Chapter 5 Mix design of M20 concrete

5.1 Design Stipulation

a. Compressive strength of Required in field 28 Days : 20

b. Maximum size of Aggregate : 20 mm
c. Degree of Workability : 0.90 compacting
factor
d. Degree of Quality Control : Good
e. Type of Exposure : Moderate

5.2 Test data for Materials
Specific Gravity
(i). Specific gravity of cement (OPC 43 Grade) : 2.92
(ii). Specific gravity Aggregate (20 mm) : 2.82
(iii). Specific gravity Aggregate (10 mm) : 2.81
(iv). Specific gravity sand : 2.41

5.3 Water Absorption

Coarse Aggregate : 0.73%
Fine Aggregate : 1.00%

5.4 Free surface moisture :-

Coarse Aggregate : Nil
Fine Aggregate : 2.00%







5.5 Sieve Analysis
Individual grading of stone aggregates
20mm Stone Aggregate Sample Weight: 5000gms
Sieve
Size
(mm)
Weight Retained
Cum.
Weight
Retained
Cum % Weight
Retained
.% Weight Passing
40.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
20.000 129.00 129.00 2.58 97.42
10.000 3200 3329.00 66.58 33.42
4.750 1126 4455.00 89.10 10.90


10mm Stone Aggregate Sample Weight: 5000gms
Sieve
Size
(mm)
Weight Retained
Cum.
Weight
Retained
Cum % Weight
Retained
.% Weight Passing
40.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
20.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
10.000 2066.00 2066.00 41.32 58.68
4.750 2486 4552.00 91.04 8.96

Remark: Coarse Aggregate Conform to grading as per CPWD specification


Coarse Sand Sample Weight: 3000gms
Sieve
Size
(mm)

Weight Retained
Cum.
Weight
Retained
Cum % Weight
Retained
.% Weight Passing
10.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
4.750 156.00 156.00 5.20 94.80
2.360 64.00 220.00 7.33 92.67
1.180 364.00 584.00 19.47 80.53
0.600 604.00 1188.00 39.60 60.40
0.300 1348.00 2536.00 84.53 15.47
0.150 376.00 2912.00 97.07 2.93

Remark: Fine Aggregate Confirm to Grading of Table 19-70, code IS-383

Combined Grading of Mix Stone Aggregate
Proportion
of Agg.
40% 60% Total Combined Grading
Sieve Size
(mm)
20 mm 10 mm
40.000 40.00 60.00 100.00 100
20.000 38.97 60.00 98.97 95-100
10.000 13.37 35.21 48.58 25-55
4.750 4.36 5.38 9.74 0-10
5.5 Method of Design
The step by step mix proportioning is as follows:
I. Target mean Strength

Where
fck = Characteristic compressive strength of 28days
t = A statistical value (1.65) from table-2 of IS 10262-1982
s = Standard deviations (4.6) from table-1 of IS 10262-1982
So,

II. Section of water-cement ratio:
Water cement ratio for the target mean strength is chosen from fig-1 of IS-10262-1982,
as W/C ratio 0.50.
This is lower than the maximum value of 0.55 prescribed moderate exposures.
(IS 456:2000)
III. Air Content:
From Table 3 of IS- 10262-1982 for nominal maximum size of Aggregate as 20mm, take
amount of entrapped air in the wet concrete as 2%.
IV. Selection of water and sand content:
W/C = 0.60, workability 0.80 compaction factor (Applicable for concrete up to M35
Grade concrete)
From table 4 of IS 10262-1982
For 20mm nominal maximum size of aggregate water content per cum of
concrete =186 kg/m3
Sand as percentage per cum of Total aggregate by absolute volume =35%





V. Adjustment for other conditions:

Adjustment of value in water content and sand percentage for other condition

Change in condition stipulated
Adjustment Required
Water Content
Percent sand in Total
Aggregate
For Sand conforming to zone-III
0 -1.5%
For decrease in W/c ratio by 0.60 to 0.50 =0.10
0 -2.00%
For increase in compaction factor (0.90-0.80)
=0.10
3% 0
Total
3% -3.50%

Therefore, required sand content = (35 -3.5) %=31.50%
Required water content = 186 wt +3% of 186 =191.58 ltr
Determination of cement content
Water Cement Ratio W/C = 0.50
Cement = 191.58 /0.50
= 383.16 Kg
Therefore required sand content is adequate for moderate exposure condition according to
IS 456-1978

Determination of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate for entrapped air like wet concrete
using equation:

&

For fine aggregate:

For Coarse aggregate

Final Values:
Water : 191.58
Cement : 383.16
Fine Sand : 498.91
Coarse aggregate : 1305.53


Summary
S.NO. Trial No. Cement/m
3
W/C Ratio Required
Water Ltr
Cube Strength at
28 days (Avg.)
Kg/cm2
1 Trial -1 380 0.51 194.39 241.67
2 Trial- 2 383 0.51 195.88 281.67
3 Trial -3 385 0.51 196.87 308.33
4 Trial -4 387.5 0.51 198.11 325.00


Therefore approved job mix formulae for M20 RCC is as below

Water : 195.88 ltr
Cement : 383.00 kg
Fine Sand : 495.69 kg
Coarse aggregates : 1297.11 kg