September 2013

Factsheet 4
Creating a Bibliography and Citing References
(Teesside University Harvard style)

This factsheet is available in alternative formats. For more information please
ask staff in the Library iZone, telephone 01642 342100 or email
libraryhelp@tees.ac.uk

How do I cite references?
When making references to other peoples work in your writing, there are many different styles available.
The Harvard system is one of the most frequently used in UK Higher Education. Teesside has a
standardised version of the Harvard style in operation, which is based on advice from the following book:

Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 9
th

edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.


Copies are available at 808.02/PEA on the second floor of the Library.

Access this book online via the Library catalogue: http://capitadiscovery.co.uk/teesside-ac/items/595657

For further advice on referencing check the Learning Hub pages:
http://dissc.tees.ac.uk/references/Content.htm

In your Text

Incorporate brief details of the work into your text as below:


Williams and Carroll (2009, p. 52) maintain that plagiarism is part of the bigger picture of
academic integrity.
OR
Plagiarism can be considered as part of the wider issue of academic integrity (Williams and
Carroll, 2009).



If you have: In-text citation format
One author or editor Smith (2010) maintained that.
It was maintained by Smith (2013) that .
It was maintained that .. (Smith, 2010).
Two authors or editors (Smith and Jones, 2013).

Three authors or editors (Brown, Smith and Jones, 2012).

Four or more authors or editors
Cite 1
st
name followed by et al.
(et al. means and others)
Johnson et al. (2011, p. 9) found that ..
It was found that (Johnson et al., 2011, p. 9).
Corporate author / Organisation
Cite the name (or initials if well known)
Teesside University (2013).
(BBC, 2013).
No author or editor
Use the title (in italics)
(Health of the nation, 2011).
Multiple sources
List different works in chronological order and
separate using ;
(Smith, 2010; Brown and Johnson, 2012)
Works published by the same author in the same year
Use lower case letters
Smith (2012a) found that .. and further work
confirmed this (Smith, 2012b)
If there is no date
Use no date
This was shown to be effective (Brown and Jones, no
date).
Web-page
Use preceding guidelines. If there are no
discernible authors, dates or title use the URL
The latest findings (http://www.XXXX.org) reveal that

For further information on using quotations and paraphrasing see Pears and Shield (2013, p. 8)

In your list of references or bibliography

It is important that your references are consistent (in method and style), correct and complete.

Your list of references or bibliography at the end of your piece of work should be presented in one list in
alphabetical author order. If there is no author, the item should come under the title (in italics).

A bibliography (as opposed to a reference list) will demonstrate the full range of your reading for a particular
piece of work and will include books etc. that you may not have cited in your work.
Check on your subject LibGuide for examples, or in Pears and Shield (2013) which includes examples of
many different types of sources.

What you generally need to include:
Authors/ editors
- List in order they appear
- Include all authors
- Surname (family name) first followed by initials (for UK
names)
- If the book has an editor or editors use ed. or eds
- If there are no authors use the title in italics

Smith, J., Brown, R., Johnson, W. and Jones,
M.


Johnson, N. (ed.)

Year / date of publication
- Place in brackets
- If no date can be found use (no date)

(2012)
(no date)
Title
- Use title as it appears with any subtitle
- Place in italics
- For the title of a journal captalise the first letter of each word,
except for connecting words such as the, and, of.
- The title of articles / chapters are not italicised use single
quotation marks for these

Studying and working in Spain: a student guide
British Journal of Criminology

Edition
- Only include if it is not the first edition
- Abbreviate edition to edn

3
rd
edn.

Place of publication
- Separate the place of publication and publishers with a colon
- If there is more than one publisher list the most prominent
- Places in the US, add the abbreviated US state name
(unless obvious otherwise)
- Unpublished material, which is generally not in the public
domain see section E5 in Cite them Right

London: SAGE


Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University

Issue information for journals and newspapers
- Include volume number, issue (or part number) and date or
season as appropriate and available.
- Do not include the word volume or vol.
- Issue number should appear in brackets

30(3)
29 July
Winter
Page numbers
- Only required for chapters in books and journal/newspaper
articles
- Abbreviation p. used for a single page
- pp. used for page range

p. 89
pp. 70-75.
URLs
- include Available at:
- include (Accessed: date)

Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk (Accessed:
8 August 2013)
DOIs
- These are digital object identifiers and are a unique number
for a piece of work such as an article from a journal.
- It can be used instead of the url in a reference
- It is designed as a stable permanent link so no date is
needed.

doi: 10.1080/01463373.2012.688723



E-versions of sources If the online source includes all the elements
seen in print versions such as publication
details and page numbers reference in the
same way as print. The key thing is that you
provide enough information to be able to locate
the book/ article.


Examples:

Books

Cottrell, S. (2013) Study skills handbook. 4
th
edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.










A chapter in a book









Reed, M. and Walker, R. (2011) Parental partnerships, in Canning, N. (ed.) Play and practice
in the Early Years Foundation Stage. London: SAGE, pp. 63-74.







1. Author,
Surname
first, then
initials.
2. Year of
publication
(in brackets)
3. Title of
work
(in italics)
5. Place of
publication
6.Publisher

1. Author(s) of
the chapter
(surname
followed by
initials.
2. Year of
publication (in
brackets)
3. Title of chapter (in
single quotation
marks)
4. in plus author/editor of
the book
5. Title of book (in italics)
6. Place of publication: Publisher 7. Page reference
4. Edition (only
include if it is
not the first
edition).
Journal Articles







Schmierbach, M. and Oeldorf-Hirsch, A. (2012) A little bird told me so, so I didnt believe it:
Twitter, credibility, and issue perceptions, Communication Quarterly, 60(3), pp. 317-337.





Internet sources






Victoria and Albert Museum (2013) David Bowie is: About the exhibition. Available at:
http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/exhibitions/david-bowie-is/about-the-exhibition/ (Accessed: 8
August 2013).



What if I want to reference something, which someone else has cited?

This involves using the work of another person which has been mentioned by another author i.e. you havent
actually read the original work but have read someone elses interpretation of that work. This is known as
secondary referencing.

To show this you need to use the phrase cited in or quoted in and by giving the page number on which
your source cited the information.


Jones, 2001, cited in Smith, 2008, p. 49


You can only provide full details of the work you have actually read (e.g. Smith, 2008) in your reference list
or bibliography. You shouldnt include details of the other reference unless you have actually read their
work and corroborated the facts.

In an ideal situation you should try and read both pieces of work, so you could cite and reference them both
fully.






1. Author(s)
(surname followed
by initials)
2. Date of
publication
(in brackets)
3. Title of article (in single
quotation marks)
4. Title of journal (in italics)
5. Volume
and issue
number
6. Page
numbers
1. Author (If no
author use the title
of the site)
2. Year that the site
was published /
updated (in brackets)
3. Title of the
site (in italics)
4. Available at:
URL
5. (Accessed: Date)
Tips for Good Practice

Do ask for help if you are not sure of anything!

Do it now! Whenever you consult a source, make a note of the details immediately you wont
remember later. Include page numbers and the date that you accessed web sites.

Make sure your references include the minimum details needed to identify and locate the source and are
complete and correct.

Use the same method of referencing to ensure consistency.

Check the details of any source carefully for accuracy. The title page of a book should be used as your
authority.

Come along to a Harvard referencing Suceed@Tees workshop.

Consider using RefWorks see http://tees.libguides.com/refworks