DanKevinCastroMandocdoc

8August2013

 Avoidplagiarizinganotherswork
Aidthefutureresearcherndonessources
Provideevidenceforonesargument

 Notanovernightthing
Tipsforthesis:
Settleonathesistopicasearlyaspossible
Completethecitationdetailswhilewritingthe

body

 Primaryauthorities
Secondaryauthorities
Books
Journalarticles
Theses
Newsclips
Reliablewebsites

 AteneoLawSchool:
Footnotes
ALJLegalCitationGuide
TheBluebook
Bibliography
Atty.Quan:ModiedTurabian

 Generalrules:
Footnotes=sentences
Accuracy
Subsequentcitations

Blockquotev.directquotev.paraphrasing
Footnotereferenceplacement
Afterthepunctuationmark/quotationmark

 PhilippineConstitution:

PHIL.CONST.art.___,___,___.
Note:
AlwayscitetheConstitutioninfull.

1. PHIL.CONST.art.II,3.
2. PHIL.CONST.art.II,3.

 Codes/Statutes:

FullTitle,[ShortTitle],StatuteNumber,
subdivisions,(year).
3. AnActtoOrdainandInstitutetheCivil
CodeofthePhilippines[CIVILCODE],
RepublicActNo.386,art.21(1950).

 Subsequentcitations:

ShortTitle,subdivisions.
4. PHIL.CONST.art.I.
5. CIVILCODE,art.3.
6. Id.art.207.

 SupremeCourtDecisions:

CaseTitle,volumenumberSCRA/SCAD/Phil.
rstpage,citedpage(year).
7. Caguioav.Magtoto,436SCRA3,41(2007).

 Subsequentcitations:

FirstParty,volumenumberSCRA/SCAD/Phil.
atcitedpage.
8. Caguioa,436SCRAat54.
9. Id.
10.Id.at52.

 Separateopinions

Citelikeanordinarycase(J.Surnameof
Justice,separate/concurring/dissenting
opinion).
11.Pabilanev.Magtoto,436SCRA30,41
(2007)(J.Quan,dissentingopinion).
12.Id.at59(J.CervantesPoco,concurring
opinion).

 BookswithSingleAuthor

AUTHOR,TITLEcitedpage(yearofpublication
oreditionnumberyearofpublication).
13.FLORENZD.REGALADO,CRIMINALLAW
CONSPECTUS45(4thed.2009).
14.Id.at342.

 BookswithMultipleAuthors

AUTHOR1&AUTHOR2ORAUTHOR1,ETAL.,
TITLEcitedpage(yearofpublicationor
editionnumberyearofpublication).
15.JOSEC.VITUG&ERNESTOD.ACOSTA,TAX
LAWANDJURISPRUDENCE89(3ded.2006).

 SubsequentCitations

SURNAMEOFAUTHOR(S),supranotefootnote,
atpagebeingcited.
16.REGALADO,supranote13,at13.
17.VITUG&ACOSTA,supranote15,at432.

 ConsecutivelyPaginatedJournals

Author,TitleoftheArticle,volumenumber
JOURNALrstpage,citedpage(year).
18.RyanJeremiahD.Quan,Revisitingthe
ElementofExploitationintheDenition
ofTrackinginPersonsinRepublicAct
No.9208,57ATENEOL.J.402,405(2012).
19.Id.at408.

UnpublishedTheses
Author,TitleoftheArticle,atpagenumber(date)
(description,institutionthatawardedthedegree)
(source).
20.JoseP.TejadaJr.,ACritiqueofthe
JurisprudenceontheMatterofSupreme
CourtsAdministrativeSupervision,at11
(2002)(unpublishedJ.D.thesis,Ateneode
ManilaUniversity)(onlewiththeProfessional
SchoolsLibrary,AteneodeManilaUniversity).

Websites
Author,TitleoftheArticle,availableatURL(last
accesseddate).
21.UnitedNationsOceoftheHigh
CommissionerforHumanRights,Whatare
humanrights?,availableathttp://
www.ohcch.or/en/issues/Pages/
WhatareHumanRights.aspx(lastaccessed
June26,2012).

NewsArticlesOnline
Author(ifavailable),Headline,NEWSPAPER,date
ofpublication,availableatURL(lastaccessed
date).
22.MailaAger,Tupasondisclosureofevidence:
Whatswrong?,PHIL.DAILYINQ.,Jan.4,
2012,availableathttp://newsinfo.inquirer.
net/122301/tupasondisclosureof
evidencewhatswrong(lastaccessedJune
26,2012).

 SubsequentCitations

23.Quan,supranote18,at430.
24.TejadaJr.,surpanote20,at35.
25.Ager,supranote22.

 Doublecitations
thetextiscitinganothertext
Followthis:X(citingY).

26.Quan,supranote18,at435(citingPHIL.
CONST.art.I).
27.Gov.Perez,123SCRA45,63(1987)(citing
Ruizv.Cruz,4Phil.23,45(1930).

Otherusesoffootnotes:Explanations
Theuseoffootnotesforexplanationsmakesthework

morefocusedandcohesive.

HasthePhilippinessuccessfullytransitioned
fromitsMarcosian28past?
28.TheProponentusesthetermMarcosiantoreferto
themassiveviolationsofcivilandpoliticalrightsand
theeconomicplundercommittedbythoseinpublic
oceduringthetimeofMarcos.

 Otherusesoffootnotes:IndirectCitations
Introductorysignals
Conveytherelationbetweenthetextandtheauthority
citedinthefootnotetext
Maysignifysupport,comparison,ordivergence.
Italicizedforemphasis.

 IntroductorySignals
Support
See
See,e.g.,
Seegenerally

 IntroductorySignals
Comparison
Compare____with_____.
Contrast____with_____.

 IntroductorySignals
Divergence
Contra
Butsee

 Tip:Useintroductorysignalstomakeyour

thesismorescholarly.

Theuseofintroductorysignalsgivesthe

impressionthatyouconductedathorough
research
Italsogivesmakesyourthesismoreholistic

 TheBibliographyisthesummaryofthe

sourcesyouusedduringyourresearch
Itmustbeorganizedbasedonthese:
Grouping
Clustering
Sequencing

 Note:PanelistschecktheBibliography.
Tip:Startearly,xtheBibliographyasearly

asthissemestersoyoucanfocusonthe
substantivepartofthethesis.

 Grouping
FirstPart:PrimaryAuthorities
SecondPart:SecondaryAuthorities

Clustering
Organizesourcesofthesameclasstogether
Example:Allbooksmustbelistedtogether.

 Grouping+Clustering
I.

PrimaryAuthorities
A. Constitution
B. Statutes
C. Cases

II. SecondaryAuthorities
A. Books
B. Journals
C. InternetSources

 Sequencing
Forprimarysources:
Constitutionbasedonyearofeectivity
Statutesbasedonclass(BP,PD,RA)
Then,basedonyearofeectivity
Ifsameyear,basedonBP/PD/RAnumber.
Format:ALJBluebook(samewithfootnotes)

Casesbasedonlevelofcourt(SC,CA,RTC)
Then,alphabetically
Format:ALJBluebook

Treaties,UNDocuments,etc.followruleonstatutes.

Sequencing
I.PrimaryAuthorities
A.Constitution
1973PHIL.CONST.
1987PHIL.CONST.
B.Statutes
BatasPambasa
PresidentialDecrees
RepublicActs
C.Jurisprudence
SupremeCourt
CourtofAppeals

 Sequencing
Forsecondarysources:Turabian
Surnamerst
Alphabetical