Books

Single Author
In-text
According to Zirpoli (2008) .... OR
It has been suggested that ... (Zirpoli, 2008)
Reference List
Zirpoli, T. J. (2008). Behavior management: Applications for teachers (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.:
Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.
Two Authors
In-text
Always cite both names, use an ampersand (&) when putting the names in parentheses. Type the word
"and" between the names when using the names in the body of your essay, e.g.
Cox and Gould (1998) found that .... OR
Research indicates ... (Cox & Gould, 1998)
Reference List
Cox, R. C., & Gould, M. H. (1998). Civil engineering heritage: Ireland. London: Thomas Telford.
Three, Four or Five Authors
In-text
Cite all authors the first time. In subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed
by et al. and the year, e.g.
As discussed by Hall, Timothy, and Duval (2007) OR Research indicates ... (Hall, Timothy, & Duval, 2007)
Subsequent citations:
As discussed by Hall et al. (2007) OR Research indicates ... (Hall et al., 2007)
Reference List
Hall, C. M., Timothy, D. J., & Duval, D. T. (2007). Safety and security in tourism: Relationships,
management and marketing. Mumbai, India: Jaico Publishing House.
Six or seven authors
In-text
List the first author followed by "et al.", e.g.
Roeder et al. (1967) found OR
Research indicates ... (Roeder et al., 1967)
Reference List
Roeder, K., Howdeshell, J., Fulton, L., Lochhead, M., Craig, K., & Peterson, R. (1967). Nerve cells and
insect behaviour. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Include all names in the Reference List.
Eight or more authors
In-text
List the first author followed by "et al.", e.g.
Barrett et al. (2012) argue OR
Research indicates ... (Barrett et al., 2012)
Reference List
Barrett, J. M., Smith, V., Wilson, R. T., Haley, V. A., Clarke, P., Palmer, N. B., ... Fraser, D. (2012). How
to cite references in APA style. Christchurch, New Zealand: University of Canterbury Library.
When authors number eight or more, include the first six authors' names, then insert three dots
and add the last author's name.
Book Chapter
In-text
As discussed by Smith (2006) ... OR
Research indicates ... (Smith, 2006)
Reference List
Smith, M. L. (2006). Multiple methodology in education research. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli, & P. B.
Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 457-475). Mahwah,
NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Editor names are not inverted.
Edited Book
In-text
Research indicates ... (Friedman, 1998) ... OR
According to Friedman (1998) ...
Reference List
Friedman, H. S. (Ed.). (1998). Encyclopedia of mental health. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Different Editions

In-text
According to Gray (2011) ... OR
Research indicates ... (Gray, 2011) ...
Reference List
Gray, P. (2011). Psychology (6th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.
Edition number is placed after the title of the work. This is not necessary if it is the first edition.
Electronic book

Add either a retrieval statement with the URL of the web site or the doi, this takes the place of the
publisher location and name e.g.
Author, A. A. (2012). Title of book. Retrieved from http://www.XXXX OR
Author, A. A. (2012). Title of book. doi: XXXX
Electronic book chapter
Add either a retrieval statement with the URL of the web site or the doi, this takes the place of the
publisher location and name e.g.
Author, A. A. (2012). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. XXX-XXX).
Retrieved from http://www.xxxx OR
Author, A. A. (2012). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. XXX-XXX).
doi:XXXXX
Examples:
Lisle, D. (2010). Joyless cosmopolitans: The moral economy of ethical tourism. In J. Best, & M. Paterson
(Eds.), Cultural political economy (pp. 139-157). Retrieved from: http://reader.eblib.com.au
Jordan, K. (2004). Gender role. In S. Loue, & M. Sajatovic (Eds.), Encyclopedia of women's health (pp.
276-278). doi:10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_174
How do I cite material read on a Kindle?
See advice on the APA style blog