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=
KT h
e c
h
T B
) 1 (
2
) (
/ 5
2
=
T K hc
e
hc
T B
Ste"an/Bolt+man 5a*
d T B T B ) ( ) (
0
=
4
) ( T T B =
6 7$89 - :;
/7
er# cm
/0
de#
/<
.ien4s Displacement 5a*
0
) (
=
T B
T a
m
/ =
A =
'Thermod&namic equili%rium(
1 = =
A
'Blac! %od&(
1 < =
A
'=ra& %od&(
Radiati,e Trans"er Equation
ds I k dI
=
ds j dI
=
ds j ds I k dI
+ =
k j J /
J I
ds k
dI
+ =
I
ds k
dI
=
2
1
1
) exp ) 0 ( ) (
s
s
ds k I s I
) , ; ( ) , ; (
) , ; (
cos
z J z I
ds k
z dI
+ =
z
dz k
) , ; ( ) , ; (
) , ; (
J I
d
dI
+ =
This is the %asic equation "or the
radiation trans"er in a plane parallel
atmosphere$
The inte#ration "rom to 6
:
the up*ard
intensit& '>;( at le,el can %e e,aluated$
The inte#ration "rom 6; to
the do*n*ard
intensit& '?;( at le,el can %e e,aluated$
Computation o" @eatin# Rates
The importance o" the a%sorption o" solar
radiation %& ,arious #ases is the #eneration
o" heatin# in the atmosphere$
Consider a plane parallel a%sor%in# and
scatterin# atmosphere illuminated %& the
solar spectral irradiance F
;
*ith a solar
+enith an#le o"
;
$ The do*n*ard "lu- densit&
normal to the top o" the atmosphere is F
;
cos
;
$ 5et the di""erntial thic!ness *ithin the
atmosphere is + and let the spectral up*ard
and do*n*ard "lu- densities centered at
*a,elen#th %e denoted %& F
and F
respecti,el&$
The net "lu- densit& 'do*n*ard( at hei#ht
+ is #i,en %&
F
'+( 6 F
/ F
) (
*here is the air densit& in the la&er C
p
the
speci"ic heat at constant pressure and t is the
time$ The heatin# rate "or a di""erential la&er
+ is
z
z F
C t
T
p
) ( 1
) (