1.

Two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile, viable hybrids are considered to be different
Species
2. Many species might coexist in a particular environment by occupying different areas called
habitats
3.A virgin pine forest covers a valley, and one of the inhabitants is a red squirrel species. A large volcanic
eruption occurs and separates the valley with a huge lava flow that the squirrels cannot cross, thus
producing two isolated populations of squirrels. What change needs to occur for the two populations of
squirrels to become separate species?
The two squirrel populations become reproductively isolated.
4.The biological species concept of Ernst Mayr can be applied to all of the following except
asexually-reproducing organisms
5.Many male songbirds have very distinctive songs that are used to attract females. These songs are an
example of a(n) ________ reproductive isolating mechanism.
behavioral
6.Several species of sea urchins may inhabit the same tide pool and their reproductive periods overlap.
Although they practice external fertilization, they seldom interbreed because eggs produce chemicals
that are only attractive to sperm of their own species. This is an example of a reproductive isolating
mechanism involving _______________.
gametic isolation

7.The wings of birds and butterflies are examples of structures that resemble each other and have
similar function, but are the result of parallel evolution in separate lineages. This evolutive process is
named convergent evolution and these structures are called
analogous structures
8.The type of speciation that results in the formation of separate species as a result of geographic
isolation is called ____________ speciation.
allopatric
9.According to the ecological species concept, the distinctive or "working" role of a species in nature is
its
niche
10.Lake Victoria, in Africa, had been home to no fewer than 500 species of cichlid. These fishes are
thought to have diversified from a handful of species in as few as 15,000 years, since founding cichlids
exploited a wide range of ecological niches, each of which encouraged specialization. This mode of
speciation is known as
adaptive radiation
11.The common ancestor shared by mouse and gorilla is at point ______ on the phylogeny shown
E
12.Of the following, the correct order from largest, most inclusive group to smallest, most specific
group, is
class, order, family, genus, species
13.True multicellularity is a major characteristic of
eukaryotes only
14.Evolution acts at the level of the
population
15.According to the Biological Species Concept, two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile,
viable hybrids are considered to be different
species
16. Adaptive radiation is best described as the
existence of groups of closely related species recently evolved from a common ancestor
17.If populations within the same geographic area split into species, the process is known as
sympatric speciation
18.Males of several marsupial species have forked penises that are incompatible with female placental
mammals. This is an example of what type of isolating mechanism?
mechanical isolation
19.Which of the following is an example of a r-selected species?
house fly
20.All organisms living together in a place are called a
community
21.The way in which an organism utilizes its environment may be called
its niche
22.Alligators excavate holes in the bottom of bodies of water. During times of severe drought these
holes act as refugia for various aquatic organisms that might perish if there were no water available.
Thus, alligators in this system can be classified as a(n)
keystone species
23.In India, golden jackals that have been expelled from their pack have been known to attach
themselves to a particular tiger, trailing it at a safe distance in order to feed on the big cat's kills. What
type of relationship exists between the jackal and the tiger?
commensalism
24.Which of the following statements is true about the graph?
Humans have low mortality rates early in life