STUDY BLOCK 3 ANSWERS

1. Balance the equations:

(a) (NH
4
)
2
S +HgBr
2
2NH
4
Br +HgS
(b) P
4
O
10
+6H
2
O 4H
3
PO
4

(c) 2C
4
H
10
+13O
2
8CO
2
+10H
2
O
(d) 2H
2
O
2
2H
2
O +O
2

(e) NH
4
NO
2
N
2
+2H
2
O
(f) 3FeCl
2
+2Na
3
PO
4
Fe
3
(PO
4
)
2
+6NaCl
(g) 3CaCO
3
+2H
3
PO
4
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+3CO
2
+3H
2
O
(h) C
3
H
7
COOH +5O
2
4CO
2
+4H
2
O

2. One litre of solution contains 0.100 moles of FeCl
3
and 0.100 moles of NH
4
Cl.
Calculate the number of moles of Fe
3+
ions, Cl
-
ions and NH
4
+
From the FeCl
ions in the 1 L of
solution.
3
In 1 mol of FeCl
:
3
there is 1 mol of Fe
3+
and 3 mol of Cl

In 0.1 mol of FeCl

3
there is 0.1 mol of Fe
3+
and 0.3 mol of Cl

From the NH
4

Cl:
In 1 mol of NH
4
Cl there is 1 mol of NH
4
+
and 1 mol of Cl
In 0.1 mol of NH

4
Cl there is 0.1 mol of NH
4
+
and 0.1 mol of Cl

Thus in the 1 L solution:
n(Fe
3+
n(Cl
) =0.1 mol

n(NH
) =0.3 + 0.1 =0.4 mol
4
+
3. Classify the following reactions as one of: redox, precipitation, decomposition,
acid-base or combustion.

(a) Pb
) =0.1 mol
2+
(aq) +2I
-
(aq) PbI
2
(s) Precipitation
(b) HCN +OH
-
H
2
O +CN
-
acid-base
(c) CaCO
3
CaO + CO
2
decomposition
(d) Mg(s) +Cl
2
(g) MgCl
2
(s) redox
(e) C
2
H
4
+4O
2
2CO
2
+4H
2
4. How many atoms are there in:

(a) 1 mole of carbon atoms, C? 6.02 10
O +energy combustion
23
C atoms
(b) 1 mole of hydrogen atoms, H? 6.02 10
23
H atoms
(c) 1 mole of hydrogen gas, H
2
? 2 6.02 10
23

=1.204 10 24 H atoms

5. Determine the weight in grams of one silver atom.
Mass of one mole of Ag atoms =107.9 g mol
i.e. M(Ag) =107.9 g mol
1

1

g 10 79 . 1
10 02 . 6
9 . 107
N
9 . 107
atom Ag one of Mass
22
23
A

= =
6. Calculate the molar mass (molecular weight) of each of the following:

(a) SiF
4
M(SiF
4
) =104.09 g mol
1

(b) HF M(HF) =20.008 g mol
1

(c) Cl
2
M(Cl
2
) =70.90 g mol
1

(d) Xe M(Xe) =131.3 g mol
1

(e) NO
2
M(NO
2
) =46.01 g mol
1

(f) PtCl
4
M(PtCl
4
) =336.90 g mol
1

(g) ZnBr
2
M(ZnBr
2
) =225.19 g mol
1

(h) CH
3
NH
2
M(CH
3
NH
2
) =31.05 g mol
7. How many grams of H
1

2
are there in 1.5 moles of H
2
M(H
gas?
2
) =2.016 g mol
1
So, m(H

2
) =n M(H
2
8. A chemist weighs out 10 g of water (H
) =1.5 2.016 =3.024 =3.0 g (1sf)
2
O), 10 g of ammonia (NH
3
Water: M(H
) and 10 g of
hydrogen chloride (HCl). How many moles of each substance does this represent?
2
O) =18.016 g mol

1

(2sf) mol 56 . 0
016 . 18
10
M
m
O) n(H
2
= = =
Ammonia: M(NH
3
) =17.034 g mol
1


mol 59 . 0
034 . 17
10
) n(NH
3
= =
Hydrogen chloride: M(HCl) =36.458 g mol

1

mol 27 . 0
36.458
10
n(HCl) = =
9. How many moles of atoms are present in 9.00 g of Al? Calculate the number of
aluminium atoms this represents?
mol 334 . 0
26.98
9
n(Al) = =
Number of Al atoms =n N
A
=0.334 6.02 10
23
=2.01 10
10. What is the molecular formula of a compound whose molecular mass is 198 and
which contains 24.2% carbon, 4.0% hydrogen, 71.8% chlorine?
23

C H Cl
24.2 4 71.8

015 . 2
01 . 12
2 . 24
=

97 . 3
008 . 1
4
=

03 . 2
45 . 35
8 . 71
=


1
03 . 2
015 . 2

2
03 . 2
97 . 3

1
03 . 2
03 . 2
=

The empirical formulae is CH
2
Empirical mass =12.01 + (2 1.008) + 35.45
Cl
=49.476 g
4
49.476
198
mass emprical
mass Molar
= =
Therefore molecular formula is C
4
H
8
Cl
11. A 100 mg sample of a compound containing only C, H and O was found, by
analysis, to give 149 mg CO
4
2
and 45.5 mg of H
2
To solve this problem, you need to recognize that all the C in the CO
O when burned completely.
Calculate the empirical formula.
2

originated from the unknown compound. Thus if we calculate the mass of C
in the CO
2
Similarly, all the H in the H
this will give the mass of C in the unknown compound.
2
O originated from the unknown compound. Thus
if we calculate the mass of H in the H
2
The mass of O can then be found by adding the masses of C and H and
subtracting them from the total mass of the unknown sample.
O this will give the mass of H in the
unknown compound.
Mass of C: mol 10 39 . 3
44.01
0.149
) (
) m(CO
) n(CO n(C)
3
2
2
2

= = = =
CO M

So, m(C) =n M =3.39 10
-3
12.01 =0.0407 g
Mass of H: mol 10 05 . 5
18.016
0.0455
2
) (
) O m(H
2 ) O n(H 2 n(H)
3
2
2
2

= = = =
O H M

So, m(H) =n M =5.05 10
-3
1.008 =5.09 10
-3
Mass of O: m(O) =0.1 (0.0407 +5.09 10
g
-3

) =0.0542 g
C H O
0.0407 0.00509 0.0542
(Divide by molar masses) 0.00339 0.00505 0.00339
(Divide by smallest number) 1 1.49 1
(Round and multiply by 2) 2 3 2
The empirical formula is C
2
H
3
O

2