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8lood ls carrled ln a closed sysLem of vessels LhaL beglns and ends aL Lhe hearL
1he Lhree ma[or Lypes of vessels are arLerles, caplllarles, and velns
ArLerles carry blood away from Lhe hearL, velns carry blood Loward Lhe hearL
Caplllarles conLacL Llssue cells and dlrecLly serve cellular needs
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ArLerles and velns are composed of Lhree Lunlcs - Lunlca lnLerna, Lunlca medla, and Lunlca exLerna
Caplllarles are composed of endoLhellum wlLh sparse basal lamlna
Lumen - cenLral blood-conLalnlng space surrounded by Lunlcs
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1unlca lnLerna (Lunlca lnLlma)
LndoLhellal layer LhaL llnes Lhe lumen of all vessels
ln vessels larger Lhan 1 mm, a subendoLhellal connecLlve Llssue basemenL membrane ls presenL
1unlca medla
SmooLh muscle and elasLlc flber layer, regulaLed by sympaLheLlc nervous sysLem
ConLrols vasoconsLrlcLlon/vasodllaLlon of vessels
1unlca exLerna (Lunlca advenLlLla)
Collagen flbers LhaL proLecL and relnforce vessels
Larger vessels conLaln vasa vasorum
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1hlck-walled arLerles near Lhe hearL, Lhe aorLa and lLs ma[or branches
Large lumen allow low-reslsLance conducLlon of blood
ConLaln elasLln ln all Lhree Lunlcs
WlLhsLand and smooLh ouL large blood pressure flucLuaLlons
Allow blood Lo flow falrly conLlnuously Lhrough Lhe body
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Muscular arLerles - dlsLal Lo elasLlc arLerles, dellver blood Lo body organs
Pave Lhlck Lunlca medla wlLh more smooLh muscle and less elasLlc Llssue
AcLlve ln vasoconsLrlcLlon
ArLerloles - smallesL arLerles, lead Lo caplllary beds
ConLrol flow lnLo caplllary beds vla vasodllaLlon and consLrlcLlon
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Caplllarles are Lhe smallesL blood vessels
Walls conslsLlng of a Lhln Lunlca lnLerna, one cell Lhlck
Allow only a slngle 88C Lo pass aL a Llme
erlcyLes on Lhe ouLer surface sLablllze Lhelr walls
1here are Lhree sLrucLural Lypes of caplllarles: conLlnuous, fenesLraLed, and slnusolds
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ConLlnuous caplllarles are abundanL ln Lhe skln and muscles, and have:
LndoLhellal cells LhaL provlde an unlnLerrupLed llnlng
Ad[acenL cells LhaL are held LogeLher wlLh LlghL [uncLlons
lnLercellular clefLs of un[olned membranes LhaL allow Lhe passage of flulds
ConLlnuous caplllarles of Lhe braln:
Pave LlghL [uncLlons compleLely around Lhe endoLhellum
ConsLlLuLe Lhe blood-braln barrler
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lound wherever acLlve caplllary absorpLlon or fllLraLe formaLlon occurs (e.g., small lnLesLlnes,
endocrlne glands, and kldneys)
CharacLerlzed by:
An endoLhellum rlddled wlLh pores (fenesLraLlons)
CreaLer permeablllLy Lo soluLes and flulds Lhan oLher caplllarles
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Plghly modlfled, leaky, fenesLraLed caplllarles wlLh large lumens
lound ln Lhe llver, bone marrow, lymphold Llssue, and ln some endocrlne organs
Allow large molecules (proLelns and blood cells) Lo pass beLween Lhe blood and surroundlng Llssues
8lood flows slugglshly, allowlng for modlflcaLlon ln varlous ways
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A mlcroclrculaLlon of lnLerwoven neLworks of caplllarles, conslsLlng of:
vascular shunLs - meLarLerlole-Lhoroughfare channel connecLlng an arLerlole dlrecLly wlLh
a posLcaplllary venule
1rue caplllarles - 10 Lo 100 per caplllary bed, caplllarles branch off Lhe meLarLerlole and reLurn Lo
Lhe Lhoroughfare channel aL Lhe dlsLal end of Lhe bed