T
C
T
C
T
C
T
C
T T
T T
15. Which of the following is not the property of type-I superconductor:
(A) It is a conductor of infinite conductivity at all temperatures.
(B) It is conductor with very large conductivity below a critical temperature.
(C) It is a material showing susceptibility as 1 below critical temperature
(D) It is a perfect conductor having conductivity drastically reduced by a critical current.
16. Which of the following statement is not true about super conductors:
(A) Entropy, free energy &specific heat increases on going from super conductors to normal
conductors
(B) A type I superconductor maintained at a temperature T < T
c
is subjected to a magnetic field H <
H
c
then superconductor will exhibit perfect diamagnetism
(C) Due to presence of external magnetic field transition temperature is decreased in case of super
conductor
(D) Superconductivity is lost in long circular wire by presence of large currents.
17. An intense magnetic field is to be produced by a superconducting coil. which one of the following is
essential?
(A) The critical temperature T
c
must be high so that heating of the coil does not raise the
temperature above T
c

(B) The magnetic field produced by the current should be less than the critical field
(C) The material should be pure so that its high conductivity allows more current to flow through
the coil
(D) Type I materials should be used so that superconductivity exists below a sharply defined critical
field
18. Which one of the following correctly represents the variation of critical magnetic field (H
c
) with
temperature for a superconductor ?
(A) (B)





(C) (D)













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19. Match List I (Material) with List II (Superconducting transition temperature) and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I List II
a. Sn 1. 23 K
b. Nb
3
Ge 2. 4 K
c. Y-Ba-Cu oxide 3. 125 K
d. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide 4. 90 K
Codes: A B C D A B C D
(A) 2 1 4 3 (B) 1 2 4 3
(C) 1 2 3 4 (D) 2 1 3 4
20. Soft iron is used in the manufacture of electromagnets because of its:
1. High saturation magnetization
2. Low coercive field only
3. Low retentivity
Which of these statements are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3 (C) 1 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
21. This of the following is not correct about magnetostriction:
(A) Change in physical dimensions of ferromagnetic materials during magnetization
(B) Change in permeability of ferromagnetic materials during magnetization
(C) Magnetostriction is a phenomenon whereby the magnetization of a ferromagnetic material lead
to a change in physical dimensions
(D) Inverse effect of magnetostriction is called as Vellari effect
22. Ferromagnetic behavior is shown by those transition metals where the ratio of the atomic diameter to
3d orbital diameter is:
(A) In the range of 0.5 to 1 (B) In the range of 1 to 1.5
(C) In the range of 1.5 (D) Greater than 2
23. Match List I (Magnetic materials) with List II (Main applications) and select the correct answer
using the codes given below the lists:
List I List II
(Magnetic materials) (Main applications)
a. Ni-Zn ferrite 1. Recording head
b. Co-Sn alloy 2. Permanent magnets
c. Yttrium Iron Garnet 3. Audio and TV transformers
d. Mg-Zn ferrite 4. Memory cores
5. Microwave isolators
Codes: A B C D A B C D
(A) 3 4 5 2 (B) 1 2 3 4
(C) 3 2 5 4 (D) 1 4 3 2
24. The total iron loss in a transformer core at normal flux density was measured at 25 Hz and at50 Hz
and was found to be 250 W and 800 W respectively. The hysteresis loss at 50 Hz would be:
(A) 100 W (B) 150 W (C) 200 W (D) 600 W




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25. The magnetic moment in units of Bohr magneton of a Ferric ion in any ferrite is
(A) zero (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5
26. For a permanent magnetic material
(A) the residual induction and the coercive field should be large
(B) the residual induction and the coercive field should be small
(C) the area of hysteresis loop should be small
(D) the initial relative permeability should be large
27. Ferrites are the materials which have
(A) Low permeability and low dielectric loss (B) Low permeability and high dielectric loss
(C) High permeability and low dielectric loss (D) High permeability and high dielectric loss
28. Wire wound resistors are used when:
(A) Low power rating is needed (B) High power rating is needed
(C) Moderate power rating is needed (D) None
29. Paper capacitor is used for :
(A) High Voltage and high current (B) High Voltage and low current
(C) Low Voltage and high current (D) Low Voltage and low current
30. This of the following statement is not correct about Electrolyte capacitor:
(A) They have smallest volume & cost for a given capacitor and are used when large value of
capacitance is required in small volume.
(B) In polarized electrolyte capacitor a plus or minus sign is printed near one of two leads and are
generally used in D.C only
(C) In Non polarized electrolyte capacitor there are two oxide coated anodes and are used in A.C
Motor
(D) For same voltage rating Non polarized capacitor has twice the value of polarized capacitor.
31. Which of the following statement/s is/are true for Electrolytic capacitor:
1. Out of all capacitor Electrolytic capacitor has the maximum value of capacitance per unit volume
2. Electrolytic capacitors have capacitance values from few F to high F
(A) Only 1 (B) Only 2 (C) Both 1 & 2 (D) None
32. Consider the following statements:
If the temperature is increased the resistivity of a metal increases because of:
1. Decrease in carrier concentration & increase in density of impurity.
2. Electron-lattice scattering increases with temperature.
3. Electron mobility increases with temperature.
Of these statements:
(A) 1, 2 and 3 are correct (B) 2 alone is correct
(C) 1 alone is correct (D) 2 and 3 are correct
33. Ionic crystals are:
(A) hard and brittle (B) soft and elastic
(C) hard and corrosive (D) soft and inflammable






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34. The residual resistivity of metals:
(A) is essentially independent of temperature
(B) Increases linearly with increasing temperature
(C) Decreases linearly with increasing temperature
(D) Initially increases linearly with temperature and then remains constant.
35. Match List I (Type of Capacitor) with List II (Characteristic) and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the Lists :
List I List II
(Type of Capacitor) (Characteristic)
A. Paper 1. Low volume for large capacitance
B. Mica dielectric 2. Inexpensive
C. Ceramic dielectric 3. Suitable for RF bypass
D. Electrolytic 4. Long-term stability
Codes: A B C D A B C D
(A) 3 1 2 4 (B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 2 4 3 1 (D) 3 4 2 1
36. Which of the following statements are correct about Thermocouple:
1. It is active transducer 2. These are less accurate 3. It has low value of output
(A) 1 & 2 (B) 2 & 3 (C) 1 & 3 (D) 1, 2 & 3
37. Which of the following statements are correct about Thermister:
1. It is active transducer 2. These are more accurate 3. It has high value of output
(A) 1 & 2 (B) 2 & 3 (C) 1 & 3 (D) 1, 2 & 3
38. Which of the following is not correct about hot wire instrument:
(A) It reads D.C value of current (B) It reads R.M.S value of current
(C) It measures value of current at high frequency (D) It has high power consumption
39. Consider the following statement about PMMC
1. It reads DC value 2. It is most accurate method for D.C
3. It uses Electromagnetic damping 4. It uses Non uniform scale
Which of the following statements are correct :
(A) 1, 2 & 3 (B) 2, 3 & 4 (C) 1, 3 & 4 (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
40. 1 mA G.M with an internal resistance of 100 ohm is to be converted into 0-100 mA what is the value
of shunt resistance required for this conversion:
(A) 0.90 ohm (B) 1.01 ohm (C) 1.01 Kohm (D) 0.90 K ohm
41. Which of the following statements is not correct about Megger:
(A) It is based upon principle of ratio meter
(B) It is used for measurement of insulating resistance
(C) It is used for calculation of low value of resistance
(D) It is used for calculation of high value of resistance






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Z
1
Z
3
Z
4
Z
2
42. Which of the following is not true about CRO
(A) It has input impedance of the order of 1 M ohm
(B) CRO uses electrostatic focusing method
(C) CRO uses electromagnet focusing method
(D) Time base circuit is saw tooth voltage in case of CRO
43. An average response rectifier type electronic voltmeter has a d.c. voltage of 10 V applied to it. What
is the meter reading ?
(A) 7.1 V (B) 10 V (C) 11.1 V (D) 22.2 V
44. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List I (Transducers) List II (Type of transducer)
A. L.V.D.T. 1. Resistive
B. Strain Gauge 2. Inductive
C. Dielectric Gauge 3. Capacitive
D. Thermocouple 4. Self generating
Code : A B C D A B C D
(A) 2 3 1 4 (B) 4 3 1 2
(C) 2 1 3 4 (D) 4 1 3 2
45. The ac bridge shown in the figure is balanced if
1 2
100 30 , 150 Z Z = Z =
3
0 , 250 40 Z Z = Z and
Z
4
is equal to








(A) 375 Z70 (B) 375 Z70 (C) 150 Z0 (D) 150 Z20
46. Match List-I (Measuring bridge) with List-II (Application) and select the correct answer using codes
given below the lists:
List-I List-II
(Measuring bridge) (Application)
A. Kelvin Double Bridge 1. Capacitance
B. Wien Bridge 2. Self inductance
C. Schering Bridge 3. Frequency
D. Maxwells Bridge 4. Low resistance
Codes : A B C D A B C D
(A) 4 2 1 3 (B) 1 3 4 2
(C) 4 3 1 2 (D) 1 2 4 3





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C
b
R
b
R
C
R
a
R
d
L
d
47. A 0-150 V voltmeter has an accuracy of 1% of full-scale reading. The voltage measured by this
instrument is 75V. The limiting error is
(A) 1% (B) 2% (C) 2.5% (D) 3%
48. Which one of the following is the best definition of accuracy?
(A) It is the measure of consistency or reproducibility of measurements
(B) It is the ratio of the change in output signal to the change in input signal
(C) It is the smallest change in measurable input
(D) It is the closeness with which an instrument reading approaches the true value of the quantity
being measured
49. While measuring the phase difference between the signals
1
v ( ) 10sin t t = e and
( )
2
v ( ) 10sin t t = e +| , the Lissajous pattern observed on CRO was a circle. The value of | is
(A) zero (B)
4
t
(C)
2
t
(D) t
50. For the ac bridge circuit shown in the figure at balance, the value of R
d
, L
d
and Q
d
will be
respectively :
(A)
a a c
b b b
c b
R R R
R ; ; C R
R C
(B)
b a c
c b b
a b
R R R
R ; ; C R
R C

(C)
b
c a c b b c
a
R
R ; R R C ; C R
R
(D)
a
c a c b b b
b
R
R ; R R C ; C R
R

51. Wagners earth devices are used in ac bridge circuits to
(A) eliminate the effect of earth capacitance
(B) eliminate the effect of inter-component capacitance
(C) eliminate the effect of stray electrostatic fields
(D) shield the bridge elements
52. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :
List-I (Term) List-II (Statement)
A. Relative error 1. The ability of the device to give identical output when repeat
measurements are made with the same input signal
B. Precision 2. The ratio of difference between measured value and the true
value to the true value of the measured
C. Calibration 3. The smallest increment in measured that can be detected with
certainty by the instrument
D. Resolution 4. The process of making adjustments on the scale so that the
instrument readings conform to an accepted standard
Codes : A B C D A B C D
(A) 2 3 4 1 (B) 4 1 2 3
(C) 4 3 2 1 (D) 2 1 4 3
53. Two capacitances C
1
= 150 2.4 F & C
2
= 120 1.5 F connected in parallel. What is limiting
error of the resultant capacitance C ?
(A) 0.9 F (B) 1.95 F (C) 3.9 F (D) 4.8 F



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54. Which of the following is not the indirect method for measurement of flow
(A) Orfice tube (B) Venturi tube (C) Rotameter (D) Hot wire anemometer
55. Output of LVDT is connected to a 5V meter through an amplifier whose amplification factor is 250
if an output of 2 mV appears across terminals of LVDT when core moves through a distance of 0.5
mm then sensitivity of LVDT and whole set up are respectively:
(A) 4 mV/mm,1000mV/mm (B) 40 mV/mm,1000mV/mm
(C) 40 mV/mm,100mV/mm (D) 4 mV/mm,100mV/mm
56. It is found that 10 A current passes through a resistor of 10 ohms value. The resistor has 5%
tolerance. The error in measurement of current can be as high as 5%. What is the maximum error in
measurement of power, calculated from the measured value of I and the nominal value of resistor ?
(A) 100 W (B) 150 W (C) 50 W (D) 200 W
57. The full-scale deflection current of a meter is 1 mA and its internal resistance is 100 ohms. This
meter is to have full deflection when 100 V is measured. What is the value of series resistor to be
used ?
(A) 99.90 k ohms (B) 100 k ohms (C) 99.99 ohms (D) 100 ohms
58. A meter has a full-scale angle of 90 at a current of 1 A. This meter has perfect square-law response.
What is the current when the deflection angle is 45 ?
(A) 0.5 A (B) 0.25 A (C) 0.707 A (D) 0.67 A
59. A CRO can display
(A) a.c. signals (B) d.c. signals
(C) both a.c. and d.c. signals (D) time-invariant signals
60. An instrument to be used for measurement and control should preferably have
(A) dead zone and dead time (B) linear output and fast response
(C) non-linear output (D) a highly damped response




















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11
Engineering Service Examination -2014

SI No.


Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
PAPER Material Science & Instrumentation
(Conventional)

Time allotted: 90 Minute Maximum marks: 100
INSTRUCTIONS
Candidates should attempt Question No. 1 which is compulsory and remaining FOUR from questions taking
two each from section-A and Section-B. The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the
end of the question. Answers must be written only in English. Assume suitable data if found necessary and
indicate the same clearly. Values of the following constants may be used wherever necessary:

Electronic charge = 1.6 10
9
Coulomb
Free space permeability = 4t 10
7
Henry /m.
Free space permittivity =
9
1
10
36t

| |

|
\ .
Farad/m.
Velocity of light in free space = 3 10
8
m/ sec.
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 10
23
joule /K.
Planck constant = 6.626 10
34
joule-sec.

Important: Candidates are to note that all parts and sub parts of a question are to be attempted
continuously in answer book. That is all parts and sub parts of a question being attempted must be
completed before attempting the next question.

Any page left blank in answer book must be clearly struck out. Answers that follow pages left blank
may not be given credit.
















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1. (a) Explain Meissner effect in super conductor and explain their main applications (5)
(b) Write down important characteristics of hard and soft magnetic materials (5)
(c) Define accuracy, precision, absolute error and relative accuracy of a measurement. A resistor
of value 4.7 K is read as 4.65 Kohms in a measurement. Calculate (i) absolute error, (ii) % errors
and (iii) accuracy (5)
(d) You are given a (0-1) m A meter with an internal resistance of 5 O. How would you extend its
range to 10 mA? (5)

SECTION-A

2. (a) For a dielectric, establish an expression for the relationship between the polarizability and
permittivity. How does this relation lead to Clausius-Mosotti equation? (10)
(b) A dielectric material contains 210
9
polar molecules / m
3
, each of dipole moment 1.8 10
27
C
m. Assuming that all the dipoles are aligned in the direction of the electric field E = 10
5
a
x
V/m,
find the polarization, the electric susceptibility and the relative permittivity (10)
3. (a) Draw sketches illustrating a (100) plane, a (110) plane, and a (111) plane in a cubic unit cell.
How many equivalent (100) planes are there in a cubic crystal ? A material has a face-centred
cubic structure with an ionic radius of 1.06 A. Calculate the inter planar separation for (111)
planes. (10)
(b) What are ferroelectric materials ? What advantages do they have over conventional dielectric
materials ? (5)
(c) Explain Piezo electric material and write down applications (5)
4. (a) What are paramagnetic materials and how magnetization is generated and also derive formula for
susceptibility in case of paramagnetic material (10)
(b) Explain variation of resistivity in metals (5)
(c) What is packing efficiency of diamond (5)


SECTION-B

5. (a) Explain 3-bit Fast ADC (10)
(b) With appropriate circuit diagram, outline the theory of Maxwell bridge for the measurement of
an unknown inductance. (10)
6. (a) Define gage factor for a strain gage and derive an expression for it. (10)
(b) Explain the significance of piezo-resistivity in the expression (5)
(c) Explain briefly about sensitivity and loading effect of a voltmeter. (5)








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13
5V G
+

7. (a) A wheat stone bridge circuit has resistances as shown below. If a galvanometer, having 50 O of
internal resistance is used for null detection find the offset current for the values of resistances
shown. (10)






(b) Explain, using a heat block schematic, why delay lines are used in the vertical deflection circuit
of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). Name at least two types of delay lines used in a CRO (10)

































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14
Instrumentation & Material Science: Solution-Topic Test-6
1. (C)
r r r
' j " Tells about losses c = c c
Loss tangent
"
r
r
tan
c
o =
c

Loss is by imaginary part and not by real part.
2. (C) ( )
2
p
e i
Np E
P N E
3kT
= o +o +

( ) ( )
( )
2
p
0 r e i
2
p
r e i
0 0
Np
1 E N E .E
3kT
Np
N
1
3kT
c c = o +o +
c = o +o +
c c

Dielectric constant is independent of applied voltage.
3. (A) All piezoelectric are not ferroelectric & pyroelectric
Centre of Symmetry :

O O
O O
O O

4. (B) Quartz is not a ferroelectric material but is piezo electric material.
5. (D) Air: 3KV/mm
Cotton: (3-4) KV/mm
Glass: (10-40) KV/mm
Mica: (50-200) KV/mm
6. (B) Dielectric constant of transformer oil is 4
7. (D)
8. (C) Polarization increases with increase in electric field
9. (D) 1. Cubic a b c = = 90 o =| = =
2. Tetragonal a b c = = 90 o =| = =
3. Orthorhombic a b c = = 90 o =| = =
4. Trigonal rhombo a b c = = 90 o =| = =
5. Hexagonal a b c = =
0
90 , 120 o =| = =
6. Mono clinic a b c = = 90 o = = = |
7. Triclinic 90 o = | = = a b c = =
10. (D)
11. (C)
12. (B) Copper has metallic bond
13. (C) Graphite is a semiconductor/conductor and it is soft
14. (B) It is not a perfect conductor
15. (A) External magnetic field



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15
1 > I
C
If H < H
C
or T < T
C

Then the material will behave like superconducting state.
For that or 0 o = =
For Superconductor
m
M
1
H
= = _
16. (C) ( ) ( )
2
C C
C
T
H T H 0 1
T
(
| |
( =
|
(
\ .


as ( )
C
H t |

( )
( )
C
C
T
T
T
+
|

C
H H >
Material will be in normal state.
17. (B)
18. (D) ( ) ( )
2
C C
C
T
H T H 0 1
T
(
| |
( =
|
(
\ .


So It is a parabolic graph.
19. (A)
20. (D)
21. (B) Magnetostriction means change in physical dimension and not change in permeability
22. (C)
23. (A)
24. (C) Eddy current loss
2
f
Hysteresis loss
2
f applied voltage

c h
c h
25Hz 250
50Hz 4 2 800
e +e =
e + e =


h h
c
c
100 2 200
150 at 25Hz
4 600 at 50Hz
e = e =
e =
e =

25. (D) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 6 2 6 5
Fe 26 Fe 23 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d
+

26. (A)
27. (C)
28. (B)
29. (A)
30. (D) Electrolytic Capacitance:
These capacitors have smallest volume & cost for a given capacitance these are generally used when
a large value of capacitance is required due to this reason only they are used as power supply in
filter.



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16
() (+)
Dielectric
R
T
Their range is from (0.1 to 1 F) few F to high F these are the available capacitor having highest
value.
This is of two types:
1. Polarised electrolytic capacitor
2. Unpolarised electrolytic capacitor.
In polarized capacitor (ve) and (+ve) are applied at lower and higher voltage respectively.
Polarised electrolytic capacitors are generally used in d.c. In non polarized polarity are not fixed.
These are generally used in A.C. system
Value of capacitance for non-polarized capacitor is just half of polarized capacitor for same voltage
reading.
31. (C)
32. (B)
33. (A)
34. (A)
35. (C)
36. (D) Thermo Couple
It is active transducer
It can measure temperature upto 1400C
37. (B) Thermister:
ve temperature Co-efficient
Passive
High value of o/p
Highly sensitive
Temperature range is 60 to 15C
In thermister characteristics between temperature & resistor is non Linear.
38. (A) Hot Wire always reads RMS value of current
39. (A) PMMC
It is basically uses a uniform scale
i.e. I u
It always reads DC value
It uses electromagnetic damping
40. (B)
41. (C) Megger calculates high value of resistance
42. (C)
43. (C) In half wave rectifier : Multiplied by 2.22
In Full wave rectifier : Multiplied by 1.11
44. (C)
45. (B)
46. (C)
47. (B) Limiting error
150
1% 2%
75
= =



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17
48. (D)
49. (C)
50. (D)
1 2
L
R R
C
=

L
& R
C
=
51. (A) Wagners Earth device
It eliminates effect of stray capacitance in a bridge
Also eliminate all earth capacitance from bridge.
52. (D)
53. (C)
54. (D)
55. (A)
Voltage
Sensitivity of LVDT
Distance
=

2mV
4mV/mm
0.5mm
= =
Sensitivity of whole setup = 4 250 1000mV/mm =
56. (B)
57. (A)
58. (C)
59. (C)
60. (B)