Molarity of a Solution A

cool aid to chemistry.

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this activity is to:
1. Calculate the amount of solute needed to make a specific concentration of solution and then
make the solution.
2. Calculate the amount needed of concentrate to dilute a concentrated solution to obtain a
new molarity.
DISCUSSION: To calculate the amount of solute needed, the ram formula mass of the
solute must be iven. ! ratio may then be set up to calculate the moles of solute"amount
of solution desired to solve for the amount in moles. This may then be converted to
rams.
#hen a solution is prepared in the lab, a volumetric flask is used. The amount of solute
needed is calculated and then obtained. The solute is placed in the volumetric flask. The
flask has a mark on the neck of the bottle. #ater is then added to this mark, readin the
bottom of the meniscus. The top is then placed on the flask, and the solution is aitated to
obtain a homoeneous mi$ture. Then the concentration of the solution is recorded on the
bottle alon with the solute.
%&!M'(%)
2*+ m( of a 2M ,!-. solution is desired. .ow would this be prepared/
2 moles
1 liter sol'n
0
x moles
0.25 liters
+.*+ moles ,!-. 1 $ rams 2
mole ,!-. 1 40 rams
x = 0.50 moles solute needed
Solve for x:
$ 1 2+ rams
To prepare 2*+ m( of a 2M ,!-. solution: -btain 2+ rams of ,!-. and place in a 2*+ m(
volumetric flask. !dd water to the mark. Stopper and mi$. The solution has
the concentration of 2 molar. (abel the bottle with 2M ,!-..
MATERIALS AND EUIPMENT:
3alance 4ool)aid 5Solute6 57ram formula Mass 1 8+6
12+ m( raduated vial concentrated 9uice solution 5oriinal molarity 1 :M6
papercups
Cold water 5solvent6
SA!ET": This activity is desined to teach concentration. #hen mi$in chemicals in the lab, the
student would not normally be asked to taste a solution. 2n this lab, special precautions have been
taken. The vials used have only been used to make 4ool)aid solutions. Special care must be taken
so that nothin becomes contaminated.
;o not drink the solutions from the vial. The vial is for measurin and mi$in only. Po#$ %&e
sol#%'on 'n%o ( )()e$ *#) +e,o$e -$'n.'n/.
;o not pour the 4ool)aid back into the container if you pour out too much. ;ispose in the
trashcan.
;o not drink the water directly from the s<uirt bottles. The s<uirt bottle is desined to ease the
pourin of the water.
DIRECTIONS:
)3e careful not to contaminate any of the vials durin this lab. ;o not pour the 4ool)aid back into
the container if you take too much. ;ump the e$cess in the trashcan. =se proper techni<ue at all
times.
)>ou will make 8 different solutions of 4ool)aid. 2f at anytime you do not want to taste the
solutions, you do not have to, 9ust ive the solution to the instructor to taste.
!OR ALL EUATIONS: I MOLE 0OOL1AID = 40 2RAMS
The ram formula mass of 1 mole 4ool)aid ) 40 rams
1. The first solution to make is: 1++ mL o, ( 2M 0ool1('- sol#%'on. Step 1:
Calculate the amount in rams of solute needed:
%$ample of calculations are shown below. ?ollow these steps for the preparation of the other
solutions. )
The ram formula mass of the 4ool)aid is 8+ rams )1 1 mole.
To do the calculation: Molarity $ volume 1 moles
The first calculation is to calculate the amount in moles of soiute54ool)aid6 needed. 2 ++ m(
1 +. 2 liters 2moles"liter $ +.1 ( 1 +.2 moles 4ool)aid
,ow convert moles to rams:
+.2 moles 4ool)aid 1
1 mole 4ool)aid
$ rams
40 rams
Solve for x:
$ 1: rams of 4ool)aid,
16
.+@
Step 2: M(.e %&e sol#%'on
To make this solution:
1. Take the clean vial and place on the balance and tare.
2. Slowly pour the solute 54ool)aid6 into the smaller vial until the balance reads : rams. A.
Bemove the vial from the balance and return to your roups.
8. ,ow read the side of the raduated vial. >ou will now add water until the final volume
of the solution is 1 ++ m(.
*. Snap the top on the vial. Shake to mi$ and make a homoeneous mi$ture.
C. 'our into your paper cups 5split with your partner6. Taste the solution. The manufacturer
of Kool-aid recommends this concentration.
;oes your solution taste like the correct concentration/
2. ?or your second solution: Make *+ mL o, ( 4M 0ool1('- sol#%'on:
Show all calculations needed to make the solution. in the
space below.
'lace the amount of solute needed
!mount of solute needed: )
>ou have the calculation, and you know the final volume of the solution should be *+ m(. ,ow
make the solution. Taste the solution. !nswer the followin <uestions:
a. #as the 8M solution more or less concentrated than the 2M solution/
b. Could you taste the difference/
A
A. ,ow make a Ard solution: M(.e 30 mL o, ( 2M sol#%'on. Show all calculations. ?ill in
the line below to indicate the amount of solute added: Taste the solution.
!mount of solute:
8. ,ow make a 8th solution. M(.e 40 mL o, ( I M 0ool1('- sol#%'on. Show all calculations.
?ill in the line below to indicate the amount of solute added. Taste the solution.
!mount of solute:
.ow did this solution taste/ =se terms %o describe the concentration:
8
;2(=T2-,S)
*. There are A different types of very concentrated solutions of 9uice. >ou need to pick your
favorite flavor. All o, %&e sol#%'ons ($e 5M. The correct solution should be 2M. >ou will need to
add water to dilute the solution to obtain the correct molarity.
=se the formul2: M2D2 1 M2D2
1. -btain 2+ ml of the :M 9uice solution in the plastic vial. Calculate the final volume needed to
dilute the solution to a 2M solution. Show all e<uations and calculations. ?ill in the bo$es below.
=sin the calculations, dilute the concentrated 9uice. Taste.
(. ?inal volume o, the solution after dilution 672
b. 2f you started with 2+ m( of solution, how much water was added to the SM solution to make
it a 2M solution/ . ) 5this number is not the same (s D26
2. ,ow fiure out how much of the solution you will need if the final product is to be C+ m( of
a 2M solution. ,ow obtain this amount, dilute, shake. ?lour into your paper cup and drink.
Show all calculations.
a. ;id the drink taste the same as in E1 /
%$plain 8&9:
*
F=%ST2-,S:
1. ;efine the followin terms:
S-(=T%:) ) )
S-(D%,T:
S-(=T2-,:
M-(!B2T>:
2. 2n the first part of the e$periment, what was the solute used/
A. #hat was the solvent used in this l(+:
4. #hat -o 9o# *(ll a solution that #ses 8(%e$ (s %&e sol;en%: An 1 1
1 sol#%'on.
*. .ow many moles of 0NO< are re<uired to make 0.50 liters of a 2.+ M solution o,
4,+A/ )
C. #hat is the molarity of a solution that contains 2: rams of 4-. in 2 liters of
solution/
G. I, *++ m( of 2.+ M .C2 is diluted with water to a volume of 2 liter, what is the molarity o, the
new solution/
:. #hat is the molarity of a solution that contains 8 rams of ,!-. in *++ m( of
solution/ Show all calculations.
H. #hich is more concentrated/ Circle your answer).
200 mL o, ( 5M ,!-. solution or C++ mL o, ( 4M ,!-. solution
C