ASEANSubmarineCable

ASEANSubmarineCable
InternationalConnectivity
InternationalConnectivity
(ProtectionandRiskMitigation)
(ProtectionandRiskMitigation)
DIR.PHILIPA.VARILLA
NationalICTGovernance Group
DOSTICTO,Philippines
ExpertConsultation
AsianInformationSuperhighwayandRegionalConnectivity
Manila,Philippines
25September2013
InternationalConnectivity
SubmarineCableConnectivityRisksand
Assessments
SubmarineCableProtectionRegime
Regulations
BestPractices
CapacityBuilding
Outline
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ASEANInternationalConnectivity
ASEANInternationalConnectivity
In2012,ASEANisservedby24key
submarinecablesystemswitha
TotalLitCapacityof4.08Tbpsand
PotentialCapacityof41.24Tbps
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APSUBMARINECABLESYSTEMS
APCN2(Cablelength 19,000km)
APG(Cablelength 10,400km)
AAG(Cablelength 20,000km)
ASE(Cablelength 7,500km)
FEA(Cablelength 28,000km)
SEAJC(Cablelength 8,300km)
SEAMEWE3(Cablelength 39,000km)
SEAMEWE4(Cablelength 20,000km)
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PrimaryCausesofCableFaults
PrimaryCausesofCableFaults
y
Fishing gear types that contacts the sea bed are a primary cause of cable faults
Recent developments in AIS and vessel tracking have shown that ship anchors
are a more significant cause of cable faults than previously thought
Dredging operations; seismic activity; catastrophic weather; theft; abrasion from
cable movement due to hard sea bed and strong undersea currents
source: NASA
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NewResilience
NewResilience
STRATEGIC,
MULTILEVER,
ADAPTIVE
APPROACH
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RiskAssessmentFactor
RiskAssessmentFactor
Concentration Risk
Overrelianceonasetof
submarinecableamongstall
theavailablesubmarinecable
sysytem.
Architecture Risk
Vulnerablewhenthereisno
adequatebuiltinredundancy
giventheinherentphysical
networkdesignofasubmarine
cablesystem.
Capacity Risk
Bandwidthcapacityisnot
sufficienttomeetthe
bandwidthdemandbythe
country.
Route Risk
Nodiversityroutetoaddress
itsbandwidthdemandinthe
eventofdisasterand
disruption.
DISASTER
READINESS
A B
A
A B
C D
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RiskScale
RiskScale
HIGH
LOW
Substantialeffortsshouldbemadetoreducetherisk.
Riskreductionmeasuresshouldbeimplemented
urgentlywithinadefinetimeperiod.
R
I
S
K

S
C
A
L
E
Low
Low
Moderate
Moderate
High
High
Considerationshouldbeastowhethertheriskscanbe
loweredtoatolerablelevelandpreferablytoan
acceptablelevelbutthecostsofadditionalrisk
reductionmeasuresshouldbetakenintoaccount.
Noadditionalcontrolsarerequired.Actionsforfurther
reducetheserisksareassignedverylow.
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RiskAssessmentSummary
RiskAssessmentSummary
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SustainingNetwork
Development
EmergencyResponse
EarlyRestoration
Responsetorecovery
Preparedness
RiskReduction
Response,RecoveryandDevelopment
Response,RecoveryandDevelopment
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RiskReductionFramework
RiskReductionFramework
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UsefulTools
UsefulTools
Identifyingseismically
activeareasofthe
Pacificplateand
historicalanalysis
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RiskMitigationMethod
RiskMitigationMethod
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
Risk
Impact/Probability
Chart
ImpactofRisk
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

O
c
c
u
r
e
n
c
e
L
o
w

L
e
v
e
l

R
i
s
k
M
e
d
i
u
m

L
e
v
e
l

R
i
s
k
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l

R
i
s
k
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Government/Regulators CanHelp!
Government/Regulators CanHelp!
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CableandRouteInformation
CableandRouteInformation
Correct information about cable route (cable record) must be
collected and stored by the cable operator
Updated charts must be present on vessels
Fishermen must have updated charts on board their vessels and
know the location of submarine cables
Information about all submarine power cables must be given to the
institute (or similar) responsible for updating charts
Marine officers and pilots must be familiar with local conditions and
know who to contact in emergency situations
Fishermen must know if it is forbidden to use bottom trawl in a zone
1
1
2
2
The cable operator must know how to act when a submarine cable
has been hit by an anchor or fishing gear
Fishermen must act correctly when it comes to forbidden zones
Fishermen must know who to contact if they hit a submarine cable
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ContingencyPlanningProcess
ContingencyPlanningProcess
Analyse
potential
emergencies
Analyse
potential
impact
Establishclear
objectives&
strategies
Implement
preparedness
actions
DuetoRingof
Fire zonesand
patterns,
submarinecables
ofAsiaPacific
regionsisatriskof
largescalecable
faults
DuetoRingof
Fire zonesand
patterns,
submarinecables
ofAsiaPacific
regionsisatriskof
largescalecable
faults
Upto10
international
submarinecables
couldbeaffected:
Traffic
RevenueLoss
Outageduration
Resilient
Network
Immediate
restoration
Resilient
Network
Immediate
restoration
Prepareearly
warning
mechanism
Information
andeducation
Prepareearly
warning
mechanism
Information
andeducation
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BestPractices(NewZealand)
BestPractices(NewZealand)
Cable awareness education for maritime
communities is imperative, our catch fish not
cables phrase is central to this campaign.
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BestPractices(Denmark)
BestPractices(Denmark)
GovernmentParticipateinRegularMeetings
MASprovide24/7SurveillanceoftheArea
EngageProactivelyinCableProtectionMeasures
TheExecutiveOrderonCables(No939of27thNovember1992): ActNo54,15thFebruary
1895,lastrevised1972ProtectionZone200MetreseithersideofSubmarineCable
EntitlementtoCompensationforLossofSacrificedGearViolationsshallbeFined
NoPermitRequiredforRepairOperations
ConventionontheInternationalRegulationforPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972applyto
allVessels
JurisdictionoftheDanishMaritimeAuthority(Sfartsstyrelsen)RequirementforReburial
ofRepairssince1991
RequirementtoRemoveOutofServiceCableswithin12Miles
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BestPractices(Australia)
BestPractices(Australia)
LEGISLATIVESOLUTION LEGISLATIVESOLUTION
Implementnationallegislationto
protectsubseacables
Creationofprotectionzonesor
corridorsaroundcables
Restrictandprohibitactivitiesinthe
zones
Introducesignificantcriminal
penaltiesinaccordancewith
UNCLOS
Educateseabedusers
Sour c e: Aust r al i an Communi c at i ons &
Medi a Aut hor i t y
See I CPC Rec ommendat i on 6
Cabl e pr ot ec t i on
zones;
Posi t i ons on char t s;
Vessel t r ac k i ng;
Physi c al pr ot ec t i on
espec i al l y bur i al ;
Educ at i on/Li ai son
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CapacityBuildingforASEAN
CapacityBuildingforASEAN
StrengthenASEANanalysisplanning,
implementationandpreventivemeasures
Fosterinformationexchange
ShareandpromoteBestpractices
Raiseawareness
Communicatelessonslearned
NetworkdisasterresponsedrillsamongASEAN
AIM2015
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