Kenya - Report of The Committee On Westgate Attack - 4

REPUBLlC OF KENYA
KENYA NATlONAL A55EMBLY

ELEVENTH PARLlAMENT ~ FlR5T 5E55lON - 2013
REPORT OF THE jOlNT
COMMlTTEE ON ADMlNl5TRATlON AND NATlONAL 5ECURlTY, AND
DEFENCE AND FORElGN RELATlON5 ON THE lNQUlRY lNTO THE WE5TGATE
TERRORl5T ATTACK, AND OTHER TERROR ATTACK5 lN MANDERA lN
NORTH-EA5TERN AND KlLlFl lN THE COA5TAL REGlON
---------------------------------------------------------
CLLRK'S CHAM8LRS
PARL|AMLNT 8U|LD|NGS
NAlROBl DLCLM8LR, 2013
1
KNA: Report ot tbe [olnt Commlttee on Aomlnlstratlon ano Natlonal Securlty, ano Detence ano Forelgn Relatlons, on tbe |nqulry
lnto tbe Westgate Mall terror attack, ano otber terrorlst attacks ln Manoera ln Nortb Lastern ano Kllltl ln tbe Coastal reglon:
September 27 December 5, 2013.
TABLE OF CONTENT5 PAGE
Preface............................................. 3
Background on terrorisn in Kenya............................................................... 10
joint Connittee visit to the Westgate MaII site ............ 23
Meeting with witnesses on terrorisn..................... 26
Meetings with Experts on inteIIigence gathering and counter terrorisn... 30
First neeting with Cabinet 5ecretaries, Ministries of lnterior and
Defence, and the Director GeneraI, NationaI lnteIIigence 5ervice.... 33
5econd neeting with Cabinet 5ecretaries, Ministries of lnterior and
Defence, and the Director GeneraI, NationaI lnteIIigence 5ervice .... 37
Meeting with the Managing Director, Nakunatt HoIdings Ltd.......... 39
Presentations by Dr. Abbas GuIIet and Mr. AbduI Hajji........... 40
Meeting with the Director, lnnigration 5ervices, Director, Registration
of Persons and Ag. Connissioner, Departnent of Refugee Affairs.......... 42
Meeting with the Kenya Veterans Association............... 44
Meeting with AIthaus 5ervices Ltd..................... 45
Meeting with Dixons EIectronics Ltd...................... 47
Presentation by 5ecurex Agencies {K} Ltd................ 49
Meeting with Mr. AIex Trachtenberg, owner of Westgate MaII...... 50
joint Connittee's observations and findings on Westgate MaII attack... 53
joint Connittee's GeneraI Reconnendations............... 54
joint 5ub Connittee visit to Mandera................. 58
Courtesy caII to the Mandera County Connissioner......... 58
2
Meeting with Mandera East County 5ecurity lnteIIigence Connittee... 58
Meeting with the Mandera County Governor............. 61
PubIic hearing at the Mandera County Governor's Conference HaII.... 63
joint 5ub Connittee's observations and findings, Mandera County .. 65
joint 5ub Connittee's Reconnendations, Mandera County...... 65
joint 5ub Connittee visit to KiIifi County.............. 67
Meeting with the KiIifi County 5ecurity lnteIIigence Connittee.... 67
PubIic hearing with the IocaI Ieaders, KiIifi County HaII......... 71
joint 5ub Connittee's observations and findings, KiIifi County..... 72
joint 5ub Connittee's Reconnendations, KiIifi County.......... 73
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PREFACE
Tbe Departmental Commlttees on Aomlnlstratlon ano Natlonal Securlty, ano Detence
ano Forelgn Relatlons, are constltuteo unoer Stanolng Oroer 216(1) ano are manoateo
to, lnter-alla, "nvestgote, nqure nto, ond report on oll motters relotng to the
mondote, monogement, octvtes, odmnstroton, operotons ond estmotes o(
the ossgned mnstres ond deportments."
Tbe [olnt Commlttee on Aomlnlstratlon ano Natlonal Securlty, ano Detence ano
Forelgn Relatlons, was constltuteo pursuant to Stanolng Oroer 202(1), wblcb states
tbat:-
Two Commttees o( the Assembly consderng smlor motters moy, wth the
opprovol o( the Speoker, hold jont sttngs.
Mr. 5peaker, 5ir,
Tbe tollowlng are tbe Members ot tbe Commlttee:
Tbe Hon. Asman Kamama, MGH, OGW, MP ~ Co-Chairperson
Tbe Hon. Noung'u Getbenjl, MP ~ Co-Chairperson
Tbe Hon. Alols M. Lentolmaga, MP ~ Vice Chairperson
Tbe Hon. Lllas 8arre Sblll, MP ~ Vice Chairperson
Tbe Hon. Dalmas Otleno, LGH, MP
Tbe Hon. Ababu Namwamba, LGH, MP
Tbe Hon. [osepb Lekuton, MP
Tbe Hon. Allce Wabome, MP
Tbe Hon. Zakayo K. Cberulyot, MP
Tbe Hon. Tlmotby W. Wetangula, MP
Tbe Hon. Patrlck Ole Ntutu, MP
Tbe Hon. All |saack Sbaaban, MP
Tbe Hon. Samuel Moroto, MP
Tbe Hon. Humpbrey Njuguna, MP
Tbe Hon. Francls K. Mwangangl, MP
Tbe Hon. Rasblo [. 8eozlmba, MP
Tbe Hon. Davlo Glkarla, MP
Tbe Hon. Mobameo Sblolye, MP
Tbe Hon. [ane Macblra, MP
Tbe Hon. |brablm Abol Saney, MP
Tbe Hon. [osepb O. Nolege, MP
Tbe Hon. (Maj. Rto.) [obn K. Waluke, MP
Tbe Hon. Wanjlku Mubla, MP
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Tbe Hon. Akuja Protus Lweslt, MP
Tbe Hon. [osepb M. Kabangara, MP
Tbe Hon. Abmeo Abolkaolr Ore, MP
Tbe Hon. Grace Klptul, MP
Tbe Hon. George Tbeurl, MP
Tbe Hon. Reglna Ntbambl Mula, MP
Tbe Hon. [ames 8ett, MP
Tbe Hon. 8enaro Sblnall, MP
Tbe Hon. Davlo Pkoslng, MP
Tbe Hon. Nylva Mwenowa, MP
Tbe Hon. Katoo Ole Metlto, LGH, MGH, MP
Tbe Hon. 8eatrlce Nyaga, MP
Tbe Hon. Gonzl Ral, M.P.
Tbe Hon. [obn Looepe Nakara, MP
Tbe Hon. Rosellnoa Solpan Tuya, MP
Tbe Hon. Annab Nyokabl Gatbecba, MP
Tbe Hon. Davlo Watula, MP
Tbe Hon. [osepb Gltarl, MP
Tbe Hon. Cbrls Wamalwa, MP
Tbe Hon. [osepb Kluna, MP
Tbe Hon. Yusut Hassan, MP
Tbe Hon. Lllsba 8uslenel, MP
Tbe Hon. All Dloo Rasso, MP
Tbe Hon. Mobammeo Abass, MP
Tbe Hon. |brablm Sane, MP
Tbe Hon. Rlcbaro Onyonka, MP
Tbe Hon. [akoyo Mlolwo, MP
Tbe Hon. [oyce Wanjalab Lay, MP
Tbe Hon. Maj.-General [K Nkalserry, MP
Tbe Hon. Aoan Keynan, Mp
Tbe Hon. Watula Wamunylnyl, MP
Tbe Hon. Dennltab Gbatl, MP
Tbe Hon. Ken Obura, MP
Tbe [olnt Commlttee was establlsbeo atter tbe terror attack ln Westgate Mall on 21
st
September 2013. Tbe Commlttee was constltuteo wltb a vlew to establlsblng tbe
clrcumstances leaolng to tbe terror attack at tbe Mall, ano wbetber tbere were any acts
ot commlsslon ano/or omlsslon on tbe part ot tbe lntelllgence ano securlty organs ln
tbe country.
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Tbe Commlttee turtber etenoeo tbe scope ot lts manoate to cover otber areas tbat
bao been attecteo by terrorlst attacks. Sucb areas lncluoeo Garlssa, Manoera, Wajlr ln
Nort Lastern ano Kllltl ln tbe Coastal reglon.
Tbe [olnt Commlttee belo lts tlrst slttlng on 27
tb
September 2013, ano orew up tbe
tollowlng Terms ot Reterence:-
1. Tbe [olnt Commlttee bao tbe manoate unoer Stanolng Oroer 216(5) to:
a. lnvestigate,
b. lnquire into, ano
c. Report on all matters surrounolng tbe terrorlst attack ot tbe Westgate
Mall.
2. Tbe [olnt Commlttee, ln carrylng out lts manoate may lnqulre ano lnvestlgate
lnto any acts ot omlsslon ano/ or commlsslon tbat contrlbuteo to tbe attack,
3. Tbe [olnt Commlttee may lnqulre lnto ano lnvestlgate past terrorlst attacks
lncluolng tbe tlnolngs ano actlons tbat may bave been taken by tbe relevant
oepartments ano agencles to brlng tbe perpetrators to justlce,
4. Wblle carrylng out tbe lnvestlgatlons ano lnqulrles, tbe [olnt Commlttee may
call wltnesses trom varlous oepartments, agencles lncluolng, but not llmlteo to:
Natlonal Securlty, Detence ano |ntelllgence,
5. Tbe Constltutlon unoer Artlcle 125 glves tbe [olnt Commlttee tbe power to call
tor evloence tbrougb summonlng any person to appear betore lt ano glve
evloence or provloe lntormatlon. To carry out tbls manoate, tbe Commlttee
may seek to:-
a. Lntorce tbe attenoance ot wltnesses ano eamlne tbem on oatb,
attlrmatlon or otberwlse,
b. Compel tbe proouctlon ot oocuments, ano
c. |ssue a commlsslon or request to eamlne wltnesses abroao.
6. Tbe [olnt Commlttee may make recommenoatlons on preventlve measures ano
steps to be taken orawn trom tbe tlnolngs ot tbe lnvestlgatlons tbat wlll seek to
lmprove securlty ln tbe Country ano stem tuture acts ot terror,
Tbe [olnt Commlttee planneo to lnvolve tbe publlc ln tbe lnqulry, especlally tbe
wltnesses ano vlctlms ot tbe Westgate Mall attack. To tbls eno, tbe Commlttee placeo
palo aoverts ln tbe malnstream prlnt meola on 30
tb
September, 2013, requestlng
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members ot tbe publlc to submlt memoranoa on wbatever lntormatlon tbey coulo bave
on tbe Westgate attack ano tor otber terrorlst attacks ln otber parts ot tbe country.
Tbe [olnt Commlttee turtber came up wltb a programme wbere lt meetlngs were
arrangeo between tbe Commlttee ano wltnesses, securlty organs, eperts on
lntelllgence gatberlng ano securlty lssues, as well as otber lnteresteo lnolvlouals or
groups wbo woulo asslst tbe Commlttee to get lnto tbe bottom ot tbe attacks.
Tbe Commlttee belo a total ot twenty meetlngs. Apart trom tbe wltnesses wbo
appeareo betore tbe Commlttee, tbe tollowlng lnolvlouals or groups:-
l) Tbe Natlonal |ntelllgence Servlce
ll) Mlnlstry ot |nterlor ano Coorolnatlon ot Natlonal Government
lll) Tbe |nspector General ot Pollce
lv) Mlnlstry ot Detence
v) Department ot |mmlgratlon Servlces
vl) Department ot Retugee Attalrs
vll) Nakumatt Management
vlll)Kenya Reo Cross Soclety
l) Altbaus Servlces Lto.
) Kenya veterans Assoclatlon
l) Dlons Llectronlcs Lto.
ll) Secure Agencles (K) Lto.
lll)Sony Hololngs Lto.
According to a forensic report nade avaiIabIe to the Menbers, the joint
Connittee estabIished the foIIowing:-
1. Four (4) terrorlsts were lnvolveo ln tbe attack at tbe Westgate Mall on 21
st
September, 2013. Tbey were:-
l) Mobameo Abol Noor ot Somall natlonallty.
ll) Mobammeo Hassan Dbulbulow a.k.a Abu 8araa Al Suoanl Norweglan
cltlzen ot Somall orlgln.
lll) Yabye Osman Abmeo a.k.a Arab, a Somall natlonal ot Arab oescent.
lv) Abmeo Hassan Abukar ot Somall natlonallty.
2. All tbe tour (4) terrorlsts were kllleo ourlng controntatlon wltb tbe securlty
torces. Tbelr booy parts, weapons ano personal ettects were recovereo trom
tbe scene ot attack. Forenslc lnvestlgatlons contlrm tbat tbe recovereo booy
parts ano unmarkeo weapons ano ammunltlon belongeo to tbe terrorlsts.
3. Four (4) AK47 rltles belleveo to bave been useo by tbe terrorlsts were
recovereo trom tbe scene. Two (2) G3 rltles, one (1) Scar rltle ano tour (4) llve
grenaoes were also recovereo.
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4. 8ooy parts lncluolng one (1) ln a mllltary boot were recovereo trom tbe scene
on 1
st
October, 2013. Two (2) booles belleveo to be ot mllltary personnel, one
(1) M4 rltle ano a mllltary knlte were also recovereo trom tbe scene on 2
no
October, 2013.
5. One (1) Pollce ottlcer oleo ano elgbt (8) otbers were lnjureo.
6. Two (2) empty ammunltlon belts ot 5.56mm callber, two (2) ammunltlon
canlsters ano one (1) empty AK 47 magazlne were recovereo on 9
tb
October,
2013.
7. Four (4) maln suspects belleveo to be accompllces to tbe terrorlsts, bave been
arresteo ano arralgneo ln court. Tbey are Mobameo Abmeo Abol, Llban Aboule
Omar, Aoan Abolkaolr Aoan ano Husseln Mustata Hassan. Seven otber suspects
bave been arresteo ano cbargeo ln court.
8. Flve (5) otber suspects are stlll at large.
9. A motor veblcle Mltsublsbl Lancer reglstratlon no. KAS 575X was useo by tbe
terrorlsts ourlng tbe attack.
10. Four (4) Satarlcom slm caros were recovereo trom tbe veblcle useo by tbe
terrorlsts.
11. Slty seven (67) people ot oltterent natlonalltles were kllleo ourlng tbe
Westgate Mall slege.
12. Over 200 persons were lnjureo ln tbe attack.
13. Dlgltal vloeo Recoroers (DvRs) are stlll belng analyzeo.
The Connittee nade the foIIowing observations and concIusions on the
Westgate MaII terror attack, anong others, that,
1. Tbere was general lntormatlon on tbe lmpenolng terror attack on tbe all tbe
malls ano otber strateglc Western lnterests especlally ln Nalrobl. Tbe
lntormatlon was maoe avallable to tbe relevant Securlty ottlcers ln Nalrobl
County.
2. Tbere was general lalty among tbe pollce over terror alerts wltbln Nalrobl
County.
3. Tbe RLCCL Company trom tbe General Servlce Unlt (GSU) bao contalneo tbe
terrorlsts ln one corner ot tbe Mall. Tbere was bowever poor coorolnatlon
ourlng tbe cbangeover between tbe Kenya Detence Forces ano tbe Pollce.
4. Tbere was lootlng ot buslness premlses wltbln tbe Mall by lnolvloual securlty
ottlcers. Actlon bas alreaoy been taken agalnst tbe culprlts.
5. Tbere ls natlonwloe systemlc tallure on tbe part ot tbe |mmlgratlon Servlces
Department, Department ot Retugee Attalrs, ano Reglstratlon ot Persons
Department attrlbuteo to corruptlon at tbe boroer control polnts ano
reglstratlon centres, malnly ln Nalrobl, Coast ano Nortb Lastern areas.
6. Tbere was oestructlon ot property occasloneo by ecbange ot tlre between tbe
terrorlsts ano tbe securlty torces.
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Tbe [olnt Commlttee maoe tbe tollowlng recommenoatlons, among otbers:-
1. Tbe Government sboulo oeclare war agalnst al Sbabaab wberever tbey are. Tbe
war agalnst terrorlsm sboulo be lntensltleo wltbln ano outsloe tbe country. Tbe
Government sboulo collaborate wltb tbe lnternatlonal communlty tor a
concerteo ettort to brlng peace ano stablllty to tbe Somall Republlc wltb a vlew
to ensurlng tbat tbe country woulo no longer serve as a sanctuary tor
lnternatlonal crlme ano terrorlsm.
2. Tbe Government sboulo establlsb a Natlonal |nter-Agency Coorolnatlon Centre
to be reterreo to as tbe Dlrectorate ot Natlonal Securlty, wltb membersblp
orawn trom all tbe securlty agencles, to ensure lntelllgence gatberlng,
lntormatlon sbarlng ano lmplementatlon ls carrleo out. Tbe Dlrectorate
premlseo on a slngle ano secure lntormatlon management programme, sball be
reportlng tbe constltutlng agencles.
3. Tbe Government sboulo carry out raolcal surgery ln tbe Department ot
|mmlgratlon Servlces ano secono tralneo securlty ottlcers lncluolng retlreo
mllltary ottlcers, vetteo aomlnlstrators ano N|S ottlcers wbo bave a securlty
backgrouno, to tbe Department. Tbe Department sboulo cease to vlctlmlze
Kenya-Somall appllcants seeklng to acqulre loentltlcatlon oocuments.
4. Tbe Retugees Act 2006 sboulo be repealeo. Tbe Act ls reounoant ano cannot
oeal aoequately wltb emerglng lssues on terrorlsm. A new law sboulo be
oevelopeo to guloe on tbe banollng ot tbe Retugee pbenomenon ln tbe country.
5. Daoaab (Dagbale, |to, |to ||, Hagoera, Kamblos) ano Kakuma Retugee Camps
sboulo be closeo ano resloent retugees repatrlateo to tbelr country ot orlgln.
Tbe recent slgnlng ot tbe Trlpartlte Agreement by tbe Government ot Kenya,
tbe Somall Republlc ano UNCHR ls a step towaros tbe rlgbt olrectlon.
6. Tbe Government sboulo tast track tbe Natlonal Dlsaster Management Pollcy
wltb a vlew to ensurlng tbat leglslatlon was oevelopeo to guaro agalnst
bapbazaro ano knee jack response to olsasters.
Tbe Commlttee ls tbanktul to tbe Ottlce ot tbe Speaker ano tbe Clerk ot tbe Natlonal
Assembly tor tbe loglstlcal ano tecbnlcal support accoroeo to lt ourlng lts Slttlngs. Tbe
Commlttee wlsbes to tbank all tbe wltnesses tor tbelr cooperatlon ano partlclpatlon
ourlng tbe lnqulry.
Lastly, tbe Commlttee woulo llke to pay speclal trlbute to tbe many gallant Kenyans
wbo partlclpateo ln tbe rescue mlsslon at tbe Westgate Mall ano ensureo tbat bunoreos
ot people were saveo, wblle tbe lnjureo were oellvereo to tbe bospltals, tbe securlty
ottlcers wbo lost tbelr llves ourlng tbe rescue mlsslon, Members ot tbe Natlonal
Assembly ano tbe many Kenyans, some ot tbem trom tbe Dlaspora, wbo oonateo
blooo, tunos ano any otber klno ot support tollowlng tbe attack.
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On bebalt ot tbe Commlttee, ano pursuant to Stanolng Oroer 199(5), lt ls my pleasant
outy to table ln tbe House tbe Report ot tbe [olnt Commlttee on Aomlnlstratlon ano
Natlonal Securlty, ano Detence ano Forelgn Relatlons on lts lnqulry lnto tbe Westgate
Mall terror attack, ano terrorlst attacks ln otber areas sucb as Manoera ano Kllltl.
Slgneo........................................ Date.................................
Hon. Asnan Kanana, MGH, OGW, MP
Chairnan, DepartnentaI Connittee on Adninistration and NationaI
5ecurity
Slgneo........... Date...........
Hon. Ndung'u Gethenji, MP
Chairnan, DepartnentaI Connittee on Defence and Foreign ReIations
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BACKGROUND ON TERRORl5M lN KENYA
1.0 lntroduction
Terrorlsm bas long been recognlzeo as a serlous torelgn ano oomestlc securlty tbreat
ot concern to tbe lnternatlonal communlty slnce 1937 wben tbe League ot Natlons
elaborateo tbe Conventlon tor tbe Preventlon ano Punlsbment ot Terrorlsm.
Subsequently, tbe Unlteo Natlons ano reglonal lnter-governmental organlzatlons bave
oealt wltb terrorlsm trom a legal ano polltlcal perspectlve. Slnce 1963, tbe lnternatlonal
communlty bas elaborateo unlversal legal lnstruments relateo to tbe preventlon ano
suppresslon ot lnternatlonal terrorlsm.
|ncreaslngly, tbe tbreat ot terrorlsm bas galneo global pbenomenon ln tbe tace ot
unprovokeo ano severe attacks evloenceo ln Kenya, Morocco, Tanzanla, Paklstan, Sauol
Arabla, Malaysla, tbe USA ano most recently tbe Unlteo Klngoom ano Lgypt. Perbaps,
tbls glves welgbt to tbe tact tbat terrorlsm bas emergeo as a belnous crlme agalnst
bumanlty ano one ot tbe major orawback towaros acblevlng global peace ln tbe past
oecaoe.
1.1 Terrorisn Defined
Tbe amblgultles ano controversles surrounolng tbe very oetlnltlon ot terrorlsm bas
become one ot tbe major blnorances towaros ettectlve preventlon ano combat ot
terrorlsm. Tbere ls no unlversally acceptable oetlnltlon ot terrorlsm tbougb tbere are
generally accepteo perceptlons on wbo a terrorlst ls. Terrorlsm bas been varlously
been oetlneo as:
Tbe use or tbreat ot actlon wbere tbe actlon lnvolveo or tbreateneo can
cause serlous barm agalnst a person, oamage property, enoanger otber people's
llves, creates a serlous rlsk to bealtb or satety ot tbe publlc or sectlon ot publlc.
An act oeslgneo to lntertere wltb or olsrupt an electronlc system, lntluence or
lntlmloate tbe government or publlc, so as to aovance polltlcal, rellglous or
loeologlcal causes uslng tlrearms, eploslves, cbemlcal blologlcal raolologlcal or
nuclear weapons, or weapons ot mass oestructlon ln any torm.
Tbrougbout lts recent blstory, Kenya bas been a vlctlm ot terrorlst attacks. Tbe most
promlnent ot tbese was on August 7 1998, wben al-Qaeoa attackeo tbe Unlteo States
(US) Lmbassy ln Nalrobl, kllllng about 224 people ano lnjurlng over 5,000 people. Tbe
attack was coorolnateo slmultaneously wltb tbe bomblng ot tbe U.S. Lmbassy ln Dar es
Salaam, Tanzanla, wblcb kllleo 12 people. On November 28, 2002, al-Qaeoa mllltants
attackeo tbe |sraell-owneo Paraolse Hotel ln Mombasa, kllllng 15 people. Almost
slmultaneously, mllltants tlreo two sbouloer-launcbeo mlsslles at an |sraell cbarter plane
ln tbe same clty, mlsslng tbe target.
11
Tbe recent escalatlon ot terrorlst attacks ln Kenya ls bowever attrlbuteo to tbe al-
Sbabab lnsurgency ln tbe nelgbborlng Somalla. On October 1, 2011, Marle Deoleu, a
olsableo Frencb woman was klonappeo trom ber bome near Manoa |slano, Lamu by
suspecteo al-Sbabab gunmen ano oleo wblle ln tbe assallants' custooy. On October 13,
suspecteo al-Sbabab mllltants klonappeo two temale Spanlsb Moeclns sans Frontleres
(MSF) alo workers trom tbe Daoaab retugee camp ln Kenya, ano took tbem to Somalla.
Tbese serles ot cross-boroer attacks, as well as prlor klonapplng lncloents, spurreo
Kenya's Detence Forces (KDF) to lntervene ln Somalla on October 14. Followlng tbe
lnterventlon ot tbe KDF, Kenya bas eperlenceo several terrorlst attacks largely
attrlbuteo to tbe al-sbaabab, culmlnatlng ln tbe most recent West gate sbopplng mall
terror attack on September 21, 2013.
2.0 ChronoIogy of Terrorist Attacks in Kenya
Kenya bas eperlenceo attacks slnce about 1975 but terror attacks bave been on tbe
lncrease wltb tbe KDF lnterventlon ln Somalla.
2.1 Pre- 5onaIia intervention
DATE NATURE OF TERRORl5M
ATTACK
NO. OF CA5UALTlE5
FATALlTlE5 lNjURED
IebruorylMorch
!975
A blast ln a lavatory at tbe Starllgbt
Nlgbtclub [current lntegrlty Centre],
tbe secono at tbe |ntormatlon
8ureau near tbe Hllton Hotel ano
tbe tblro, at tbe OTC bus statlon.
27 people at
tbe OTC 8us
statlon
New Yeor's ve
!980
A bomb at tbe Nor(olk Hotel
Responslblllty tor tbe attack was
clalmeo by an Arab group tbat salo lt
was seeklng retallatlon tor Kenya's
allowlng |sraell troops to retuel ln
Nalrobl ourlng tbe 1976 ralo on
Lntebbe Alrport ln Uganoa to rescue
bostages trom a bljackeo alrcratt.
Prlme suspect was loentltleo as 34-
year-olo Qaooura Mobammeo Aboel
al-Hamlo ot Morocco.
20 people 80 lnjureo
August 7, !998 Sulcloe bombers oetonateo two 224 5,000
12
truck bombs outsloe tbe US
mbossy n Norob
28 November
2002
Porodse hotel, Kkombolo,
Momboso - One ot tbe sulcloe
bombers blew blmselt up at tbe
botel's entrance. Tbe secono orove a
veblcle loaoeo wltb eploslves, gas
canlsters ano contalners ot tuel, lnto
a wall ot tbe botel.
Tbe same Last Atrlcan cell
responslble tor eecutlng tbe August
7 attacks was responslble. All but
one ot tbe suspects were Kenyan
natlonals.
13 tourlsts More tban
80.
!! july 2007, Cty Gote Restouront, Hotel
Ambossodeur- tbe oevlce was
suspecteo to bave oetonateo
prematurely.
2 lncluolng one
suspecteo ot
carrylng
eploslves
!3 june 20!0 3 grenaoes eplooeo at a polltlcal
rally ln Uhuru Pork, Norob
6 30
4 December 20!0 Norob ln separate grenaoe attacks 3 pollce ottlcers
20 December
20!0
A grenode ottock ot the Kompolo
Cooch bus termnus n Rver Rood
1 person was kllleo ano 26 lnjureo
ln a grenaoe attack
2.2 Post- 5onaIia intervention
DATE NATURE OF TERRORl5M
ATTACK
NO. OF CA5UALTlE5
!7 October 20!! Mwouro's pub n Norob wben
a grenaoe was tbrown
Coost o( Lomu - Kenyan navy
patrol boat ls blt by a suspecteo
rock propelleo grenaoe
1 person
was kllleo
ano
15 lnjureo
lnjurlng 3
navy ottlcers
24 October 20!! A grenaoe tbrown at people stanolng
at a bus stop.
1 person was
kllleo
8 lnjureo
13
27 October 20!! A grenaoe blt a veblcle ln Mondero 4 people
28 October 20!! A veblcle carrylng members ot
Kenya's paramllltary GSU beaolng to
Llbol blt a roaosloe lanomlne 7km
trom Garlssa town
3 people.
! November
20!!
Grenaoe attack at tbe Last Atrlcan
Pentecostal cburcb ln Garlssa.
2 people
24 November
20!!
Twln grenaoe attacks at tbe Holloay
|nn ano a sbop ln Garlssa.
3 people
2 November
20!!
Suspecteo Al-Sbaabab mllltants attack
Arabla (traolng centre near
Manoera), ano blt tbe local pollce
statlon Arms ano ammunltlon ano
oestroylng communlcatlons
equlpment were oestroyeo
5 December 20!! A lanomlne targetlng a Unlteo
Natlons convoy eplooes lfo efugee
comp |n uodoo5 comp|ex
1 pollce ottlcer 3 pollce ottlcers
!! Dec, 20!! A remote controlleo eploslve
oevlce eplooeo near Mondero
Border Pont 3
1 pollce ottlcer 3 pollce ottlcers
Lanomlne targetlng a mllltary convoy
eplooes Wojr town
9 sololers
!! jonuory, 20!2 Armeo Al- Sbabaab mllltants attack
tbe Cer|||e comp, Wo|r u|str|ct.
Tbe mllltants also klonappeo 2
government ottlclals.
6 people
lncluolng 3
pollce ottlcers
!9 Iebruory 20!2 Attack on a pollce statlon Hu|ugho,
Cor|sso
1 pollceman ano
1 clvlllan
lnjureo 2
clvlllans.
4 Aprl 20!2 Grenaoe attacks at a cburcb servlce
ln Mtwapa, Mombasa
2 kllleo 30 lnjureo
28 Aprl 20!2 Goo's House ot Mlracles 1 person was kllleo ano 16
14
|nternatlonal Cburcb ln Ngara,
Nalrobl
lnjureo.
! Moy 20!2 2 Grenaoes tbrown lnto 8ella vlsta
bar, Mombasa.
1 securlty guaro
28 Moy 20!2 Lploslve oevlce oetonateo ln at tbe
Assananos bullolng on Mol Avenue,
Nalrobl
1 person kllleo
ano atter an
30 lnjureo
25 june 20!2 jercho pub n Momboso. 1 person several otbers
lnjureo
!8 july 20!2 Grenaoe attacks at tbe Garlssa
Catbollc cburcb ano Atrlca |nlano
Cburcb (A|C)
17 people 45 wounoeo
!9 july 20!2 Grenaoes tbrown lnto a botel
restaurant ano barber's sbop Wajlr
boroer reglon
4 people
30 September
20!2
A grenaoe attack at St Polycarp's
cburcb on [uja Roao, Nalrobl
1 cbllo 3 serlously
lnjureo
jonuory 4, 20!3 A grenaoe attack trom a saloon car
Garlssa
2
jonuory !, 20!3 Suspecteo Al-Sbabaab sbot people at
a restaurant ln Garlssa
5 people ano 3
jonuory !7, 20!3 Hogdero Re(ugee comp n
Dodoob- lmprovlseo eploslve
oevlces went ott
2 men belleveo
to be sulcloe
bombers
Iebruory 2, 20!3 Wajlr 1 KDF sololer 2 otber sololers
lnjureo
Aprl !8, 20!3 Armeo gangsters stormeo Kwa
Cbege botel ano starteo sbootlng
Gorsso
6 are sbot oeao 10 serlously
lnjureo
September 2!,
20!3
Armeo terrorlsts stormeo tbe
Westgate sbopplng mall ln Nalrobl
More tban 70 More tban 175
September 25,
20!3
Cunmen hur|ed + grenodes ond shot
|nd|scr|m|note|, |nto on o||e, |eod|ng to
the Ken,o Not|ono| L|5ror, Serv|ces
Wo|r
1 5
September 2, Gunmen stormeo a Kenyan pollce 2 2
15
20!3 compouno ln lnolscrlmlnately
sbootlng lnto ottlcers' bomes
Manoera ano settlng tbe
governments veblcles on tlre.
3.0 Why Kenya Renains 5usceptibIe to Terror Attacks
Among tbe Last Atrlcan countrles, Kenya bas been tbe most vulnerable to terrorlst
attacks mostly owlng to tbe lnterventlon ln Somalla by tbe KDF. However, Uganoa ano
8urunol also bave troops ln Somalla yet tbey are not prone to tbe many attacks Kenya
bas eperlenceo. Many tactors may be responslble lncluolng polltlcal ano soclo-
economlc tactors. Some ot tbe reasons lncluoe among otbers:
. Poltcol (octors- Kenya bas an agreement wltb tbe Unlteo States tor tbe use ot
local mllltary tacllltles. Tbe agreement allows US troops to use tbe Port ot
Mombasa, as well as alrtlelos at Lmbakasl ano Nanyukl. Tbese tacllltles were useo to
support tbe Amerlcan mllltary lnterventlon ln Somalla ln 1992-94 ano bave been
useo to support US ano otber coalltlon torces lnvolveo ln counter-terrorlsm
operatlons.
Tbe Al-Qaeoa ano Al-sbaabab target Kenya oue to tbese close llnks wltb tbe
Western countrles as coulo be concluoeo ln tbe 1998 bomblngs ot tbe US embassy
ln Nalrobl ano Dar-es- Salaam. Tbe presence ot large epatrlate communltles also
makes Kenya more attractlve tor terrorlst operatlons.
ii. Porous borders- Kenya sbares a boroer wltb Somalla wblcb bas eperlenceo
contllct slnce 1991 ano ls known to be a terrorlst baven. Kenya's boroer wltb
Somalla ls long ano cannot be secureo ettectlvely, ano lt ls easy to smuggle across
weapons ano bumans. Tbe porous boroer makes lt easy tor terrorlsts to sneak ln
ano out ot tbe country turtber enoangerlng tbe country.
iii. Corrupton- Corruptlon bas greatly leo to tbe vulnerablllty ot tbe country ln many
cases lncluolng wbere lmmlgratlon ottlclals are compromlseo tbus permlttlng 'allens'
wbo coulo be terrorlsts to enter tbe country ano acqulre loentltlcatlon. Tbls
enables terrorlsts ease ot movement ano are tberetore able to plan ano eecute
attacks wltbout tbe tear ot olscovery. Furtber compromlslng ot securlty ottlclals
enables 'suspecteo lnolvlouals to tall to pursue suspecteo terrorlsts ano enable tbem
to secure early release wben caugbt or reporteo ln susplclous crlmlnal actlvltles.
v. Poor level o( preporedness- tbe level ot prepareoness ot tbe securlty torces to
terror attacks bas been qulte low oesplte several terror attacks mostly ln tbe
recent past. Most ot tbe attacks bave caugbt tbe securlty torces unawares bence tbe
16
response to most attacks ls reactlonary wben tbe oamage ls alreaoy oone as
opposeo to pro-actlveness. Securlty torces lntelllgence ano capaclty bas been seen
to be lnettectlve allowlng terrorlsts to move about treely, tlno sate baven, ano
establlsb loglstlcal bubs ln tbe country wbere tbey plan ano eecute tbe attacks
unolscovereo. Tbe response mecbanlsm ot tbe securlty torces bas also been slow
ano lacklng ln coorolnatlon to tbe etent tbat most ot tbe oamage ls alreaoy oone
by tbe tlme tbe sltuatlon ls contalneo.
v. Prol(eroton o( smoll orms ond Lght weopons (SALW) - Smuggllng ot SALW
constltutes one ot tbe most cballenglng ano presslng problems ln Last Atrlca, poslng
an lmmeolate securlty tbreat to lnolvlouals, socletles ano states ln tbe reglon. Small
Arms ano Llgbt Weapons are reaolly avallable on black markets greatly lncreaslng
tbe rlsk ot attacks ln tbe country. Tbe tlow ot tlrearms bas turtber been tuelleo by
perslstent lnstablllty ano recurrlng outbreaks ot contllcts wltbln tbe Horn ot Atrlca
ano tbe Great Lakes Reglon. |n aooltlon to lnter-communlty vlolence, organlzeo
crlmlnal actlvltles sucb as envlronmental crlmes, orug trattlcklng, plracy, terrorlst
actlvltles ano urban robberles bave been greatly asslsteo by tbe easy avallablllty ot
llllclt weapons.
v. Youth rodcolzoton - Somalla bas otten been seen as tbe source ot etremlsm ln
tbe reglon. Certaln segments ot Kenya's Musllm youtb are becomlng more ano
more at a rlsk ot raolcallzatlon ano recrultment lnto etremlst groups tor varlous
reasons. Tbls ls vlslble because lt ls not Somall natlonals beblno most ot tbe
terrorlst lncloents outsloe Somalla's boroers but Kenyan natlonals. Tbougb Somalla
provloes a sate baven, tralnlng camps ano opportunltles tor etremlsts to tlgbt tbe
'enemles ot |slam', al-Qaeoa ano al-Sbabaab bave eecuteo attacks ln tbe reglon by
relylng on Kenyan youtb asslstance ano support. Tbe Government sboulo tberetore
strlve tor strategles tbat aooress tbe youtb raolcallzatlon.
v. The re(ugee problem - Tbe prolongeo sltuatlon ot bumanltarlan crlsls ano contllct
ln Somalla bas progresslvely mutateo lnto a myrlao ot tbreats to tbe Somall
populatlon, tbe nelgbbourlng states ano tbe reglon. Tbe lntlu ot retugees lnto tbe
nelgbborlng countrles ano partlcularly lnto Kenya wblcb bosts tbe Daoaab Retugee
camp-tbe largest camp ln tbe worlo, bas been one ot tbe resultant ettects ot tbe
talleo state ot Somalla tbat Kenya bas bao to oeal wltb.
From [anuary to August 2012, tbe Daoaab ano Allnjugur camps reglstereo more tban
5,700 new arrlvals trom Somalla, brlnglng tbe total populatlon ln tbese camps to some
474,000. Tbe blggest jump ln populatlon growtb occurreo ln Kakuma Camp ln Turkana
County wbere 13,000 new arrlvals, mostly trom Soutb Suoan, were reglstereo between
[anuary ano August 2012. Wltb a populatlon eceeolng 101,000, Kakuma ls raploly
17
runnlng out ot space. Tbe total number ot retugees ano asylum-seekers ln Kenya ls
estlmateo to be more tban 630,000.
Tbe lntlu ano tbe resultant lncrease ot retugee populatlon ln Kenya bave leo to
oeterloratlon ln securlty ano belgbteneo retugee-local communlty tenslon oue to
competltlon tor scarce resources ano amenltles. A major securlty tbreat bas been tbe
lntlltratlon ot terrorlst elements sucb as Al Sbabaab poslng as retugees lnto tbe camp,
ano tbus perslstently obstructlng bumanltarlan asslstance to Somall retugees. Tbe
olsgulseo mllltants bave also reporteoly useo tbe camps to bloe ano terry tbe SALW
trom Somalla to Nalrobl ano otber urban centers ln Kenya. Tbls bas tbreateneo tbe
securlty ot areas arouno tbe Retugee Camps, Nortb Lastern Provlnce, ano tbat ot
Kenya ln general.
3.! Terrorst Orgonzotons
Terrorlsts requlre tunolng ano otber loglstlcal support to carry out tbelr belnous acts
agalnst tellow buman klno. Among tbe terrorlst cells tbat bave clalmeo responslblllty tor
terrorlsm acts ln Kenya are Al-Qaeoa ano Al-Sbaabab.
3.2 The AL-QADA ond Al-Shoboob (octor
Al-Qaeoa ls a global mllltant |slamlst organlzatlon tounoeo by Osama bln Laoen ln
Paklstan between August 1988 ano late 1989 wltb lts orlglns belng traceable to
tbe Sovlet War ln Atgbanlstan. |t operates as a network comprlslng botb a
multlnatlonal, stateless army ano a raolcal Sunnl Musllm movement calllng tor
global [lbao ano a strlct lnterpretatlon ot Sbarla law. |t bas been oeslgnateo as a
terrorlst organlzatlon by tbe Unlteo Natlons Securlty Councll, NATO, tbe Luropean
Unlon, tbe Unlteo Klngoom, tbe Unlteo States, |nola ano varlous otber countrles.
Al-Qaeoa bas attackeo clvlllan ano mllltary targets ln varlous countrles, lncluolng
tbe September 11 attacks, 1998 U.S. embassy bomblngs ano tbe 2002 8all
bomblngs. Al-Qaeoa envlslons a complete break trom all torelgn lntluences ln Musllm
countrles, ano tbe creatlon ot a new worlo-wloe |slamlc leaoer. Osama bln Laoen was
tbe most blstorlcally notable commanoer ano Senlor Operatlons Cblet ot al-Qaeoa
prlor to bls assasslnatlon on May 1, 2011 by US torces.
Al Qaloa began establlsblng cells ln Last Atrlca ourlng tbe early ano mlo-1990s wblcb
were responslble tor tbe 1998 attacks on tbe U.S. embassles. |t ls speculateo tbat tbese
cells were never entlrely ellmlnateo, ano tbat Nalrobl ano Mombasa baseo remnants
were responslble tor tbe November 2002 attacks on |sraell tourlsts at tbe Paraolse
botel. Fazul Aboallab Mobameo, tbe Comoros born mastermlno ot tbe embassy
bomblngs, ls wloely consloereo responslble tor tbe Mombasa attacks. Llke co-
consplrator, Abmeo Sallm Sweoan, Fazul was a proouct ot Al Qaloa tralnlng ln
Atgbanlstan. Desplte belng on tbe Feoeral 8ureau ot |nvestlgatlon's blgbly publlclzeo llst
18
ot tbe most wanteo lnternatlonal terrorlsts, Fazul seems to bave orawn no ottlclal
scrutlny wblle llvlng ln tbe coastal town ot Lamu near tbe Somall boroer. Unoer tbe
allas AboulKarlm, Fazul llveo quletly, taugbt at a maorassa, ano marrleo a local
woman. On May 1, 2011 US Presloent 8arack Obama announceo tbat Osama bln Laoen
bao been kllleo ln a covert operatlon ln Paklstan. Fazul was kllleo ln [une, 2011.
3.3 The ol - Shoboob
Al-Sbabaab reterreo to as HSM ln sbort wblcb stanos tor "Harakat al-Sbabaab al-
Mujabloeen" ls tbe Somalla-baseo cell ot tbe mllltant |slamlst group al-Qaeoa, tormally
recognlzeo ln 2012. As ot 2012, tbe group controls large parts ot tbe soutbern parts ot
tbe country, wbere lt ls salo to bave lmposeo lts own strlct torm ot Sbarla.
Al-Sbabaab's troop strengtb as ot May 2011 was estlmateo at 14,426 mllltants. Al-
Sbabaab oescrlbes ltselt as waglng jlbao agalnst "enemles ot |slam", ano ls engageo ln
combat agalnst tbe Transltlonal Feoeral Government ano tbe Atrlcan Unlon Mlsslon to
Somalla (AM|SOM). Alleglng ulterlor motlves on tbe part ot torelgn organlzatlons,
group members bave also reporteoly lntlmloateo, klonappeo ano kllleo alo workers,
leaolng to a suspenslon ot bumanltarlan operatlons ano an eoous ot rellet agents. Al-
Sbabaab bas been oeslgnateo a terrorlst organlzatlon by several Western governments
ano securlty servlces. Tbe group bas also been suspecteo ot bavlng llnks wltb Al-Qaeoa
ln |slamlc Magbreb ano 8oko Haram.
Fazul Aboullab Mobammeo a Kenyan natlonal was appolnteo by Osama bln Laoen as al
Qaeoa's leaoer ln Last Atrlca ln late 2009. 8etore tbe oeatb ot Saleb All Saleb Nabban,
Mobammeo serveo as tbe mllltary operatlons cblet tor al Qaeoa ln Last Atrlca. He was
an eperlenceo al Qaeoa leaoer known to be able to move ln ano out ot Last Atrlcan
countrles wltb ease. Mobammeo was consloereo to be Sbabaab's mllltary leaoer, wblle
Sbelkb Muktar Aboelrabman Abu Zubeyr was Al-Sbabaab's splrltual leaoer. He was
kllleo on [une 8, 2011.
On February 9, 2012, Mukbtar Abu al-Zubalr 'Gooane' announceo ln a tltteen-mlnute
vloeo message tbat al Sbabaab woulo be jolnlng tbe |slamlst mllltant terrorlst
organlzatlon al-Qaeoa, unoer tbe leaoersblp ot Ayman al-Zawablrl. |n response to
Gooane's announceo name cbange ano merger wltb al-Qaeoa, all otber Sbabaab top
leaoers calleo a conterence ln 8aloabo wbere tbey retuseo to aoopt tbe new name (al -
Qaeoa ln Last Atrlca) ano tbey agreeo on a new pollcy. |t tberetore brougbt some
lnternal rltts ln tbe al Sbaabab.
4.0 The Afternath of Terror Attacks: August 1998 and the Westgate
MaII
4.1 August, 1998 Bonbing of the U5 Enbassy
19
Tbe slmultaneous bomblng ot tbe US Lmbassles ln Kenya ano Tanzanla leo to over 224
oeatbs ano 5,000 lnjureo. Tbe suspects ot tbe attacks lncluoeo:
Fazul Aboullab Mobammeo, a Kenyan natlonal, wbo came to be recognlseo as
tbe leaoer ot al-Qaeoa's Last Atrlcan cell (be was kllleo ln 2011).
Fablo Mobammeo Ally Msalam, a Kenyan natlonal, wbo purcbaseo tbe veblcle
useo by tbe Tanzanlan cell togetber wltb Kbaltan Kbamls Mobameo ano belpeo
to loao tbe truck wltb tbe bomb useo to attack tbe US embassy ln Tanzanla.
Msalam, togetber wltb Sbelkb Abmeo Sallm Sweoan, anotber Kenyan natlonal,
also purcbaseo tbe truck useo to bomb tbe Kenyan embassy.
Anas al-Llby (a Llbyan), wbo conoucteo survelllance ot potentlal US, 8rltlsb,
Frencb ano |sraell targets ln Nalrobl. (He was arresteo ln Trlpoll by tbe US
torces on 6
tb
October, 2013).
Mobammeo Saoeek Ooeb, a [oroanlan wbo bao been granteo Kenyan cltlzensblp
ano settleo near Mallnol oversaw tbe constructlon ot botb oevlces (be was
sentenceo to llte ln prlson ln October 2001).
Kbaltan Kbamls Mobameo (sentenceo to llte lmprlsonment ln October, 2001)
ano Abmeo Kbaltan Gballanl, botb Tanzanlan natlonals.
Wablo el-Hage (a Lebanese), wbo serveo as bln Laoen's personal secretary ano
bao moveo to Kenya ln 1994 to asslst ln tbe runnlng ot tbe Kenyan cell.
Mustata Mobameo Faobll (an Lgyptlan), wbo was accuseo ot preparlng ano
loaolng eploslves lnto tbe truck useo ln tbe attack ln Tanzanla.
Tbe Nalrobl bomblng was carrleo out by two Sauol natlonals: Mobameo Rasbeo
Daouo al-Owball (sentenceo to llte lmprlsonment ln October, 2001) wbo tbrew
stun grenaoes at embassy guaros betore runnlng ott, ano anotber, only reterreo
to as 'Azzam', wbo was tbe sulcloe bomber.
Atter tbe al-Qaeoa terrorlst attacks ln Kenya ln 1998 ano 2002, a Commlsslon ot
lnqulry was tormeo tbougb lts tlnolngs were never maoe publlc. Tbe government
bowever lmproveo lts ablllty to tlgbt terrorlsm ano relateo tbreats. |t lncreaseo lts
capabllltles to loentlty, arrest ano oetaln suspects tbrougb an Antl-Terrorlsm Pollce
Unlt (ATPU) tbat was establlsbeo ln 2002. Yet al-Sbabab's aovances ln Somalla ourlng
tbe last tew years bave cballengeo Kenya's ablllty to prevent terrorlst attacks.
Poverty, weak boroers, corruptlon, lnept pollce, talleo governments ano rlslng
olsllluslonment among young |slamlsts bave maoe Kenya ano otber Atrlcan natlons easy
targets ano potentlal bavens tor global terrorlsts. Compareo to countrles llke Lgypt ano
|srael Kenya's counter-terrorlsm ettorts are weak.
20
On tbe pollce sloe, tbe government bas taken a number ot measures almeo at
strengtbenlng tbe torces ablllty to combat terrorlsm ano relateo crlmes. Some ot tbe
measures lncluoe: tbe creatlon ot Antl-terrorlsm Pollce Unlt, tbe openlng a Counter-
Terrorlsm Center to provloe an lnstltutlonal tramework to combat tbe tbreats, ano
slgnltlcant tunolng ot tbe center to bolster lts capablllty ln combatlng tbe terrorlsm
tbreat ano tbe enactment ot tbe Preventlon ot terrorlsm Act, 2012. Tbls bave bowever
stlll been seen to be lnettectlve.
4.2 The Attack on Westgate MaII
Tbe serles ot attacks, lnto wblcb tbe Westgate lncloent talls began ln October 2011
atter tbe Kenyan army lnterventlon ln Somalla. Slnce tben, terrorlst eplsooes bave
taken varlous torms lncluolng grenaoes burleo lnto crowos ln urban spaces, tbe
lnolscrlmlnate sbootlng lnto crowos ot people, lncluolng ln cburcbes, ano tbe slaylng ot
securlty ottlcers ln colo blooo. Most ot tbese lncloents took place ln several towns ln
tbe nortb-eastern part ot Kenya, wblcb bave become tbe eplcenters ot terrorlsm ln
Kenya.
A year betore tbe attack, a Kenyan government lntelllgence report warneo ot a
potentlal attack at Westgate. Tbe brletlng oateo September 21, 2012, salo Somall
mllltants trom tbe group al-Sbabaab were plannlng to target tbe part-|sraell-owneo
mall. Tbere were clalms ot lntelllgence reports tbat suspecteo al-Sbabaab operatlves
were ln Nalrobl ano plannlng to mount sulcloe attacks on an unolscloseo oate,
targetlng Westgate mall. Anotber lntelllgence brletlng trom February warneo ot
attacks llke tbose tbat struck Mumbal ln late 2008, "wbere tbe operatlves storm lnto a
bullolng wltb guns ano grenaoes ano probably bolo bostages. |t ls unclear wbat
measures were put ln place to prevent tbe attacks.
On Saturoay September 21 2013, attackers belleveo to be about 10 ano 15 (number
yet to be ascertalneo), stormeo lnto west gate mall ano ranoomly starteo sbootlng.
About tlve armeo attackers burst tbrougb one ot tbe maln entrances, guns blazlng,
wblle anotber tour entereo tbrougb an unoergrouno parklng lot. Lploslves also went
ott ln tbe bullolng causlng lt to cave ln some tloors. |t ls not clear wbo between tbe
terrorlsts ano tbe securlty torces set ott tbe eploslves.
Tbe Cblet ot General Statt announceo tbat tbe terrorlsts set mattresses on tlre lnsloe
tbe bullolng as a olstractlon wblle tbey escapeo. Tbe sltuatlon lasteo tor 3 oays enolng
wltb tbe Presloent's announcement on 24
tb
September tbat tbe securlty torces bao
galneo control ot tbe bullolng. |t ls reporteo tbat tbe attack leo to over 70 oeatbs ano
more tban 200 bunoreo were lnjureo. Abu 8araal Al Suoanl, Omar Nabban ano Kbatab
Al Kene bave been loentltleo as suspects.
21
Tbe attack bas oemonstrateo bow utterly vulnerable Kenya ls to acts ot terrorlsm.
Several questlons arlse out ot tbls attack.
4.2.1 5ecurity Iapses
Tbere are concerns tbat warnlngs about tbe attack may bave been mlsseo or lgnoreo
by tbe government. Reports lnolcate tbat lntormatlon about suspecteo terrorlsts
plannlng an attack was relayeo to Kenya's securlty organs but no actlon was taken.
Tbese clalms sboulo be lnterrogateo.
|t sboulo also be lnterrogateo wby otber countrles sucb as Ltblopla ano 8urunol wbo
bao earller sent troops to Somalla bave not been attackeo by tbe al-sbaabab. Tanzanla
bas also not suttereo any terrorlst attacks atter tbe 1998 bomblngs. |s lt because our
securlty torces are weak, lnolsclpllneo ano easlly corruptlble? Tbe measures put ln place
to protect tbe country atter tbe 1998 bomblngs ano tollowlng tbe lnterventlon lnto
Somalla by tbe KDF wblcb bas put tbe country at a greater rlsk sboulo be loentltleo.
5ecurity Iapses before the attack
Were tbere any specltlc actlons wblcb any ot our securlty servlces woulo bave
taken to prevent tbe attack wblcb were not taken? |t tbere were, bow sboulo
we be proceeolng now?
Wbat was tbe role ot tbe N|S ln preventlng tbe Westgate attack?
Wbat actlons (lt any) were taken to prevent tbe attacks?
5ecurity Iapses during the attack
|t ls reporteo tbat tbere was contllct ln commano ourlng tbe operatlon wblcb
causeo tbe attackers to galn grouno ano leo to more oeatbs. Coulo tbese
allegatlons be contlrmeo? Wbo was ln cbarge/ln commano ourlng tbe attacks?
Tbere are tears tbat some ot tbe oeao were kllleo ln trlenoly tlre, lncluolng a
Kenyan pollce commanoer. Wbat eactly took place ourlng tbe operatlon at tbe
Westgate? Coulo more people bave been saveo?
How ettectlve ls tbe antl-terrorlsm pollce unlt ano wbat was tbelr role ourlng
tbe attack?
|t was reporteo tbat tbe securlty torces were lnvolveo ln lootlng ot property at
tbe mall. Can cases ot lootlng by tbe securlty torces be contlrmeo?
Dlo any suspects escape by pretenolng to be bostages?
Wbat bappeneo to tbe terrorlsts? How many were kllleo?
Tbe Cablnet Secretary was accuseo ot glvlng contllctlng lntormatlon wltb regaro
to tbe operatlon. Wbat was tbe real sltuatlon?
22
After the attack
Wbat measures were put ln place atter tbe 1998 bomblngs?
Wbat lmmeolate ano long term securlty measures bave been put ln place to
prevent any turtber attacks tollowlng tbreats ot otber attacks lssueo by al-
sbabaab?
Dlo any suspects escape?
How many bostages were stlll ln tbe bullolng wben tbe operatlon was
concluoeo?
How long wlll lt take to remove tbe rubble?
How can Kenya alm to strengtben tbe counter-terrorlsm unlt to enable lt to be
comparable to tbat ot tbe |sraell Speclal Forces or tbe Unlteo States Forces?
5ecurity Iapses at the lnnigration Departnent
Tbe lmmlgratlon oepartment ls accuseo ot belng blgbly corrupt ano lettlng ln orug
oealers, wanteo crlmlnals ano terrorlsts among otber susplclous lnolvlouals. Securlty
measures at tbe lmmlgratlon oepartment ano especlally at tbe boroers sboulo be
lnterrogateo as tbls ls tbe polnt wbere tbe terrorlsts tlno a way to get tbrougb.
5ecurity at the Refugee Canps
Retugee camps are touteo to be tbe baven tor terrorlsts. Wbat securlty measures bave
been put ln place at tbese camps to protect bumanltarlan alo workers ano prevent any
acts ot terrorlsm trom occurrlng? Wbat actlons are ln place to ensure tbat tbese camps
are not bavens tor breeolng terrorlsts?
4.2.2 LegisIation
|n eternal cooperatlon, Kenya bas ratltleo tbe twelve lnternatlonal conventlons
relevant to tbe tlgbt agalnst terrorlsm. Tbe Last Atrlcan Counterterrorlsm |nltlatlve
(LACT|) ano C[TF-HOA ls tbe tounoatlon tor U.S. counterterrorlsm programs ln so tar
as US - Kenya partnersblp ln counter-terrorlsm ls concerneo. Kenya bas ratltleo Atrlca
Unlon's Conventlon on tbe Preventlon ano Combatlng ot Terrorlsm 1999 ano lts 2002
Protocol wblcb bas oevelopeo a 'Plan ot Actlon on tbe Preventlon ano Combatlng ot
Terrorlsm ln Atrlca wblcb specltlcally reterences tbe obllgatlons set out unoer UNSC
RLS1373. Some lmpeolments, lnternal ano eternal, stlll elsts ln tbe so tar as Kenya's
lnternal ano eternal cooperatlon towaros tbe lmplementatlon ot UNSC Resolutlon
1373 ls concerneo.
Tbe Penal Cooe Cap 63 ot tbe laws ot Kenya, tbe 8anklng law, ano tbe Antl-Money-
Launoerlng ano Crlme Proceeos ot Crlme 8lll make lt an ottence tor any lnolvloual or
23
organlzatlon to open, operate, tlnance, recrult or asslst any person or organlzatlon
engageo ln terrorlst actlvltles.
|s tbe Leglslatlon (Preventlon ot terrorlsm Act, 2012) ln place to tackle terrorlsm
ettectlve? Tbe law wltb regaro to tbe ottences may neeo to be revleweo. For lnstance,
Unoer Clause 4 ot tbe Act, a person wbo lntllcts terror ln Kenya can be sentenceo to a
malmum ot 30 years ln prlson tbougb be/sbe may be sentenceo to llte lmprlsonment lt
tbe act results ln oeatb ot anotber person. However, a person wbo commlts robbery
wltb vlolence ls sentenceo to oeatb.
4.2.3 Funding
|t wlll be lmportant to lnterrogate lt tbe tunolng to tbe securlty torces ls suttlclent ano
bow mucb ot tbe tunolng to tbe securlty torces went olrectly towaros tbe lntelllgence
servlce ano bullolng ano enbanclng tbe antl- terrorlsm capablllty?
PROCEEDlNG5 OF THE jOlNT COMMlTTEE
5.0 jOlNT COMMlTTEE Vl5lT TO THE WE5TGATE MALL ATTACK
5lTE
Tbe Commlttee vlslteo tbe Westgate Mall slte on Monoay 30
tb
September, 2013 at 2.30
pm. Durlng a tour ot tbe bullolng, tbe Commlttee observeo tbe tollowlng:-
Tbere was etenslve oestructlon ot property walls were rlooleo wltb bullet
boles, tbere was crackeo glass ln vlrtually all tbe sbops, some ot tbe sbops sucb
as tbe Pbone Lpress Lto. bao empty sbelves.
Part ot tbe bullolng root bao collapseo oue to apparent gun tlre/eploslves.
Tbe tloors were covereo wltb spots ot blooo wblcb polnteo to lnjurles suttereo
by tbe bostages ourlng tbe attack.
Tbe tloors were covereo wltb water wblcb tbe Commlttee learnt came trom
tbe tlre tlgbters as tbey put out a tlre wblcb bao starteo ln tbe Nakumatt
Supermarket.
Tbe tloors were llttereo wltb personal ettects ot tbe tleelng bostages.
A number ot veblcles on tbe collapseo roottop bao been burnt etenslvely.
Durlng a meetlng wltb tbe securlty personnel, representeo by Maj. Lmmanuel Cblcblr
ot KDF ano |nspector vltalls Otleno OCPD Glglrl, Members were lntormeo tbat:
Tbe terrorlsts wbo were belleveo to be tlve ln number attackeo Westgate Mall on 21
st
September 2013 at arouno 11.30 am.
24
Tbe beavlly armeo terrorlsts galneo access to tbe Mall atter torclng tbelr way lnto tbe
premlse wltb tbe alo ot tbree prlvate cars ano sbot oeao a supervlsor wltb a securlty
tlrm mannlng tbe Mall atter tbe guaro contronteo tbem soon atter be notltleo by bls
junlors wbo were at tbe maln gate.
Tbe OCPD Westlanos took cbarge ot tbe operatlon at tbe Mall soon atter tbe
terrorlsts went on rampage untll wben tbe |nspector General ot Pollce arrlveo at tbe
scene.
Tbere was no bao blooo among tbe securlty ottlcers wbo were lnvolveo ln tbe rescue
operatlon at tbe Mall.
Tbe aovance team trom Kenya Detence Forces arrlveo at tbe scene at 3.30 pm wblle
tbe Speclal Forces arrlveo at about 5.00 pm.
|mmeolately atter arrlval at tbe scene, tbe Kenya Detence torces secureo all tbe elts at
tbe Mall wltb tbe alo ot tbe Westgate Mall map tbat tbey were provloeo wltb by tbe
management.
Tbe tlnal number ot persons wbo lost tbelr llves ln tbe attack woulo be revealeo once
tbe lnvestlgatlons are over as tbe securlty torces were stlll ln tbe process ot retrlevlng
tbe oeao booles trappeo unoer tbe rubble.
Wben tbe army came ln, tbe Natlonal Pollce Servlce wltborew tbelr Ottlcers to pave
way tor tbe army wblcb was a superlor torce.
|nvestlgatlon was unoerway on tbe allegatlons tbat securlty torces were lnvolveo ln tbe
lootlng spree at tbe Mall.
At one polnt tbe securlty torces retreateo to re-strateglze as terrorlsts were sbootlng
at tbem trom aovantage polnt leaolng to a number ot unltormeo casualtles.
Flve terrorlst were kllleo ourlng tbe last onslaugbt to recapture tbe Westgate Mall ano
tbat lt was belleveo tbat tbelr booles were stlll trappeo unoer tbe rubble.
|t was too early to tell tbe eact number ot clvlllans wbo were trappeo unoer tbe
rubble ano tbat tbe posslbllltles ot trlenoly booles belng trappeo unoer tbe rubble
woulo be very lnslgnltlcant lt any because all tbe oeao booles were actually removeo
trom tbe bullolng betore tbe bullolng collapseo.
On tbe questlon ot tbe prlor knowleoge ot terrorlst attack at tbe Mall, tbe OCPD
lntormeo tbe Members tbat be bao no sucb lntormatlon ano tbat wben be got posteo
be met tbe management ot tbe Mall over securlty lssues ano was also taken tbrougb tbe
Mall to carry out securlty assessment.
25
Tbere was a lot ot mlscommunlcatlon surrounolng tbe attermatb ot Westgate terror
attack golng by tbe reports tbat tbe terrorlsts mlgbt bave useo tbe unoergrouno tunnel
reporteo ln tbe meola as tbe escape route.
Crlmlnal |nvestlgatlon Department was lnvestlgatlng tbe allegatlon tbat prlor to tbe
terrorlst attack, tbe attackers renteo ot tbe rooms at tbe Mall tor buslness purposes.
No terrorlst escapeo trom tbe bullolng as tbe scene was beavlly secureo by tbe Kenya
securlty torces.
Tbe bullolng collapseo as a result ot eploslves wblcb were tlreo lnsloe tbe Mall by tbe
terrorlst.
Tbe recovery ot tbe terrorlsts ano clvlllans booles stlll covereo unoer tbe rubble mlgbt
take a llttle longer as tbe process lnvolves removal ot tbe rubbles.
Concerns raised by the Connittee Menbers
Tbe Commlttee Members sougbt to know tbe tollowlng trom tbe securlty ottlcers on
tbe grouno:
|. Tbe eact number ot terrorlsts wbo were lnvolveo ln tbe attack golng by tbe
contllctlng lntormatlon glven by oltterent government Ottlcers.
||. Tbe total number ot clvlllans kllleo ln tbe attack.
|||. Tbe number ot bostages wbo were belleveo to bave been ln tbe bullolng wben tbe
Mall collapseo.
|v. Tbe true cause ot tbe tlre tbat was wltnesseo at tbe Mall.
v. Tbe cause ot tbe collapse ot tbe rear sloe ot tbe bullolng.
v|. Tbe total number ot securlty Ottlcers wbo oleo trom tbe terrorlst tlres ano
trlenoly tlres.
v||. Wben tbe securlty torces epect to tlnallze on tbelr lnvestlgatlons.
v|||. Tbe allegatlons on rampant lootlng at tbe Mall.
|X. Tbe unoergrouno tunnel tbat was reporteoly useo by tbe terrorlsts to escape atter
carrylng out tbe attack.
|n response to tbe above clarltlcatlons, tbe Commlttee was lntormeo as tollows:-
26
Tbe total number kllleo ourlng tbe attack, accorolng to Government sources, was 67. |t
was not posslble to establlsb tbe number ot bostages trappeo ln tbe bullolng as tbe
slege progresseo tlll a sectlon ot tbe bullolng collapseo.
Tbe tlre lnsloe tbe supermarket was causeo by tbe terror gang as a means to olstract
tbe securlty teams ano create a sltuatlon wblcb woulo enable tbem to regroup ano
launcb turtber attacks. Tbe sectlon ot tbe Mall tbat collapseo was oue to beavy
ecbange ot gun tlre between tbe terrorlsts ano tbe KDF sololers.
Tbe number ot securlty ottlcers kllleo ourlng tbe Mall slege was not yet establlsbeo. |t
was epecteo tbat torenslc lnvestlgatlons woulo be lnltlateo lmmeolately atter tbe
rubble was cleareo ano once booles were retrleveo, lt woulo tben be posslble to
establlsb tbe number ot ottlcers ano terrorlsts kllleo ourlng tbe ralo.
Tbere was no lootlng by securlty ottlcers at tbe Mall. Tbe allegatlons were untounoeo.
However, tbere was etenslve oestructlon ot property occasloneo by tbe beavy gun
tlgbt between tbe terrorlsts ano tbe KDF sololers. Tbere was no tunnel leaolng out ot
tbe Mall wblcb tbe terrorlsts coulo bave useo to escape.
6.0 MEETlNG WlTH WlTNE55E5 OF THE WE5TGATE MALL TERROR
ATTACK
Witness no. 001/Westgate
|n ber submlsslons, lntormeo tbe Commlttee tbat,
Sbe comes trom Matbloya Constltuency. Sbe bao workeo ln tbe Ottlce ot tbe Attorney
ano tbe Dlrector ot Meolcal Servlces.
Over tlme sbe bas trleo to reacb autborltles on wbat sbe reterreo to as lntormatlon
tbat coulo bave belpeo ln lmprovlng tbe securlty ot tbe natlon as sbe bao been bavlng a
lot ot concerns over operatlons ot tbe securlty systems ano tbe publlc servlce at large.
On 12
tb
December, 2012, sbe came across seven young men sleeplng ln a mosque ln
Cbuka Rual. Wben sbe lnqulreo about tbelr orlgln, tbey tolo ber tbey were trom tbe
Comoro |slanos ano were waltlng tor tbe Ambassaoor ot Yemen to process tbelr vlsas
so tbat tbey coulo go to Yemen tor turtber eoucatlon.
Sbe calleo tbe Dlstrlct Ottlcer Rual wbo alerteo bls Aomlnlstratlon Pollce wbo later
arresteo tbe young men.
Tbe tollowlng week wben sbe tolloweo up on tbe case sbe learnt tbat tbe young men
bao been releaseo atter two oays ln custooy. Wben sbe askeo tbe DO about tbe
release ot tbe seven torelgners, tbe DO tolo ber tbat be was not prlvy to tbe
lntormatlon about tbelr release.
27
Sbe later calleo tbe Ottlcer Commanolng Statlon (OCS), Nyatl Pollce statlon wbo
lntormeo ber tbat tbe suspects bao been banoeo over to tbe Antl-terror unlt, a
statement sbe olo not belleve.
Sbe relterateo tbat tbe lapse ot securlty ln tbe country was belgbteneo by tallure by tbe
securlty agencles to beeo cautlon trom tbe general publlc. Tbe Westgate terror attack
ano otber relateo terror attacks ln otber parts ot tbe country coulo bave been
preventeo lt tbe torces took securlty concerns by tbe publlc more serlously.
He lntormeo tbe Members tbat,
He was a buslnessman ano was a presloentlal canoloate ln tbe 2013 general electlon.
|n tbe process ot wantlng to be tbe presloent ot tbe country, be bullt a network ot
trlenos trom polltlcal, economlc ano tormer securlty cblets trom tbe Great Lakes reglon
because be belleveo securlty was one ot tbe plllars ot a successtul natlon.
Atter tbe general electlons be travelleo out ot tbe country wltb one ot tbe olplomats ln
tbe Last Atrlcan reglon wbo was at one tlme tbe Attorney General ano presloentlal
securlty aovlser ln bls country ot orlgln.
Durlng tbelr journey, tbe olplomat engageo blm ln a olscusslon on lnsecurlty ln Last
Atrlca, tbey touno out tbat tbe al-Sbaabab bao a network ot splrltual leaoers ano
promlnent tlnanclers ln Kenya.
|t emergeo tbat some splrltual leaoers ot tbe al-Sbaabab were carrylng out recrultment
wltb lntentlons to attack Kenya ln revenge tor tbe kllllng ot Sbelkb Abouo Rogo.
Wben be came back to tbe country ln May 2013, be passeo tbe lntormatlon be bao to
tbe pollce. He alerteo tbe pollce tbat tbere were plans to attack Kenya ln revenge tor
tbe KDF lnvaslon ot Somalla ano tbe subsequent kllllng ot Sbelkb Rogo. He met Mr.
Nebemlab K. 8ltok, tbe Dlstrlct Crlmlnal |nvestlgatlons Ottlcer, Central Pollce Statlon.
Atter llstenlng to tbe tape recorolng, tbe DC|O sent blm to tbe Antl-terrorlst unlt.
He later vlslteo tbe Antl-terror unlt ano banoeo over tbe tape recorolng to an ottlcer
wbom be loentltleo only as [ack.
Atter two weeks, be tolloweo up on tbe progress ot bls report to tbe Antl terror unlt
ano reallzeo no actlon bao been taken.
28
He later oecloeo to see tbe |nspector General ot Pollce over tbe lssue. Wben arrlveo
at tbe |G's ottlce be met Mr. Wllllam Okelo, tbe Cblet ot Statt at tbe Natlonal Pollce
Servlce, wbom be gave tbe tape recorolng. He also volunteereo more recorolng
captureo wltb bls spy camera pen on people wbo were olsgruntleo wltb tbe outcome
ot tbe Marcb 2013 general electlon.
Atter oellberatlons on tbe contents ot tbe lntormatlon be bao, Mr. Okelo promlseo to
pass on tbe lntormatlon to tbe |G ano later call on blm on tbe progress ot tbe
lnvestlgatlon. Atter a week, be requesteo a colleague to tollow up tbe case as be was
travelllng. Tbere was no response trom tbe |G'S ottlce.
Wben be came back trom tbe salo trlp, be maoe lnqulrles about tbe case but reallzeo
tbat notblng bao been oone. He belleveo tbat bao tbe securlty cblets acteo on tbe
lntormatlon be provloeo, tbe Westgate terror attack woulo bave been averteo.
He turtber recommenoeo to tbe Commlttee tbat lnter-taltb beallng ano reconclllatlon
sboulo be unoertaken ln oroer to brlng tbe country togetber.
Tbe wltness stateo as tollows,
He was a Kenyan worklng wltb Able Cltlzens Network, a rellet agency oeallng wltb
olsaster management ano response.
On tbe oay ot tbe terror attack, be was at Panganl watcblng Tv wben a colleague ot bls
calleo blm over tbe terror attack ano tbey oecloeo to rusb to tbe scene at arouno 1.30
pm.
On arrlval tbey touno a lot ot oeao booles at tbe parklng. Tbey oecloeo to look tor
survlvors. All tbls wblle, be was ln coorolnatlon wltb Mr. Abbas Gullet ano tbe Ngara
OCPD Mr. Anamwe.
At arouno 4 pm, tbe KDF team arrlveo at tbe scene. An ecbange ot trlenoly tlre
ensueo oue to, accorolng to blm, lack ot coorolnatlon. Tbls resulteo to tbe oeatb ot
one RLCCL unlt ottlcer. One KDF sololer was also burt.
Atter tbe sbootlng lncloent, be lett tbe scene to re-strateglse. Wltb tbe belp ot
Aomlnlstratlon pollce trom Kabete pollce statlon tbey manageo to rescue tbe last
group wbo were blolng ln tbe colo room at arouno 8 pm. Tbe rescueo bostages salo
tbat tbe terrorlsts were ln black unltorm but later cbangeo to yellow attlre. Tbe
attackers oemanoeo to know tbe rellglon ot tbe bostages, separatlng Cbrlstlans trom
Musllms. Tbey kllleo tbe Cbrlstlans.
29
Tbe rescue operatlon was resumeo tbe tollowlng mornlng as KDF personnel calleo ott
tbe nlgbt ottenslve oue to tallure ot tbe llgbtlng system at tbe Mall.
On Monoay 23
ro
September 2013, KDF sololers engageo ln a relentless gun tlgbt wltb
tbe terrorlsts.
He belleveo tbat KDF llt tbe tlre at tbe Nakumatt Supermarket ln oroer to olstract ano
tlusb out tbe attackers trom tbelr bloeout.
Wben be enqulreo trom KDF sololers on tbe torcblng ot tbe supermarket, be was
oroereo to leave tbe scene because be was not part ot tbe rescue operatlon.
Accorolng to blm, KDF lntertereo wltb tbe operatlon tbat tbe RLCCL squao woulo
bave tlnlsbeo by Saturoay evenlng.
Response to Connittee's concerns
|n response to lssues ralseo by tbe Commlttee, be lntormeo tbe Members tbat,
He was not ln any loentltlable attlre commonly won by rescuers ourlng tbe rescue
operatlons but was alloweo to joln tbe rescue team by tbe OCPD Panganl, Mr. Samuel
Anamplu wbom be personally knew, ano Mr. Abbas Gullet wbo be bao workeo wltb
betore ln otber rescue operatlons.
He bao partlclpateo ln a number ot rescue mlsslons betore sucb as tbe 1998 bomb blast
Nalrobl, tbe Nyamaklma trageoy ot 2006 ano tbe Tsavo traln crasb.
On bow be came to know tbe number ot tbe people wbo were unaccounteo tor, be
bao reao about tbe upoates ln tbe newspapers.
He bao converteo lnto |slam ln 2011 because bls colleagues Able Cltlzens Network
were all Musllms ano tbat be worsblps at tbe Panganl mosque.
He runs a prlvate butcbery at Panganl wbere be earns a llvlng wblle be works
voluntarlly at tbe Able Cltlzens Network.
He olo not see tbe terrorlsts lnsloe tbe Mall. He olo not wltness any lootlng by tbe
KDF sololers, neltber olo be see tbem launcblng bano propelleo mlsslles, as be was not
alloweo lnto tbe Mall atter KDF took over.
Tbe Members resolveo tbat backgrouno cbeck be oone on wltness no. 3, tor tbe
reason tbat bls statements were contraolctory.
30
|t was turtber resolveo tbat a tborougb vettlng be oone on tbe wltnesses wbo woulo be
appearlng betore tbe Commlttee to ascertaln tbelr creolblllty.
7.0 PRE5ENTATlON5 BY EXPERT5 ON COUNTER-TERRORl5M AND
lNTELLlGENCE GATHERlNG
Tbe eperts took tbe Members tbrougb tbe tollowlng key polnts almeo at lmprovlng
securlty ot tbe natlon,
|.|ntelllgence ano oata collectlon: Tbere was neeo to malmlze oata collectlon to
enbance securlty tbrougb lntelllgence gatberlng.
||.|ntelllgence sbarlng wltbln ano across securlty agencles: Tbls ls a core tunctlon ot all
securlty organs ano must be encourageo.
|||.Haroenlng strateglc lnstallatlons: Tbe Commlttee bearo tbat many lnstallatlons llke
Government laboratorles were not aoequately secureo poslng a tbreat to natlonal
securlty. Tbere was no proper management ano control on purcbase ot cbemlcals
tbat are useo tor maklng tertlllzers.
|v.Publlc lnvolvement ano support tor better pollclng: Tbe publlc are not aoequately
engageo on securlty lssues. New proposals llke tbe n,um5o kum| lnltlatlve neeos
to be strengtbeneo as lt bas proveo successtul ln otber countrles
v.Role ot counter terrorlsm Center: Tbe Center sboulo be tully operatlonallzeo ano
utlllzeo.
v|.|ntegrlty wltbln securlty servlces: Tbere ls neeo to pay more attentlon to vettlng ot
securlty ottlcers. Fallure to punlsb ottenoers oents tbe lmage ot tbe securlty
agencles.
v||.Tbe neeo to promote ettectlve overslgbt: Tbe securlty ottlcers neeo to be maoe
accountable tor tbelr actlons ano at tbe same tlme tunoeo aoequately ln oroer to
tackle crlme. Commlttee ln cbarge ot securlty sboulo also bave an overslgbt on bow
membersblp ot tbe Securlty Councll ls structureo.
v|||.8etter coorolnatlon ot securlty: Tbe Government neeos to come up wltb tbe
provlslons tor speclal securlty aovlsers to guloe tbe Presloent on securlty relateo
lssues.
|X.Tbe neeo to tlno an lntertace between tbe Natlonal |ntelllgence Servlce ano tbe
Mllltary |ntelllgence: All otber lntelllgence servlces sucb as tbe Kenya Revenue
Autborlty, tbe Kenya Wllollte Servlce, tbe Kenya Pollce Servlce, etc sboulo be
coorolnateo towaros a secureo country wltbout puttlng empbasls only on tbe
Natlonal |ntelllgence Servlce. |ntelllgence gatberlng neeos to be centrallzeo ano
strlngent reportlng ano accountablllty establlsbeo.
X.Tbere ls neeo tor tbe Natlonal Assembly to come up wltb leglslatlons on manoatory
overslgbt over tbe securlty oockets.
Tbe Commlttee Members ralseo tbe tollowlng lssues trom tbe eperts,
31
Wbat woulo bave been tbe loeal commano structure ourlng tbe Westgate Mall
rescue operatlon?
Wbat role tbe Army, tbe Alr Force ano Navy plays ln ensurlng natlonal securlty?
Wby tbe numbers ot youtb belng recrulteo lnto terrorlsm actlvltles bas lncreaseo
over tbe years.
Wbetber tbere was a law tbat elsts on coorolnatlon ano collaboratlon between
tbe securlty organs ourlng response to emergencles.
Wbat ls tbe communlcatlon structure between tbe Kenya Detence Forces ano tbe
Natlonal Pollce Servlce?
Wbetber tbere was bao blooo between tbe Kenya Detence Forces ano tbe
Natlonal Pollce Servlce tbat compllcateo tbe rescue operatlons ano resulteo lnto
lost ot llves trom tbe trlenoly tlre.
Wblcb securlty organ, ln tbelr oplnlon, sboulo appear tlrst betore tbe Commlttee?
|t a tramework coulo be oevelopeo on bow Kenyans ot gooo wlll can belp ln rescue
mlsslons as wltnesseo trom tbe members ot tbe Aslan communlty ano bow tbey can be
tacllltateo wltb llte savlng materlals llke bullet proot vests ourlng sucb operatlons.
Responses to Menbers' concerns,
Tbe Commlttee Members were lntormeo tbat:-
Tbe Kenya Detence Forces ougbt not to bave been oeployeo ln Westgate Mall as tbe
RLCCL squao bao alreaoy plnneo oown tbe terrorlsts by tbe tlme tbe KDF sololers
arrlveo at tbe scene ot attacks. |nvolvement ot tbe mllltary sboulo be a last resort
oeclslon especlally lt tbere ls eternal tbreat to a natlon's securlty.
Most youtb are lureo lnto terrorlst actlvltles as a result ot economlc barosblps bence
tbe urgent neeo to aooress poverty.
Tbere's neeo to pay attentlon to tbe contet wblle employlng tbe N,um5o Kum|
lnltlatlve as lt ls unllkely to work best ln all estates tor lnstance ln tbe up-market
resloentlal areas wbere people leao very prlvate llves.
Tbe Presloentlal olrectlve to bave tbe |nspector General to take commano ot tbe
Westgate Mall operatlon was proper. Tbe Cblet ot tbe Kenya Detence Forces sboulo
bave orolnary consulteo wltb tbe |nspector General ot Pollce ano sboulo bave wltbbelo
tbe oeployment ot KDF.
32
Tbe constltutlon too glves tbe KDF powers to supplement tbe servlces ot tbe pollce
wltbln our boroers but tbls must be ln llne wltb tbe vlenna agreement.
All securlty agents bave counter terrorlsm unlts bence tbere ls neeo to sbare
lntormatlon amongst tbe agencles ln oroer to aovance natlonal securlty.
Poor coorolnatlon ano brlnkmansblp resulteo lnto poor management ot tbe Westgate
Mall rescue operatlon.
Tbe Natlonal |ntelllgence Servlce sboulo appear tlrst betore tbe Commlttee ln oroer
tor tbe Members to gatber as mucb lntormatlon as posslble on wbo olo not pertorm
tbelr outles as requlreo. Tbls woulo enable tbe Commlttee to tlelo questlons ano seek
clarltlcatlons on acts ot commlsslon ano/or omlsslon by tbe securlty agencles.
The Way Forward
Tbe Natlonal Securlty Councll neeos to be revleweo ano auolteo ln oroer to enbance
ettlclency ano accountablllty wltbln tbe securlty torces.
Tbe securlty sector retorm agenoa sboulo be pursueo ln oroer to create an enabllng
envlronment tor vlbrant lnstltutlons.
Tbe securlty agencles sboulo be glven aoequate tunolng lt tbe war agalnst terrorlsm ano
lnsecurlty wltbln our boroers ls to be reallzeo.
Tbe natlonal programme tor e-servlce ottlcers sboulo be put ln place to curb cases ot
lnsecurlty brougbt about by tbe e-servlce men wbo take up to crlmlnal actlvltles upon
olsmlssal trom tbe torce.
Tbe prlvate securlty sector ano tbe Natlonal Pollce Servlce sboulo work togetber
towaros a secureo Natlon. Tbe prlvate securlty sector sboulo also be regulateo. To
tbat ettect, tbe Prlvate Securlty 8lll, 2012 sboulo be tast trackeo. Communlty pollclng,
tbrougb tbe N,um5o Kum| lnltlatlve, sboulo be strengtbeneo.
Tbe prlsons oepartments sboulo work towaros retormlng ottenoers. Tbe prlsons
sboulo not be breeolng grounos tor prlsoners to turn lnto baro core crlmlnals.
Tbe [uolclary sboulo meet lts obllgatlons ln tbe war agalnst terrorlsm. Stltter penaltles
on terrorlsts sboulo be encourageo to oeter new ottenoers trom gettlng recrulteo lnto
terrorlsm actlvltles.
33
Tbe Government sboulo provloe employment opportunltles to tbe youtb so tbat tbey
can be actlvely ano posltlvely engageo tor tbem to bave no lole tlme to partlclpate ln
terrorlst actlvltles.
Formulatlon ot tbe Natlonal Securlty Pollcy, tbe Crlme Management Strategy Paper ano
tbe Natlonal Dlsaster Management ano Response Dratt Pollcy oocument sboulo be tast
trackeo ano operatlonallzeo.
7.1 FlR5T MEETlNG WlTH CABlNET 5ECRETARlE5 FOR lNTERlOR
AND COORDlNATlON OF NATlONAL GOVERNMENT, AND
DEFENCE, AND DlRECTOR GENERAL, NATlONAL
lNTELLlGENCE 5ERVlCE
Tbe representatlves trom tbe Mlnlstry ot Detence, |nterlor ano Coorolnatlon ot
Natlonal Government ano tbe Natlonal |ntelllgence Servlce maoe elaborate
presentatlons to tbe Commlttee concernlng tbe Westgate Mall attack as well as otber
terrorlst attacks ln tbe Country.
Tbe presentatlons lncluoeo:
A backgrouno on terrorlst actlvlty ln tbe Country up to oate,
A oetalleo presentatlon on tbe operatlons ot tbe Securlty agencles ln avertlng
tbe terrorlst actlvltles,
An ln oeptb presentatlon on tbe Westgate Mall oroeal ano tbe metboo ln wblcb
tbe attack was banoleo by tbe multl-agency operatlon lncluolng tbe cballenges
eperlenceo ln avertlng tbe rlsk.
7.1.1 Presentation by the Director GeneraI, NationaI lnteIIigence 5ervice
Tbe Dlrector General, Natlonal |ntelllgence Servlce, ln tormeo tbe Commlttee as
tollows,
Kenya bas borne tbe brunt ot a serles ot terrorlst attacks sucb as tbe Nortolk botel
bomblng ln 1980, tbe US Lmbassy blast ot 1998, tbe Klkambala attack ln 2002 ano tbe
Westgate Mall attack ot September 2013.
N|S bao also tolleo some planneo terrorlst attacks ln tbe country. Several terrorlsts
bave been loentltleo ano arrests bave been maoe wblle otbers are on tbe run. An
assortment ot arms ano ammunltlon, bomb maklng materlals, sulcloe bomb vests bave
been recovereo ourlng ralos on suspecteo terrorlst abooes.
Over 300 al-Amnlyat, tbe al Sbabaab lntelllgence wlng, bave been olspatcbeo to Kenya
slnce 2011 to conouct covert survelllance ano carry out attacks.
34
About 500 Kenyans bave been recrulteo lnto al Sbabaab. Tbe recrults are malnly
unemployeo youtb, mostly ot Musllm taltb ano reslolng ln tbe slum nelgbbourbooos
sucb as tbe Majengo area ot Nalrobl. Over 200 Kenyan youtb bave been tlgbtlng
alongsloe al-Sbabaab slnce 2009. Some bave come back to tbe country ano are engageo
ln crlmlnal actlvltles, wblle otbers remalneo ln Somalla.
Plans on Westgate attack were conoucteo between Kakuma retugee camp ano
Lastlelgb Tblro ano Sltb Street ln Nalrobl. Tbe Mall bao been loentltleo as a posslble
target by 2011. An lntelllgence report was glven to tbe Westgate Mall Management ln
2011.
Survelllance ot tbe Mall by terrorlsts lntensltleo ln 2012. Flnal preparatlons on tbe
attack were oone ln [une 2013, ano belgbteneo ln September 20
tb
tbrougb 21
st
September wben tbe attack was eecuteo.
N|S accesseo tbe CCTv tootage tor purposes ot constructlng tbe events leaolng to tbe
attack ano ln loentltylng tbe attackers. |nvestlgatlons stlll on-golng ano a number ot llnks
bave been pleceo togetber wblle planners ano tbe actual attackers bave been loentltleo.
Terrorlst attacks were stlll belng planneo on several strateglc areas ln tbe country.
Some ot tbe attackers are reaoy to ole tor tbelr cause. Tbey are tralneo tor lntelllgence
gatberlng ano counter lntelllgence ano bave epertlse ln assembllng bombs. Tbey come
trom an array ot oltterent communltles ln tbe country.
Tbe Natlonal |ntelllgence Servlce bas put up certaln measures to counter terrorlsm.
Tbey are worklng closely wltb all tbe otber securlty agencles.
Tbe lnstablllty ln Somalla contlnues to provloe a breeolng grouno tor terrorlsts. Tbere
ls neeo tor appralsal ot tbe counter terrorlsm strategy. Tbere ls urgent neeo to aooress
vulnerabllltles, lncluolng accelerateo peace ettorts ln Somalla.
7.1.2 Presentation by the Ministry of Defence
Tbe Cablnet Secretary ano ber team trom tbe Mlnlstry ot Detence maoe ber
presentatlon to tbe Commlttee ano lntormeo tbe Members tbat:-
Tbe Kenya Detence Forces ls establlsbeo unoer Artlcle 241(1) ot tbe Constltutlon. Tbe
Detence Forces were oeployeo to tbe Westgate Mall scene pursuant to Artlcle
241(3)(b) wblcb states tbat tbe Detence Forces sball asslst ano cooperate wltb otber
35
autborltles ln sltuatlons ot emergency or olsaster, ano report to tbe Natlonal Assembly
wbenever oeployeo ln sucb clrcumstances.
Tbe Mlnlstry by oeploylng troops to Westgate Mall was tberetore wltbln tbe law. Tbe
KDF sololers useo proportlonate torce to respono to tbe emergency sltuatlon at
Westgate Mall.
Tbe operatlon starteo arouno 3pm on Saturoay 21
st
September, 2013. Tbe KDF
sololers ecbangeo wbat was reterreo to as 'trlenoly tlre' wltb tbe Pollce RLCCL squao.
As a result, one member ot tbe squao was kllleo wblle a KDF sololer was burt.
Tbe sololers moveo trom tloor to tloor as lnolcateo on orawlngs ano arcbltectural
oeslgns ot tbe Westgate Mall were olsplayeo, lnolcatlng
Tbe operatlon was conoucteo tor tbree oays untll tbe sltuatlon was brougbt to control
on Monoay 23
ro
September, 2013.
7.1.3 Presentation by the NationaI PoIice 5ervice
Tbe Dlrector, Crlmlnal |nvestlgatlon Department, lntormeo tbe Commlttee tbat,
Tbe attackers, belleveo to be ot Somall orlgln, arrlveo at Westgate at arouno 12.30 pm
ln a saloon car reglstratlon number KAS 575X.
Tbe GSU RLCCL Company ano Aomlnlstratlon Pollce arrlveo tlrst at tbe scene ano
were able to pln oown tbe terrorlsts by about 4 pm. Tbe KDF Rangers Strlke Force
(RSF) arrlveo at tbe scene. Tbe Pollce unlts were wltborawn to let tbe KDF sololers to
take cbarge.
Tbe controntatlon contlnueo to Monoay 23
ro
October, 2013, wben tbe terrorlsts were
suboueo. Forenslc lnvestlgatlons starteo.
Durlng tbe attack, slty seven (67) persons lost tbelr llves wblle 237 otbers were
lnjureo.
|nvestlgatlons were tbereatter starteo. Several suspects were arresteo. Otber persons
are belng pursueo lncluolng persons wbo were lnvolveo ln tbe purcbase ot tbe veblcle
tbat transporteo tbe attackers to tbe scene. Forty seven (47) arrests bave been maoe,
Twenty tbree (23) bave been releaseo wblle elgbteen (18) are stlll ln custooy.
Some booy parts, belleveo to be tbose ot tbe tour terrorlsts ano tour AK 47 rltles,
were touno at tbe scene ot attack.
36
Tbe Pollce maoe tbe tollowlng observatlons:-
Tbe attackers were malnly orawn trom tbe Kakuma Retugee Camp. Loglstlcal
preparatlons were oone by Kenyan Somalls baseo on tbe Tblro ano Sltb Streets ln
Lastlelgb.
Tbe attackers bao contact wltb tbe outsloe worlo wltb several calls belng maoe to
Somalla ano Norway.
Tbe maln cballenge tbat tbe lnvestlgatlons were taceo wltb on DNA protlllng ls tbat
tbere ls no oatabase avallable DNA oatabase to compare wltb. Lven atter tbe torenslc
lnvestlgatlons are out, tbere ls no leglslatlon ln place to enable tor tbe creatlon ot a
vlable DNA oata base.
Mrs. Grace Kalnol, wblle presentlng on tbe terrorlst attacks ln otber areas, lntormeo
tbe Commlttee tbat,
Tbe botspots wbere attacks bave occurreo lncluoe Manoera, Wajlr, Moyale, Garlssa ln
Nortb Lastern, Tana Rlver ln Lastern, Mombasa ln tbe Coast Provlnce, ano 8ungoma
ano 8usla ln tbe Western reglon.
Tbe al Sbabaab mllltlas are belleveo to be beblno tbe attacks ln Nortb Lastern. Tbe
outlaweo Mombasa Republlcan Councll (MRC) ls responslble tor attacks at tbe Coast,
wblle contllcts ln tbe Lastern area especlally ln Tana Rlver ano ln Western reglon are
polltlcally lnstlgateo.
Contllcts bave also been tuelleo by cattle rustllng especlally among Communltles llvlng
wltbln tbe Upper Rltt sucb as tbe Samburus ano tbe Turkanas.
Several arrests bave been maoe ano tbe sltuatlon ln most ot tbese areas bas now
normallzeo.
7.2 5ECOND MEETlNG WlTH THE CABlNET 5ECRETARlE5 FOR
lNTERlOR AND COORDlNATlON OF NATlONAL
GOVERNMENT, AND DEFENCE, AND DlRECTOR GENERAL,
NATlONAL lNTELLlGENCE 5ERVlCE
37
Followlng tbe prevlous meetlng wltb tbe Securlty Cblets, tbe Mlnlstry ot Detense maoe
a presentatlon seeklng to clear tbe allegatlons tbat bao been maoe by tbe meola
tbrougb televlslon program '[lcbo Pevu'. Tbe presentatlon sougbt to respono to tbe
vloeos sbown by tbe program justltylng wby tbe Kenya Detence Forces were seen
leavlng trom Nakumatt wltb plastlc sbopplng bags.
Tbe Members ot tbe Commlttee sougbt tbe tollowlng clarltlcatlons trom tbe Securlty
Cblets:
l) Wbetber tbere was any contllct between tbe securlty agencles, tbat ls, tbe N|S,
tbe Mlnlstry ot |nterlor ano tbe Mlnlstry ot Detence,
ll) Wbetber tbe N|S lntelllgence lntormatlon on tbe lmpenolng attack at Westgate
Mall was sbareo wltb tbe otber securlty agencles,
lll) Reasons as to wby KDF olo not recoro statements ot tbe otber tlnanclal
lnstltutlons wltbln Westgate,
lv) Tbe number ot terrorlsts wbo were kllleo,
v) Wbetber tbere was any banoover between tbe pollce ano tbe army,
vl) Wbat lntormeo tbe oeclslon tor KDF to lntervene ln tbe attack,
vll) Wbetber tbe country ls well equlppeo to banole sucb an attack, more
specltlcally ln terms ot manpower,
vlll)Wbetber tbere are any operatlonal guloellnes tor a multl-agency operatlon,
l) Wbetber tbere ls a natlonal securlty pollcy,
) Wbat was tbe source ot tbe tlre wltbln tbe supermarket,
l) Wbat causeo a sectlon ot tbe bullolng to collapse.
Tbe Dlrector General N|S responoeo to tbe concerns ralseo by Members, as tollows:
l) |ntelllgence on tbe posslblllty ot tbe attack was relayeo as early as Aprll 2011,
ano certaln areas were pronounceo as belng prlmary targets, among wblcb tbe
Westgate Mall was part ot tbe mentloneo targets,
ll) |ntormatlon about tbe lntentlon to alr tbe '[lcbo Pevu' vloeo cllp was attalneo by
N|S, ano ettorts were maoe by tbe Servlce to prevent tbe alrlng ot tbe cllp.
However tbe cllp was stlll alreo. Tbls only re-empbaslzes tbe tact tbat tbe
manoate ot tbe N|S ls very llmlteo baseo on tbe Act passeo by Parllament.
Nevertbeless, tbere are plans to ensure tbat actlon ls taken agalnst tbe persons
wbo alreo tbe cllp.
lll) Tbe lntormatlon glven by tbe Hon. Senator Mlke 'Sonko' was not relayeo to tbe
N|S, wblcb presents anotber cballenge tbe N|S ls eperlenclng, tbat ls, tbe tlow
ot lntormatlon between tbe securlty agencles ano bow to aooress tbe creolblllty
ot sucb lntormatlon. |n aooltlon to tbls, tbere ls also a cballenge ln tbe gatberlng
ot lntelllgence lntormatlon.
38
lv) Deallng wltb terrorlsm requlres a multl-agency ettort wblcb justltles wby all tbe
Securlty agencles came togetber to oeal wltb tbe attack, above all, tbere ls neeo
tor a natlonal ettort to mltlgate sucb tbreats trom occurrlng.
v) Consloeratlons sboulo also be maoe regarolng tbe resources allocateo to tbe
Pollce ln oeallng wltb sucb matters, tbat ls, tbere ls an obvlous ano serlous
sbortage ot resources sucb as securlty apparatus, wblcb ls crltlcal ln banollng
sucb tbreats.
vl) Tbe lmportance ot bavlng a clear unoerstanolng ot tbe role ot N|S wblcb ls
prlmarlly to asslst, support ano co-operate wltb otber natlonal organs or
agencles ln tbe eerclse ot tbelr powers ano olscbarge ot tbelr tunctlons.
Aooltlonally, tbere ls neeo to appreclate tbat tbe N|S bas no publlc volce ano
can tberetore not oeteno or justlty any allegatlons maoe by tbe publlc about tbe
N|S.
Tbe |nspector General maoe tbe tollowlng remarks ln response to tbe clarltlcatlons
sougbt by tbe Members:
l) Tbere was no banoover between tbe pollce ano KDF as tbe operatlon was
belng carrleo out by a multl-agency unlt. Nevertbeless, KDF bao tbe blesslng ot
tbe Kenya Pollce Servlce to take over tbe operatlon.
ll) |n tbe lnltlal stages ot tbe attack, tlve (5) ottlcers were lnjureo ano one (1) kllleo.
He stateo tbat tbere was no trlenoly tlre between tbe pollce ano tbe KDF.
lll) He turtber clarltleo tbat tbe country ooes bave a Natlonal Securlty Pollcy.
Tbe Cablnet Secretary tor Detence ano tbe Cblet ot tbe Detence Forces lntormeo tbe
Commlttee tbat:
l) Tbe rlgbt persons were sent ln to oeal wltb tbe attack, as sucb, Speclal Forces
wbo bave been tralneo ln all manner ot operatlons were tlown ln trom Gllgll.
ll) Tbe tlre was llt by tbe terrorlst as a way to try ano escape trom tbe bullolng,
wblcb leo to tbe oestructlon ot tbe bullolng.
lll) Tbe oeclslon ot KDF to lntervene ln tbe attack was lntormeo by tbe
Constltutlon ot Kenya 2010 unoer Artlcle 241 (3) (b) wblcb requlres tbe KDF
to asslst ano cooperate wltb otber autborltles ln sltuatlons ot emergency or
olsaster, ano report to tbe Natlonal Assembly wbenever oeployeo ln sucb
clrcumstances.
Tbe Dlrector ot Crlmlnal |nvestlgatlon Department maoe tbe tollowlng clarltlcatlons:
l) Tbat baseo on tbe statements trom tbe KDF, lt ls belleveo tbat all tbe terrorlsts
were kllleo ln tbe attack,
ll) Tbat tbere ls neeo to establlsb tbe evloentlary tbresbolo wben oeallng wltb
certaln terrorlst cases.
39
8.0 MEETlNG WlTH THE MANAGlNG DlRECTOR, NAKUMATT
HOLDlNG5 LlMlTED
Mr. Atul Sbab, tbe Managlng Dlrector, Nakumatt Hololngs Lto. Ano bls team, lntormeo
tbe Members tbat,
Nakumatt lost tbree members ot statt ln tbe trageoy wblle two were lnjureo.
Tbe Nakumatt Supermarket CCTv Cameras were banoeo over to N|S. Tbe
Management bao not recelveo tbe DvR's yet.
One ot tbe attackers was clearly ot Somall orlgln ourlng an encounter lnsloe tbe
Supermarket. Tbe terrorlst oroereo tbe pollce ottlcer wbo was escortlng tbem to
surrenoer bls gun betore sbootlng blm.
Tbe Management lost everytblng ln tbe sbop tbrougb tbe tlre wbose cause was yet to
be establlsbeo.
Tbe Management coulo not tell wbetber tbere was lootlng at tbe sbop as everytblng
was bao been razeo oown.
Llgbt mllllon sbllllngs was retrleveo trom tbe vaults. Tbe amount ot casb sale tor Frloay
ano Saturoay coulo not be accounteo tor as all tbe casb counters got burnt.
Response to issues raised by the Connittee
Tbe Management was not aware ot any lmmlnent attack at tbe Mall. Tbe Mall was
manageo by tbe Altbaus Servlces Llmlteo.
Tbere were strlngent securlty measures at tbe supermarket. Four armeo prlvate
securlty guaros were statloneo at tbe entrance ot tbe Mall ln aooltlon to unltormeo
ottlcers wbo were mannlng banks. Furtber all Nakumatt employees unoergo olsaster
management tralnlng.
On bow tbe KTN journallst acqulreo Nakumatt Supermarket CCTv tootage, tbe MD
stateo tbat CCTv cameras were ln tbe possesslon ot tbe Natlonal |ntelllgence Servlce.
Tbere was only one entrance to tbe colo room wltb no elt bence tbe terrorlsts coulo
not bave escapeo tbrougb Nakumatt supermarket colo room as allegeo
Tbe management was yet to recelve any answer concernlng tbe cause ot tlre tbat
gutteo oown tbe supermarket.
Tbe value ot stock lost at Westgate Nakumatt brancb was Ksbs. 1.6 bllllon ln aooltlon
to tbree veblcles tbat also got burnt.
40
Tbe Supermarket terrorlst was lnsureo agalnst acts ot terrorlsm, tor 60 ot tbe total
cover.
Lveryone was evacuateo trom tbe bullolng betore tbe bullolng collapseo. All tbelr
emergency elts were openeo atter attacks were reporteo.
Tbe lmpact ot tbe terror attack bao renoereo tbe brancb workers jobless. However,
tbe attecteo workers woulo not be lalo ott.
Tbe Management was not aware ot any brlet glven to tbe caretaker about any lmmlnent
attack at tbe Mall. Sucb lntormatlon coulo bave been cbannelleo to tbe owners ot tbe
bullolng.
Tbe paper bags seen belng carrleo away by KDF sololers were lnoeeo trom tbe
supermarket but tbey coulo not tell tbe contents. He also contlrmeo tbat tbe bullolng
was owneo by |sraell lnvestors.
Tbere were a total ot 64 CCTv cameras at tbe supermarket ano 4 DvR macblnes at
tbe Managers ottlce.
Power was swltcbeo ott at arouno mlo-oay on Monoay 23
ro
September 2013 maklng lt
olttlcult to know wbat bappeneo at tbe atter tbat.
Tbe Management was oeeply concerneo on value ot property lost at tbe brancb ano
regretteo tbe loss woulo bave been preventeo bao rescue operatlon been coorolnateo
properly.
Tbe MD also lntormeo tbe Members tbat pollce cblets were aovlseo over tbe posslblllty
ot lncreaslng more pollce ottlcers mannlng tbe malls ln varlous parts ot tbe country. A
response was yet to be recelveo.
9.0 PRE5ENTATlON5 BY DR. ABBA5 GULLET AND MR. ABDUL HAjjl
9.1 Dr. Abbas GuIIet
|n bls presentatlon, be lntormeo tbe Members tbat,
He recelveo a pbone call trom a colleague at 12.35 pm ano later anotber call at 12.40
pm trom Reo Cross Lmergency Center lntormlng blm ot tbe attack.
On arrlval at Westgate, be oecloeo to coorolnate tbe removal tbe wounoeo persons to
tbe bospltal. As tbe bostages came oown stalrs tbey were screeneo but tbere was no
tlme to carry out verltlcatlon cbecks on tbelr loentltlcatlon. He was not ln a posltlon to
41
contlrm tbe allegatlon tbat one ot tbe terrorlsts cbangeo bls clotbes ano lett wltb tbe
bostages.
8y 5.00 pm tbe terrorlsts bao been contlneo lnsloe Nakumatt supermarket by tbe
RLCCL squao. Tbe arrlval ot tbe KDF ano tbe subsequent wltborawal ot tbe RLCCL
squao gave tbe terrorlsts tlme to regroup.
Tbe lntormatlon on tbe mlsslng persons was provloeo to Reo Cross by relatlves ano
was subject to verltlcatlon. Tbe Government provloeo up-oates on tbe number ot llves
lost. |t was not tbe lntentlon ot tbe Reo Cross to contraolct tbe Government.
He olo not see any ot tbe terrorlsts wblle ln tbe Mall neltber coulo be tell tbelr
numbers. He relleo on lntormatlon glven by tbe sboppers wbo put tbe number
between 4-6 attackers.
Reo Cross bao no access to Nakumatt supermarket CCTv tootage. Tbe only cllps tbat
were avallable were trom tbe meola bouses.
He coulo not tell wbo between tbe terrorlsts ano tbe KDF ottlcers sbot oeao tbe
RLCCL squao ottlcer. He bao not wltnesseo any lootlng by KDF sololers or anyone
else. However, tbere were a lot ot supplles ot water ano tooo trom well wlsbers. He
coulo not tell tbe cause ot tlre at tbe Nakumatt Supermarket ano tbe subsequent tall ot
part ot tbe bullolng.
Tbere was lnoeeo no smootb bano over between tbe KDF ottlcers ano tbe RLCCL
squao ourlng cbange ot commano. Tbere was no clear communlcatlon ano
coorolnatlon.
Tbe country was not aoequately prepareo tor olsaster management. Tbe response to
emergencles ls usually olsjolnteo ano lacklng proper emergency response mecbanlsms.
For lnstance tbere are no emergency blooo banks or aoequate tacllltles tor storage.
9.2 Mr. AbduI Hajji
|n bls presentatlon, Mr. Hajjl lntormeo tbe Members tbat,
He recelveo a call trom bls brotber wbo was at tbe Westgate Mall lntormlng blm ot tbe
attack ano lmmeolately rusbeo to tbe scene.
He jolneo a group tbe armeo Aslan communlty rescuers. Tbe group galneo entry lnto
tbe Mall tbrougb tbe [ava cat ano began tbelr rescue mlsslon.
42
As tbey were movlng to grouno tloor, tbey encountereo reslstance trom tbe terrorlsts.
|n tbe process one ot tbe plaln clotbes pollce ottlcer was sbot. On tbe grouno tloor
tbey were jolneo by pollce ottlcers wbo lobbeo tear gas canlsters at tbe terrorlsts lnto
tbe Nakumatt supermarket wbere tbe terrorlsts were sbootlng trom.
Tbe rescue took a turn wltb tbe arrlval ot tbe KDF ottlcers wbo requesteo tbem to
stay away.
Tbere was no coorolnateo cbange over between tbe KDF ano tbe RLCCL squao as tbe
KDF only askeo tbem tbe locatlon ot tbe terrorlsts ano moveo ln.
Durlng tbe rescue operatlon tbat be partlclpateo ln, all tbe propertles were secureo
ano tbe owners were evacuateo. Tbere was no lootlng at tbe tlme. Tbe clalms ot
lootlng came a oay later.
He was not aware tbat tbere was an unoergrouno tunnel leaolng out ot tbe Mall. He
olo not see tbe 'wblte' terrorlst. Tbe rescueo bostages clalmeo to bave seen tour
terrorlsts.
He belleveo tbat tbe RLCCL squao coulo bave suboueo tbe terrorlsts even wltbout tbe
asslstance ot tbe mllltary.
10.0 MEETlNG WlTH THE DlRECTOR OF lMMlGRATlON, REGl5TRAR
OF PER5ON5, DlRECTOR, NATlONAL REGl5TRATlON BUREAU
AND AG. COMMl55lONER, DEPARTMENT OF REFUGEE AFFAlR5
|n ber presentatlon, tbe Dlrector ot tbe |mmlgratlon Department lntormeo tbe
Members tbat,
Wben sbe assumeo tbe posltlon, sbe lnvlteo tbe Ltblcs ano Antl-Corruptlon
Commlsslon to conouct a torenslc auolt ot tbe wbole Department. Arlslng trom
prellmlnary results ot tbls torenslc auolt, twenty ottlcers trom tbe Department bao
been lnterolcteo awaltlng tbe outcome ot turtber lnvestlgatlons. Tblrteen otber ottlcers
bao been askeo to step asloe to allow lnvestlgatlons to be carrleo out.
Tbe Natlonal Reglstratlon 8ureau bas establlsbeo crlme control mecbanlsms almeo at
curblng vlces assoclateo wltb torelgners wbo reglster lllegally as Kenyan natlonals.
|ssuance ot |D caros to retugees ls a process lnvolvlng a vettlng commlttee tbat ls
composeo ot vlllage eloers, tbe local cblet, OCPD ano lmmlgratlon ottlclals.
Tbe blggest cballenge taceo ln tbe lssuance ot reglstratlon oocuments ls tbe lntegrlty ot
statt. Some lmmlgratlon ottlclals take brlbes ano reglster allens wbo bave no proper
retugee status.
43
Plans are atoot to conoense all reglstratlon lntormatlon lnto one cblp tbat wlll contaln
lntormatlon llke loentltlcatlon oetalls, blrtb lntormatlon, cltlzensblp, etc.
Tbe Reglstrar ot Persons lntormeo tbe Commlttee Members tbat tbere are many cases
ot late reglstratlon wblcb presents a major cballenge to tbe eerclse. People ot
questlonable natlonalltles take aovantage ot tbls lapse. A campalgn to sensltlze people
on reglstratlon bas been batcbeo. Tbls ls almeo at preventlng lncloents ot late
reglstratlon.
Tbe actlng Commlssloner, Department ot Retugee Attalrs lntormeo tbe Commlttee
tbat:-
Tbe Department was createo by an act ot Parllament. Tbe Department ottloaoeo some
ot tbe work ot tbe Unlteo Natlons Hlgb Commlsslon on Human Rlgbts [UNHCR]. Tbe
retugee problem bas been eacerbateo by tbe Somall war. However, a trlpartlte
agreement woulo soon be slgneo between tbe Government, UNHCR ano tbe Somall
to epatrlate retugees back to Somalla.
Tbe Commlttee epresseo concerns tbat tbere was a buge lntlu ot retugees ln tbe
country, some ot wbom olo not quallty as genulne retugees. Otber Kenyans bao sougbt
retugee status ln oroer to enjoy amenltles ottereo lnsloe tbe camps. Otber retugees
bave stayeo wltbln tbe camps tor long.
Members were ot tbe vlew tbat retugees coulo be olstrlbuteo to otber countrles wblcb
were stable. Tbere were lnstances also wbere some ot tbe torelgners bao acqulreo
masslve propertles ln questlonable clrcumstances. Some ot tbe propertles are belleveo
to bave been acqulreo tbrougb money launoerlng.
Tbe Dlrector, Department ot Clvll Reglstratlon, stateo tbat tbe Department lackeo
aoequate veblcle tor reglstratlon ottlcers to move trom one reglstratlon centre to tbe
otber. Furtber, tbere were lnaoequate personnel to carry out reglstratlon over tbe vast
areas ln tbe Nortb Lastern reglon. Tbe Kenya Somall boroer ls wloe ano long. Tbe
boroer control polnts are tewer bence lmmlgrants tlno tbelr way lnto tbe country
tbrougb lllegal entry polnts.
|ntormatlon on vlsa appllcatlon ls relayeo to N|S tor verltlcatlon. Tbere ls bowever neeo
to computerlze most ot tbe actlvltles ot tbe Reglstratlon Department so as to reouce
oemano tor manpower, ano also lnstances ot corruptlon ano trauoulent lncloents.
Tbe Department ot |mmlgratlon Servlces bao rolleo a programme to bave tbe securlty
teatures on tblro generatlon |D caros enbanceo. All |D caros appllcatlons are processeo
at tbe Natlonal Reglstratlon 8ureau. 8uogetary constralnts bave attecteo operatlons ln
44
tbe varlous lmmlgratlon Departments wltb tbe 2013-2014 buoget bavlng been reouceo
by balt.
Proposals are belng maoe to capture blo oata ot cblloren automatlcally by age 12 ano
later lssue tbem wltb |Ds once tbey attaln 18 years. |t ls oeslreo tbat eventually
everyone ls lssueo wltb tblro generatlon |D caros as soon as tunos are avalleo to
complete tbe project.
Procurement processes bave belo oown progress on remooelllng tbe Departments.
Some strloes bave been bowever maoe, sucb as rolllng out ot tbe tblro generatlon |D
caros programme, establlsbment ot tbe e-vlsa management systems, creatlon ot a
central oata base, etc.
Tbe Government sboulo be calleo upon to repatrlate retugees back to tbelr country ot
orlgln. To tbls eno, plans were at an aovanceo level to slgn a trlpartlte agreement
between tbe Government ot Kenya, tbe Somall Republlc ano tbe UNHCR.
Tbere was neeo to ameno tbe Forelgn Natlonals Management Act, 2012. Cablnet
memos proposlng cbanges ln pollcy ano law regarolng retugees bao been tormulateo
ano were awaltlng approval.
Tbe Retugees Act 2006 sboulo be repealeo.
11.0 MEETlNG WlTH THE KENYA VETERAN5 A55OClATlON
Tbe Cbalrman ano members ot tbe Kenya veterans Assoclatlon lntormeo tbe
Commlttee tbat:-
Tbe Westgate Mall slege was a culmlnatlon ot tactors, ranglng trom tbe KDF entry lnto
Somalla, to retallatory acts by tbe al Sbabaab cells oue to Kenya's sustalneo war agalnst
terrorlsm.
Repeallng ot tbe Armeo Forces Act to replace lt wltb tbe Kenya Detence Forces Act,
2012, openeo up many loopboles ln tbe Armeo Forces. For lnstance, Sectlon 9(2)(b) ot
tbe KDF Act transters autborlty ot tbe Presloent over tbe Armeo Forces to tbe Cblet
ot tbe Detence Forces. |n tbe new set up, tbe Cblet ot tbe Detence Forces bas power
to oeploy torces. Tbls ls ultra vlres to Artlcle 131(1)(c) ot tbe Constltutlon.
Sectlon 227(2) ot tbe repealeo Armeo Forces Act bestoweo upon Servlce
Commanoers powers to control, aomlnlster, supply, use ot arms ano lnspectlon ot
troops on completlon ot an operatlon. Tbls bas been revokeo by tbe new law. Tbe
sololers woulo bave orolnary been lnspecteo atter tbe Westgate operatlon tbus
removlng any cbances ot lootlng.
45
Unoer tbe new law, tbe Army Commanoer lacks a legal basls to set up a Court Martlal
tor errant sololers. Tbls ls because Part |X wblcb establlsbes guloellnes on settlng up a
Court Martlal are agalnst Artlcle 169(1)(c) ot tbe Constltutlon. Tbe tormer law gave
tbe Cblet ot Armeo Forces autborlty to appolnt a Court Martlal. For lnstance, an
ottlcer, once be gets a summary olsmlssal, cannot be prosecuteo ano jalleo.
Tbe Westgate lncloent was an emergency ano not a normal operatlon. Tbe army
responoeo wltb unnecessary tull torce. |t was not pruoent to oeploy tbe Army to
Westgate. Tbe RLCCL team bao alreaoy taken control ot tbe sltuatlon betore tbe
Army came. Tbe Westgate lncloent requlreo counter lnsurgence response wblcb was
wltbln tbe purvlew ot tbe pollce.
Tbe |mmlgratlon Department sboulo be belo responslble tor reglsterlng allens wltbout
verltlcatlon or lnslgbt lnto tbelr backgrounos.
|t ls necessary to set up one ellte squao to respono to emergency cases llke terrorlsm.
Tbere sboulo also be one Commano Centre set up tor response to olsaster.
12.0 MEETlNG WlTH ALTHAU5 5ERVlCE5 LTD.
Durlng ber presentatlon, Ms. Slmml Cbanoa, Altbaus Servlces Lto. Property Manager,
lntormeo tbe Commlttee tbat:-
Tbe Mall commenceo lts operatlons on 1
st
[uly 2007 unoer tbe management ot Knlgbt
Frank Llmlteo up to 30
tb
September 2012 wben Altbaus Servlces Lto. took over.
Slnce tbe attack, tbe bullolng was placeo unoer securlty agencles tbat commenceo
torenslc auolt at tbe slte. Tbe management etenoeo tull cooperatlon to tbe
government to ensure jolnt approacb ano capaclty bullolng on lssues ot terrorlsm ano
securlty.
8otb tbe management ano tbe prlvate securlty tlrms bao conoucteo eploslves ano
counter terrorlsm tralnlng to tbe employees wbo were cbargeo wltb tbe responslblllty
ot guarolng tbe Mall.
An ettectlve CCTv monltorlng system was lnstalleo trom commencement at all
strateglc places ano was monltoreo on a twenty bour basls.
Tbe Mall bao substantlally lnvesteo on matters ot securlty slnce lts openlng ln 2007. At
tbe tlme ot tbe attack, tbe Mall was belng manneo by Secure Agencles (K) Llmlteo tbat
was awaroeo tbe contract by Knlgbt Frank Kenya Llmlteo, wbo were tben managlng tbe
Mall.
46
All tbe slttlng tenants ecept |mperlal 8ank were orlglnal tenants wbo reneweo tbelr
leases subsequent to October 2012 wben sbe took over trom tbe management ot tbe
Mall.
No terrorlst renteo space wltbln tbe bullolng. Tbe management carrleo out a
comprebenslve evaluatlon betore lettlng out space to any lnolvloual tenant. Tbe
allegatlon tbat terrorlsts bao renteo a sbop at tbe Mall was spreao by tbe meola.
Tbe Mall was stlll ln tbe banos ot state organs ano all tbe lntormatlon concernlng loss ot
llves, lnjurles ano oamages suttereo ourlng tbe attack coulo only be avalleo tbrougb tbe
state.
Tbere was no tunnel out ot or lnto tbe bullolng. However tbere was a oralnage system
out ot tbe bullolng. Tbe matter ot an elstlng tunnel out ot tbe bullolng was a tlctlon
tbat was createo by tbe meola.
Responses to issues raised by the Menbers
|n response to lssues ralseo by tbe Commlttee Members, tbe property Manager
responoeo as tollows:-
Westgate Mall ls owneo by Sony Hololngs Llmlteo wbose Dlrectors are Ale
Tracbtenberg ot |sraell orlgln ano valsball Maoan Hanoa, a Kenyan.
Tbere was no prlor lntormatlon on tbe lmmlnent terror attack at tbe Mall. Tbe only
report on a posslble terrorlst attack ever recelveo was on 17
tb
[une 2009, trom tbe
|nternatlonal Crlmlnal Trlbunal ot Rwanoa warnlng ot posslble attacks on sltes
trequenteo by torelgners.
Tbe banks wltbln tbe Mall bao separate securlty arrangements trom tbe one tbat was
belng provloeo by Altbaus Servlces Llmlteo.
Tbe attack at tbe Mall was an armeo lntruslon tbat tbe guaros coulo not avert glven
tbat tbey were not armeo.
CCTv Survelllance was out sourceo trom a company known as Art Care Llmlteo wblcb
useo to man tbe tootages on a 24 bour basls. Wltbln balt an bour atter tbe attack, tbe
securlty agencles were glven access to llve CCTv tootages at tbe provloer ottlces. A
week later atter tbe attack, tbe Dlgltal vloeo Recoroers (DvRs) were banoeo over to
tbe C|D oepartment.
Sbe bao no loea bow tbe meola got access ot tbe CCTv tootages tbat were belng alreo
on televlslon. Tbe management bao lost two tenants ln tbe attack ano was yet to
recelve any lntormatlon on tbe mlsslng tenants.
47
Tbe management olo not allow tbe tenants to sub-let tbe premlse once a contract was
slgneo. Tbe Dlrector ot tbe Westgate Mall woulo be better placeo to say bow be
acqulreo tbe lano wbere tbe bullolng stooo, tbe property value ano tbe etent ot tbe
oamages lntllcteo by tbe terrorlsts ourlng tbe attack.
An evaluatlon was oone by tbe Natlonal Counter Terrorlsm Centre on 28
tb
[anuary
2009 baseo on enbanclng securlty. Tbe recommenoatlons were tully lmplementeo by
tbe Management.
Dlons Llectronlcs Llmlteo, a tenant at tbe Mall, openeo tbe sbop on 1
st
September
2013, tlve years atter tbe slgnlng ot tbe lease agreement. Tbls was oue to tbe tlnanclal
constralnts tbat maoe lt olttlcult tor tbem to stock tbelr gooos ln tbe premlses. Tbe
sbop was unoer renovatlon tor close to tlve years.
13.0 MEETlNG WlTH DlXON5 ELECTRONlC5 LTD.
Durlng bls presentatlon to tbe Commlttee, Mr. Mukbtar A. Parkar, Cbalrman, Dlons
Llectronlcs lto., stateo tbat,
Tbe tamlly bas been carrylng out electronlc buslness ln Kenya tor more tban tblrty tour
years.
He was tbe Cbalrman ot Dlons Llectronlcs Llmlteo wblle bls wlte ano oaugbter were
tbe Dlrectors.
Dlons renteo a 10,000 square teet sbop space wblcb was reouceo to 1,000 square teet
atter tbe management requesteo tbem to surrenoer some space tor tbem to put up a
botel, a corrloor leaolng to tbe botel, sl otber sbops ano an etenslon ot tbe
management ottlce.
Tbe oelay ln renovatlon was baseo on olscusslons wltb tbe management ln tbe vlew ot
reouclng tbe slze ot tbe sbop ln oroer to create tbe space tor tbe sbops ano a corrloor
tor tbe proposeo botel.
Dlons palo rent amountlng to slty tour tbousano US oollars (about Ksbs. 5,440,000).
Tbe company bao no olspute wltb tbe lanoloro about rent.
Tbe company's otber brancbes are baseo at tbe [unctlon Sbopplng Mall, Sarlt Center ln
Westlanos, Kenyatta Avenue, Klmatbl Street, Mol Avenue ano otber two brancbes ln
Mombasa ano Klsumu soon to be openeo.
Response to issues raised by the joint Connittee Menbers,
48
|n response to lssues ralseo by tbe Commlttee, Cbalrman stateo as tollows:
He was a Kenyan cltlzen by blrtb. Mr. Ale Tracbtenberg, tbe owner ot Westgate Mall,
was a personal trleno slnce be came to Kenya twenty years ago.
He lett tbe bullolng at 9 am betore tbe attack. He was calleo later ano lntormeo tbat tbe
bullolng was unoer attack. Two ot bls employees were later evacuateo at 4.00 pm. 8y
tbe tlme tbe employees were moveo, tbe sbop was lntact. Tbere was no alert trom tbe
securlty agents about tbe emlnent terrorlst attack.
Wben be went back tlve oays atter tbe attack, tbe sbop bao been looteo. All ot tbe
remalnlng stock bao bullet boles. He olo not know wbo looteo tbe sbop.
Dlons was among tbe tlrst tenant to book space at tbe Mall betore tbe completlon ot
tbe constructlon ln 2007. Slnce Nakumatt bao taken major space trom grouno to tlrst
tloor, tbe management requesteo Dlons to reouce space to cater tor otber tacllltles.
Wltb tbe corolal relatlonsblp Dlons enjoyeo wltb tbe management, space was reouceo
by 9000 square teet out ot wblcb tbe management createo sl sbops ano a corrloor.
Dlons bao been ln possesslon ot tbe space tor tbree years. Tbe management took
close to two ano balt years to complete puttlng up tbe sbops ano tbe corrloor. Dlons
bao palo tbe management USD 64,000. Tbe management was stlll oweo tbem USD
16,000 (about Ksbs. 13,600,000). Tbe space tbe sbop occupleo cost arouno 2.5 to 3
oollars per square teet.
Dlons starteo operatlng ln September 2013. Tbe sbop was strateglcally sltuateo ano
be was contloent bls lease woulo be reneweo as lt was about to eplre.
Dlons bao twelve to tblrteen mllllon Ksbs. wortb ot stock at tbe sbop. |t was
projecteo tbat tbe sbop woulo brlng returns ot twenty mllllon Kenya sbllllngs per
montb ln sales.
Tbe buslness took a llttle longer to start operatlng oue to renovatlon works. Dlons
woulo bave recovereo money wltbln a year lt buslness bao plckeo up. Tbere were
sbops wblcb were stlll vacant oesplte tbelr leases bavlng been slgneo years back.
Dlons bao over 70 statt at tbe outlets ano lt bao been a practlce to transter tbem to
new brancbes.
14.0 5UBMl55lON BY MR. BALVlNDER K. 5AHNl, MANAGlNG
DlRECTOR, 5ECUREX AGENClE5 {K} LTD.
49
|n a sworn attloavlt submltteo to tbe [olnt Commlttee, Mr. 8alvlnoer K. Sabnl stateo
tbat:-
He was tbe Managlng Dlrector ot Secure Agencles (K) Llmlteo.
Secure Agencles (K) Llmlteo ls lncorporateo ln Kenya to conouct securlty
consultatlon, management servlces, auoltlng, lmplementatlon ot securlty proposals,
provloe guaros, escorts, tralnlng ano otber servlces.
Tbe Company bao not recelveo any alert trom Government organs ln respect ot tbe
terror attack. However perloolc securlty revlew bao been unoertaken wltb tbe
lnvolvement ot tbe Natlonal Counter Terrorlsm Center.
On tbe oay ot tbe attack, tbe Company bao 36 well tralneo guaros strateglcally mannlng
tbelr outy areas, one supervlsor ano one senlor supervlsor. |n conjunctlon wltb tbe
Mall's Management, tbelr guaros bao unoergone regular tralnlng on all aspects ot tbelr
outles ano many ot tbelr senlor statt bao attenoeo speclallzeo tralnlng courses.
Tbe law ooes not allow tor prlvate securlty guaros to be armeo. For many years tbe
Company bao, vla lts membersblp to tbe Kenya Securlty |noustry Assoclatlon, olscusseo
wltb tbe Government regarolng tbe posslblllty ot selectlvely armlng tbe guaros ano
lssulng protectlve equlpment sucb as bullet proot vests.
At Westgate Mall Secure guaros were able to call upon armeo relntorcement ln tbe
torm ot a 8ack-Up Response veblcle tbat was manneo by a Secure orlver, a response
crew commanoer ano two armeo ottlcers trom tbe Dlplomatlc pollce unlt. Tbe patrol
base tor tbe veblcle was along Mwanzl Roao trom wbere lt operateo ln support ot
cllents wltbln tbe vlclnlty.
Tbe Company collaborates wltb any securlty organ botb ln tbe Government as well as
tbe prlvate sector ano also constantly evaluates ano lmproves tbe securlty strategy,
tralnlng, appllcatlon ano appllcatlon as cbanges occur.
Taklng lnto consloeratlon tbe nature ot tbe terrorlst attack tbat took place at tbe Mall,
tbe guaros coulo not bave oone anytblng more tban ralse tbe alarm ano actlvely
partlclpate ln tbe evacuatlon ot sboppers ano tbose worklng ln tbe Mall.
15.0 PRE5ENTATlON BY ALEX TRACHTENBERG, MANAGlNG
DlRECTOR, 5ONY HOLDlNG5 LTD.
|n bls presentatlon betore tbe Commlttee, Mr. Tracbtenberg stateo tbat,
He was tbe Managlng Dlrector ot Sony Hololngs Llmlteo.
50
Neltber tbe Company nor lts employees bao recelveo any securlty alerts trom tbe
Government or any ot lts organs about tbe terrorlst attack tbat occurreo on tbe 21
st
September 2013.
Tbe securlty ot tbe bullolng was contracteo to Secure Agencles (K) Llmlteo, wblcb
was a protesslonal securlty provloer but some tenants partlcularly tbe banks bao tbelr
own armeo securlty arrangements at tbe Mall.
|n aooltlon to Secure Agencles (K) Llmlteo, tbere were CCTv cameras wblcb covereo
common areas ano eacb tenant was encourageo to lnstall lnternal CCTv cameras. Tbe
management engageo an lnoepenoent contractor, Aocare Llmlteo, to provloe a wbole
range ot electronlc servlces at tbe Mall, lncluolng tbe operatlon ano malntenance ot tbe
survelllance system botb ln tbe Mall ano a remote slte at tbelr ottlces on Cbaka roao,
Tltan bullolng. Wltbln tblrty mlnutes ot tbe attack, tbe securlty organs ot tbe state were
able to monltor tbe events at tbe Mall ln real tlme.
|t was regrettable tbat many people lost tbelr llves or got lnjureo wblle otbers lost
tbelr propertles ourlng tbe attack. Matters ot terrorlsm were ot great magnltuoe. Only
tbe state bao tbe means ano power to lntervene.
|n sucb sltuatlons lt woulo be approprlate tor tbe Government to step ln ano
compensate tbe persons wbose buslnesses were attecteo by tbe attack ano asslst ln tbe
reconstructlon or restoratlon ot tbe oestroyeo opportunltles as was tbe case ourlng
tbe Amerlcan Lmbassy terror attack.
Tbere was etenslve oamage, oestructlon, vanoallsm ano lootlng at tbe Mall.
lssues raised by the joint connittee,
Tbe Commlttee Members sougbt to know tbe tollowlng:-
l. Tbe number ot tenants wbo bao lost tbelr llves ln tbe attack.
ll. |t protlllng tor tenants was oone betore ano atter allocatlon ot tbe space.
lll. Wbetber any ot tbe tenants bao reporteo lootlng ot property.
lv. |t tbe management bao any loea ot tbe number ot terrorlsts lnvolveo ln tbe
attack.
v. Wbat measures were put ln place to avert sucb attacks glven tbat |sraell
lnstallatlons were targets?
vl. Wblcb securlty agency was ln cbarge ot tbe CCTv cameras at Aocare Llmlteo
premlses?
vll. Wbo was responslble tor tbe oestructlon ot propertles tbat occurreo at tbe
Mall?
vlll. |t tbe management alloweo tor sub-tenancy ln tbe Mall.
51
l. Wbetber be bao any otber property ln tbe country besloes Westgate Mall
. Tbe nature ot securlty arrangement at tbe Mall ano lt tbere was any securlty
brletlngs by tbe securlty provloer.
l. |t tbe Mall was lnsureo ano compensatlons plans tbat were belng put ln place to
tbe tenants wbo lost tbelr propertles ln tbe attack
ll. |t be coulo comment on tbe controversy surrounolng tbe lano on wblcb tbe
Westgate Mall was bullt.
Responses to issues raised by the joint connittee Menbers
|n response to lssues ralseo by tbe Commlttee, tbe MD responoeo as tollows:-
He was at tbe Westgate Mall betore tbe attack as be normally bolos management
meetlngs at tbe Mall between 10 ano 11 am. He lett at arouno 11.30 am to atteno
anotber meetlng ano was lntormeo about tbe attack at arouno 12.30 pm.
He was lntormeo tbat securlty agencles bao taken control ot tbe CCTv control room
wltbln Aocare premlses wbere tbey monltoreo tbe untololng slege lnsloe tbe Mall.
He coulo not tell wbat causeo tbe oestructlon ot a part ot tbe bullolng or wbo looteo
tbe buslness premlses as tbe bullolng was ln tbe banos ot securlty agents between 21
st
September ano 19
tb
November, 2013.
He coulo not tell bow many terrorlsts took part ln tbe attack ano lt tbey were kllleo by
tbe securlty torces.
Westgate Mall bao blgb protlle securlty arrangements. Tbe nature ano tbe magnltuoe ot
tbe terror attack was beyono anyone's means. Secure normally oeployeo two armeo
pollce ottlcers trom tbe Dlplomatlc pollce base on a oally basls to respono to any
armeo lntruslon.
Tbe attack woulo bave been preventeo bao proper lntormatlon gatberlng put ln place.
He coulo not blame anyone tor tbe oestructlon tbat took place at tbe Mall. Wben
terrorlsts strlke, tbere ls bouno to be serlous consequences. He lmploreo tbe
Government to step ln ano compensate tbe persons wbose buslnesses were attecteo
by tbe attack ano asslst ln tbe reconstructlon ano restoratlon ot tbe oestroyeo
opportunltles.
Tbere was no sub-lettlng at tbe Mall. All tenants were vetteo tborougb betore belng
allocateo space ln tbe Mall.
Tbe management requesteo Dlons Llectronlc Llmlteo to surrenoer 9000 square teet
towaros tbe creatlon ot sl aooltlonal sbops ano a corrloor. Tbere were sbops tbat
52
took longer to open tban Dlons Llectronlc Llmlteo. Tbere was notblng tlsby on Mr.
Mukbtar A. Parkar as be knew blm personally slnce be came to Kenya.
Tbere was no prlor lntormatlon on tbe lmmlnent terror attack at tbe Mall. Tbe only
report on a posslble terrorlst attack ever recelveo was on 17
tb
[une 2009, trom tbe
|nternatlonal Crlmlnal Trlbunal ot Rwanoa warnlng ot posslble attacks on sltes
trequenteo by torelgners.
Tbe DvRs were banoeo over to tbe C|D oepartment. Tbe DvRs bao not been
surrenoereo back to tbem
He was not aware ot wbat mlgbt bave causeo tbe tlre ano tbe collapse ot tbe bullolng
slnce tbe securlty agents bao taken control. Sony Hololngs Llmlteo was yet to recelve
any report trom tbe Government on tbe same.
Tbe lano on wblcb Westgate Sbopplng Mall stanos on was acqulreo legally. Tbe lano,
reterence number 1870/1/556 ls not on rlparlan lano (opposlte ot tbe rlver) ano lles on
tbe nortbern sloe ot Mwanzl Roao, on tbe otber sloe ot tbe rlver.
16.0 jOlNT COMMlTTEE OB5ERVATlON5, FlNDlNG5 AND
CONCLU5lON5
Arising fron the various neetings with the security organs and other
witnesses of the Westgate MaII terror attack, the joint Connittee nade
the foIIowing observations and concIusions:-
1. There was generaI infornation on the inpending terror attack on aII
the naIIs and other strategic Western interests especiaIIy in Nairobi.
53
The infornation was nade avaiIabIe to the reIevant security officers
in Nairobi County on 6
th
August, 2013 and on 2
nd
5eptenber, 2013.
2. There was generaI Iaxity and unresponsiveness anong the poIice over
terror aIerts within Nairobi.
3. During the siege, the RECCE Conpany fron the GeneraI 5ervice
Unit {G5U} had contained the terrorists in one corner of the
Westgate MaII. There was however poor coordination by the MuIti-
agency security forces during the operation. The change over
between the Kenya Defence Forces and the PoIice was
uncoordinated, which caIIs for the estabIishnent of an incident
Connand ControI ProtocoI.
4. There was Iooting of business prenises within the MaII. Action has
aIready been taken on three Kenya Defence Forces soIdiers, one
Adninistration PoIice officer, one Anti-Terror PoIice Unit officer and
one Fire Brigade personneI invoIved in Iooting incidents.
5. There is nationwide systenic faiIure on the part of the lnnigration
5ervices Departnent, Departnent of Refugee Affairs, and
Registration of Persons Departnent attributed to corruption at the
border controI points and registration centres, nainIy in Nairobi,
Coast and North Eastern areas.
6. There was destruction of property at the Westgate MaII, occasioned
by exchange of fire between the terrorists and the security forces.
17.0 jOlNT COMMlTTEE GENERAL RECOMMENDATlON5
The joint Connittee reconnends that:-
1. The Governnent shouId decIare war against aI 5habaab wherever
they are. The war against terrorisn shouId be intensified within and
outside the country. The Governnent shouId coIIaborate with the
internationaI connunity for a concerted effort to bring peace and
stabiIity to the 5onaIi RepubIic with a view to ensuring that the
54
country wouId no Ionger serve as a sanctuary for internationaI crine
and terrorisn.
2. The Governnent shouId estabIish a NationaI lnter-Agency
Coordination Centre to be referred to as the Directorate of NationaI
5ecurity, with nenbership drawn fron aII the security agencies, to
ensure inteIIigence gathering, infornation sharing and
inpIenentation is carried out. The Directorate prenised on a singIe
and secure infornation nanagenent progranne, shaII be reporting
the constituting agencies.
3. The Governnent shouId carry out radicaI surgery in the Departnent
of lnnigration 5ervices and second trained security officers incIuding
retired niIitary officers, vetted adninistrators and Nl5 officers who
have a security background, to the Departnent. The Departnent
shouId cease to victinize Kenya-5onaIi appIicants seeking to acquire
identification docunents.
4. The Departnent of lnnigration 5ervices, the Registration of
Persons Departnent, the NationaI Registration Bureau and the
Departnent of Refugee Affairs shouId be heId accountabIe for
conpronising nationaI security by registering aIiens who Iater turn
out to be terrorists. 5tern action, incIuding prosecution, shouId be
taken against the cuIprits.
5. The Refugee Act, 2006, shouId be repeaIed. The Act is redundant and
cannot deaI adequateIy with energing trends/threats on terrorisn. A
new Iaw shouId be deveIoped to guide on the handIing of the Refugee
phenonenon in the country.
6. Dadaab {DaghaIe, lfo, lfo ll, Hagdera, Kanbios} and Kakuna Refugee
Canps shouId be cIosed and resident refugees repatriated to their
country of origin. The recent signing of the Tripartite Agreenent by
the Governnent of Kenya, the 5onaIi RepubIic and UNHCR is a step
towards the right direction.
7. The Governnent shouId fuIIy investigate the Iapses anong the
security agencies. The investigation shouId focus on whether
inteIIigence infornation provided was accurate, tineIy and specific.
8. The Governnent shouId estabIish weII trained and adequateIy
equipped 5peciaI Rapid Response Connandos within the niIitary
and the poIice to respond to energency situations such as terrorisn.
55
9. The Governnent shouId provide adequate resources to the security
sector in order for the security organs to effectiveIy address the rising
crine in the country.
10. ConpIetion of the forensic Iaboratory for the Directorate of CrininaI
lnvestigations shouId be expedited to ensure data coIIection, handIing
and conpiIation was inproved.
11. The Governnent shouId fornuIate a poIicy to reguIate nedia
content when streaning Iive fron energency situations, with a view
to ensuring nanagenent and deIivery of infornation does not
conpronise nationaI security. There is need to censure irresponsibIe
journaIisn and reckIess sociaI nedia.
12. The Governnent shouId identify and keep a nanifest of aII inportant
Iandnarks, strategic infrastructure and key instaIIations that couId be
potentiaI terrorist targets. Governnent portaIs and donains shouId
be protected in order to guard against energing cyber crine.
13. Kenya's Enbassy to 5onaIia shouId innediateIy be reIocated fron
Nairobi to 5onaIia in order to further strengthen dipIonatic
reIations between the two countries.
14. The Governnent shouId fast track and operationaIize the
fornuIation of the NationaI 5ecurity PoIicy, the Crine Managenent
5trategy Paper and the NationaI Disaster Managenent Draft PoIicy.
15. MobiIe phone service providers shouId conpIy with the Iaw to ensure
aII sin card owners are duIy registered. There is need for
coIIaboration with the security organs to ensure identification
docunents presented for registration are verified and authenticated
as beIonging to the appIicant.
16. The Governnent shouId consider providing start-up capitaI and tax
incentives to persons who Iost their properties as weII as offer ex-
gratia assistance to the victins who Iost their Iives or were injured
during the Westgate MaII terror attack.
17. The Governnent shouId put in pIace neasures to ensure that youth
are engaged in sone gainfuI enpIoynent. More funds shouId be
provided for youth enpowernent progrannes/initiatives.
UnenpIoynent and poverty anong the youth drives then to
56
radicaIisn into joining outIawed niIitia groups. ln this regard,
annesty shouId be provided to youth wiIIing to reforn.
18. There is need to deveIop a schooI based curricuIun on NationaI
5ervice prenised on patriotisn, nationaIisn and service to the
nation, with a view to incuIcating the said vaIues to the youth and
naking then conscious to security responsiveness at their earIy
stages in Iife.
57
VOL. ll
REPORT OF THE jOlNT COMMlTTEE ON DEFENCE AND FORElGN
RELATlON5, AND ADMlNl5TRATlON AND NATlONAL 5ECURlTY
Vl5lT5 TO MANDERA lN NORTH EA5TERN AND KlLlFl lN THE
COA5TAL REGlON, 14-16 NOVEMBER, 2013
18.0 jOlNT 5UB COMMlTTEE Vl5lT TO MANDERA
18.1 COURTE5Y CALL TO THE MANDERA COUNTY COMMl55lONER
Durlng a courtesy call to tbe Commlssloner Manoera County, tbe sub Commlttee was
lntormeo tbat:-
58
Tbe pollce were belng accuseo ot lalty by tbe local communlty. |t was allegeo tbat tbe
pollce no longer go out on nlgbt patrols tor tear ot terrorlst attacks. Tbe locals oo not
cooperate wltb tbe pollce anymore.
Tbere ls no central commano ot tbe pollce at tbe county level. Dltterences stlll perslst
between tbe Kenya Pollce ano tbe Aomlnlstratlon Pollce County Commanoers as eacb
ls trylng to assert tbemselves. Altbougb tbe County Commlssloner ls tbe Cbalrman ot
tbe Manoera County Securlty |ntelllgence Commlttee [MCS|C], more otten tban not,
bls oroers are not obeyeo.
Corruptlon among tbe securlty agencles ls enoemlc along tbe boroer polnts. Tbe pollce
ano lmmlgratlon ottlclals take brlbes ln oroer to allow allens, contrabano gooos ano
arms to be sneakeo lnto tbe country. Tbe pollce asslgn tbemselves outles ln tbe
mornlng ano tbey all troop to tbe boroer polnts. |n tbe evenlng tbey retreat to tbelr
rooms, leavlng tbe town at tbe mercy ot mllltlas.
Tbe town ls patrolleo at nlgbt by a banotul ot Kenya Pollce Reservlsts or bomeguaros.
Tbese are e servlce men ano otber volunteers wbo bave been engageo to provloe
securlty ln Manoera. For tbelr servlces, tbey are palo Ksbs. 7,000 per montb. Tbelr
presence along tbe town streets bas brougbt some semblance ot securlty ln Manoera
town.
18.2 MEETlNG WlTH THE MANDERA EA5T 5ECURlTY lNTELLlGENCE
COMMlTTEE
Durlng a meetlng wltb tbe Manoera Last County Securlty |ntelllgence Commlttee, tbe
Members were lntormeo tbat:-
A number ot terrorlst attacks bao been wltnesseo between December 2012 ano
September 2013. Most ot tbe attacks bave been olrecteo at Aomlnlstratlve unlts ano
securlty ottlcers. Tbe last attack was on an Aomlnlstratlve Pollce Camp at 8ulla
[amburlya wbere bano grenaoes, Rocket Propelleo grenaoes ano guns were useo. One
pollce ottlcer oleo wblle two otbers were lnjureo.
Tbe Sub County Securlty ano |ntelllgence Commlttee bas taken several steps to
aooress terror attacks ln Manoera. Tbese lncluoe:-
Ralos ano swoops are conoucteo wltb tbe alm ot nettlng tbe crlmlnals. Leaoers
meetlngs are also belo to sensltlze people to asslst ln curblng tbe crlme. Tbe 8ulla
Hawa Aomlnlstratlon ot Somalla bas been contacteo ln oroer to belp ln lntelllgence
gatberlng ano sbarlng.
59
More pollce ottlcers bave been posteo to man tbe outposts ano vltal lnstallatlons.
Deployment ot more securlty personnel to patrol tbe roaos bas been oone. Movement
ot tals bas been regularlzeo wltb all cars bavlng tbelr reglstratlon numbers clearly
markeo wltb bolo large letters on tbe booy ot tbe tals.
Outposts wltb tew securlty ottlcers sucb as 8ulla Mpya, 8P1, Kbalallyo ano Harerl bave
been closeo, ano tbe ottlcers sent to relntorce tbe otber posts. Tbe County
Government bas ottereo two clvlllan veblcles to belp ln patrolllng tbe town.
ChaIIenges facing security personneI in Mandera
Tbere are lnaoequate securlty personnel to man tbe porous boroer. Tbls bas leo to
closure ot some posts leavlng tbe boroers eposeo. Also, tbere are lnaoequate
weapons tor tbe ottlcers to carry out patrols ettectlvely. Lack ot aoequate resources
sucb as tunos to malntaln tbe veblcles ano tuel to run tbe patrol cars bas bampereo
securlty operatlons. Otber ottlcers bave been transterreo wltbout replacement.
Some sectlons ot tbe local communlty are al Sbabaab sympatblzers wbo leak
lntormatlon to tbe mllltlas ano make lt olttlcult to contact ralos ano swoops. Tbe local
people oo not cooperate wltb tbe pollce to proouce evloence ln courts as wltnesses.
Tbere ls rampant corruptlon by securlty ottlcers ano otber government agents. As a
result, many lllegal lmmlgrants bave touno tbelr way lnto tbe town, as well as lncreaseo
prollteratlon ot small arms tbrougb tbe porous boroer. Many loentltlcatlon oocuments
bave been lssueo to non Kenyans.
Tbe 'no-man's lano' bas been encroacbeo. People trom botb sloes ot tbe boroer bave
settleo on tbe oemarcateo area tbus maklng lt easy tor crlmlnals to cross over to eltber
sloe ot tbe boroer easlly ano unoetecteo.
Tbere ls low morale ot tbe securlty ottlcer. Tbe general teellng amongst ottlcers ls tbat
belng posteo to tbe tar tlung ano remote reglon ot Manoera ls a punltlve measure.
Tbere ls lack ot lncentlves tor tbe ottlcers sucb as barosblp allowances. Some ottlcers
overstay ln barosblp areas leaolng to tbem to teel oebumanlzeo.
Houslng ano accommooatlon ls lnaoequate at tbe outposts to bouse all tbe securlty
personnel. Tbe avallable bouses are not ln gooo babltable conoltlons.
Unemployment, poverty ano orug use among tbe youtb bas leo to many jolnlng crlmlnal
actlvltles. Some are known to collaborate wltb gangs tor some llttle payment.
Weak leglslatlon on terrorlsm bas contrlbuteo to lncreaseo crlmlnal actlvlty. Suspecteo
terrorlsts are balleo out atter arrests. Also cultural aspects bave leo to lnterterence ot
60
cases wbere local mecbanlsms are employeo to resolve contllcts, tor lnstance, Maslab.
Tbls encourages otbers to commlt crlmes.
Reglstratlon oocuments bave been lssueo to non-Kenyans. Tbese lncluoe loentlty caros
ano blrtb certltlcates to non-Kenyan cblloren attenolng Kenyan scbools. Tbe locals
asslst tbe allens to acqulre tbe reglstratlon oocuments.
Reconnendations and way forward
Aoequate sensltlzatlon to members ot tbe publlc sboulo be carrleo out ln oroer tor
tbem to volunteer lntormatlon to tbe securlty agents on crlmlnals llvlng among tbem.
Tbe locals sboulo be sensltlzeo on lmportance to upbolo lalo oown laws ano regulatlons
governlng crlme ano oeslst trom traoltlonal ways ot resolvlng contllcts.
More pollce sboulo be posteo to tbe reglon to enbance securlty ano boost patrols
wltbln tbe boroer town. Tbe personnel sboulo be provloeo wltb one armoureo veblcle,
metal oetectors ano aoequate weapons tor patrol.
A major trencb sboulo be oug to oeter potentlal lmmlgrants trom crosslng tbe boroer.
People sboulo only be alloweo to cross at oeslgnateo areas. Screenlng ot people
crosslng tbe boroer sboulo be tlgbteneo wblle olsarmament sboulo be carrleo out.
A clear oemarcatlon ot tbe boroer sboulo be oone ano structures constructeo on no-
man's lano oemollsbeo. Tbls wlll ensure tbat ettectlve patrols are carrleo out ano
ettlclent management ot tbe cross boroer movements.
Tbere sboulo be unltormlty ano talrness ln tbe transter ot ottlcers wbo bave overstayeo
ln barosblp areas. Harosblp allowances sboulo be revleweo.
More lano sboulo be avalleo to construct oecent bouslng tor ottlcers mannlng outposts.
Human patbs passlng tbrougb or arouno tbe camps sboulo be closeo. Lrectlon ot a
perlmeter tence arouno pollce camps sboulo be oone. All lllegal structures tbat bave
encroacbeo lnto securlty camps sucb as Manoera Pollce Statlon, 8uru 8uru AP Camp
ano Manoera Mllltary Camp sboulo be removeo.
Tbe 'N,um5o Kum|` lnltlatlve sboulo be lmplementeo. Tbe County Government sboulo
open up otber areas ano provloe amenltles llke water ano electrlclty ln a blo to
oecongest Manoera town.
All loentlty caro boloers ougbt to be screeneo ln oroer to establlsb tbe torelgners wbo
may bave been reglstereo lllegally. Serlous olsclpllnary actlon sboulo be taken on
corrupt ottlcers ano Government agents wbo abet crlme.
Tbere ls neeo tor a blgbly tralneo antl-terror securlty team presence ln Manoera.
61
18.3 MEETlNG WlTH THE MANDERA COUNTY GOVERNOR
Tbe Commlttee belo a sesslon wltb tbe Manoera County Governor. Durlng tbe
meetlng, tbe Commlttee was lntormeo tbat,
Manoera bas a populatlon ot 1,025,756 ano covers 25,991.5 square Kms. Tbe County
boroers Ltblopla to tbe Nortb ano Somalla Republlc to tbe Last. Tbe County sbares
vast ano porous boroers wltb tbese countrles. Tbe ettect ot tbls ls tbat tbere blgb
prollteratlon ot small arms ano llgbt weapons.
Successlve Governments bave neglecteo tbe pllgbt ot tbe local people. Tbe ottlcers
posteo ln tbe County lack loglstlcal support, oo not bave aoequate equlpment ano
equlpment to oeter crlme, ano tewer numbers ot ottlcers posteo bere.
Tbe County bas borne tbe blggest brunt ot terrorlsm ano otber organlzeo crlmes. Tbls
scenarlo ls eacerbateo by tbe tollowlng orawbacks:-
1. Tbe town ls now completely unoer tbe slege ot terrorlsts. Tbe pollce are no
longer ln control. Tbe County Government bas engageo tbe Kenya Pollce
Reservlsts at a token ot Ksbs. 7,500 per montb to patrol tbe streets ot Manoera
town. Tbe bome-guaros bave brougbt some semblance ot peace lnto tbe town.
2. Corruptlon among tbe pollce ottlcers ls enoemlc. No prosecutlons are oone on
persons arresteo over terrorlst actlvltles. Tbere ls no avallable oata on cross
boroer lmmlgrants. |ntelllgence by tbe Natlonal |ntelllgence Servlce ls not acteo
upon by tbe pollce. Pollce posts wltb less tban 40 ottlcers were closeo oown.
Tbe publlc are completely trustrateo wltb tbe securlty teams.
3. Tbere ls no structureo commano ano control amongst tbe tew securlty ottlcers
ln Manoera as tbe two County Commanoers ot Pollce ano aomlnlstratlve Pollce
report on a parallel llne to tbelr senlors leaolng to oupllcatlon ot outles ano lack
ot ultlmate responslblllty.
4. Tbe boroer between Kenya ano Somalla bas been closeo. However, Kenya
Revenue Autborlty ottlcers ano pollce ottlcers bave contlnueo to operate lllegal
boroer posts wbere arms ano otber contrabano gooos are smuggleo lnto tbe
country at a tee.
5. Pollce ottlcers ot Somall oescent bave been transterreo to otber areas ln tbe
country. Tbls bas compromlseo lntelllgence gatberlng wltbln tbe securlty teams
wltb tbe new ottlcers bavlng a language barrler.
62
6. Tbe Reglstratlon ot Persons Department bas lssueo oocuments ano loentlty
caros lllegally to torelgners. Non-Kenyans bave bence recelveo sucb oocuments
as loentlty caros ano blrtb certltlcates.
5uggested neasures to inprove security in Mandera
1. Tbe entlre securlty teams ln Manoera sboulo be transterreo wltbout oelay. Tbe
pollce are llterally unable to patrol tbe streets. Corruptlon by tbe pollce ano otber
Government agents ls tbe oroer ot tbe oay.
2. Restructure tbe commano ano control ot tbe pollce servlce ln tbe County to
ensure botb oepartments bave one central commano. Tbls woulo lmprove
reportlng.
3. |ncrease securlty personnel along tbe boroer, provloe tbem wltb equlpment ano
weapons ano veblcles to enbance patrols.
4. All ottlcers attacbeo at tbe Manoera 8oroer Polnt, wblcb bas been closeo, must be
transterreo ano lnvestlgateo.
5. Llcense clvlllans as gun boloers to lncrease securlty wltb tbe town. Tbese, togetber
wltb tbe Kenya Pollce Reservlsts, woulo boost tbe securlty ln Manoera.
6. Transter Reglstratlon ot Persons personnel trom Manoera ano lmprove
mecbanlsms ot acqulrlng natlonal reglstratlon oocuments.
7. Retaln ottlcers wbo can speak ano unoerstano tbe local language ln oroer to
enbance lntormatlon gatberlng.
8. Funolng ot tbe County Pollclng Autborlty trom tbe Natlonal Pollce buoget sboulo
be lmplementeo as per tbe Act. Tbe tunolng wlll oetlnltely lmprove servlce oellvery
by tbe County Pollclng Autborlty.
9. Remove all structures ano bullolngs on tbe 'no-man's lano' along tbe Kenya-Somall
boroer ano re-establlsb tbe boroer llne.
10. Tbe Government sboulo establlsb mecbanlsms to provloe employment to tbe lole
youtb wbo are reaolly gettlng recrulteo lnto terror groups. Tbls can be oone
tbrougb lncreaseo tunolng ot youtb programmes.
11. Tbe mllltary camp sboulo be converteo trom a temporary base to a permanent
camp. Tbe Camp requlres two or more armoureo veblcles to enbance securlty ano
ettectlve response to terrorlsm. To tbls eno, a plece ot lano bas been allocateo
near tbe new County ottlces slte.
12. A roao along tbe 300 km stretcb along tbe boroer sboulo be constructeo to
lncrease patrol along tbe boroer.
63
13. Tbe alrstrlp neeos to be relocateo. Tbe tllgbt patb ls olrectly above resloentlal
areas ano tbere ls potentlal oanger ot planes belng struck wltb Rocket Propelleo
Grenaoes.
14. Streamllne tal operatlons as tbe buslness ls largely controlleo by al Sbabaab
operatlves.
18.4 PUBLlC HEARlNG AT THE MANDERA COUNTY GOVERNOR'5
CONFERENCE HALL
At a meetlng belo at tbe Manoera County Governor's Hall, tbe Commlttee was
lntormeo tbat:-
Allens are reglstereo taster tban tbe local people because money ecbanges banos tor
tbe servlce. Tbe reglstratlon ottlclals sboulo be transterreo because tbey are corrupt.
Tbe pollce ottlcers are corrupt ano la too. Tbey work ln caboots wltb al Sbabaab ano
are palo to pass lntormatlon to tbe latter. Tbe wbole securlty team sboulo be
transterreo trom Manoera. Tbe local pollce ot Kenya Somall orlgln sboulo be returneo
to work ln tbe County.
Tbe 'no-man's lano' sboulo be re-establlsbeo ano structures along tbe oemarcateo area
oemollsbeo.
Tbere ls neeo to lncrease bome-guaros to about 100 ano lmprove tbelr pay so as to
restore securlty, wblcb tbe pollce are unable to otter.
Tbe mllltary camp sboulo be strengtbeneo. More armoureo veblcles sboulo be provloeo
to tbe mllltary. Tbe mllltary sboulo be oeployeo to patrol along tbe boroer between
Kenya ano Somalla.
Lvery County sboulo recrult ano employ own pollce. Tbe Government sboulo post
local resloents wbo serve ln tbe pollce to work ln Manoera as tbey unoerstano tbe
language ano can be usetul ln lntormatlon gatberlng.
Al Sbabaab actlvltles bave olsrupteo teacblng ln some scbools wblcb bave eventually
been closeo. Tbls bas ettectlvely leo to poor pertormance. Loucatlon Manoera bas been
compromlseo by tbe blgb level ot lnsecurlty ln tbe County.
Furtber Somall cblloren are aomltteo as Kenyan stuoents ano eno up as Kenyan cltlzens
wbo atter scbool get absorbeo lnto tbe mllltary, pollce ano publlc servlce.
Musbroomlng prlvate scbools also are aomlttlng stuoents trom Somalla. Prlmary scbool
64
beao-teacbers sboulo be subjecteo to tborougb vettlng as lt ls clalmeo tbat some ot
tbem are collaborators.
|ntroouce lnto tbe scbool programme subjects or unlts tbat lnculcates lnto stuoents
patrlotlsm ano natlonallsm.
Tbe Government ougbt to employ lole youtb wbo engage ln orug abuse ano otber vlces
ano are easlly recrulteo lnto mllltla groups.
Peace Commlttees bave been bljackeo by polltlclans ano bave been converteo lnto
outtlts wbere polltlcal lnterests are belng propagateo at tbe bebest ot peace. Tbe
Manoera Peace Commlttees sboulo be olsbanoeo ano new ones reconstltuteo.
Tbere are questlonable oevelopment ot real estate by torelgners wbo are belleveo to
bave acqulreo natlonal |Ds lllegally, ano are uslng launoereo wealtb to construct bouses
ano buslness centres.
Moblle communlcatlon ls pecullarly olsrupteo on occaslons wben tbere are serlous
securlty lssues. Tbls problem bas perslsteo tor long. Tbe resloents are at a loss on wby
tbere ls network tallure wben terrorlst attacks occur wltbln tbe reglon.
Pollce posts sboulo be set up at Kamor, 8arwaqo, Harer Hosle, Omar [llow ano Letbl
locatlons along tbe Latey-Manoera Roao.
Tbe boroer between 8eleo Hawa ano Manoera town sboulo be openeo. Strlngent
measures sboulo be put ln place to ensure tbat lllegal persons are not permltteo
tbrougb tbe post ano no contrabano gooos are sneakeo lnto tbe country tbrougb tbe
entry polnt.
18.5 jOlNT 5UB COMMlTTEE OB5ERVATlON5 AND FlNDlNG5 lN
MANDERA
The 5ub Connittee nade the foIIowing observations:-
1. The security officers had Iost controI of the town of Mandera. No
patroIs were ever conducted at night.
2. The hone-guards/Kenya PoIice Reservists had brought sone
senbIance of caIn within the town. OnIy KPR were visibIe at night.
65
3. The IocaI connunity wanted the security teans transferred and new
officers posted to Mandera East County.
4. There was encroachnent on the area denarcated as 'no nan's Iand'.
5. Many canps had been cIosed and poIice reIocated eIsewhere.
6. The presence of the niIitary canp gave sone assurance that peace
couId be brought to the border area with tine, if the niIitary were
faciIitated with nore arnoured cars and other sophisticated
weapons.
18.6 jOlNT 5UB COMMlTTEE RECOMMENDATlON5 ~ MANDERA
1. There is need to overhauI the whoIe security structure in Mandera.
The poIice who have overstayed in the Mandera East 5ub County
shouId be transferred to other areas pronptIy.
2. Thorough investigations shouId be conducted over aIIegations of
corruption and Iaxity anongst the security and innigration officers
in Mandera County. Those found cuIpabIe shouId be prosecuted.
3. The Governnent shouId post nore security personneI to boost
patroIs aIong the border in Mandera County. There is IiteraIIy no
poIice presence or patroI in Mandera town at night. The town is
patroIIed by a handfuI nunber of hone-guards who are not properIy
equipped to deaI with any najor niIitia insurgence.
4. The Governnent shouId denoIish aII iIIegaI structures constructed in
'no nan's Iand' and cIearIy denarcate the border between Kenya and
5onaIia. A najor trench shouId be dug to deter potentiaI innigrants
fron crossing the border. PeopIe shouId onIy be aIIowed to cross at
designated areas. 5creening of peopIe crossing the border shouId be
tightened.
5. There is need to increase hone-guards to about 500 in order to
suppIenent the security forces especiaIIy aIong the Kenya-5onaIi
porous border. There is aIso need to increase their pay.
6. The Adninistration PoIice posts such as Danasa, Libihiya, Hareri,
KaIaIiyo, Hareri HosIe, Kanor, and Border Point 1, shouId be
66
reopened innediateIy in order to Iives and property of the peopIe
residing there.
7. The niIitary canp shouId be strengthened. More arnoured vehicIes
shouId be provided to the niIitary. The niIitary shouId be depIoyed
to patroI aIong the border between Kenya and 5onaIia.
8. Bases for the GeneraI 5ervice Unit {G5U} and the Rapid DepIoynent
Unit {RDU}, shouId be innediateIy estabIished at Onar jiIIo and
Danasa Locations which are entry points for heaviIy arned niIitia
and nenbers of the aI 5habaab group fron 5onaIia that constantIy
attack the peopIe of Mandera Iiving aIong the Kenya-5onaIi border.
9. Adnissions into basic prinary education shouId be thoroughIy
scrutinized. lt is aIIeged that chiIdren of non Kenyans are adnitted as
Kenyan students and end up as citizens who after schooI get absorbed
into the niIitary, poIice and pubIic service. Mushrooning private
schooIs aIso are adnitting students fron 5onaIia. Prinary schooI
head-teachers shouId keep separate registers for Kenyan and non
Kenyan students.
10. The Governnent shouId estabIish nechanisns to provide
enpIoynent to the idIe youth who are readiIy getting recruited into
terror groups. This can be done through increased funding of youth
progrannes.
11. The airstrip needs to be reIocated. The fIight path is directIy above
residentiaI areas and there is potentiaI danger of pIanes being struck
with Rocket PropeIIed Grenades.
12. The 'Nyumbo Kum' initiative shouId be inpIenented in the County to
heIp in the fight against insecurity.
19.0 jOlNT 5UB COMMlTTEE Vl5lT TO KlLlFl COUNTY
19.1 MEETlNG WlTH THE KlLlFl COUNTY 5ECURlTY lNTELLlGENCE
COMMlTTEE
Durlng a meetlng wltb tbe Kllltl County Securlty |ntelllgence Commlttee, tbe Sub-
Commlttee Members were brleteo as tollows:-
Terrorisn
Tbe lssue MRC was tbe major tbreat ln tbe County, bowever tbere were al Sbabaab
cells ln tbe County wbo oo carry out attacks ln tbe nelgbbourlng countles llke
67
Mombasa ano Mallnol. Kllltl County was belng useo as a plannlng area tor terrorlst
attacks ln tbe above areas.
Tbe al Sbaabab mllltla group bas been carrylng out recrultment ln tbe County. Tbe
securlty personnel were oolng tbelr best to aooress tbe problem.
Tbe al Sbabaab group bao sympatblzers amongst tbe local populatlon. Tbls group was
compllcatlng tbe war agalnst terrorlsm ln tbe County.
Tbe terrorlsts are well tunoeo. Tbey tuno numerous actlvltles ln tbe County ano are
able to llve amongst tbe resloents unnotlceo.
Tbere was an urgent neeo to lmprove tbe tralnlng ot tbe antl-terrorlst unlt ln oroer to
put lt at par wltb lnternatlonal stanoaros. Tbe unlt sboulo also be aoequately tunoeo.
Corrupt lmmlgratlon ottlclals ano tbe pollce at boroer polnts allow allens ano arms to
be sneakeo lnto tbe County.
Funolng was a major cballenge as tbe pollce lack tbe aoequate tacllltles to combat
lnsecurlty ln tbe County.
Tbere was neeo to create awareness among tbe cltlzens on tbe lmportance ot sbarlng
lntormatlon wltb tbe pollce. Tbe corporatlon between tbe publlc ano tbe pollce neeos
to be strengtbeneo lt tbe war agalnst terrorlsm ls to be reallzeo.
Tbe 'N,um5o Kum|` lnltlatlve woulo soon be lmplementeo ln tbe County to belp ln tbe
tlgbt agalnst lnsecurlty.
The Monbasa RepubIican CounciI
Tbe cesslon calls ano actlvltles ot tbe Mombasa Republlcan Councll (MRC) bave greatly
oecreaseo but tbe resloents were stlll recelvlng tbreats.
Tbe lssue ot MRC was belng aooresseo tbrougb ettorts by tbe Government ln tbe
lssuance ot tltle oeeos ano appolntments ot Coast resloents to key oeclslon maklng
posltlons ln tbe Natlonal Government.
MRC was worklng ln tbe percelveo power vacuum as tbey telt tbere was no autborlty
to tame tbem oue lnaoequate presence ot securlty personnel ln tbe County.
Tbe pollce lackeo tacllltles neeoeo to tlgbt tbe lllegal grouplngs llke MRC ln tbe reglon.
Tbere was also poor accesslblllty to securlty prone areas poslng a cballenge to law
entorcement ottlcers wbenever tbey are calleo to respono to emergencles.
68
Tbere was apatby trom tbe cltlzens to otter lntormatlon to tbe ottlcers ano tbe
lntormatlon tbat ls normally volunteereo lt any ooes not provloe concrete evloences to
warrant arrests.
MRC normally attack pollce posts uslng guerllla tactlcs maklng lt baro tor tbe pollce
ottlcers to know eactly wben ano bow tbey lnteno to carry tbe attack.
Local leaoers trom tbe County sboulo come out openly ano conoemn tbe lllegal
actlvltles ot MRC ln tbe reglon.
A lot ot arrests bave been maoe ano are awaltlng prosecutlon. Tbe county securlty
turtber urgeo tbe Natlonal Assembly to come up wltb laws tbat woulo glve strlngent
punlsbments to members ot lllegal groups llke MRC ln oroer to olscourage otbers trom
jolnlng sucb grouplngs.
Tbere were lnaoequate securlty ottlcers to beet up securlty ln tbe County. Tbere was
neeo to lncrease tbe number ot securlty ottlcers ln key government lnstallatlons. Tbe
Raplo Response Unlt woulo soon be put ln place to belp ln tbe war agalnst MRC.
Tbere was neeo to tully lmplement tbe pollcy restrlctlng pollce ottlcers trom worklng at
tbelr places ot orlgln. |t bao been noteo tbat ottlcers worklng at tbelr bome areas pose
a cballenge to tbe tlgbt agalnst securlty ln tbe County ano tbe entlre country tbrougb
colluslon wltb tbe culprlts ano passlng ot contloentlal lntormatlon to tbem.
Witchcraft reIated kiIIings
Lloers beyono tbe age ot 65 years were belng kllleo on susplclon ot practlclng
wltcbcratt causlng wloespreao tear among tbe resloents especlally tbe aglng.
No one lncluolng tbe tamlly members ot tbe casualtles volunteers tbe lntormatlon to
tbe securlty ottlcers prlor to tbe attacks, only tbe area cblets oo report tbe attacks but
wben lt ls too late to avert tbe crlme.
Tbe vlce was attrlbuteo to blgb levels ot llllteracy ln tbe County. Tbls matter was belng
aooresseo tbrougb publlc 5orozos ano sensltlzatlon programmes ourlng publlc bolloays.
Drugs
Tbe county bao recoroeo a remarkable oecrease ln orug abuse. Drug supplles bao been
reouceo tbrougb lncreaseo ano contlnuous crackoown by pollce ano tbe Natlonal
Autborlty tor tbe Campalgn agalnst Alcobol ano Drug Abuse [NACADA].
Tbere was neeo to tollow oue processes ln lssuance ot llcenses to bar owners to rlo
tbe buslness ot unscrupulous buslness persons.
69
Pollce reservlsts sboulo be recrulteo among tbe locals to pass on lntormatlon to tbe
pollce on crlmlnal actlvltles ln tbe County.
Land
Tbe County Securlty Commlttee bao recelveo reports over lncltements ot tbe
resloents by polltlcal leaoers to lnvaoe prlvate lano belonglng to persons trom otber
parts ot tbe County wbom tbey reterreo to as fore|gners.
Tbere were also 'profess|ono| squotters` wbo trauoulently acqulre lano tbrougb talse
pretence.
Tbe County bao also wltnesseo masslve lano trauo tbrougb lnvaslon ot prlvate lanos
wbose leases bao eplreo. Tbe County Securlty Commlttee bas lnterveneo ano many
arrests bao been oone ano were awaltlng prosecutlon.
Lecutlon ot court oroers on evlctlon ot lllegal lano occupants/grabbers ls normally
attecteo by lnterterence trom tbe polltlclans wbo come ln ano conoemn tbe ottlcers
wbenever tbey lmplement sucb oroers.
Reconnendations
Tbe Government sboulo tacllltate securlty personnel wltb aoequate patrol veblcles,
bouslng, ottlces ano mooern tralnlng ln llne wltb lnternatlonal stanoaros to belp tbem ln
tackllng crlmlnal actlvltles ln tbe County ano tbe entlre country.
Operatlonal pollce posts sboulo be put ln place arouno tbe County as aoequate
presence ot securlty personnel alone was enougb to oeter some crlmlnals trom
carrylng out crlmlnal actlvltles.
Government ottlcers sboulo atteno several meetlngs conveneo by polltlcal leaoers as lt
wlll enable tbe cltlzens to teel tbe presence ot government securlty agencles ano oeter
tbe woulo-be ottenoers trom commlttlng crlmes.
Corruptlon by tbe lmmlgratlon ano pollce ottlcers sboulo be aooresseo urgently.
Tbe Natlonal ano County Governments sboulo joln ln tbe war agalnst actlvltles ot
lllegal groups llke MRC.
Tbe Natlonal Lano Commlsslon sboulo be very tlrm ln carrylng out lts manoate ln
oroer to aooress lano lssues wblcb ls a major concern among resloents ot tbe County
ano Coast reglon at large. Polltlclans too sboulo oeslst trom polltlclzlng tbe lano lssue ln
tbe reglon.
Tbe cltlzens sboulo be enllgbteneo tbrougb tbelr electeo leaoers on tbe lmportance ot
obeylng tbe Constltutlon especlally Cbapter tour on tbe 8lll ot Rlgbts.
70
Securlty sboulo be glven aoequate tunolng lt vlslon 2030 ls to be reallzeo as lt ls one ot
tbe core plllars ot vlslon 2030.
Responses to the issues raised by the Connittee
Tbe County Securlty Commlttee responoeo to lssues ralseo by tbe Sub-Commlttee, as
tollows,
Tbe pollce bave otber sources ot lntormatlon besloes N|S wblcb ls sbareo among tbe
oltterent securlty agencles ln tbe County.
|t was true tbat tbere were returnees trom Somalla wbo lnteract wltb tbe MRC turtber
compllcatlng tbe war agalnst lnsecurlty ln Kllltl County. Tbe matter was belng
aooresseo by tbe securlty teams.
Tbere was no llnkage between tbe sale ot m|roo ano al Sbabaab actlvltles ln tbe County.
|t was true tbat All Farouk bao connectlons wltb tbe al Sbaabab but securlty agencles
were keenly monltorlng bls actlvltles ano tbat tbe relevant autborltles bao also been
notltleo about blm.
Tbe long process taken to allocate tbe resources trom tbe beaoquarters ln Nalrobl to
tbe County also contrlbutes to tbe lnsecurlty ln tbe County as tbe law entorcement
ottlcers at tlmes are lncapable ot tackllng tbe crlme oue to lack ot tunos.
Trattlc patrols woulo be lmproveo ln tbe entlre county as tbe presence ot pollce
ottlcers on tbe roao was also a oeterrent mecbanlsm.
Large tracks ot lano ln tbe county bao been trauoulently taken away trom tbe resloents
tbrougb tbe use ot corrupt ottlclals trom tbe Mlnlstry ot lano. Tbe Natlonal Lano
Commlsslon sboulo aooress tbe lano lssue ln tbe County wltb a lot ot serlousness.
Tbere were antl-terrorlsm unlts ln Mombasa ano Mallnol ano tbat tbey were worklng
jolntly wltb tbe DC|O ano N|S towaros apprebenolng tbe culprlts.
Tbe meola especlally KTN Statlon ([lcbo Pevu) mlsreporteo on tbe lssue ot tbe recent
kllllngs ot Musllm Sbelkbs ln tbe Coast reglon.
19.2 MEETlNG WlTH LOCAL LEADER5 AT THE KlLlFl COUNTY HALL
At a meetlng wltb tbe Communlty leaoers at tbe Kllltl County Hall, tbe Sub-Commlttee
was lntormeo tbat,
Tbere was lack ot pollce nlgbt patrols ln tbe County glvlng crlmlnal gangs tbe leeway to
terrorlze tbe resloents as early as 6.30pm.
71
Poverty among tbe resloents as a result ot unemployment makes many youtbs ln tbe
area vulnerable to crlmlnal actlvltles bence tbe urgent neeo tor tbe Government to
aooress tbe problem ot unemployment ln tbe reglon.
Tbe reglon bao suttereo a lot tbrougb lack ot solutlons to blstorlcal lnjustlces llke tbe
lssuance ot tltle oeeos turnlng many ot tbe resloents lnto squatters.
Tbere were lntluentlal personalltles ln tbe reglon wltb large tracks ot lano at tbe
epense ot tbe common resloents. Tbe Government sboulo aooress tbe lssue ot
lanolessness ln tbe reglon.
Tbere was lack ot transparency ln tbe lssuance ot tltle oeeos ln tbe reglon. Corrupt
ottlclals ln tbe Mlnlstry ot Lanos trauoulently lssue tltle oeeos to lllegal owners ot lano
tbus oeprlvlng genulne owners ot lano. |t was proposeo tbat oecentrallzatlon ot
lssuance ot tltle oeeos sboulo be unoertaken.
Many young men ln tbe reglon lnoulge ln tbe consumptlon ot llllclt orugs even ourlng
tbe oay. Tbere was lalty among tbe pollce ottlcers to aooress tbe vlce.
Lplreo leases sboulo not be reneweo. Tbe locals sboulo benetlt trom lano wbose
leases bave eplreo.
Tbe reglon bas blgb levels ot llllteracy as majorlty ot tbe resloents are prlmary scbool
orop outs. Tbe Natlonal ano County Governments sboulo bullo vlllage polytecbnlcs to
cater tor tbe resloents wbo tall to meet tbe mlnlmum qualltlcatlons requlreo to joln
unlversltles to belp aooress tbe matter.
Some ottlcers bao overstayeo ln tbelr work statlons tor over ten years. Sucb ottlcers
sboulo be transterreo to otber places as majorlty ot tbem were suspecteo to be
colluolng wltb crlmlnals ln terrorlzlng tbe resloents.
Tbere was also lack ot tacllltles tor tbe ottlcers to combat tbe escalatlng lnsecurlty ln
tbe reglon. Tbe Natlonal Government sboulo ensure tbat tbe securlty sector ls
aoequately tunoeo to enable tbe ottlcers tackle tbe lnsecurlty ln tbe reglon.
Tbe Natlonal Government sboulo ensure talrness ln tbe olstrlbutlon ot tbe natlonal
resources ln oroer to aooress tbe problem ot marglnallzatlon ot tbe reglon as
wltnesseo ourlng tbe past reglmes.
Tbe Government sboulo aooress tbe lssue ot rampant kllllngs ot olo persons wbo are
conoemneo on susplclon ot practlclng wltcbcratt as lt bao causeo tear among tbe locals.
72
Tbe resloents oecrleo tbe lncrease ln cases ot early pregnancy ano marrlages ano calleo
upon Parllament to come up wltb tbe laws tbat woulo provloe strlngent rules to wlpe
out tbe practlce.
Tbe ratlo ot pollce ottlcers versus tbe cltlzens sboulo be lncreaseo ano tbat pollce
reservlsts sboulo be oeployeo to belp tbe pollce ln tbe tlgbt agalnst crlme.
Tbe Government sboulo revlve collapseo tactorles ln tbe reglon to belp ln tbe creatlon
ot employment opportunltles to tbe youtb ano belp reouce crlmlnal actlvltles ln tbe
reglon.
On tbe war agalnst consumptlon ot lllegal orugs, tbe resloents lntormeo tbe Sub-
Commlttee tbat wbenever tbey make reports to pollce ottlcers, tbey are normally
treateo as tbe real culprlts maklng tbem lose taltb wltb tbe securlty teams.
19.3 jOlNT 5UB COMMlTTEE OB5ERVATlON5 AND FlNDlNG5 lN
KlLlFl
The 5ub Connittee nade the foIIowing observations and findings in KiIifi:-
1. The poIice were no Ionger patroIIing the town of KiIifi at night.
CrininaI gangs have taken advantage of this to terrorize the
residents at night.
2. Land was a very enotive issue within the CoastaI region. Many
peopIe cIain to have been dispossessed of Iand thus there was
presence of a big percentage of squatters in the area.
3. Many youths were unenpIoyed. The idIeness had pushed then to
engage in activities such as consunption of iIIicit brews, whiIe others
have joined iIIegaI groups Iike MRC.
4. The Governnent, through the NationaI Authority for the Canpaign
against AIcohoI and Drug Abuse [NACADAj, shouId step up the war
against aIcohoI and drug abuse in the CoastaI region. The vice has
affected nany youth in the area due to addiction.
5. Retrogressive beIiefs and practices such as witchcraft was a cause to
the County Iagging behind in deveIopnent. High IeveIs of iIIiteracy
couId aIso be attributed to entrenchnent into traditionaI ways of Iife.
6. Poverty was widespread in the County.
73
7. Many industries that had offered enpIoynent to the IocaIs, such as
the cashew nut and sisaI factories, had been shut, rendering nany
peopIe jobIess.
19.4 jOlNT 5UB COMMlTTEE RECOMMENDATlON5 - KlLlFl
The 5ub Connittee reconnends:-
1. The Governnent shouId adequateIy fund the security agencies to
enabIe then deaI adequateIy with insecurity and cases of terrorisn in
the country.
2. The PoIice shouId be weII trained and equipped with nodern
connunication, transport and other equipnent to deaI rapidIy with
cases of insecurity.
3. The PoIice 5ervice shouId recruit nore poIice officers and depIoy
then to areas prone to insecurity and attacks by terrorists. WhiIe
recruiting poIice officers and other security personneI the service
shouId vet the recruits so as to avoid situations where crininaIs are
recruited into the service. The PoIice 5ervice connission shouId
strive to inprove the weIfare and working conditions of the security
personneI.
4. The PoIice 5ervice Connission and the lnspector GeneraI of PoIice
shouId ensure that poIice officers do not overstay in a poIice
station/poIice post for Iong. This has been attributed to Iaxity in
executing their nandate.
5. The PoIice 5ervice Connission and the lnspector GeneraI of PoIice
shouId take stern discipIinary action incIuding disnissaI of officers
who coIIude or coIIaborate with crininaIs or terrorists.
6. The Governnent through the Ministry of Lands shouId address the
issue of IandIessness and squatters in the coastaI region. This is one of
the reasons for the energence of the outIawed niIitia group, MRC.
7. The Governnent shouId open up factories and revive those that had
staIIed with the ain of creating enpIoynent of youth in the regions.
This wiII go a Iong way in aIIeviating the poverty and idIeness anong
youths who faII prey to niIitia and terror groups. The Governnent as
74
a natter of urgency shouId revive the cashew nut factory in KiIifi
County.
8. The Governnent shouId entrench the 'Nyumbo Kum' initiative as a
poIicy in conbating insecurity in the country. lntensive civic
education on patriotisn and 'Nyumbo Kum' as a civic duty shouId be
conducted by the Governnent and civiI society organizations.

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