57

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION
Under the project, literature review of codes available for Slabs on Grade has been done. Also
the construction methodology has been studied. A design of industrial floor slab of the Baby
Care Product manufacturing unit phase II, Mandideep project has been done by all methods
available for distinct type of loadings that are expected on the slab. A comparison has been made
as for the slab thickness determined by different methods for all expected loadings on the slab.
Also a Case study has been done at the Crown project site of Proctor and Gamble (P&G) at
Mandideep. Many site visits had been done so as to get better understanding of the concept and
simultaneously learning the implementation of the Slab on Grade technology. The whole
construction process has been studied and all the test and slab casting has been observed.
Following conclusions are derived from the study:
1. Despite its huge significance and also being an indispensable element of the construction
stream Slab on Grade design is still not on a roll in India.
2. There is not a single Indian Standard code available, which can suffice the design of such
industrial floors with required specifications.
3. The Designs that are implemented are all based on the American code ACI 360R-92, which
is the only code available in context of Slab on Grade construction.
4. The design process becomes very tedious and time consuming as one have to first convert the
available data in FPS units, then after design reconvert it to SI system.
5. There should be dedicated companies for the specific design of slab on grade, which should
have expertise on slab on grade construction, so as to minimize to problem occurs before,
during or after construction of slab.
6. Also the available codes in Indian Road Congress too are have their design based on exterior
exposing of slab, and doesnt lays the emphasis on dusting etc which are an important design
factor during indoor slab construction.
7. Slab on Grade is a very important topic and is a prerequisite for any industry as functioning
of an industry cannot start without its floor; a dedicated Indian code is required for the same.

58

The site visiting had imparted us with the knowledge that even if there is lack of all the resources
for design and construction in Indian literature, the work has to go on and the construction had to
be done with all the required specification for serviceability criteria in accordance with the
industrial requirement
There is a long way to go for Indian engineers in this stream and certainly there is lot of scope
for improvement as far as technological exploitation is considered.












59

REFERENCES
1. American Concrete Institute, Design of Slabs-on-Ground, ACI: 360R 06.
2. American Concrete Institute, Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction,
ACI: 302.1R 04.
3. Designing floor slabs on grade, by Boyd C. Ringo, Robert B. Anderson.
4. Standard Test Method for Determining FF Floor Flatness and FL Floor levelness
Numbers, ASTM E:1155M-96.
5. Highway Engineering by S.K. Khanna, C.E.G. Justo, S. K. Justo.
6. Soil mechanics and foundation engineering by K. R. Arora.
7. Indian Standards, Code of practice for laying in-situ cement concrete flooring,
IS: 2571 1970.
8. www.concrete.org
9. www.cement.org
10. www.wirereinforcementinstitute.org
11. http://www.constructionknowledge.net/concrete/concrete_slabs_on_grade.php
12. www.wikipedia.org






60

CONVERSION FACTORS
LENGTH
1 in. = 2.54 cm
1 cm = 0.39 in.
1 ft = 0.305 m
1 m = 3.28 ft
1 mile = 1.61 km
1 km = 0.62 miles
in. to m .............................................................................multiply by 2.5
m to in ..............................................................................multiply by 0.4
ft to m................................................................................multiply by 2.5
oz to g................................................................................multiply by 3.3
oz to g................................................................................multiply by 28.3
g to oz................................................................................multiply by 0.035
lb to kg ..............................................................................multiply by 0.45
kg to lb ..............................................................................multiply by 2.2

VOLUME
1 fl oz = 29.57 mL
10 mL = 0.34 fl. oz
1 qt (32 fl. oz) = 946.35 mL
1 L = 1.06 U.S. qt
1 gal. (128 fl. oz) = 3.79 L
3.79 L = 1 U.S. gal.
oz to mL ........................................................................... multiply by 30
mL to oz .............................................................................multiply by 0.03
qt to L..................................................................................multiply by 0.95
L to qt..................................................................................multiply by 1.06
1 in.3 = 16.39 cm3
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1 ft3 = 1,728 in.3 = 7.481 gal.
1 yd3 = 27 ft3 = 0.7646 m3

WEIGHT
1 oz = 28.3 g
10 g = 0.35 oz
1 lb = 0.45 kg
1 kg = 2.20 lb
oz to g................................................................................ multiply by 28.3
g to oz................................................................................ multiply by 0.035
lb to kg .............................................................................. multiply by 0.45
kg to lb ................................................................................multiply by 2.2

SPECIFIC WEIGHT
1 lb water = 27.7 in.3 = 0.1198 gal.
1 ft3 water = 62.43 lb
1 gal. water = 8.345 lb

AREA
1 in.2 = 6.452 cm2