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(R$GRA) STUDI I%)U HUBUNGAN INT&RNASI$NA%
JURUSAN HUBUNGAN INT&RNASI$NA%
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UNI-&RSITAS RIAU
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THE CHALLENGES AND ADVANTAGES OF AFTA 2015
FOR INDONESIA
DEKRIS PRATAMA
1301120520
International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science,
Riau University
Bina Widya Campus Km. 1,! Simpan" Baru, Pe#an$aru %&'
(elp ) *+,-1. -'--, Fa/ ) *+,-1. -',&, -!!&'
0mail ) de#rispratama1live.co.u#
A. AFTA and Its Hist!".
2F(2 is an a$$reviation of 2S023 Free (rade 2rea is an a"reement of
t4e 2S023 countries. It5s an 2S023 policy to improve t4e economic
competitiveness of 2S023 mem$er.
2"reed on 6anuary %, 1&& in Sin"apore 74en t4e summit S023 8t4
4eld. 2t first t4ere 7ere si/ countries a"reed 2F(2, namely) Indonesia, Brunei
9arussalam, :alaysia, P4ilippines, (4ailand and Sin"apore. (4en ;ietnam
<oined in 1&&!, 74ile =aos and :yanmar <oined in 1&&,, and last Cam$odia
<oined in 1&&&.
2t t4e meetin" eac4 of t4e 4ead state announced it 7ould form a free
trade area in 2S023 7it4in 1! years. 2F(2 is a form or a"reement from 2S023
countries to esta$lis4 a free trade area in order to improve economic
competitiveness of t4e 2S023 re"ion to ma#e 2S023 as a production $ase of
t4e 7orld 7ill $e ac4ieved 7it4in 1! years *1&&'>++'., t4en accelerated into
++', and finally accelerated a"ain to ++. If calculated, it s4ould $e effectively
run in full in ++,. But, in t4e fact 2F(2 7ill $e active in +1!, years later.
Common 0ffective Preferential (ariffs For 2S023 Free (rade 2rea
*C0P(>2F(2. sc4eme is a sc4eme to reali?e 2F(2 $y tariff reduction up to +>
!@, elimination of Auantitative restrictions and non>tariff $arrier. Recent
developments related to 2F(2 is an a"reement to a$olis4 all customs duties for
import of "oods in +1+ for Indonesia, :alaysia, P4ilippines, Sin"apore and
(4ailand, also for Cam$odia, =aos, :yanmar and ;ietnam in +1!.
Product are cate"ori?ed in t4e Beneral 0/ception is t4at products do not
need to $e permanently incorporated into t4e C0P(>2F(2, for reason of national
security, safety, or 4ealt4 of 4umans, animals and plants, as 7ell as to preserve
t4e arc4eolo"ical o$<ects and culture. Indonesian cate"ori?in" product in a "roup
of 7eapons and ammunition, alco4olic $evera"es, and so on as muc4 as -% tariff
lines as t4e Beneral 0/ception.
#. Indn$sian attit%d$s t &a'$ t($ AFTA and ')*$t$ +it( t($!
'%nt!i$s in it.
1. T($ Cn'$*t & Natina, Int$!$st.
3ational Interest is t4e o$<ectives to $e ac4ieved in relation to t4e needs
of t4e nation C country or in connection 7it4 t4e aspired. In t4is case t4e national
interest is relatively fi/ed and eAual amon" all state C nation is security *includin"
t4e survival of its people and t4e needs of t4e re"ion. as 7ell as 7elfare. Bot4 of
t4ese are security of 7elfare *prosperity.. 3ational interest identified 7it4 t4e
national "oals. For e/ample, economic development interests, t4e interests of
development and improvement of t4e Auality of Duman Resources or forei"n
investment interests to accelerate t4e pace of industriali?ation.
(4e national interest is often used as a $enc4mar# or principal criteria for
decision ma#ers of eac4 country prior to formulate and esta$lis4 attitudes or
actions. In fact, every step of forei"n policy s4ould $e $ased to t4e national
interest and is directed to ac4ievin" and protectin" 74at is classified or
desi"nated as 3ational Interest.
1

So, t4e 4ead of state s4ould $e considerin" t4e interests of 4isC4er
country to ma#e decisions t4at lead to 2F(2.
2. T($ 'n'$*t & &!$i-n *,i'".
0very country must 4ave a national interest to $e ac4ieved. 3ational
interests of eac4 country manifested in t4e implementation of forei"n policy. 2
study of t4e forei"n policy $ecome so essential to assess, "iven t4e 7illin"ness of
a country to al7ays e/ist in t4e international arena is increasin" from time to time.
2s a su$<ect of study, t4e study of forei"n policy to learn 4o7 to analy?e
and descri$e t4e forei"n policy of a country $y concentratin" on common
1
(.:ay Rudy, Strate"ic Study in t4e transformation of t4e International System Post>Cold
War, Refi#a 2ditama, Bandun", ++, p 11-
symptoms are stic#in" on t4e surface, $ot4 in terms of pattern, nature, and type
of forei"n policy is $ased on t4e conte/t and purpose formulation.
In addition, t4is study also focuses on t4e factors t4at influence t4e
determinants of t4e policy to $e ta#en $y t4e decision ma#ers *Wica#sana, ++,)
+.. (4e study of forei"n policy 4as traditionally $een concentrated on efforts to
maintain and improve t4e capa$ility of t4e po7er and security of a country
t4rou"4 to avoid 7ar if possi$le, decided to fi"4t $ac# if necessary, and maintain
t4e inte"rity of nation $orders *Breunin", ++,)!.
Forei"n policy al7ays proclaimed $ased on national interest in order to
ac4ieve t4e national "oal, 74ic4 is an ela$oration of t4e national "oals of t4e
nation state interest *:or"ent4au, 1&,, in Wica#sana, ++,) +.. (4us, forei"n
policy closely related or associated 7it4 t4e desire to ac4ieve certain national
interest and $ecome an essential instrument in $uildin" t4e nation5s interstate
interaction.
In any decision process, decision ma#ers al7ays strive to provide t4e $est
for 4is country, alt4ou"4 sometimes irrational decisions ta#en and deemed
unpopular $y many. 0/ample is t4e decision of C4am$erlain, t4e Britis4 Prime
:inister, to compromise 7it4 Ditler in t4e :unic4 Conference in 1&'% related to
t4e re"ion Sudetenland.
C. T($ Cn'$*t O& R,$ T($!"
2ccordin" to 9ou"4erty E Pritc4ard *1&%!. in Bauer *++') !!., role
t4eory provides a conceptual frame7or# in t4e study of $e4avior in or"ani?ations.
(4ey stated t4at t4e role 7as Finvolves t4e creation of a product as opposed to a
pattern of $e4avior or actionF *p. 18'.. Furt4ermore, 9ou"4erty E Pritc4ard
*1&%!. in Bauer *++') !-. su""ests t4at t4e relevance of a role it 7ill depend on
t4e emp4asis of t4e role of t4e assessors and o$servers to t4e product or t4e
resultin" outcomes. In t4is re"ard, strate"ies and or"ani?ational structures are
also s4o7n to influence t4e perception of t4e role or roles and role perception
*Ka4n, et al., 1&-8G Hs7ald, :oss4older, E Darris, 1&&, in Bauer, ++') !%..
(4ere are t7o types of $e4avior e/pected in a <o$, namely *1. t4e role of
perception) t4at one5s perception of 4o7 people 7ere e/pected to $e4aveG or in
ot4er 7ords is t4e understandin" or a7areness of t4e patterns of $e4avior or
functions e/pected of t4e person, and *. role e/pectation) t4at is 4o7 ot4ers
accept one5s $e4avior in certain situations. Wit4 t4e role is played $y a person in
t4e or"ani?ation, 7ill form an important component in terms of identity and t4at
person5s a$ility to 7or#. In t4is case, an or"ani?ation must ensure t4at t4ese roles
4ave $een clearly defined. (4is t4eory is very suita$le for use in t4e
implementation of 2F(2 +1!.
AFTA C(a,,$n-$ &! Indn$sia in 2015
1. Ed%'atina, C(a,,$n-$s
If you loo# at t4e developed countries in 2S023 suc4 as Sin"apore,
t4ey loo# more advanced education. W4at a$out IndonesiaI Do7 to deal
7it4 t4e invasion of t4e 7or#ers5 output results in 2S023 countries suc4
as Sin"aporeI In one of t4e effects of 2F(2 is every citi?en of 2S023
mem$er countries can "o to sc4ool or 7or# in eac4 2S023 mem$er
countries.
In fact education in Indonesia is still a $it messy. 2 simple e/ample is
an electrical en"ineerin" "raduate 7or#in" in $an#in", or someone 74o
7or#s not in 4is field of e/pertise. 0ducation in t4is country is still on
tar"et to reco"ni?e t4e potential of students 7it4 tar"eted, so t4at students
can ma/imi?e t4eir potential. In ot4er 4and, may$e 7it4 t4e 2F(2 in +1!
could increasin" rate of unemployment in Indonesia.
2. T!ad$ C(a,,$n-$s
Indonesia 7ill only $e used as a sellin" point of t4e ot4er 2S023
countries. 2 simple e/ample is a smart p4one 74ic4 comes from ot4er
countries. Indonesia is only used as a place to sell t4eir products. Wit4 t4e
2F(2 in +1!, Indonesia 7ill lose trade competitiveness 7it4 ot4er
2S023 countries.
T($ Ad.anta-$ & AFTA 2015 &! Indn$sia.
1. /!0 P$!)it in ASEAN C%nt!i$s M!$ Easi,".
Indonesian professionals already supposed to 7or# a$road, do not
7ant to <ust state of Indonesia 74ic4 7as coloni?ed $y anot4er country.
(ime for Indonesia to $e t4e Fe/>patF in ot4er countries. Salaries in
2S023 countries suc4 as Sin"apore and :alaysia 7ill certainly lar"er
t4an in Indonesia. (ime for professional educated 7or#force contri$ute to
forei"n e/c4an"e for t4e country.
2. 1ti,i2atin & T%!is) as a S%!'$ & F!$i-n E3'(an-$
Indonesia is ric4 in natural resources and tourism location is a lot
of interest amon" tourists. 3atural resources are depletin" ma#e
Indonesia s4ould t4in# a$out more t4in"s t4at can increase revenue for
t4e state.
Wit4 t4e utili?ation of e/istin" tourism, Indonesia 7ill $e a$le to survive
and compete 7it4 ot4er countries in 2S023. Indonesia 4as a complete
tourism locations and e/otic place to visit t4at stretc4es from Sa$an" to
:erau#e.
(4ere are several important t4in"s t4at can ma#e Indonesia can
survive, or even can ta#e advanta"e of 2F(2 in +1! to ma#e it more
advanced countries. Bood education, la7 enforced, discipline, and a spirit
of optimism to "et a4ead of eac4 citi?en. If all of t4ese t4in"s can $e done
7ell, Indonesia could $ecome prosperous a"ain as in ancient times.
C. Cn',%sin
2F(2 is a form of cooperation in t4e 2S023 countries to improve t4e
economy in its mem$er countries to present t4e form of free trade amon" 2S023
countries. Hne of t4e important points t4at can $e seen from t4e implementation
of 2F(2 is tariff reductions for "oods up to +>!@.
Indonesia as one of t4e 2S023 mem$er countries 7ill surely run 7ell t4is
policy. In order to face t4e c4allen"es of 2F(2 in +1! t4ere are several steps
t4at must $e considered to Indonesian "overnment, namely ) 74ere t4e concept
of national interest t4erein su""ested t4at t4e "overnment s4ould consider t4e
interest of t4e people and t4e nation in ma#in" decisions on t4e implementation
of 2F(2 in +1!, a favora$le decision for Indonesia and t4e application and
understandin" t4eory of t4e role properly.
D. Lit$!at%!$
:enu<u 2S023 0conomic Community *P9F..
http://ditjenkpi.kemendag.go.id/website_kpi/Umum/Setditjen/Buku%20Menuju
%20ASEAN%20E!N!M"%20!MMUN"#$%2020%&.pd'. 2ccessed :ay,
't4 +18
Implementasi Ke$i<a#an =uar 3e"eri *P9F.. http://pustaka.unpad.a(.id/wp)
(ontent/up*oads/20%2/02/%+_imp*ementasi_kebijakan_*ua,_nege,i.pd'.
2ccessed :ay, 8t4 +18
6urnal Hnline. http://www.ju,na*.*ipi.go.id/. 2ccessed :ay, !
t4
+18
Pen<elasan Umum (arif. http://www.ta,i'.depkeu.go.id/. 2ccessed :ay, !
t4
+18
2S023 Free (rade 2rea *2F(2 Council..
http://www.asean.o,g/(ommunities/asean)e(onomi()(ommunit.. 2ccessed :ay
,t4, +18
B2PP032S. http://ditpo*kom.bappenas.go.id. 2ccessed 6une, !
t4
+18
Peran Indonesia dalam 2F(2. http://p,e/i.(om. 2ccessed 6une, -
t4
+18
2S023 Free (rade 2"reement) Hvervie7, (rends and C4allen"es.
http://www.(anasean.(om/home/asean)',ee)t,ade)ag,eement)o0e,0iew)t,ends)
and)(ha**enges)%. 2ccessed 6une, %t4 +18
2S023 Free (rade 2"reements ) Policy and =e"al Considerations for
9evelopment *P9F..
http://www.asean*awasso(iation.o,g/12Ado(s/w+_#hai*and.pd'. 2ccessed
6une, %t4 +18
2S023 Free (rade 2"reement.
http://www.wo,*dt,ade*aw.net/'ta/ag,eements/a'ta.pd'. 2ccessed 6une, %t4 +18