PURLINS

1. Constructive Scheme

Student Number: 1
D=

24

t=

H=

10

d=

2.4

p=
=

0.1
5.71
2. Calculus Scheme

3. Loads, Load Factors, Load Combinations

Loads
Permanent
Loads (P)

Roof weigth
Purlin weigth
Technological load

Variable

Snow load

Nominal Load
2
(KN/m )
0.2
0.15
0.1
1.14

Loads (V)
s0,k=

1.5

Ce=

0.8

Ct=

1=

0.8

2=

0.95

KN/m

Safety
Factor
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.5

The horizontal distributed (surface) load on the roof

c
2
ULS:
2.32
Q=
KN/m
n
2
SLS:
1.59
Q=
KN/m

(roof weight is divided by cos)

The vertical distributed (linear) load acting on the current purlin

ULS:

qc =

SLS:

Qc*d =

5.58

KN/m

3.82
q = Q *d =
the parallel component

KN/m

qf = qc*sin =
SLS:
qfn= qn*sin =
the normal component
c
ULS:
qw = qc*cos =
n
SLS:
qw = qn*cos =
ULS:

0.55

KN/m

0.38

KN/m

5.55

KN/m

3.81

KN/m

4. Calculus of bending moment and shear force (elastic range)

ULS

5.55
47.18

35.50

35.50

KNm
35.05

19.72

14.83

20.67

26.21

24.96

24.96

KN
30.21

SLS

23.67

24.96

24.35

24.35

3.81
32.37
M

KNm
24.05

10.17

14.18

5. Cross Section Sizing

5.1 Sizing for Deflection Checking

fallowable=
d1

Inec =
Inecd2=

t/200 =

4.5

cm

1 = 49.6

2 = 59.52

1706.47 cm2
831.215 cm2
5.2 Sizing for Resisting Bending Moment

Cross section shape I

Material type: OL 37

R=

Required section modulus:

M* = 29.37 KNm
W* = M*/R = 133.519
Web dimensions
tw =
3
propose
hw = 242.61
Flanges dimensions
tf =
6
propose

220

cm3
mm
mm

we use

hw =

250 mm

mm

Strength modulus
first span and current supports

W1 =

first support

W2 =

161354 mm3
214458 mm3

current spans
Flange areas
Af1 =
525.42 mm2
Af2 =
737.83 mm2
Af3 =
255.81 mm2

W3 =

93953.2 mm3

bf1 =

N/mm

87.5696 mm

bf1 =

90

mm

bf2 =

122.972 mm

bf2 =

130

mm

bf3 =

42.6355 mm

bf3 =

60

mm

we use

6. Verifications for the Sized Cross Section

A1 =

18.3

cm2

Ix1 = 2160.42 cm4

A2 =

cm2

23.1

A3 =

Ix2 = 2947.00 cm4

14.7

cm2

Ix3 = 1570.49 cm4

6.1 Verifications of ULS

Check for resistance

Section
1
2
3

M
KNm
35.50
47.18
20.67

T
KN
24.96
30.21
0

N/mm
215.247
209.728
172.413

N/mm
33.2845
40.2743
0

*
N/mm2
205.388
200.123
164.516

Check for local buckling

for compressed flange
b'/tf15

7.25
10.5833
4.75

83.3333

15
15
15

for web

6.1 Verification of SLS

Check for deflection

first span
factual,1 =

3.55

cm

current span
factual,2 =
2.38

cm

107.471

(OL 37)

e
N/mm2
213.326
211.932
164.516

check
ok
ok
ok

7. Purlin Cross Section Variation on the Length of the Beam

second support
We= Ix3/ymax =
119.88 cm3
Me=
26.212

We*R =
* xr

-2.774
xr=

We= Ix1/ymax =
Me=
30.206

We*R =
* xl

24.963

-47.181

-26.375

-47.181

-36.282

* xr2
mm

-35.498

-26.375

-35.498

-26.375

164.92 cm3
36.28 KNm

xl=

374

x1=

1000

mm

We*R =
* xr

119.88 cm3
26.37 KNm
-2.774

xr=

23.665

* xr2
mm

* xl
mm

We= Ix3/ymax =
Me=

875

-2.774

current support
We= Ix3/ymax =
Me=

26.37 KNm

We*R =

209

119.88 cm3
26.37 KNm

xl=

221

* xl2
mm

x1=

300

mm

* xl

-2.774

8. Purlin Splice Design

second support
Design Stress
M=
47.18 KNm
Cover plates sizing
818.54 mm2
Acpn = H/R =
top flange cover plate
propose
bcpt = b-20mm
t

H=

bcp =

110

mm

tcpt

7.44

mm

4.2

lw =
140
bottom cover cover plate
6
tcpb=tf =
t
140.00
bcp =
=
214.38
lw =
160

8.80

mm

4.2

lw =
80
bottom cover cover plate
6
tcpb=tf =
t
bcp = 110.00
= 205.285
lw =
130

mm

mm

tmin = min(tf, tcp)

60*aw=

252

mm

60*aw=

252

mm

mm
mm
mm
mm

H=

mm

=
322.59 N/mm2
aw 0.7*tmin
aw =

tcpt =

mm

current support
Design Stress
M=
35.50 KNm
Cover plates sizing
615.86 mm2
Acpn = H/R =
top flange cover plate
propose
bcpt = b-20mm
70
mm
bcpt =
tcpt =

180.08 KN

we use

=
233.87 N/mm2
aw 0.7*tmin
aw =

M/h =

M/h =

135.49 KN

tcpt =

we use

tmin = min(tf, tcp)

mm

mm

60*aw=

252

mm

60*aw=

252

mm

mm
mm
mm
mm

TRUSS
Loads for truss analysis

Loads
Permanent

Roof weigth

Loads (P)

Purlin weigth

Nominal Load
2
(KN/m )
0.2

Technological load
Snow load

Variable
Loads (V)

s0,k=

1.5

Ce=

0.8

Ct=

1=

0.8

2=

0.95

qc= Qc*d*t =

ULS:
SLS:

50.18

KN/m

34.42
q = Q *d*t =
the parallel component

KN/m

qfc= qc*sin =
SLS:
qfn= qn*sin =
the normal component
ULS:
qwc= qc*cos =
SLS:
qwn= qn*cos =
ULS:

1.35

0.1

1.35

1.14

1.5

(roof weight is divided by cos)

The vertical distributed (linear) load acting on the current purlin

4.99

KN/m

3.43

KN/m

49.93

KN/m

34.25

KN/m

1.35

0.15

KN/m2

The horizontal distributed (surface) load on the roof

ULS:
2.32
Qc =
KN/m2
n
SLS:
1.59
Q=
KN/m2

Safety
Factor

COLUMN

1. Loads for column analysis

Nominal Load

Loads
Permanent

Roof weigth

Loads (P)

Purlin weigth

0.2 KN/m2
0.15 KN/m2
0.15 KN/m2
0.25 KN/m2
0.1 KN/m2
1.14 KN/m2

Truss weigth
Quasipermanent
Loads (C)
Variable

Industrial dust
Technological dust
Snow load

Loads (V)
s0,k=

1.5

Ce=

0.8

Ct=

1=

0.8

2=

0.95

KN/m2

Wind load
(wind surface pressure)
(reference wind pressure)
=
Uref =

1.25
28.9

Kg/m
m/s

qref =

0.522

KPa

(air density for standard air)

(reference air velocity-10min)
(exposure factor)
(gust factor)

g=

3.5

(peak factor)
(wind turbulence intensity
for reference heigth 10m)
2.35
z0 =

cg(z) =

I(10) =
2.88

0.3

(roughness length)

0.27
(roughness factor)

kr(z0) =
cr(z) =

0.60

ct(z)=

cp1 =

0.7

cp2 =

-0.3

ce(z)= 1.71
cp

0.22

(factor for terrain category)

(topograhic factor)
(aerodynamic pressure
coefficient)
pressure:
suction:

0.626 KN/m2
-0.268 KN/m2

Earthquake load
1 =

(building of importance class III)

ag =

0.08

0 =

2.75

q=
Sd(T) =
m=
=

(for Cluj)

4
2

0.540 m/s
q*t*D = 28233.26 kg

(mass of a frame)

0.85
12.95

KN

Load Combinations
Load

Load factor

Nominal Value

Permanent

1.35

1.35

0.68

0.68

0.50

1.35
1.5

1.35
1.05

1
0.4

1.05

1.5

0.47
1.71
0.66
-0.28
0.00

0.47
1.20
0.94
-0.40
0.00

0.35
0.46
0.00
0.00
12.95

a
Q = 309.054
w1 = 5.911
w2 = -2.533

b
253.517
8.445

c
141.166
0.000

-3.619

0.000

W1 =

7.093

10.133

0.000

W2 =

-3.040

-4.343

0.000

Fb,frame =

0.000

0.000

12.948

0.5

Cvasipermanent
Variable
snow
wind
pressure
suction
Earthquake

Loads
gravitational
lateral

a
b
c

Factored Load

0.35
1.14
0.626
-0.268
12.95

KN/m

KN/m
KN/m2
KN/m2
KN/m2
KN

Max Sectional Efforts

N
T
M
309.054 57.844
282.89
253.517 82.641
404.15
141.66
6.475
64.75

2. Cross Section Sizing

Cross section shape I
Material type: OL 37

R=

Required section modulus:

W = M/(R-N/A) = 2076.31 cm3
Web dimensions
tw =
8
propose
mm
hw = 585.87 mm
Flanges dimensions
tf =
propose

Af =
bf =

10

N/mm2

220

A - an aproximate area of the CS (A = 10000mm2)

we use

hw =

we use

bf =

590 mm

mm

2763.97 mm2
276.397 mm

280

mm

3. Verifications for the Sized Cross Section

A=
Ix =

10320 mm2
63260.1 cm4

3.1 Check for resistance

M
Case
a
b
c

KNm
282.89
404.15
64.75

T
KN
57.84
82.64
6.48

N
KN
309.054
253.517
141.66

N/mm
166.339
219.421
44.9451

N/mm
12.255085
17.508686
1.371822

e
2

N/mm
161.867
213.032
43.9215

N/mm
163.253
215.18
43.9858

check
ok
ok
ok

3.2 Check for overall buckling

2
Ii (cm )
A (cm )
x
63260.1
103.2
y
3661.18
Ir = 287360 cm4
= 0.1056
cx =
0.85

NEx =

ri (cm)
24.759
5.956
i =

li (cm)
1000

i
60.59
83.95

lfi (cm)
1500
500

8.87

=>

0.875
0.664

0.664

0.997

5827.29 KN
210.678

3.3 Check for slenderness

max = max(x,y)<allowable = 120

N/mm2

=>

ok

83.95 < 120

=>

ok

13.6 < 15

=>

ok

3.4 Check for local buckling

Plate slenderness
for flange:
b'/tf15
for web:

=
' =
=

-213.03 N/mm2
163.90 N/mm2
1.769
=
17.51 N/mm2
= -0.29268
73.75

=>
=>

k3 =

50.873

= -0.29268

151.013

=>

ok

3.5 Anchorage bolts check

M=
use

gr 5.6

propose

M38
hb1 =

404.15
b

=> Ri =
=> d =
381

4 bolts with 2d spacing=>

Rbolt = Nb/Ab

Bmin = bf+70mm

KNm

N = 253.517 KN

180
38

N/mm2
mm

mm
Nb = M*hi/hj2-N/4 = 201.811 KN
Ab =
Rb =
H=
=>

Tension in the bolts (4 bolts)

1121.1724 mm2
20
914

d=
2

N/mm
mm
B=
350.00 mm

37.78 mm
(C16/20)

ROOF BRACING

1. Loading
a. wind pressure on transverse cladding
p
pw = 0.626 KN/m2
pwc = 1.5*pw = 0.938
W1 =

70.9343 KN

s
0.268 KN/m2
pw =
pwc = 1.5*pw =
0.402 KN/m2
s
W1 = 30.4004 KN

W2p
W3p

131.735 KN

W2s =

56.4579 KN

81.0677 KN

W3s

34.7433 KN

=
=

KN/m2

b. wind friction
pwf =

0.007 KN/m2

pwf = 1.5*pw =
W1f
W2f
W3f

c.

0.0105 KN/m2

0.7938 KN

0.9072 KN

=
S 2%*Tmax =

1.4742 KN
11.35

KN

S1 = 0
S2 = S3 =

11.35 KN
Bracing loading for diagonal members design (wind pressure + wind friction)
H1 = W1p+W1f = 71.7281 KN
H2 = W2p+W2f+S2 =
H3 =

W3p+W3f+S3

143.99 KN
93.89 KN

Bracing loading for bracing chord design

H1 = W1s+W1f =

31.19 KN

W2s+W2f+S2
W3s+W3f+S3

68.71 KN

47.57 KN

H2 =
H3 =

2. Determination of stresses in the members of the transverse bracing

a. stresses in the bracing chord
Nmax = Mmax/h =

110
KN
b. stresses in the diagonal member
D = (H2/2-H1/2)*1/sin =
57.326 KN
= arctg(2*a/(0.5*t)) = 0.729

3. Design of compression members of the bracing (bracing chord + diagonal)

Used CS: round hollow section
Material type: OL 37
88.9
Bracing Chord
t=3.2mm
R=
220
N/mm2
lbx = lby =
x =

3.29
lbx/rx =

y =

lby/ry =

3.03
cm
x = 0.546

108.581

=>

108.581

=>

y =

=>

209

Diagonal Members
ld =

rx = r y =

5.8
m
x = 0.5*lbx/rx = 113.725
y = 0.7*lby/ry = 159.216

76.1
rx = r y =

A=

1070

mm2

A=

906

mm2

0.488
210.663 220

t=4mm
2.55

cm

=>

x =

0.653

0.586

=>

y =

0.303

0.368

209

208.824 220