Chapter 10 Test Bank

Chapter 10 - Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory
1. Which molecule or ion does not have a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?
A) PO
3
3

B) SO
3
2

C) NI
3

D) BF
3

E) XeO
3

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: easy REF: 10.1
OBJ: Predict the molecular geometry (two, three, or four electron pairs). (Example 10.1)
TOP: bonding | molecular geometry
KEY: the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model | tetrahedral arrangement
MSC: general chemistry

2. What is the electron geometry (or electron arrangement) around an atom in a molecule or
ion which is surrounded by zero lone pairs of electrons and four single bonds.
A) tetrahedral
B) trigonal pyramidal
C) trigonal planar
D) bent
E) linear

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: easy REF: 10.1
OBJ: Electron Geometry-4 electron pairs

3. What is the molecular geometry around an atom in a molecule or ion which is surrounded
by zero lone pairs of electrons and four single bonds.
A) tetrahedral
B) linear
C) bent
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) trigonal planar

OBJ: Molecular Geometry-4 electron pairs

by one lone pair of electrons and four single bonds.
A) see-saw or distorted tetrahedron
B) trigonal bipyramidal
C) linear
D) T-shaped
E) trigonal planar


ion which is surrounded by one lone pair of electrons and four single bonds.
A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) see-saw or distorted tetrahedron
C) T-shaped
D) linear
E) trigonal planar


ion which is surrounded by one lone pair of electrons and five single bonds.
A) octahedral
B) square pyramidal
C) square planar
D) bent
E) linear


by four single bonds and no lone pairs of electrons.
A) tetrahedral
C) octahedral
D) linear
E) trigonal planar

OBJ: Molecular Geometry-2-6 bonding pair

by zero lone pairs of electrons and six single bonds.
A) octahedral
B) square planar
C) square pyramidal
D) bent
E) linear


9. Which molecule or ion has a trigonal planar molecular geometry?
A) PCl
3

B) HCN
C) CO
3
2

D) HCCH
E) AsF
3

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: easy REF: 10.1
KEY: the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model | trigonal planar arrangement

10. Which molecule or ion has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?
A) H
2
CO
B) H
2
CCO
C) CH
3
+

D) CH
3

E) C
2
H
4


11. Which molecule or ion is not planar?
A) H
2
CO
B) NO
2

C) C
2
F
4

D) H
2
CCO
E) PO
4
3

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: easy REF: 10.1
KEY: the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model MSC: general chemistry

A) XeF
4

B) NO
3

C) BCl
3

D) F
2
CCF
2

E) CF
4


13. Which molecule or ion has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?
A) BF
3

B) C
2
H
4

C) SO
3

D) SO
3
2

E) CO
3
2


14. Which molecule or ion has the same molecular geometry for its central atom as the
carbonate ion?
A) H
2
CO
B) AsCl
3

C) PF
3

D) CH
3

E) BrO
3

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: moderate REF: 10.1

15. Which molecule or ion is nonlinear?
A) CO
2

B) NF
2

C) OCN

D) NO
2
+

E) HCCH

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: easy REF: 10.1

A) N
2
O
B) O
3

C) OCN

D) NO
2
+

E) CS
2


A) NO
2
+

B) SO
2

C) NNO
D) CS
2

E) SCN


18. The approximate CCO angle in acetone, , is
A) 180.
B) 90.
C) 109.
D) 60.
E) 120.

TOP: bonding | molecular geometry KEY: bond angle MSC: general chemistry

19. The approximate HCH bond angle in CH
3
+
is
A) 60.
B) 90.
C) 120.
D) 109.
E) 180.


20. The approximate HCC bond angle in ethane, C
2
H
6
, is
A) 60.
B) 180.
C) 120.
D) 109.
E) 90.


21. The molecule AX
3
, in which A is the central atom, is polar and obeys the octet rule;
therefore,
A) A has two lone pairs.
B) A has one lone pair.
C) A has no lone pairs.
D) A has four bonding pairs.
E) A has three lone pairs.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: moderate REF: 10.1

22. What is the predicted HNH bond angle in the ammonium ion?
A) 109.5
B) 90
C) 180
D) 120
E) 45


23. What is the ONO bond angle in the nitrite ion?
A) 90
B) 180 and 90
C) 180
D) 120
E) 109


24. What is the bond angle in a linear molecule or ion?
A) 120
B) 109
C) 90
D) 72
E) 180


25. For which of the following molecules or ions do the electron pairs on the central nitrogen
atom have a tetrahedral arrangement?
A) FNO
B) NF
2

C) N
2
F
2

D) NO
2

E) NO


26. The molecular geometry of the nitrite ion, NO
2
,
is best described as
A) pyramidal.
B) trigonal pyramidal.
C) bent.
D) tetrahedral.
E) trigonal planar.


27. Which molecule does not have a planar molecular geometry?
A) SO
3

B) HCCH
C) N
2
H
4

D) HNNH
E) C
2
F
4


28. Which molecule or ion does not have a planar molecular geometry?
A) NO
3

B) BF
3

C) F
2
CO
D) C
2
H
4

E) SO
3
2


29. The molecular geometry of the CH
3
+
ion is best described as
A) trigonal planar.
B) pyramidal.
C) linear.
D) bent.
E) tetrahedral.


30. Which of the following concerning electron pair space requirements and bond angles is/are
correct?

1. Lone pairs of electrons require more space than bonding pairs.
2. Multiple bonds require the same amount of space as single bonds.
3. The HOH bond angle in H
2
O and the HNH bond angle in NH
3
are identical
because the electron arrangements (tetrahedral) are identical.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 1, 2, and 3

OBJ: Space Requirements-VESPR TOP: bonding | molecular geometry

31. The molecular geometry of the ammonium ion, NH
4
+
, is most similar to the molecular
geometry of
A) NH
3
.
B) CH
4
.
C) N
2
H
4
.
D) NH
2
.
E) CH
3
+
.


32. The molecular geometry of the CH
3
ion is
A) tetrahedral.
B) square planar.
C) square pyramidal.
D) trigonal planar.
E) trigonal pyramidal.


33. What is the molecular geometry of the thiosulfate ion, S
2
O
3
2
?
A) tetrahedral
C) pyramidal
D) bent
E) square planar


34. Which molecule or ion does not have a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?
A) AsF
3

B) NF
3

C) PF
3

D) BF
3

E) IO
3


A) CO
3
2

B) Cl
2
CCCl
2

C) HNNH
D) H
3
O
+

E) F
2
CO


36. In phosgene, COCl
2
, the electron groups are located about the central carbon atom in a
______________ arrangement.
A) square planar
C) pyramidal
D) trigonal planar
E) tetrahedral


37. In the hydronium ion, H
3
O
+
, the electron groups are arranged about the central oxygen atom
in a
A) tetrahedron.
B) square plane.
C) pyramid.
D) trigonal plane.
E) bent structure.


38. What is the CCH bond angle in H
2
CCO?
A) 109
B) 180
C) 120
D) 144
E) 90

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: moderate REF: 10.1

39. Which molecule or ion has the same molecular geometry as SeO
3
2
?
A) SeO
3

B) CO
3
2

C) NO
3

D) SO
3
2

E) SO
3

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: moderate REF: 10.1

40. Which molecule or ion has the same molecular geometry for its central atom(s) as BF
3
?
A) CF
4

B) CH
3

C) BF
4

D) C
2
F
4

E) C
2
F
6


41. What is the molecular geometry around carbon atom C
1
?

A) tetrahedral
B) trigonal planar
C) linear
D) trigonal pyramidal
E) bent

OBJ: Predict the molecular geometry in a molecule.

42. What is the molecular geometry around the nitrogen atom?

A) trigonal pyramidal
B) bent
C) tetrahedral
D) see-saw or distorted tetrahedral
E) trigonal planar

OBJ: Predict the molecular geometry in a molecule.

43. What is the molecular geometry of the bromate ion, BrO
3
?
A) square planar
B) trigonal planar
C) square pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
E) trigonal pyramidal

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: moderate REF: 10.1

44. Which of the following statements correctly describes the reaction of BF
3
with NH
3
to form
F
3
BNH
3
?
A) Both nitrogen and boron change from trigonal planar to tetrahedral geometry
during the reaction.
B) Boron changes from trigonal planar to tetrahedral geometry during the reaction.
C) There are no changes in the formal charge on any atom during the reaction.
D) Nitrogen changes from trigonal planar to tetrahedral geometry during the reaction.
E) There is no change in geometry around the nitrogen or boron atoms.


45. Which of the following characteristics does not apply to PF
3
?
A) has three bonds
B) contains polar bonds
C) polar molecule
D) one lone pair of electrons on phosphorus
E) trigonal planar


46. What is the HCC bond angle in ethylene, H
2
CCH
2
?
A) slightly less than 120
B) 90
C) 109
D) 120
E) 180

OBJ: Note that a lone pair tends to require more space than a corresponding bonding pair
and that a multiple bond requires more space than a single bond.

47. What is the HOH bond angle in water?
A) 90
B) slightly less than 109
C) 180
D) 120
E) 109

OBJ: Note that a lone pair tends to require more space than a corresponding bonding pair
and that a multiple bond requires more space than a single bond.

48. In the ICI
4
ion, how many electron groups surround the central iodine atom?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 3

OBJ: Predict the molecular geometry (five or six electron pairs). (Example 10.2)
KEY: the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model | octahedral arrangement

49. In the I
3
ion, how many electron groups surround the central atom?

A) 5
B) 3
C) 6
D) 4
E) 2

KEY: the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model | trigonal bipyramidal arrangement

50. In the ICl
4
ion, the electron pairs are arranged around the central iodine atom in the shape
of
A) a tetrahedron.
B) an octahedron.
C) a square plane.
D) a trigonal bipyramid.
E) a trigonal pyramid.


51. In ClF
3
, the electron pairs are arranged about the chlorine atom in
A) a square plane.
B) a tetrahedron.
C) an octahedron.
D) a trigonal pyramid.
E) a trigonal bipyramid.

KEY: the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model | trigonal bipyramidal arrangement

52. What is the molecular geometry of the ICl
4
ion?
A) octahedral
B) pentagonal
C) tetrahedral
D) rectangular
E) square planar


53. Which molecule or ion does not have a tetrahedral molecular geometry?
A) ClF
4

B) SiF
4

C) NF
4
+

D) CF
4

E) BF
4


A) BF
4

B) NF
4
+

C) GeF
4

D) XeF
4

E) BeF
4
2


A) ICl
4

B) CCl
4

C) GeCl
4

D) BrO
4

E) SiCl
4


56. For which molecule or ion does the nitrogen atom have the positive end of the dipole
moment?
A) NH
4
+

B) CN

C) NO
D) HCN
E) N
2

OBJ: Explain the relationship between dipole moment and molecular geometry. (Example
10.3) TOP: bonding | molecular geometry
KEY: dipole moment MSC: general chemistry

57. Which of the following molecules is nonpolar?
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)


58. Which molecule is polar?
A) C
2
H
4

B) CS
2

C) C
6
H
6

D) SO
2

E) CF
4


59. Which of the following concerning molecular geometry and dipole moments is/are correct?

1. Only molecules with polar bonds may have a permanent dipole moment.
2. All molecules with polar bonds have a permanent dipole moment.
3. All square planar molecules are nonpolar.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3
E) 1, 2, and 3


60. Which of the following molecules has a permanent dipole moment?
A) SF
6

B) CCl
4

C) NF
3

D) SiCl
4

E) BF
3


61. Which of the following molecules does not have a permanent dipole moment?
A) sulfur tetrafluoride, SF
4

B) iodine trichloride, ICl
3

C) nitrogen trifluoride, NF
3

D) phosphorus pentafluoride, PF
5

E) sulfur dioxide, SO
2


62. Which of the following molecules has a dipole moment?
A) PF
5

B) FOOF
C) HCCH
D) F
2
CCF
2

E) SF
6


63. Which of the following molecules has a dipole moment?
A) SO
2

B) CS
2

C) ClCCCCCl
D) CCl
4

E) HCCH


64. Which of the following compounds is nonpolar?
A) H
2
S
B) XeF
2

C) SO
2

D) N
2
O
E) HCl


65. Which of the following molecules is polar?
A) SF
6

B) CCl
4

C) BF
3

D) NO
2

E) CO
2


66. Which of the following statements best describes N
2
O?
A) The molecular geometry is bent and the molecule is nonpolar.
B) The molecular geometry is linear and the molecule is nonpolar.
C) The molecular geometry is linear and the molecule is polar.
D) The molecular geometry is trigonal planar and the molecule is nonpolar.
E) The molecular geometry is bent and the molecule is polar.


67. Which of the following molecules is nonpolar?
A) SF
4

B) PF
5

C) ClF
3

D) PF
3

E) CH
2
F
2


68. Which one of the following statements provides the best evidence that all the carbon
compounds listed below have tetrahedral molecular geometries instead of square planar
molecular geometries?
A) Only one CH
4
compound is known and it is nonpolar.
B) Only one CH
3
F compound is known and it is polar.
C) Only one CH
2
F
2
compound is known and it is polar.
D) Only one CF
4
compound is known and it is nonpolar.
E) Only one CHF
3
compound is known and it is polar.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: difficult REF: 10.2

69. When an atom in a molecule or ion is described as sp
3
d
2
hybridized, its molecular geometry
is
A) octahedral.
B) trigonal bipyramidal.
C) linear.
D) tetrahedral.
E) trigonal planar.

OBJ: Apply valence bond theory (two, three, or four electron pairs). (Example 10.4)
TOP: bonding | bonding theories

70. How many sigma and pi bonds are in the molecule pictured below?

A) thirteen sigma bonds and one pi bond
B) eleven sigma bonds and two pi bonds
C) thirteen sigma bonds and two pi bonds
D) eleven sigma bonds and five pi bonds
E) five sigma bonds and eleven pi bonds


71. What hybrid orbitals of sulfur are involved in the bonding in sulfur trioxide?
A) sp
2

B) sp
2
d
C) sp
3

D) sp
3
d
2

E) sp

TOP: bonding | bonding theories KEY: hybridization

72. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the water molecule?
A) There are two lone pairs and two bonding pairs on the central atom.
B) The molecule is polar.
C) The hybridization of oxygen is sp
3
.
D) The hybridization of hydrogen is sp.
E) The molecular geometry is bent.


73. What is the hybridization of Se in SeF
6
?
A) sp
3
d
B) sp
3
d
2

C) sp
2

D) sp
E) sp
3

OBJ: Apply valence bond theory (five or six electron pairs). (Example 10.5)

74. What is the hybridization of Br in BrF
3
?
A) sp
3

B) sp
C) sp
3
d
2

D) sp
2

E) sp
3
d


75. What is the hybridization of I in IF
4
?
A) sp
2

B) sp
C) sp
3
d
D) sp
3
d
2

E) sp
3


76. According to valence-bond theory, what is the hybridization scheme of the sulfur atom in
SF
4
?
A)

B)

C)

D)

E)


77. A bond is the result of the
A) overlap of two s orbitals.
B) overlap of two p orbitals along their axes.
C) sideways overlap of two parallel p orbitals.
D) overlap of an s orbital and a p orbital.
E) sideways overlap of two s orbitals.

OBJ: Define pi bond. TOP: bonding | bonding theories
KEY: multiple bonding MSC: general chemistry

78. Which of the following statements is true?
A) A bond is twice as strong as a single bond.
B) A bond results from the sideways overlap of hybridized orbitals.
C) A double bond consists of a bond and a bond.
D) A bond has cylindrical symmetry about the bonding axis.
E) A bond is twice as strong as a bond.

OBJ: Define pi bond. TOP: bonding | bonding theories
KEY: multiple bonding MSC: general chemistry

79. Which of the labeled carbons (C
1
-C
4
) is/are sp
3
-hybridized?

A) carbon two and four
B) carbon three
C) carbon one
D) carbon two
E) carbon one and three

OBJ: Apply valence bond theory (multiple bonding). (Example 10.6)

80. What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in the nitrite ion?
A) sp
3
d
B) sp
3

C) s
D) sp
E) sp
2

TOP: bonding | bonding theories KEY: multiple bonding

81. According to valence-bond theory, the bonding in ketene, H
2
CCO, is best described as
A) five bonds.
B) three bonds and two bonds.
C) four bonds and two bonds.
D) four bonds and one bond.
E) five bonds.


82. Which of the following concerning and bonds is/are correct?

1. Sigma bonds may only be formed from unhybridized orbitals.
2. Pi bonds are formed from unhybridized p orbitals.
3. A pi bond has an electron distribution above and below the bond axis.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 2 and 3

TOP: bonding | bonding theories NOT: REVISED

83. Which of the following concerning and bonds is/are correct?

1. A sigma bond may be formed from the sideways overlap of two parallel p
orbitals.
2. No more than two pi bonds are possible between adjacent carbon atoms.
3. The considerable energy required to rotate pi bonded atoms is the primary
reason for geometrical isomerism in some pi bonded molecules.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 2 and 3


84. Which molecule or ion does not contain two bonds?
A) HCCH
B) H
2
CCCH
2

C) NO

D) CS
2

E) SCN


85. If four orbitals on one atom overlap four orbitals on a second atom, how many molecular
orbitals will form?
A) 4
B) 16
C) 1
D) 8
E) none of these

OBJ: Define molecular orbital theory. TOP: bonding | bonding theories
KEY: molecular orbital theory MSC: general chemistry

86. Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. Electrons are never found in an antibonding molecular orbital.
2. Antibonding molecular orbitals have electron density mainly outside the space
between the two nuclei.
3. All antibonding molecular orbitals are higher in energy than the atomic
orbitals of which they are composed.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 2 and 3

OBJ: Define bonding orbitals and antibonding orbitals.
TOP: bonding | bonding theories KEY: molecular orbital theory

87. The nitrosyl ion, NO
+
, has ten bonding electrons and four antibonding electrons. Therefore,
it has a bond order of
A) 1.
B) 5/2.
C) 7.
D) 2.
E) 3.

OBJ: Define bond order. TOP: bonding | bonding theories
KEY: molecular orbital theory | bond order MSC: general chemistry

88. Which of the following species has(have) a bond order of 2?
1. NO

2. O
2
3. O
2

A) 1 only
B) 3 only
C) 2 only
D) 1 and 3
E) 1 and 2

OBJ: Define bond order. TOP: bonding | bonding characteristics

89. Which of the following species has a bond order of 2.5?
A) N
2

B) NO
+

C) CO
D) O
2
+

E) NO


90. Which molecule or ion has a bond order of 2.5?
A) O
2

B) O
2
+

C) NO

D) O
2
2

E) O
2


91. Which of the following species has(have) a bond order of 1?
1. HF
2. O
2
2

3. O
2
2+
A) 1 only
B) 3 only
C) 1 and 2
D) 2 and 3
E) 2 only


92. Given the molecular orbital diagram for dilithium (Li
2
) below, what would be the bond
order of Li
2
+
?

A)

B)

C) 1
D) 0
E) 2

OBJ: Describe the electron configurations of H2, He2, Li2, and Be2.

93. Which of the following statements is not correct?
A) Hybrid orbitals are made by the combination of atomic orbitals on a given atom.
B) In both valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory bonding result from the
overlap of occupied atomic orbitals.
C) Valence bond theory does not account for the experimentally observed
paramagnetism of molecules like O
2
.
D) Pi bonds may be formed from s or p orbital overlap.
E) In molecular orbital theory a molecular orbital may encompass more than two
atoms.

OBJ: Describe molecular orbital configurations (homonuclear diatomic molecules).
(Example 10.7) TOP: bonding | bonding theories
KEY: molecular orbital theory MSC: general chemistry

94. Given the molecular orbital diagram for dinitrogen (N
2
) excluding the K shells below, which
of the following molecules or ions is expected to be diamagnetic?

A) C
2
2

B) O
2

C) B
2

D) O
2

E) O
2
+

(Example 10.7) TOP: bonding | bonding theories NOT: REVISED

95. Which molecule or ion has the highest bond order?
A) F
2

B) O
2

C) O
2
2

D) N
2

E) F
2

KEY: diatomic molecule MSC: general chemistry

96. Given the molecular orbital diagram for dinitrogen (N
2
) excluding the K shells below and
assuming all species have a similar ordering of their MOs, which of the following would be
expected to be diamagnetic?

A) O
2

B) F
2

C) O
2
2

D) B
2

E) Li
2
+

(Example 10.7) TOP: bonding | bonding theories NOT: REVISED

97. Consider the following series of molecular ions and molecules: F
2
+
, F
2
2+
, F
2
, and F
2
. Which
will have the shortest bond length between the fluorine atoms? Assume the homonuclear
molecular orbital diagram provided below for nitrogen (excluding the K shells) still applies
to these species.

A) F
2
+

B) The bond lengths are all equivalent.
C) F
2
2+

D) F
2

E) F
2


98. The configuration (
2s
)
2
(
2s
*)
2
(
2py
)
1
(
2px
)
1
is the molecular orbital description for the
ground state of
A) C
2
.
B) B
2
.
C) Be
2
.
D) Li
2
+
.
E) B
2
2
.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: difficult REF: 10.6

99. Which molecule or ion has the shortest bond distance?
A) NO
+

B) CO
+

C) NO
D) NO

E) CO

OBJ: Describe molecular orbital configurations (heteronuclear diatomic molecules).

100. In the molecular orbital description of CO,
A) six molecular orbitals contain electrons.
B) there are two unpaired electrons.
C) the bond order is 3.
D) the highest-energy electrons occupy antibonding orbitals.
E) All of the above are false.


101. Which of the following electron distributions among the molecular orbitals best describes
the NO molecule?
2s

2s
*
2py
=
2px

2pz

2py
*
=
2px
*
2pz
*

A) 2 2 4 1 3 0
B) 2 2 4 2 4 1
C) 2 2 4 2 1 0
D) 2 2 4 2 2 0
E) 2 2 4 2 4 2

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: difficult REF: 10.6

102. Which of the following statements about the molecule O
2
is false?
A) Its bond order is 2.
B) The total number of electrons is 12.
C) It is paramagnetic.
D) It has two pi bonds.
E) It has one sigma bond.


103. Which molecule or ion is paramagnetic?
A) NO
2
+

B) OCN

C) NO
2

D) NO
E) SO
3


104. Which of the following statements concerning ozone is incorrect?
A) It is generated by passing an electrical discharge through oxygen.
B) It has a partial double-bond character.
C) It is a nonpolar molecule.
D) It is an important absorber of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere.
E) It has a bond angle similar to that predicted for sp
2
hybridization.

OBJ: Describe the delocalized bonding in molecules such as O3.
KEY: molecular orbital and delocalized bonding MSC: general chemistry

105. Which of these statements about benzene is true?
A) Benzene is an example of a molecule that displays ionic bonding.
B) Benzene contains only bonds between C atoms.
C) All carbon atoms in benzene are sp
3
hybridized.
D) The bond order of each CC bond in benzene is 1.5.
E) All of these statements are false.


106. The following statements concern molecules that require resonance. Which is true?
A) The benzene molecule is best described by the MO theory.
B) The sigma bonding is clearly delocalized.
C) Both the sigma bonding and the pi bonding are delocalized.
D) The benzene molecule is best described by the localized electron model.
E) The pi bonding is clearly delocalized.


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Chapter 10 - Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory

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