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WaffleSlab

Introduction
Crosssectionsthroughawaffleslabinfigure
below.
Theribsareformedusingtemporaryor
permanentshuttering.
Advantage:reduceweightbyremovingpartof
theconcretebelowtheneutralaxis.
Economicalforlongspan,overabout5m,and
lightormoderateliveloade.g.hospitalor
apartment.

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Disadvantage:notsuitableforstructures
havingheavyloading,e.g.warehousesand
garages.Tallbuildings??
Neartothesupports,theribbedarestopped
offandtheslabismadesolid.
Reason:toachieveagreatershearstrength,
andiftheslabissupportedbyamonolithic
concretebeamthesolidsectionactsasthe
flangeofaTsection.

Theslabsareusuallymadesolidunderpartitions
andconcentratedloads.
Thethicknessoftheconcreteflangeshouldnot
lessthan:
50mmoronetenthofthecleardistancebetween
ribs,whicheveristhegreater.

Designasribbedslabs.Designmomentseach
wayareobtainedfromthemomentcoefficients
tabulatedinTable3.14BS8110Pt.1.

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Example
Designawaffleslabforaninternalpanelofa
floorsystem,eachpanelspanning6.0mineach
direction.Thecharacteristicmaterialstrengths
arefck =25N/mm2 andfyk=500N/mm2.The
sectionistobetriedwithcharacteristic
permanentloadincludingselfweightof
6.0kN/m2 andcharacteristicvariableloadof
2.5kN/m2.

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Solution
Designultimateload =1.35gk+1.5qk
=1.35x60+1.5x2.5
=11.85kN/m2
Astheslabhasthesamespanineachdirection,
themomentcoefficients,sx andsy aretaken
fromtable3.14withly/lx=1.0
Calculationsaregivenforasingle0.4mwide
beamsectionandinbothdirectionsofspan.

1. Bending
Atmidspan:designasTsection.
=sx nlx2
=0.024x11.85x62
=10.24kNm/m
Momentcarriedbyeachrib =0.4x10.24 =4.10kNm
M/bd2fck=4.10x106/400x1602x25
=0.016
Theeffectivebreadthis400mm.
Positivemomentatmidspan=msx

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As=M/0.87fykz=4.10x106/0.87x500x0.95x16
=62mm2
Provide2H10barsineachribatthebottomof
thebeam.
2. Atthesupport:designasarectangular
sectionforthesolidslab.
negativemomentatsupport,
=0.031x11.85x62

=13.22kNm/m
Momentcarriedbyeach400mmwidth
=0.4x13.22=5.29kNm
M/bd2fck=5.29x106//400x1602x25=0.021
As=M/0.87fykz=5.29x106/0.87x500x0.95x160
=80mm2
Provide2H10barsineach0.4mwidthofslab.

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3. Atthesectionwheretheribsterminate:this
occurs0.6mfromthecentrelineofthe
supportandthemomentmaybehoggingso
that125mmribsmustprovidetheconcrete
areaincompressiontoresistthedesign
moment.Themaximummomentof
resistanceoftheconcreteis
M=0.167fckbd2=0.167x25x125x1602=13.36kNm

4. Shear
Vsx=vxnlxxb=0.33x11.85x0.4=9.38kN
Maximumshearintherib0.6mfromthe
centrelineis,
VEd=9.380.6x11.85x0.4=6.54kN
Atthisposition,VRd,c=vRd,cx125x160
1=100As/bd=100x157/125x160=0.79%
vRd,c=0.68N/mm2,K=0.94

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VRd,c=0.68x0.94x125x160=12.8kN
Therefore,theunreinforcedsectionisadequate
inshear,andnolinksarerequiredprovidedthat
thebarsintheribsaresecurelylocatedduring
construction.
5. Reinforcementinthetoppingflange:
lightreinforcementmeshshouldbe
providedinthetopoftheflange.

Arearequired=0.13xbxh/100=0.13x1000x60/100
=78mm2/m
ProvideD98mesh,As=98mm2/m