Bridging Layer

Fill
Embankment
Fill #2 Preload
Layer Thickness, H (ft) 3.5 4.5 0.0
Total Unit Weight, g (pcf) 135 115 110
Friction Angle, f (deg) 38 30 N/A
Young's Modulus, E (psf) 750,000 300,000 N/A
Poisson's Ratio, n 0.30 0.33 N/A
Pavement plus Traffic Surcharge Pressure, q (psf) 300
Time Available for Consolidation, t (days) 60
Allowable Post-Construction Settlement, S
A
(in.) 2.0
Depth to Groundwater, d
w
(ft) 3.0
Unit Weight of Groundwater, g
w
(pcf) 62.4
Exist Sand #1 Exist Sand #2 Clay #1 Clay #2
Layer Thickness, H (ft) 3.0 0.0 20.0 0.0
Total Unit Weight, g (pcf) 125 125 100 100
Young's Modulus, E (psf) 250,000 250,000 N/A N/A
Poisson's Ratio, n 0.33 0.30 0.35 0.35
Lat. Earth Press. Coeff., K
0
0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60
Interface Frict. Angle btwn Soil and Column, d (deg) 32 32 24 24
Compression Ratio, C
e c
N/A N/A 0.220 0.220
Recompression Ratio, C
e r
N/A N/A 0.022 0.022
Coeff. of Consol., c
v
(ft
2
/day) N/A N/A
Initial Eff. Vert. Stress at Top of Layer, s '
v,top
(psf) N/A N/A 375 1127
Preconsol. Press. at Top of Layer, p
p,top
(psf) N/A N/A 375 1127
Initial Eff. Vert. Stress at Bottom of Layer, s '
v,bot
(psf) N/A N/A 1127 1127
Preconsol. Press. At Bottom of Layer, p
p,bot
(psf) N/A N/A 1127 1127
Reduction in Required Bridging Layer Thickness, H
b,red
(ft) 1.0
Geogrid Stiffness, J (lb/ft) 48,000
Long-term, In-Service, Allowable Geogrid Strength, S
g
(lb/ft) 2,000
Pile Cap Column
Vertical Distance from Top to Bottom of Element, H (ft) 0.0 23.0
Column Shape (use R for round and S for square) R R
Column Diameter or Width, d
c
or a (ft) 3.0 3.0
Young's Modulus, E (psf) 6,500,000 6,500,000
Poisson's Ratio, n 0.30 0.30
Center-to-center spacing, s (ft)
Value Criterion
Clear Spacing, s - a (ft) 4.3 5.7
Area Replacement Ratio at Ground Surface, a
s
0.144 0.10
Bridging Layer Thickness, H
b
(ft) 3.5 3.3
Maximum differential settlement of geogrid, d (in.) 6.4 N/A
Geosynthetic Strain, e
g
0.039 0.05
Tension in the Geosynthetic Reinforcement, T
g
(lb/ft) 1,872 2,000
Post-Construction Embankment Settlement, S (in.) 1.8 2.0
GeogridBridge1.0 analyzes column-supported embankments with geosynthetic-reinforced bridging layers.
The complete report by Filz and Smith (2006), plus all spreadsheet comments, should be read before using this workbook.
Provide the input data in the cells with red text. The cells in blue text are the calculated results based on the input data.
Definition sketches are provided in Figs. 1 through 5, which are located to the right.
Project name, description, date, etc.
7.0
0.10
Guidance information for material property values is provided in the pdf document to the right.
After providing all the proper input data, use the "Solve" button located at Cell B62.
Spreadsheet for calculating SRRnet and embankment settlement under the influence of the preload.
SRRest = 0.649
SRRlimit = 0.649 <-- Terzaghi with K = 0.75
Embank #1 Embank #2 SRRemb = 0.649 alpha1 = 0.132 ft^-1
thickness = 3.5 4.5 ft gam = 62.4 pcf Elev Area Perimeter E sig,soil = 642.9 psf alpha2 = 0.097 ft^-1
gam = 135 115 pcf dw = 3 ft (ft) (ft^2) (ft) as (psf) nu sig,col = 3049.3 psf
E = 750,000 300,000 psf ELw = -3 ft 0 7.07 9.42 0.144 6,500,000 0.3 Ave E,emb = 621517 psf
nu = 0.30 0.33 0 7.07 9.42 0.144 6,500,000 0.3 Ave nu,emb = 0.309
phi = 38 30 deg 0 7.07 9.42 0.144 6,500,000 0.30 Yield Diff. Settle = 0.008 ft Elevation of equal settlement =
EL top = 3.5 8 ft -23 7.07 9.42 0.144 6,500,000 0.30 Emb. Diff. Settle = 0.471 ft Thickness of consolidating clay =
Yield Criterion = 1 Characteristic cv for consolidating clay =
Preload = 0 Area of Unit Cell = 49 ft^2
gam H + q = 990 psf Time Factor =
SRRest = 0.145
Exst Sand #1Exst Sand #2 Clay #1 Clay #2 J = 48,000 lb/ft SRRnet = 0.145 Janbu Settlement =
thickness = 3 0 20 0 ft sig,net = 143.4 psf
gam = 125 125 100 100 pcf Grid Diff. Settle = 0.471 ft Elevation of bottom of sand =
E = 250,000 250,000 -- -- psf
Cec = -- -- 0.22 0.22
Cer = -- -- 0.022 0.022 SRRfndn = 0.505 Top
sig',v,top = 0 375 375 1127 psf sig,fndn = 499.5 psf Bot. of Sand
sig',v,bot = 375 375 1127 1127 psf sig,col = 3899.7 psf Equal Settlement
pp,top = -- -- 375 1127 psf Max. Fndn. Diff. Settle = 0.471 ft
pp,bot = -- -- 1127 1127 psf
nu = 0.33 0.30 0.35 0.35 Settlement Error = 3.061E-15 ft^2
K0 = 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60
delta = 32 32 24 24 deg Compliance Settle = 0.202 ft 2.42 in
EL bot = -3 -3 -23 -23 ft Column Compression = 0.021 ft 0.26 in
Total Settle = 0.223 ft 2.68 in
Foundation Soil
SRR Calculation
Groundwater Columns
Geogrid
Embankment
Geogrid
Spreadsheet for calculating SRRnet and embankment settlement without the preload.
SRRest = 0.593
SRRlimit = 0.593 <-- Terzaghi with K = 0.75
Embank #1 Embank #2 SRRemb = 0.593 alpha1 = 0.132 ft^-1
thickness = 3.5 4.5 ft gam = 62.4 pcf Elev Area Perimeter E sig,soil = 765.0 psf alpha2 = 0.097 ft^-1
gam = 135 115 pcf dw = 3 ft (ft) (ft^2) (ft) as (psf) nu sig,col = 4404.6 psf
E = 750,000 300,000 psf ELw = -3 ft 0 7.07 9.42 0.144 6,500,000 0.30 Ave E,emb = 621517 psf
nu = 0.30 0.33 0 7.07 9.42 0.144 6,500,000 0.30 Ave nu,emb = 0.309
phi = 38 30 deg 0 7.07 9.42 0.144 6,500,000 0.30 Yield Diff. Settle = 0.012 ft
EL top = 3.5 8 ft -23 7.07 9.42 0.144 6,500,000 0.30 Emb. Diff. Settle = 0.536 ft
Yield Criterion = 1
q = 300 psf Area of Unit Cell = 49 ft^2
gam H + q = 1290 psf
SRRest = 0.160
Exst Sand #1Exst Sand #2 Clay #1 Clay #2 J = 48,000 lb/ft SRRnet = 0.160
thickness = 3 0 20 0 ft sig,net = 206.7 psf
gam = 125 125 100 100 pcf Grid Diff. Settle = 0.536 ft
E = 250,000 250,000 -- -- psf
Cec = -- -- 0.22 0.22
Cer = -- -- 0.022 0.022 SRRfndn = 0.433
sig',v,top = 0 375 375 1127 psf sig,fndn = 558.2 psf
sig',v,bot = 375 375 1127 1127 psf sig,col = 5630.8 psf
pp,top = -- -- 375 1127 psf Max. Fndn. Diff. Settle = 0.536 ft
pp,bot = -- -- 1127 1127 psf Janbu Remaining Settlement =
nu = 0.33 0.30 0.35 0.35 Settlement Error = 3.425E-15 ft^2
K0 = 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60
delta = 32 32 24 24 deg Compliance Settle = 0.229 ft 2.75 in
EL bot = -3 -3 -23 -23 ft Column Compression = 0.028 ft 0.34 in
Total Settle = 0.258 ft 3.09 in
Geogrid
Foundation Soil
SRR Calculation
Groundwater Columns
Geogrid
Embankment
Spreadsheet for caculating strain and tension in geogrid.
Preload Surcharge
a = 2.66 2.66 ft
s = 7.00 7.00 ft
gH + q = 990 1290 psf
J = 48000 48000 lb/ft
SRRnet = 0.145 0.160
Kg = 0.0471 0.0679
Strain = 0.030 0.039 0.039
Tension = 1445 1872 lb/ft 1872 lb/ft
Max Defl. = 0.461 0.525 ft 0.525 ft
Strain Func. 6.009E-08 -1.66E-07
Max Values
Version 1.1 on September 17, 2006.

1. Slight modifications to solver macro to improve
convergence when compressible material extends to ground
surface.

2. Revision of criteria to address low-height embankments.
2(a). Change clear spacing criterion to s - a less than or
equal to 0.71*H for embankments without preload and
surcharge
2(b). Keep clear spacing criterion to s - a less than or equal
to H for embankments with preload and surcharge