Volume • 66 No.

1
January • February 2004

OTF Board greets enthusiastic crowd for 2003 Trade Show opening.

Inside:
2003 OTF Conference & Show OTF Presents HortShorts
Highlights 2003 Scholarships See pages 22–23

See pages 4–13 See pages 8–9

 This Issue Sponsored By:

January • February 2004

TurfNews distributes useful and timely advice,

information and research from Ohio’s most
knowledgeable experts and professionals to
OTF members and those in the turfgrass industry.
Vol. 66 • No. 1 • 2004
TurfNews is produced by the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation,
PO Box 3388, Zanesville, Ohio 43702–3388,
1–888–OTF–3445 and is available to all members.
www.OhioTurfgrass.org
Back issues of OTF TurfNews are available on our
Inside:
website at www.OhioTurfgrass.org Message From The
2003 OTF President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
OTF Calendar 2003 Ohio Turfgrass
of Events 2004 Conference & Show Wrap-Up. . . . . 4–13

Ohio Sod Producers Association Winter Seminar OTF Live & Silent Auctions . . . . 12–13
February 24, 2004 Golf Course Tips
Ramada Plaza Hotel, Columbus, Ohio
888-683-3445 Freeze Injury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Residential Lawn Care Tips
Ohio State Golf Turf Spring Tee-off Conference Urban Landscape Ecology Program . . 15
February 25–27, 2004
Holiday Inn on the Lane, Columbus, Ohio SportsTurf Tips
888-683-3445 It’s All in the Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16–17
Sod Producers Tips
OSU Sports Turf Short Course
March 1–3, 2004
Turfgrass Sod & Seed Installation . . 18
Ohio State Stadium, Columbus Ohio Graduate Student Corner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
614-292-8571
New Growth & Technology

Northeast Ohio Lawn Care Seminar (OLCA) Turfgrass Weed Control

June 17, 2004 & Herbicide Update–2004. . . . . . 20–21
OARDC, Wooster, Ohio
800-510-5296
HortShorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22–23
Message from the Executive Director . . . . . . . . 26
OTF/OSU Research Turfgrass Field Day
August 18, 2004 Corporate Sponsor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
OTF Research & Education Center, Columbus, Ohio
888-683-3445
For more information or to register for OTF events,
please contact the OTF office at 888-683-3445 or
visit www.OhioTurfgrass.org.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 2
 Message From
The President
A Look Back! Did you attend the
2003 Ohio Turfgrass
We have all heard the phrase “how quickly time goes
Conference & Show?
by”. This has become even more evident as I write my final
“Message from the President.”
We need your feedback!
When I was asked to become a Trustee for the Ohio Every year after the Ohio
Turfgrass Foundation, my daughter Dylan was just turning Turfgrass Conference & Show,
3 years old (my son John was born 2 years later). As I surveys are sent to the
write this article, Dylan (now 10) walked by wearing exhibitors to learn more about
Hip Hugging pants, a jean jacket and has a mouth what they liked or didn’t like
full of braces! about the show. Valuable feed-
A lot has changed in 7 years for both my family life back is utilized when planning
and OTF. I look back and think of all the accomplish- future shows.
ments that OTF has achieved the last 7 years. Here is an
Just as important though is
outline of what your OTF board has accomplished:
what you, the members, think of
• New Management Company—Offinger Management—Negotiated 2 contracts
OTF’s annual conference and
since 1997.
show. With this in mind, an
• The OTF Research & Education Facility has been paid for. online survey was emailed to all
• OTF created the “Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust” to act as a fundraising arm of attendees whose email address
OTF. OTRT established the “Founders Club” fundraising campaign in 2003. was available. Chances are we
• The Ohio Turfgrass Conference & Show continues to be recognized as the top missed many of you, but we still
regional show in the country and attracts leading turfgrass experts for over 80 want your feedback.
hours of educational sessions. The brief survey is only 10
• Opportunities for Excellence—A strategic planning meeting was held in April, questions, but will provide the
2003 to develop a common vision between OTF, OTRT and OSU which outlines planning committees with valu-
a purpose and mission of the Turfgrass Science Team. One vision to be intro- able information for making
duced—Professional Golf Management Program (PGM). future OTF Conference & Shows
• Collaboration task force was created between OTF, OLCA & OSTMA in even better. To take the survey,
an effort to find ways for Ohio turf related industries to work more closely please type the following
with one another. address into your web browser
• New division within OTF was created for members of the Ohio Sod Producers and give us your thoughts. It
Association will only take a couple minutes.
• And many more! http://www.ohioturfgrass.org/
Serving on the OTF board has truly been an honor. I have had the opportunity mds_dev/Surveys/03OTFShow
to work with people who share the same passion for The Ohio State University and AttSurvey.html
OTF. I have learned that each person who volunteers their time to OTF “can The OTF Program Development
make a difference.” and Trade Show Development
I would like to thank the 2003 OTF board for all their hard work this year, and Committees are already making
especially the Committee Chairs—Todd Voss (Membership), Glen Pottenger (Public plans for the December, 2004
Relations), Mark Jordan (Golf Tournament), Dr. John Street (Education), and Boyd Ohio Turfgrass Conference &
Montgomery (Tradeshow). Show—we would appreciate
I would also like to thank Kevin Thompson and Offinger Management your input!
Company for their support in 2003. Finally, I would like to thank George Furrer for
his support this past year. Good luck to George as he begins his reign as the 2004
President of OTF.

John Mowat
2003 President, OTF OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 3
Trade Show Wrap-Up

OTF Conference & Show

Continuing the Tradition of Success!

2003
2001
America’s Premier
Turfgrass Event

he OTF trade show committee worked

T hard in 2003 to make sure that the OTF

Conference and Trade Show wasn’t just
another trade show! This year’s attendance of
4295 (3902 in 2002) turfgrass and landscape
professionals attended the new and improved
show! The biggest change were the dates of the
conference which moved the show to the
Tuesday–Friday schedule. Although the commit-
tee was skeptical at first, the majority of the
vendors displaying had requested such a
change and the committee listened! The trade
show featured many new changes such as a
special preview night on Tuesday evening with
our kick off keynote Earle Bruce, signing auto-
graphs on the trade show floor. Also new to the
trade show this year were the OTF Motor
Speedway, where participants could test there
driving abilities around a miniature race track,
and complimentary lunch for all attendees on
the show floor on Thursday.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 4
The Live and Silent Auction, along with the
reverse raffle, helped raise over $16,000. The
Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust (OTRT) also used
the show to kick off their new Founders Club
campaign. By the end of the show the OTRT had
commitments for more than $50,000. The OTRT
board would like to thank the exhibitors and
members for their generosity in donating and
purchasing the auction items and raffle tickets.
The Annual Awards Banquet was moved this
year to the Hyatt Regency Ballroom. Many out-
standing students and individuals received great
recognition at this event. This year’s banquet
featured magician/comedian Bill Maxwell.
Maxwell entertained the audience with some
great tricks and probably still has something
belonging to OTF Trustee Glen Pottenger!
The Innovation Station was back for 2003 and
featured many new items from the exhibitors.
Turf Magazine again sponsored the area.

New this year was the introduction of a new and

improved pocket guide for the conference and
show, produced by Golfdom Magazine.
Plans are already underway for the 2004 Ohio
Turfgrass Conference and Show scheduled for
December 7th-10th, 2004 in Columbus. I would
like to thank the 2003 Trade Show committee
for all their hard work, including: Joe Enciso,
George Furrer, Don Karlson, John Mowat,
Glen Pottenger, Lin Ropp, Gregg Schaner, and
Todd Voss.
If you have any suggestions for future shows,
please contact the OTF office at 888-683-3445.
See you in December!

Boyd R. Montgomery, CSFM

2003 Trade Show Chairman

OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 5

 Annual OTF Professional Awards
Three annual OTF professional awards
were presented at this year’s Awards
Banquet on December 10, 2003.

Bob Brame, USGA, Director, North Central

Green Section, was presented with the
Professional of the Year award for his com-
mitment to the golf industry and for support-
ing the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation and its
annual conference and show. Brame’s award
was presented by Dennis Warner,
Superintendent, Kenwood Country Club.

Bob Brame: Professional of the Year

Ohio Turfgrass Foundation
Bob Brame, a member of OTF since 1990,
received this year’s 2003 Professional of the Year
Award. Growing up, Brame wanted to be a professional
golfer and looked to his father as a role model. He graduat-
ed from Purdue University with a Bachelor of Science
degree in Agronomy in 1972. As a previous USGA agrono-
mist, Brame served the states of Delaware, Maryland,
Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Working eighteen years as a golf course superintendent, he
ventured to Mexico, Chicago, Lafayette, and Indianapolis.
Currently, Brame is Director of the USGA Green Section’s
North Central Region. As Director of the USGA, Brame
serves courses in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Montana,
Ohio, and Wisconsin. Along with his current position, he
conducts Turf Advisory Service visits in Indiana, Kentucky,
and Ohio. Brame is highly respected for his knowledge by
superintendents in Ohio and throughout the region.
As a long time member of OTF, Brame feels that OTF is
“vitally important to all turf managers in Ohio, surrounding
states, and nationally.” He has assisted OTF over the
years in providing seminars and panels at the Ohio
Turfgrass Conference and Show. He has more recently
provided superintendents at the OTF Conference with
the highly popular “Morning with the USGA”, a two-
hour educational session addressing present day issues
and problems facing superintendents. Brame has been a
professional in the industry for over thirty years and he
has dedicated the last fifteen years of his career to the
USGA serving his fellow superintendents.
Brame is also a member of the American Society of
Agronomy, Golf Course Superintendents Association of
America, and several local and state superintendents
associations. What he loves most about this profession is
“the wonderful camaraderie and being outdoors.”
Outside of loving his job, Brame also loves spending
time with his family and friends, participating in church
activities, and working on computers. He currently lives
in Covington, Kentucky with his wife Rhonda.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 6


Congratulations to all of this year’s award recipients.
Dr. Michael Boehm, The Ohio State University, Department
of Plant Pathology, was presented with a Professional
Excellence Award by Dr. Steve Nameth for his accomplish-
ments in turfgrass research and education.
Dr. Michael Boehm—OTF’s Professional Excellence Award
Dr. Michael Boehm, Associate Professor in the Department of Plant Pathology at The
Ohio State University, received a 2003 OTF Professional Excellence Award. Boehm
received his Master’s and Ph. D degrees in Plant Pathology from The Ohio State
University in 1990 and 1992, respectively. Upon graduation, he served as a
Postdoctoral Research Plant Pathologist at the USDA Agricultural Research Service’s
Horticultural Crops Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon. He then served as Assistant
Professor in the Department of Biology at Monmouth College in Illinois. He joined OSU
as Assistant Professor in Plant Pathology in 1996.
Boehm’s chief responsibilities at OSU are 45% teaching, 40% research, and 15%
extension. His teaching responsibilities focus on turfgrass pathology and disease man-
agement. He teaches numerous courses including Turfgrass Diseases (612), Integrated
Pest Management (613), and General Plant Pathology (401). He has won many awards
in the college and university for his teaching excellence including: The Ohio State
University Alumni Award for Distinguished Teaching in 1999, The Ohio State University
College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Science Plimpton Outstanding Teaching
Award in recognition of a commitment to teaching excellence in 2000, and
Outstanding Teaching in the Plant Sciences Award from the undergraduate students in
crop science, horticulture, and plant pathology in 2001.
Boehm’s key research areas include: The use of compost and other bio-control
agents for managing turfgrass diseases and turfgrass health; the study of root zone
mixes, especially the organic component for the effective management of root dis-
eases; the study of the micro ecology of the root zone profile; dollar spot management
and the study of resistance problems on golf courses dealing with this disease; numer-
ous applied fungicide trials assessing the commercially available fungicides, experi-
mental fungicides, and the use of other biological agents and materials to manage tur-
fgrass diseases; and the evaluation of various management and cultural practices and
their impact on turfgrass health and disease management.
Boehm recently returned from a call to duty from the U. S. Navy Reserves in which
he has been a member since 1995. He was stationed in Silver Springs, Maryland
where he managed the daily operations of the Biological Defense Research
Directorate. Boehm was also involved in the search and disposal of the anthrax-
enhanced letters testing over 16,000 samples that came in from the federal govern-
ment. He also developed a disaster recovery training program for vessels under biolog-
ical attack. Boehm said, “It was a difficult absence. I was away from family, friends,
colleagues, and OSU. But such a call to duty requires you to go and to help provide
answers. So much is at stake.”
Boehm has been active on numerous OTF committees, writes regularly for the OTF
TurfNews, presents seminars and workshops at the OTF Conference and Show, and
presently serves as a member of the OTF Research Review Advisory Committee.
Professional Excellence
Jim Hippley, Superintendent, Salem Golf Course,
was presented a Professional Excellence award by
John Spodnik for this many years of excellence in
golf turf management.
Jim Hippely—OTF’s Professional
Excellence Award The recipient of 2003 Professional
Excellence Award was Jim Hippely. As a child, Hippely
wanted to be an Ohio State patrolman, but his first job as a
caddie steered him in the direction he is still following
today. At age sixty-four, Hippely has been a superintendent
for Salem Golf Course in Ohio for thirty-six years. He
spends his days maintaining the private two hundred acre,
18-hole golf course. He has been an active member of OTF
since 1972. Hippely feels that being an OTF member is
important because it informs him about current technology.
He is also a member of the Golf Course Superintendents
Association of America (GCSAA) and the Northern Ohio Golf
Course Superintendents Association (NOGCSA). Hippely has
been heavily involved in the NOGCSA over the years chair-
ing many committees, holding all the offices of the associa-
tion, and serving as President for two consecutive years in
the mid eighties.
Hippely’s long time friend and role model, John
Spodnik, presented him with the award. Spodnik described
Hippely as being a “keeper of the Green at heart!” He
explains how Hippely has “raised the bar on course main-
tenance and conditioning to a level that is admired and
appreciated by all of his peers and his club membership.”
Hippely feels he received the award due to his dedication
to his profession. He says that this award is “the highest
honor” since it is from his colleagues. When asked if he
had any words of wisdom for newcomers to the field he
said, “Work hard and keep informed.” Over the years,
Hippely has found that working hard, being honest, and
giving a hundred percent are the keys to success.
To date his greatest achievement is his tenure at Salem
Golf Course. During his tenure, Spodnik explains how
Hippely promoted professionalism and more recognition for
the superintendents, both regionally and locally. Spodnik
praised him as being the “Perfect Role Model.” In ten
years, Hippely sees himself being semi-retired, as for now
he describes his job as “the best” and he will use his free
time to travel and play golf.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 7
 OTF 2003 Scholarships Recipients



















2003 Scholarships Presented
Awarding scholarships to turfgrass students at Ohio Congratulations to the following five students
schools and universities is an important function of the for receiving the 2003 R.D. Baker Memorial
Ohio Turfgrass Foundation. OTF has awarded more Scholarships:
than $390,000 in student scholarships since 1964. Michael C. Fasick, OSU
OTF presented scholarships to turfgrass students Brian McGuire, OSU/ATI
from around Ohio, including the annual Max Szturm, Thad Mertz, OSU/ATI
Don Sweda, and George Biddulph Memorial Jonathan Scott, OSU/ATI
Scholarships. Myron Szwec, OSU/ATI

Following is a listing of 2003 OTF Scholarships Additionally, several other scholarships were presented
Winners: this year by related organizations. OTF greatly appreciates
Ryan Beeson, OSU this support for Ohio’s turfgrass industry.
Rodney Bockrath, OSU (David Mellor Scholarship)
Matthew Cochran, OSU Bayer Corporation
Joshua Hensley, OSU/ATI Lance Fox, OSU
Kyle Leppelmeier, Owens Community College
Brad Novotny, OSU Central Ohio GCSA (Glenn B. Hudson)
Gina Wirthman, OSU
Kyle Smith, OSU
Three OTF Memorial Scholarship recipients are
selected each year to exceptional students deserving spe- Miami Valley GCSA
cial recognition for their outstanding accomplishments Shane Rhinehart, Clark State
in school, work, and the community.
The 2003 recipients include: Northern Ohio GCSA
George Biddulph Memorial Scholarship Gregory Deckerd
Ryan Margraf, OSU Thad Mertz
James Noel
Don Sweda Memorial Scholarship Jonathan Scott
Mark Kuligowski, OSU Myron Szwec

Max Szturm Memorial Scholarship Columbus District Golf Association/

Thomas Champa, OSU Jack Kidwell Memorial
Ryan Beeson, OSU
An additional $10,500 was awarded to five students Matt Cochran, OSU
that received the Ronald D. Baker Memorial Lance Fox, OSU
Scholarships, presented by Doug Halterman. The Mark Kuligowski, OSU
Ronald D. Baker Memorial Scholarship of the Dayton Sam Leatherbery, OSU
Foundation was established in 1993 in honor of Ronald Ryan Margraf, OSU
D. Baker, a past chairman of Leisure Lawn, Inc., who
believed in the necessity of continued educational
opportunities for all individuals. The fund provides The Ohio Turfgrass Foundation congratulates
scholarships to students at The Ohio State University all 2003 Scholarship recipients and looks for-
pursuing a degree in Turfgrass Management. In 2001, ward to their continued contributions to
OTRT was granted the privilege of awarding these schol- Ohio’s turfgrass industry. For information
arships on behalf of the Baker family. regarding 2004 scholarships contact the
OTF office at 888-683-3445, or visit the
OTF website at www.OhioTurfgrass.org.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 8
 2003 Scholarship Recipients

2003







2003 Memorial Scholarship Recipients

Bill Prest, Sweetbriar Golf Club, Fred Bosch, OTF Past President, pre- Hank Chafin, Larch Tree Golf Course,
presents the 2003 George Biddulph sents Mark Kuligowski with the 2003 presents the 2003 Max Szturm Memorial
Memorial Scholarship to Ryan Margraf. Don Sweda Memorial Scholarship. Scholarship to Thomas Champa.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 9

 Doug Halterman: Honorary Lifetime
Membership Award Ohio Turfgrass Foundation
Doug Halterman—OTF’s Honorary Lifetime
Membership Award A member of the OTF for over thirty
years Doug Halterman won the 2003 Honorary Lifetime
Membership Award. Halterman grew up on a farm in a small
town. He graduated from The Ohio State University in 1972 with
a degree in Agronomy specializing in turfgrass management.
Halterman thanks Warren Post, a Scott’s associate, for loaning
him the money to start college. He explains that Post’s only stip-
ulation was that he pays back the money so Post could again
use the money to help someone else with his/her college
expenses. Halterman was so grateful that he paid back the loan
in full with his first wages. He explains that without Post’s “no
interest loan,” he doubts if he would have gone to college.
Upon graduation, he worked for a short time as an analytical
research specialist with O.M. Scott & Sons in Marysville, Ohio.
He joined Leisure Lawn, Inc. in Dayton, Ohio in 1972 as an
agronomist with responsibilities of agronomic programming,
technical training, and purchasing. After twenty-eight years,
Halterman has retired from Leisure Lawn, Inc. At the time of his
retirement he was Senior Vice President and General Manager.
His daily duties included supervising corporate staff of ten and
supervising the management staff at eleven branch offices.
During his time as an OTF member Halterman has served as
chairman of all the OTF committees including conference and
show, and OTF program planning. He served as OTF board
trustee for two-terms and was elected Vice President in 1986.
He later went on to serve as President of OTF in 1987.
Halterman worked diligently with the OTF during the 1990’s
to present on numerous high profile projects including the plan-
ning and construction of the OTF Research and Educational
Facility, the OTF Silent Auction, OTF Strategic Planning, and more
recently the Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust. Halterman’s contribu-
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 10
The highly prestigious OTF
Honorary Lifetime
Membership Award was
granted to Doug Halterman,
former VP of Leisure Lawn,
by OTF Past Presidents Harry
Murray and Gene Probasco.
They praised Doug for his
involvement in promoting
scholarships to turfgrass stu-
dents and vision in develop-
ing the OTF Research
Education center at OSU.
tions over the years have been invaluable to OTF’s success. He
won the OTF Professional Excellence Award in 1988, the
Professional of the Year Award in 1992, and the Special
Recognition Award in 1995.
Halterman believes, “Membership in OTF is a privilege since
you meet so many people in the industry who can teach you so
much.” He has never seen anyone turned away when they need-
ed an answer or help with a problem. “Membership allows you to
develop relationships with others in the industry that last for a
lifetime.” He explains how knowledge and education are what
drives careers and OTF gives both of these to its’ members.
Halterman appreciates this award because it speaks so highly of
the faith OTF put in him over the years.
A piece of wisdom that Halterman would like to share with
newcomers to the field is to get involved with OTF. He feels that
involvement will challenge newcomers, and the wisdom and
knowledge they will gain from participation will far outweigh any
effort they put into the organization. When asked what he has
learned over the years, he concluded, “Be honest, work hard and
don’t be afraid to try something different. I’ve always looked at
making mistakes two ways. One is a mistake of omission. These
are mistakes made because nothing was done and no effort was
made. I always considered these mistakes unacceptable. The
other mistake is a mistake of commission. These are mistakes
made because you tried to do something, you didn’t set on your
hands, you tried your best to get the job done. These mistakes
are always learning experiences and hopefully the lessons
learned will be remembered and built upon. After all, the only
people who make no mistakes are those who don’t do anything.”
At age fifty-seven, Halterman spends his time traveling and
enjoying retirement with his wife Paulette of thirty-four years. He
also likes playing golf, working with computers, and playing the
guitar.
2003 President Recognized
Outgoing 2003 OTF President John Mowat was hon-
ored for his contributions to Ohio’s turfgrass industry
at this year’s Annual Awards Banquet. Mowat was pre-
sented a plaque and personal gift by Vice President
George Furrer, who thanked him for his many years of
dedicated service to OTF.
John graduated from The Ohio State University with a
B.S. in Business in 1986. His interests in the green
industry began while working at Riviera Country Club
during his final two years at Ohio State.
He has been a Commercial Sales Representative with
Century Equipment since 1987, and is presently Sales
Manager for the Golf Division.
Mowat thanked the OTF Board of Directors, The OSU
Turfgrass Science Team, the OTF membership, Century
Equipment President Bob O’Brien, and most important-
ly, his wife Amy for all their support during his term.
Thanks John for a great year!

OTF Presents Check at Annual

Awards Dinner John Mowat
& Dr. Keith
Smith, OSU
Extension
The Ohio State University administration Director.
accepted OTF’s 2003 check in the
amount of $161,853 from OTF President
John Mowat. The check represents
$138,353 in research grants and financial
support for the operations of the OTF
Research & Education Facility, and
$23,500 in student scholarships.
OTF has donated more than $3.7 million
to turfgrass research and over $390,000
in scholarships since 1964.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 11

Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust Live & Silent Auctions
Live Auctions a Big Hit at 2003 Show
The Live Auction held at the 2003 OTF
Conference & Show was a big hit as more than
$16,000 was raised for turfgrass research and scholar-
ships. The funds generated by the auction support
the Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust (OTRT), the char-
itable fund-raising arm of OTF.
The auction was held in the convention center
cafe immediately after the close of the trade show on
Wednesday, December 10. Thanks to the help of four
friendly “Coors Lite Silver Bullets” distributing “FREE
Beverage” coupons, several hundred people gathered
to view and bid on the many great items donated by
OTF members and exhibitors.
In addition to the Live Auction was a Silent
Auction and the Reverse Raffle. OTRT and OTF vol-
unteers sold 250 raffle tickets at $20 each throughout
the first 2 days of the show. 10 winners were selected
(or not selected, since it was a reverse raffle) to
receive $100 cash prizes, along with a Grand Prize
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 1 • 2002 • Page 14
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 12
winner of $1000, which went to a lucky attendee.
Not a bad Return on Investment!
Several great items were sold at bargain prices at
the auctions, including autographed memorabilia,
OSU vs. Michigan Football tickets, Fiesta Bowl tickets,
Cleveland Indians and Cincinnati Reds tickets, hotel
packages, turf equipment and supplies, and more.
The goal is to continue to grow the auction so that
more than $20,000 may be raised by the 2004 auction
committee, which will be working hard throughout the
year soliciting donations from OTF’s members and
suppliers.
The auction is organized and managed by the
OTRT Board of Directors and chaired by Joe Duncan,
Ever Green Lawn Care. On behalf of the Ohio
Turfgrass Foundation and the Ohio Turfgrass
Research Trust, we would like to thank donors of this
year’s auction (listed on page 13). They proved that
raising funds for turfgrass research can be fun!
 The 2003 OTF Auction generated over $16,000 for
turfgrass research and student scholarships.

Donated items were on display with the help of the popular

Live Auction a Big Hit at 2002 Show

Many great deals were available for a variety of great items in the
Coors Lite Silver Bullets.
live Auction.

2003 Auction Donors

• Acorn Farms
• Advanced Turf Solutions
• Alvis Materials
• Anderson Instrument Supply
• Andersons, The
• BASF Corporation
• Bayer Environmental Science
• Brookside Labs
• C&S Turf Care
Equipment, Inc.
• Carson Industries
• Century Equipment
• Club Car, Inc.
• Colein & Kuhn Associates, Inc.
• Com-Til Facility
• Crowne Plaza Hotel
• Dakota Peat
• Dixie Chopper
• Dow AgroSciences
• Joe Duncan
• Eagle One Golf Products
• EarthWorks Natural
• Organic Products
Envirosure Technologies
• Eureka Chemical
Company
• FMC Corp.
• Fairmount Minerals
(Best Sand)
• Finn Corp
• Forestry Suppliers, Inc.
• George Furrer
• GP Marketing
• Garick Corporation
• Green Velvet Sod Farms
• Grigg Brothers
• Mark Grunkemeyer
• Helena Chemical
• Highland Country Club
• Hyatt Regency Columbus
• Jacklin Seeds/JR Simplot
• Kincaid Inc.
• Larch Tree Golf Course
• Lavy Enterprises Turf
Grass Inc.
• LESCO, Inc.
• Liquid Fence Co., Inc.
• Markers Inc.
• McCord Terra Tire Sales
• Millcreek Mfg–Hord
Marketing
• Morral Companies
• Motz Group, The
• John Mowat
• Oglebay Norton Sports
Turf Services
• Oliger Seed Company
• OSU–Dr. Karl Danneberger
• OSU–Dr. John Street
• OTF
• Plant Health Care, Inc.
• Reelcraft Industries
• Standard Golf
• SISIS
• Tru-Turf Equipment
• Ty-Crop
• Ultimate Golf Rake, The
• Ventrac by Venture
Products Inc.
• Todd Voss
• Westfield Group
Country Club
• White Metal Golf
• Wolf Creek
• Xenia Power Equipment

OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 13

 Golf Course Tips
Freeze Injury
Karl Danneberger
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science
The Ohio State University
D
uring the dead of winter questions often arise
about “winter hardiness” or resistance to low
temperature injury. Freezing stress (turfgrass
injury due to direct low temperatures) is a concern for
some turfgrasses and not others. In Ohio, freeze injury
is not a problem on creeping bentgrass or Kentucky
bluegrass golf course turfs. However, annual bluegrass
and perennial ryegrass are potentially susceptible in
northern Ohio, and bermudagrass are susceptible in
southern Ohio. The relative killing temperatures of
annual bluegrass, perennial ryegrass and bermudagrass
is 5°F, 5° to -3°F, and 19°F, respectively. Although tem-
peratures in Ohio often drop below these tempera-
tures, there are additional factors that help turfgrass
plants avoid killing temperatures. First, snow cover will
moderate temperatures around the plant considerably.
Temperatures under the snow cover often remain
around freezing or slightly below. Thus, the critical tem-
perature is the temperature around the growing point.
Turfgrass growing points including crowns, rhizomes
and stolons, are in close contact with the soil or located
in the soil, which makes soil temperatures the more
important “temperature”.
When is freeze injury most likely to occur?
The potential for freeze injury is the highest when
a warming trend occurs in late winter (here in Ohio
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 14
usually around the middle of February), causing the
plants to begin breaking dormancy (green-up may
actually occur), followed by a rapid drop in tempera-
ture. Freeze/thaw cycles in late winter increase the
potential for freeze injury especially if water (standing
or saturated soil condition) is present around the
plants. The bottom line is at this time there is not
much concern. Again, annual bluegrass turf in low-
lying areas is where the probability of freeze injury is
the greatest.
How can I check for the severity of injury or
the health of my turf through winter?
There are two major ways for assessing turf dam-
age either by checking the viability of the crown, or
grow the plants out in a warm area. Determining via-
bility of the crown is accomplished by looking at the
crown of the plant. If the crown appears white and
firm, new plants will be generated and the turf will
recover once conditions become favorable for growth.
If the crown is brown and mushy, the plant is dead
and recovery will not occur from these growing points.
For many people, the crown of annual bluegrass is dif-
ficult to find (the crown may be no thicker than the
thickness of a dime). A second method is to take a
cup cutter size sample of the turf and place it in a
warm well-lit place and observe for growth.
Residential Turf Tips
Urban Landscape
Ecology Program
Dr. Parwinder Grewal
Department of Entomology • The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster
T
he green industry has grown tremendously
during the past few decades. According to
PLACAA, homeowners in the US alone spent
$17.4 billion on professional lawn care, landscape, and
tree care services in 2000. However, banning of highly
effective products, stringent regulations by local gov-
ernments on the use of chemical pesticides and inor-
ganic fertilizers, chemical and nutrient run-off issues,
and changing public perception about the safety of
chemical pesticides to the environment and human
health, have created new challenges for the continued
growth of the lawn and landscape industry. To address
these emerging urban landscape needs, the Ohio
State University has established a new interdisciplinary
research, education, and outreach initiative, the
Urban Landscape Ecology Program. This program
builds on the strength of the Ohio State University in
turfgrass, ornamentals, and landscape research and
extension programs and aims to capture the essence
of changing public attitudes to develop new technolo-
gies and build a comprehensive approach to urban
landscape planning, establishment and maintenance.
There are over 30 researchers and Extension per-
sonnel from different colleges within and outside of
the Ohio State University that form the backbone of
this new program. The program will use the science of
ecology to develop strategies for establishing sustain-
able and socially acceptable urban landscapes. The
program seeks to enhance public awareness of the
many benefits of well established landscapes and pro-
vide unbiased information to the public while working
closely with the green industry, homeowners, land-
scapers, lawncare providers, city schools, city recre-
ation and planning departments, local governments,
and above all within the university community. We
–A New Interdisiplinary Research,
Education and Outreach Program at
The Ohio State University
believe that the remarkable gradient of environments
in Ohio from highly managed, almost completely con-
structed, landscapes to minimally managed, almost
natural areas in the urban and suburban settings pre-
sent an opportunity for research, extension and edu-
cation. Ohio also represents a rapidly expanding
urban population with large urban centers including
Columbus, Cincinnati, Cleveland and Toledo. Thus,
the new program will fill a huge void in the overall
university mission.
Overall Mission
1. Expand the ecological paradigm into urban land-
scape management and build environmental stew-
ardship in urban areas.
2. Develop and promote ecosystem based approach-
es to urban landscape planning, establishment,
and management that are economical and sustain-
able, thus reducing the size of the ecological foot-
print of the urban ecosystems (i.e., dependence
on other ecosystems).
3. Develop new ecologically sound technologies and
tools, and establish an ecological landscape profes-
sionals program.
4. Develop new business opportunities for urban
developers, landscapers and lawn care providers
based on sustainable and edible landscapes, and
off-season employment and revenue opportunities.
To participate and support this program
please contact Dr. Parwinder Grewal at
330-263-3963 (Phone); 330-263-3686
(fax); E-mail: Grewal.4@osu.edu
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 15
 Sports Turf Tips
It’s All in the Air
Pamela J. Sherratt & Dr. John R. Street •
Martyn Jones of The National Turfgrass Foundation
in England gives us some pointers on the importance of
soil aeration.
Adequate soil aeration is essential to the
process of respiration by turfgrass roots and
soil microbes, whereby carbohydrates and
oxygen are utilized to provide energy for
growth and development, giving off carbon
dioxide and water as by-products of the
chemical reaction.
For efficient respiration by roots and microbes,
oxygen must be supplied into the soil atmosphere in
adequate amounts and excess carbon dioxide must be
removed. An exchange of these two gases between the
soil atmosphere and the outside atmosphere occurs by
diffusion through soil macropores (larger pores, hav-
ing a diameter greater than 0.06 mm). The aeration
status of a soil can be measured by the oxygen diffu-
sion rate (ODR), which indicates the rate at which
oxygen can be replenished when it is used by respir-
ing roots or microorganisms.
The outside atmosphere contains about 79%
Even a thin layer of saturated soil at the
surface will limit oxygen availability to
the roots.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 16
The Ohio State University
Nitrogen (N2), 21% Oxygen (O2), and 0.035% Carbon
Dioxide (CO2). Concentrations of CO2 can commonly
be 10 to 100 times greater in soil air as a result of res-
piration of roots and organisms. There is generally
slightly less O2 than the outside atmosphere and N2
remains nearly constant. The O2 content may be only
slightly below 20% in the upper layers of a well struc-
tured soil but may drop to less than 5% or even to
near zero in the lower horizons of a poorly drained
soil with few macropores.
In well-aerated soils, the exchange of gases is suffi-
ciently rapid to maintain adequate oxygen levels. For
most land plants, the supply of oxygen in the soil air
must be kept above 10%. In turn, concentrations of
carbon dioxide and other potentially toxic gases (e.g.
methane) must not become excessive.
Poor soil aeration can occur:
• When the soil moisture content in the soil is so
high that pore spaces are occupied by water and
there is little or no room for gases.
• When the exchange of gases between the soil and
the outside atmosphere is so slow that desirable lev-
els of soil oxygen cannot be maintained. This can
occur even when sufficient total air space is avail-
able in the soil.
 Demand For Oxygen
During hot weather, the demand for soil oxygen
may be greater than the rate at which it can diffuse
into the soil. This can be common in fine-textured
soils or compacted soils during periods of high tem-
perature. Irrigation applied during hot, sunny weather
will also hinder gaseous exchange. This is because oxy-
gen diffuses through water ten thousand times slower
than it does through air. The underlying soil may be
relatively dry and potentially well aerated, but oxygen
availability to roots can be severely depleted by even a
thin layer of saturated soil at the surface.
With depleted oxygen availability, the roots can
lose their capacity to absorb sufficient water to com-
pensate for transpiration losses. Consequently, the
plants wilt, even though there may be adequate soil
moisture. It is for this reason that irrigation during the
heat of the day should be avoided.
The moral of the story is not to think of aer-
ation as only part of the field renovation done
in the fall of 2004, but to prepare for this year
by maintaining adequate soil aeration through-
out the spring & summer months when the
demand for oxygen is at it’s greatest.
We hope that you have found STT informa-
tive. Our aim is to provide you with articles on
high-cut turf. If you have any questions, or
would like to suggest subject matter for future
tips, please contact us:
Dr. John R Street—street.1@osu.edu
Pam Sherratt—sherratt.1@osu.edu
Don’t forget to register for the SPORTS
TURF SHORT COURSE AT OSU STADIUM
March 1-3. For information, go to
http://hcs.osu.edu/sportsturf or call (614) 292-
8571. We’ll see you there!

OSU Annual Sports

Turf Short Course
in The Recruitment Room,
Ohio State Stadium

March 1–3, 2004

Monday 1st March:
Sand-Based Field Symposium with Dr. Ed McCoy (OSU),
Dr. Dave Minner (Iowa) and Dr. John Street (OSU).
A comprehensive look at the performance criteria of rootzone materials used for high
traffic playing surfaces, including sand physical properties, stability, hydrology, organic and inorganic amendments,
cultural management practices, and an introduction to soil chemical properties.

Tuesday 2nd & Wednesday 3rd March:

OSU’s turfgrass faculty, Coach Jim Tressel, the OSTMA board, and visiting speakers;
Dr. A.J.Powell (Kentucky), Dr. Dave Minner (Iowa), Dr. Gil Landry (Georgia), Dr. Andy McNitt (Penn State)
Presenting the most up-to-date information on the management of athletic fields.
This will encompass sand, native soil and artificial playing surfaces.

For A More Detailed Agenda, Visit: http://hcs.osu.edu/sportsturf

To Register: For purchase orders and credit card charges, register via phone (614) 292-8571
or Fax (614) 292-0492, Monday-Friday 9:00-4:00PM. Course Information Contact: Pam Sherratt (614) 292-7457 or
e-mail: sherratt.1@osu.eduPurchase orders should be attached to a registration form and sent to:The Ohio State University,
Conference Management, 225 Mount Hall, 1050 Carmack Rd., Columbus, Ohio 43210.

Alternatively, you can register on-line at: http://www.pware.com/2753

Full Registration (3 days): $300.00 • Tuesday & Wednesday: $210.00 • Monday Only: $125.00
 Sod Producers Tips
Turfgrass Sod and Seed Installation
Factors to Consider When Recommending Turf Installation Alternatives

Properly established and maintained lawns are a life-time
investment, adding to the value of the property, its safe,
clean and enjoyable use and even a benefit to the envi-
ronment as the tightly inter-woven plants of a mature
lawn clean the air by releasing oxygen as it uses carbon
dioxide, traps particulate pollution and cleanses runoff
water that helps restore our groundwater supplies.
Making the wrong decisions when a lawn is established
will cost time, energy, money and natural resources.
•••
Making the right decisions when a lawn is established
will create a beautiful, useable and enjoyable invest-
ment.

Factors to Consider Seed Hydroseed Turfgrass Sod

Time of Year to Install Not recommended for Winter or Summer, possible in Spring, best in Year-round installation, even on
Fall for most areas frozen ground if sod is available
Soil Preparation Same for all types of lawn installation: Deeply till soil, add necessary amendments and fertilizers, grade and
level for smooth surface, remove all debris, lightly pack and moisten.
Water Requirements Highest water needs - Bare soil Moderate to high water needs. Lowest water needs - Water at instal-
will dry quickly Mulch will preserve some moisture lation to a depth of 6-inches, then
light watering for 2 - 3 weeks. Grass
Water lightly for 3 to 4 weeks, keeping surface moist, begin to apply 1-
will shade soil and prevent dying.
inch of water per week after first mowing.
Seed Quality Extremely variable because of germination rates, weed and foreign mat- Typically highest available sod
ter content; unknown or unspecified varieties. Generally lower quality quality, elite seed. May be certified
seed than used in cultivated sod production to prove specific variety. Mixtures
& blends used to suit area need.
Weed Control Multiple applications of chemicals usually required to combat competi- Minimal, if any chemical control
tive weed invasions until turf is well established. required
Uniformity of Coverage Seeding varieties, rates, germination times, wash-outs (erosion), traffic, 99 to 100% uniformity with use of
feeding birds and rodents can create spottiness. mature turfgrass sod.

Mulch layer may reduce some

problems
Runoff/Erosion Heavy rains or sloping area will cause seed, chemicals and slit to wash Capable of accepting heavy rains
onto sidewalks and into sewer systems. without erosion or damage.

Little, if any protection for several Mulch should reduce erosion/

months. runoff
Visual Impact Rough texture and open soil Colored mulches act to camou- Immediate beauty of a ‘com-
flage soil appearance plete’ and mature landscape.
Usability Low traffic use 2 to 4 months after seeding with faster germinating seed. Low traffic immediately. Normal, high
Normal to high use only after first year. traffic levels within 2 to 3 weeks.
Installation Cost Lowest Cost Low- to mid-level cost Highest cost
Cost vs. Value Higher management and maintenance cost, compounded by increased Installation cost offset by added val-
water and chemical applications, as well as delay of use, poor uniformity ues of timing, usability uniformity
and visually unappealing are trade-offs for lower installation cost. and visual appeal. Reduced mainte-
nance, chemical and water costs.

* “Turfgrass Sod and Seed Installation - Factors to Consider When Recommending Turf Installation.” Journal of Environmental Turfgrass Spring 1993: 11.

OSPA nominates New Chair

The Ohio Sod Producers Association is proud to announce that Brad Dutton from Eastside
Nursery, Groveport, Ohio will be the Chair of OSPA for the 2004 year. He replaces Mike Ward,
Eastgate Sod, Loveland, Ohio. Thanks Mike for all of your hard work over the last 2 years.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 18

Dissertation Title
Cultivar Evaluation and Biotechnological Improvement
Of Turfgrass Under Shade Stress Conditions
Major Advisor:
Dr. Karl Danneberger
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science • The Ohio State University
Student: Jia Yan
Degree: Ph.D
O
riginally from China, the Asian country with a
long history of 5,000 years, Jia Yan is looking for-
ward to getting her Ph.D degree in summer
2005. Jia got both M.S and B.S. from Department of
Biological Sciences and Technologies, Nanjing University
(NJU) in China before she joined the turfgrass lab at OSU
in 2001. During her studies in NJU, Jia mainly focused her
research on comparison of physiological and ecological
traits of major warm-season and cool-season grasses under
extreme temperatures. She also participated in the con-
struction of new campus lawns for centennial ceremony of
Graduate Student Corner
NJU. Motivated by her strong interest to learn more
secrets about turf, Jia started to work with Dr. Karl
Danneberger and Dr. David Gardner on turfgrass shade
stress studies since 2001. She realized that shade stress
remains a major problem for turfgrass management both
in artificial shaded environment (such as stadiums) and
under natural canopies, where turfgrasses have poor quali-
ty and need more replacement.
In order to develop and select turf cultivars with
stronger shade resistance under low-light conditions, Jia
chose creeping bentgrass as the model plant to work with,
using advanced molecular and physiological methods.
Currently, she is transferring two genes, BAS1 and PHYB
genes, separately into creeping bentgrass using particle
gun, with roundup resistant gene as the selectable marker.
After serial roundup selection and tissue culture following
the bombardment, Jia will finally get the creeping bent-
grass expressing foreign genes. She is expecting the trans-
genic plants to have better shade resistance than the non-
transgenic ones, based on the previous work showing that
other model plants overexpressing BAS1 or PHYB genes
performed better under low-light conditions.
She’s conducting both greenhouse and field studies to
compare the transgenic and traditional cultivars on cer-
tain morphological and physiological indexes under
shade stress. Hopefully, Jia’s work will provide an efficient
way to overcome the shade stress problem challenging
both turfgrass research and industry. In addition to her
research, Jia served as a teaching assistant in Turfgrass
Management, member of Gamma Sigma Delta, the
Honor Society of Agriculture, and the department dele-
gate in Council of Graduate Students at OSU. Meanwhile,
she kept good academic status with a current GPA at
3.80/4. She also became a big football fan after she settled
down in Ohio. Inspired by the spirit of Scarlet and Gray,
Jia is trying her best to make further and greater achieve-
ments both in her research work and studies in the
near future.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 19
New Growth and Technology
Turfgrass Weed Control &
Herbicide Update–2004
Dr. John R. Street, Deborah Holdren,
Pamela J. Sherratt, and Dr. David Gardner
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science
The Ohio State University
I. Annual Grass Weed Control
A. Cultural Control
The most effective control against the establishment of
annual grass weeds in turfgrass is the culture and mainte-
nance of a dense, healthy stand of turfgrass. This preven-
tative cultural approach is successful only if proper fertiliza-
tion, mowing, irrigation, pest control, etc. practices are
implemented in the culture of the turfgrass. Unfortunately,
in many turfgrass areas, the desirable turfgrass fails to
establish sufficient competition to prevent all the germinat-
ing annual grass weed from establishing and the need for
preventative chemical control results.
The most common annual grass weeds to encroach
Ohio’s turfgrass areas include:
• Crabgrass (Large, Smooth)
• Goosegrass
• Yellow Foxtail
• Fall Panicum
• Barnyardgrass
• Annual Bluegrass (Poa Annua)
B. Preemergence Chemical Control
Most turfgrass managers across the state continue to
rely on the use of preemergence herbicides for assistance
in the control of annual grass weeds.
1. Newly Seeded Turfgrass (Mowed less than three
times)
a. Siduron (Tupersan)
Siduron should be applied at the time of seeding or
prior to the emergence of the weedy grasses. A second
application may be necessary where weed pressure is
heavy.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 20
2. Established Turfgrass
a. Preemergence annual grass herbicides for 2004
include:
• Benefin (Balan)
• Bensulide (Betasan, others)
• Pendimethalin (Pre-M, Pendulum, others)
• Oxadiazon (Ronstar)
• Trifluralin + Benefin (Team Pro)
• Dithiopyr (Dimension)
• Prodiamine (Barricade)
C. Postemergence Chemical Control
After annual grassy weeds have established in turfgrass
areas, their removal usually necessitates the use of poste-
mergence control products. The herbicides available for
postemergence annual grassy weed control in 2004 include:
• Monosodium Acid Methanearsonate
(MSMA, Daconate, others)
• Fenoxaprop p-ethyl (Acclaim Extra)
• Dithiopyr (Dimension)
• Quinclorac (Drive)
Acclaim Extra is effective for early postemergence crab-
grass control up to the 1-2 tiller stage. Apply when soil
moisture is adequate for best efficacy.
Drive in OSU research performs as a foliar absorbed her-
bicide. Use a recommended surfactant. Drive will provide
control of tillered crabgrass. Drive can also be used poste-
mergence on newly seeded turfgrass at 30 days after emer-
gence.
II. Broadleaf Weed Control
A. Cultural Control
The same preventative cultural controls recommended
for addressing annual grass weeds also apply to broadleaf
weeds. A sampling of broadleaf weeds commonly found in
Ohio’s turfgrass areas include:
• Dandelion
• White Clover
• Buckhorn Plantain
• Common Plantain
• Common Chickweed
• Yellow Wood Sorrel
• Ground Ivy
• Black Medic
B. Preemergence Chemical Control
Gallery, a Dow AgroScience’s product introduced in
1989, continues to be the only commercially available her-
bicide labeled for broadleaf weed control in turfgrass.
Recommended turfgrass use rate is 0.75 - 1.00 lbs ai per
acre. Season-long control requires the application of both
spring and fall treatments. Gallery has no postemergence
activity on broadleaf weeds.
C. Postemergence Chemical Control
1. Seedling Turfgrass (New turfgrass mowed less than
three times)
a. Bromoxynil (Buctril) is available for use in nonresi-
dential areas. Seedling turfgrass product use rate
is 1.0 - 2.0 pt/acre. Pest weed control is achieved
if the weeds are less than 2” tall when treated.
b. 2,4-D can safely be used on young turfgrass pro-
vided the turfgrass has been mowed at least three
times and the use rates does not exceed 1.0 lb
ai/acre.
2. Established Turfgrass
The list of available post-emergence herbicides for use
in established turfgrass for 2004 include:
• 2,4-D (many)
• MCPA (many)
• Dicamba (Banvel)
• Triclopyr + Clopyralid (Confront)
• MCPP (Mecoprop)
• 2,4-DP (Dichlorprop)
• Triclopyr (Turflon)
• Fluroxypyr (Spotlight)
The new Confront label does not allow for use on res-
idential turf. It is permitted for use in other turfgrass areas
(i.e. golf courses and sports fields). The label restriction is
due to the persistence or carryover of clopyralid residues
in clippings and compost. The substitute for clopyralid will
be fluroxypyr (sold alone as Spotlight).
Another change in herbicide formulation in 2004 will
be the addition of carfentrazone in low concentrations in
combo formulations for more rapid discoloration of
broadleaf weeds. New products featuring carfentrazone
include:
• Speedzone PBI Gordon
- 2,4-D, MCPP, dicamba, carfentrazone
• Powerzone PBI Gordon
- MCPA, MCPP, dicamba, carfentrazone
III. Perennial Grass Weed Control
Perennial grass weeds continue to be a major weed
problem for many turfgrass managers across Ohio. The
problem lies in the control/removal of these undesirable
grass weeds. A few of these grass weeds include:
• Tall Fescue (growing in clumps)
• Bentgrass (as a contaminant)
• Poa trivialis (rough bluegrass)
• Nimblewill
• Quackgrass
• Orchardgrass
A. Non-Selective, Systemic Controls
Glyphosate (Roundup Pro) and Glufosinate ammonium
(Finale) are the two primary nonselective systemic herbi-
cides used in turfgrass management. Roundup Pro is a
Monsanto product and is a combination of glyphosate and
a surfactant. Glufosinate ammonium (Finale) is a produce of
Aventis. Finale, like Roundup Pro, has systemic activity, is
foliar absorbed in 2-4 hours and has no soil residual activity.
Visual effects from Finale applications are expressed in 2-4
days after application. The speed of initial discoloration fol-
lowing applications of Roundup Pro and Finale can be fur-
ther enhanced with the addition of nonselective contact
herbicides such as Scythe or Reward.
Glyposate has also been formulated for more rapid
burndown of weeds in the new product called QuickPro.
QuickPro discolors weeds in two-three days.
B. Selective Controls
1. Tall Fescue Control
The Lesco product, Corsair (active ingredient - chlorsul-
furon), continues to be available for selective tall fescue
control in established Kentucky bluegrass. This product
should not be used on perennial ryegrass.
2. Annual Bluegrass
a. PGRs
The Sygenta’s Trimmit, Dow AgroScience’s Cutless, and
Sygenta’s Primo are all growth regulators capable of assist-
ing in the suppression of annual bluegrass and the conver-
sion to more desirable species. They are also being used at
lower rates to reduce seedstalk length for enhancement of
golf playability. Primo MAXX is a foliar absorbed PGR and
can provide significant color and quality enhancement at
lower rates.
Embark-Embark Lite is used for growth suppression and
seedhead control of annual bluegrass on golf courses.
Proxy, a Bayer product, is being primarily used for
growth suppression and annual bluegrass seedhead sup-
pression in some locations of the country (e.g. West Coast)
b. Herbicides
Bayer’s Prograss is a postemergence herbicide capable
of eliminating annual bluegrass from turfgrass areas.
Carefully assess the extent of the annual bluegrass popula-
tion before using this product.
IV. Other Weeds
Yellow Nutsedge is a prevalent perennial weed found in
many turfgrass areas in Ohio. This weed is neither a grass
nor a broadleaf, but instead a sedge. Consequently, the
annual grass and broadleaf herbicides have limited impact
on this weed. Selective control of Yellow Nutsedge in turf-
grass areas is limited to the use of Basagran, MSMA-con-
taining products, or the new Monsanto product marketed
as Manage. Manage is applied at very low rates (1.0 - 2.0
oz product per acre), is foliar absorbed, and has displayed
excellent safety on all cool season turfgrass species.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 21
 HortShorts
By Erik A. Draper, James A. Chatfield, and Kenneth D. Cochran
Ohio State University Extension • Nursery Landscape and Turf Team

Ten Crabapples To Know, Show, and Grow

hen asked to give recommendations for which crabapples to use in a given landscape

W situation, the authors responses are typically, “Let’s start with ten and go from there!”
The following ten crabapples were selected after holding vigorous discussions and argu-
ing their merits in the Crablandia II plot, at Secrest Arboretum, in Wooster, Ohio at Ohio State
University’s Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. These discussions were usually
terminated either by a lack of light left in the sky or by the lack of ammunition necessary to finish
an excellent crabapple fight. All of these taxa can be viewed any time of the year at the Crablandia
II plot. We encourage all to do so to better evaluate which one or ones will best fit into any given
landscape setting.
These crabapples are part of an ongoing research study evaluating disease susceptibility and
overall aesthetic profiles of these trees. The plot was initiated in 1998 with taxa. Currently, there
are 68 taxa planted and being evaluated. The plot design is completely randomized with five single
plant replications of each taxon, and the plot is evaluated monthly. The plot will continue to
increase in number of taxa with new releases or selections until 80 taxa are planted, thereby filling
the allotted space.
The following ten crabapples are listed in alphabetical order and are not placed in any order of
preference or performance. All of these crabapples are impressive in bloom and in fruit or in form,
have good to outstanding resistance to apple scab disease, and are worthy landscape assets. We
hope that you enjoy watching these trees grow and show their “colors” as much as we do—and
keep in mind—the ten profiled here are just the beginning.
Note: Crabapples are Malus taxa with fruits less than two inches in diameter at maturity.
Most ornamental crabapples are within the 1/2-3/4 inch diameter range.

Adirondack
Positives: Oblong, orange-red fruits are impressive
from late August through mid-December. Showy white
flowers with a pleasing narrow or tight, V-shaped upright
tree form; great autumn fruit/foliage combination; fruit
ripens to a deep orange-red; fruit appears singular rather
than clustered; flowers are abundant and red-tinged.
Negatives: somewhat slow to establish and leafhoppers
appear to relish the foliage but do little damage.
Diseases: No scab; trace of fireblight. There are not
many upright crabapples without serious flaws, but
‘Adirondack’ is not only without such serious flaws, but is a
truly outstanding ornamental crabapple.
Malus baccata Jackii
Positives: Maroon-red fruits color up by late July and
are highly effective ornamentally until mid-December.
Lightly scented white flowers accent the large, fast grow-
ing, broadly rounded tree form. Very reliable yearly flower
display; large, glossy green leaves are by far the best foliage
of any crabapple in the plot; fall contrast of yellow and rust
colored leaves against attractive maroon-red fruit is out-
standing; bark develops an attractive orange cast with age.
Negatives: relative sparseness of fruit clusters and
mediocre overall winter appearance. Diseases: No scab.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 22
Excalibur
Positives: Tiny, golden-yellow, shiny fruits are out-
standing from mid-September to mid-December. Petite,
white flowers line branches on this 8- foot dwarf, globe
type tree form. Fruit-lined branches create striking speci-
men in the landscape, with fruits maturing to a aestheti-
cally pleasing shiny, cider-brown color. Negatives:
Flowers can be hidden by rapidly expanding foliage; fruit
is hidden on the plant interior until leaves drop.
Diseases: No scab; apple mosaic virus noted.
Holiday Gold
Positives: Clusters of golden-yellow fruits line the
branches, effective from late September to late March.
Impressive clusters of white blooms are consistent, excel-
lent performers each year on a somewhat rounded, open
tree form. One of the best new, yellow-fruited crabapples;
fruits an attractive cream-yellow mellowing to deep gold-
yellow; nice rose blush can develop on exposed fruit.
Negatives: Tree form can become awkward due to
repeated fruit loads. Diseases: No scab; trace of fireb-
light.
If unavailable, try another fabulous yellow-gold fruited alter-
native crabapple called ‘Bob White’.
Firebird
Positives: Very small, red-orange fruits are dispersed
along the branches from late September to early January.
Tiny, white flowers accent the upright vase tree form. Due
to top-grafting, the unique shape is consistent and perfect
for size restricted spaces. Negatives: Slow to establish and
grow; flower and fruit displays are scattered and steady but
never dazzling. Diseases: No scab.
If unavailable, try another excellent high grafted tiny, red
fruited alternative unique crabapple called ‘Lollipop’.
Louisa
Positives: Scattered lemon-gold fruits are noticeable
late July to mid-November. Outstanding pink flowers
enhance a true weeping tree form. Tree form is a glorious
asset with arching, graceful branches upswept at tips; fruit
darkens to a gold-orange with a tan-brown blush.
Negatives: Fruit set is light and scattered, never profuse.
Diseases: No scab. Though there are a number of out-
standing spreading-weeper crabapples, such as ‘Manbeck’s
Weeper, ‘Molten Lava’, ‘Mary Potter’, and ‘Candymint’,
‘Louisa’ is a rare true weeping crabapple.
Prairifire
Positives: Purple-red fruits are easily the first to be
noticed in late June and are ornamental until early
December. Striking coral-red flowers seem to fill the
rounded, open tree form. Yearly spectacular bloom con-
trasts emerging red-tinged green foliage; firm purplish
fruits slowly age to cherry red; fall colors of orangish spur
leaves contrasts well with fruits and other foliage; attractive
lenticel-speckled bark. Negatives: mediocre winter and
early summer appearance. Diseases: Trace of scab for
past three years, yet completely scab-free other years.
Red Jewel
Positives: Sparkling cherry red fruits light up in early
September and remain impressive into mid-April. Snow
white flowers outline the upright open tree form.
Phenomenal firm fruits are incredibly appealing well into
spring; very attractive blooms. Negatives: mediocre tree
form noticeable in late winter to early spring; slow grow-
ing tree; tree form a bit awkward. Diseases: Trace of
scab just in 2000; some fireblight problems.
Strawberry Parfait
Positives: Red cream fruits color up and create an
impact from starting in mid-August with colors darkening
through the fall and winter to mid-April. Rounded pink-
red flowers appear to entirely encompass each branch on
this uniquely shaped open spreading tree form. Fruits age
to deep red; newly emerged foliage a burgundy becoming
green with burgundy -tinge; good fall color; fruits remain
firm through late winter. Negatives: Fruit mummies can
be tenacious; unusual, erratic ,upright-spreading growth
habit is not for every landscape. Diseases: Trace of scab.
Sugar Tyme
Positives: Brilliant red fruits provide color in early
September and remain until mid-April. Stunning sugar-
white floral display from pale pink buds on a mounded
spreading tree form. Showy, persistent firm fruits create
interest through late winter; good overall form; dense
foliage. Negatives: Mediocre appearance during sum-
mer before fruits color; foliage appears chlorotic or off-
color during mid- to late summer; yellow-brown frost
rings develop on fruits in some years. Diseases: Trace
of scab.
So, that’s it: ten magical Malus you should
know. We added a few alternatives in the text
above, and we can think of many more, such as
a number of variants of the Sargent crabapple,
and then...Well, wait ‘til next year.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 23
 The 1st Annual Ohio State Golf Turf
Spring Tee-Off Conference
T
he Ohio Turfgrass Foundation, in conjunction with Ohio State University Extension and Ohio State
University/OARDC, will present the first annual Ohio State Golf Turf Spring Tee-Off Conference, Wednesday,
February 25 through Friday, February 27 at the Holiday Inn on the Lane in Columbus. This two and a half day
golf conference will allow OSU students and professionals in golf turf management to interact and gain new product
and research updates along with changes occurring in golf. All of the speakers are OSU professors, OSU alumni, or
work in the Ohio region—giving you information pertinent to Ohio’s turf industry.
Additionally, there will be a Welcome Reception, OSU Turf Club Luncheon, and Job Fair. The Job Fair will provide
a great opportunity for current students seeking internships and employment to meet with golf courses, suppliers and
other green industry employers. Many students will be available to meet personally as an introduction to potential future
employment.
A registration form is available on the next page. With questions, please visit the Calendar of Events page on our website,
www.OhioTurfgrass.org or call (888) 683-3445. We look forward to teeing off the spring season with you in Columbus.

Conference Educational Program

Wednesday, February 25 Golf Course Marking & the Rules of Golf
USGA Year in Preview —A Partnership
Mr. Bob Brame Mr. Bill McCarthy
USGA USGA
Plant Growth Regulator Use Disease Forecast & Update for 2004
Dr. Karl Danneberger Mr. Joseph Rimelspach
The Ohio State University The Ohio State University
Professional Golf Management Program (PGM) Thinking Outside the Box
Dr. David Gardner Mr. Frank Dobie, CGCS
The Ohio State University The Sharon G.C.
Current & New Herbicides: Product Update ATI & International Internship
Dr. John Street Mr. David Willoughby
The Ohio State University OSU/ATI
When the Club’s Ownership Changes Friday, February 27
Mr. Brad Smith Managing Fungicides Resistance
Fieldstone Golf Club Dr. Mike Boehm
Thursday, February 26 The Ohio State University
Historical Perspectives & Milestones New vs. Old Turfgrass Insecticides:
in Turfgrass Entomology Product Update
Dr. Harry Niemczyk Dr. David Shetlar
OSU/OARDC The Ohio State University
Roundup Ready Creeping Bentgrass Urban Ecology Initiative
Dr. David Gardner Dr. Parwinder Grewal
The Ohio State University OSU/OARDC
International Intern Program Upcoming Events in Ohio/Central
Mr. Michael O’Keeffe Ohio Golf Industry & Tournaments
The Ohio State University Mr. Jim Popa
Defensive Behaviors of White Grubs OGA/CDGA
Mrs. Corrie Yoder Maintaining the Integrity of the Golf Course
OSU/ATI Dr. Michael Hurdzan
Polo Fit for a Prince Hurdzan/Fry Golf Course Design
Ms. Erica Titus
The Ohio State University

OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 24

OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 25
Message From Your
Executive Director
I t’s difficult for me to believe that five years have passed
since I was first given the opportunity to serve as your
Executive Director. I have served under the direction of
five excellent Board Presidents, and your 2003 President
John Mowat was no exception. John and the Board of
Directors deserve much credit for their leadership,
direction and commitment to your organization. I thank
John for his past service to OTF, and look forward to his
continued service on the Board of Directors as 2004
Immediate Past President. He understands the important
role as a volunteer leader, and the unique relationship
between volunteers and staff. It has been my privilege to
serve during John’s presidency—he joins a long list of great
OTF Past Presidents.
2003 was another excellent year at OTF, especially con-
sidering challenging economic times. OTF donated
$138,353 to turfgrass research and to the operations of the
OTF Research Facility at The Ohio State University.
Additionally, scholarships amounting to $23,500 were pre-
sented to several students in Ohio’s turfgrass programs.
Additional highlights of the past year include:
1. A Strategic Planning session involving OTF/OTRT and
the OSU Turfgrass Science Team and School of
Agriculture administration was held, resulting in an
“Opportunities for Excellence” common vision that will
help raise the OSU Turfgrass Science Program to an
even higher level of excellence;
OTF TurfNews • Vol 66 • No. 1 • 2004 • Page 26
2. Significant and exciting changes were made to the for-
mat of the Ohio Turfgrass Conference & Show;
3. Funds in support of research and scholarships
increased, while at the same time cash reserves were set
aside to ensure the financial future of OTF;
4. Along with the Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust (OTRT),
the Founders Club campaign was officially launched
and immediately raised more than $50,000 for
turf research and education;
5. Trustees from OTF, the Ohio Lawn Care Association
(OLCA), and the Ohio Sports Turf Managers
Association (OSTMA) continued to work together in a
collaborative effort—strengthening their relationships
for the betterment of Ohio’s collective turf industry;
and,
6. Membership and Conference & Show attendance
increased.
The Board of Directors continues to plan strategically
for the future and focus on the issues most critical to OTF
members and the turfgrass industry. I am very excited
about the many challenges and opportunities that we are
faced with in 2004. We will continue to work closely with
allied associations in developing and expanding OTF’s edu-
cational programs, including the new “Ohio State Golf Turf
Spring Tee-off (February 25-27).
Again, I would like to thank John Mowat and the Board
of Directors for its leadership and commitment to the
industry. I would also like to thank the OSU Turfgrass
Science Team for its help in developing educational pro-
grams, serving on committees, and for its valuable exten-
sion services that are so important to our members. Finally,
thank you to the many volunteers who help make the Ohio
Turfgrass Conference & Show the best of its kind. I look
forward to working with our 2004 President George Furrer,
new Trustees Joe Enciso and Randy Shaver, and the entire
Board of Directors as we continue to make OTF the best
turfgrass organization in the country.
Cordially,
Kevin Thompson
OTF Executive Director
 PRESRT STD
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OTF Board of Trustees 2004 OTF Officers OSU Turfgrass

Trustees President
George Furrer
Science Team
Term Expires 2005
Lesco, Inc. Dr. Michael J. Boehm
Glen Pottenger The Ohio State University
Larch Tree Golf Course Vice President Dept. Plant Pathology
Dr. Chuck Darrah
Trustees CLC LABS Dr. Karl Danneberger
Term Expires 2006 The Ohio State University
Treasurer Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Mark Grunkemeyer Boyd Montgomery
Buckeye Ecocare Sylvania Recreation Dr. David Gardner
The Ohio State University
Mark Jordan Immediate Past President Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Westfield Companies Country Club John Mowat
Century Equipment Dr. Parwinder Grewal
Dan Walter OARDC/OSU
City of Blue Ash Golf Course Director of Education Dept. Entomology
Dr. John R. Street
Trustees The Ohio State University Dr. Ed McCoy
Term Expires 2007 OARDC
Executive Director School of Natural Resources
Joe Enciso Kevin Thompson
Century Equipment OTF/Offinger Management Co. Mr. Joseph W. Rimelspach (Chairman)
The Ohio State University
Randy Shaver Dept. Plant Pathology
Strategic Turf Systems
Ms. Pamela Sherratt
Todd Voss The Ohio State University
Double Eagle Golf Club Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Dr. Dave Shetlar
The Ohio State University
Dept. Entomology
Dr. John R. Street
The Ohio State University
Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Dr. Daniel Voltz
The Ohio State University
Agricultural Technical Institute
Mr. David A. Willoughby
The Ohio State University
Agricultural Technical Institute