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Concrete Design
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ref
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Minimum concrete cover C
nom


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Task














Note 1
Table B2


















EN 1992
4.4.1.2 (3)
4.4.1.2 (5)
4.4.1.2 (6)
4.4.1.2 (7)
4.4.1.2 (8)


4.4.1.3





Note 1:
Manual for
the design
of
concrete
building
structures
to
Eurocode
2

















Assuming the minimum concrete cover for the verification of durability and fire resistance
As follows:


a) Concrete beam/slab: Fire resistance class: R90
Exposure conditions: XC1
Support conditions: simple supported Max reinforcement diameter used: 20mm


b) Concrete column: Fire resistance class: R120
Exposure conditions: XC3

f i
= 0.7 Max reinforcement diameter used: 16mm


- Durability
Find for the environment specified above:
1) The upper limit to the water/cement ratio =
2) The lower limit to the cement content =

In addition to the above requirements for durability in any given environment are:
3) good compaction
4) adequate curing
5) good detailing
6) The lower limit to the thickness of the cover c
min
to the reinforcement


The greater value for c
min
satisfying the requirements for both bond and environmental
conditions shall be used.

c
min
= max {c
min
,b; c
min,dur
+ c
dur,
- c
dur,st
- c
dur,add
; 14 mm} (4.2)

where:
c
min,b
minimum cover due to bond requirement =
c
min,dur
minimum cover due to environmental conditions =
c
dur,
additive safety element =
c
dur,st
reduction of minimum cover for use of stainless steel =
c
dur,add
reduction of minimum cover for use of additional protection =


c
dev
= 14mm c
min
= a) 20mm b) 25mm

c
nom
=c
v
=c
min
+ c
dev
=

- Fire resistance

Minimum cover to centreline of main reinforcement a =

Minimum dimensions with or thickness
initial /final design initial /final design
a) Concrete slab/beam: slab: 200;25 / 200;25 beam: 200;39 / 250;46

b) Concrete column: final design bmin = 350 and a= 57mm
or
initial = 500mm / no dim for a bmin = 450 and a= 51 mm

























a) b)
0.7 0.45
240kg/m
3
340kg/m











a) b)
20 16
15 25
0 0
0 0
0 0

34 39


Project
Concrete Design
Job
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Part of structure
SLS of deflection, cracking and vibration
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Table 4.2










Isrtuct e
manual
Table 5.
Concrete
centre
Figure 8





Table 11
Concrete slab= 7 m ( simply supported)
Concrete beam =6 m ( continuous)
Deflection Initial Design
With f
yk
being 500Mpa The span/effective Depth ratio is
One way simply supported slab = 20
Continuous beam= 18
Effective depth :
Concrete slab = 7/20 = 0.35m
Concrete beam= 6/18 = 0.33
Where use :

3/2
for

)for
For the final design
For concrete slab A
s,req
/bd
2
= 0.5
For concrete beam A
s,req
/bd
2
= 01.5
Therefore the concrete slab span/effective depth ratio = 18.5
& concrete beam span/effective depth ratio = 26 or 30
Crack width
Assuming
2
= 0.3 & = 1.25 ratio Gk/Qk= 2.8
From figure 6
su
= 243
Ratio of redistributed moment to elastic moment =1
Required reinforcement/ provided reinforcement = 1
Therefore use
su
Concrete slab
Maximium spacing = 200mm
Concrete beam
Maximum bar diameter = 16mm














350mm
333mm








18.5
26 or 30








200mm
16mm


Project
Concrete Design
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Part of structure
Foundation design
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Concise
EC2
Design Basis
The limit states of stability strength and serviceability needs to be considered.

Design Actions
Dead load
Slab = 25 x 3.75 x 2.375 x 0.2 = 44.5 kN
Roof = 0.6 x 3.75 x 2.375 = 5.34 kN
Beam = 25 x 0.4 x 0.3 x ( 3.75 + 2.375) = 18.375 kN
Column = 25 x 0.3 x 0.3 x 1.303 = 2.93 kN
Sum of permanent load (Gk) = 44.5 + 5.34 + 18.375 + 2.39 + 0.2 = 70.805 kN

live load
Imposed load = 0.6 kN/m
2
x 3.75 x 2.375 = 5.34kN
Horizontal load ( wind action )
Assuming half of the wind directly hitting the wall acting on the foundation
Aref = (4.5 x 2.38 )/ 2 = 5.355
F
we
= 1 x (-0.323 x 5.4) = -1.74 K
N
F
wi
= 1 x ( -0.04 x 5.44) = -0.216 kN
Therefore the total force acting on foundation = -1.74 (- 0.216) = - 1.52 kN
Axial load
ULS
N
ED
= 1.35 Gk + 1.5 Qk = 1.35 x 88.94 + 1.5 x 4.725 = 131.63 kN
HORIZONTAL LOAD (ULS)
N
ED
= 1.35 x 0 + 1.5 x -1.52 = -2.28 kN
Design Moment
From column calculation Design Moment (M
ed
= M
02
+ M
2
= 37.2+ 113=150.2 kNm)
Therefore determining ULS ( Geo) Assuming 50% permanent action & 50 % variable action
M
ED
= 29.95 KNm
Member size of foundation
To satisfy eccentricity
e = Med/ Ned = 29.95 / 131.63 = 0.228
To achieve e d/6 try d = b = 1.36m
Try 1.5m x 1.5m x 0.8m deep e < d/6
Ground bearing pressure:
















70.805 kN




5.34kN









- 1.52 kN


131.63 kN


-2.28 kN


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Exp 4.1
Istruct E
Table B2






Annex C
Table C1

Size of foundation = 131.63 / 120 = 1.097 m
2
( Area of foundation)
Therefore the size of foundation is> 1.097 Thus a moment will add up to the ground pressure
Hence try 2m x 2 m x 0.8m
Checking ground bearing pressure
N
found
= 25 x 2 x 2 x 0.8 = 80 kN
Structural resistance = N
ED, found
= 1.35 x 80 = 108kN
P = N
ED
+ N
ED, found
= 373 kN + 108 = 481 kN

2
= 481 / 2 x 2 29.95 x 6 /( 2 x 2
2
) = 120.25 22.46
= 142.85 < 168 & = 97.65
Flexibility of foundation
d = 2 & d column = 0.3 , h = 0.8 ,Vmax = 0.8
Therefore V = 2/2 0.3/2 = 0.85> 0.8 Therefore foundation is flexible.
Cover
Cover
c
nom
= c
min
+ c
dev

where cmin = max[cmin,b, cmin,dur]

where
c
min,b
= diameter of bar. Assume 20 mm main bars
c
min,dur
= minimum cover due to environmental conditions = 40mm
Assuming primarily XC3 / XC4, secondarily XF1, cmin,dur = 35 mm
c
dev
= allowance in design for deviation = 10 mm try c
nom
= 40 + 10 =50
= 50 mm to main bars
d = 800- 50mm = 750 20/2 = 740mm
Yield Strength of reinforcement
Fywd, eff = 250 + 0.25 Fywd = 250 + 0.25 x 740 = 435 N/mm
2
Fywd = k x fyk/ = 1.05 x 500/1.15 = 457 N/mm
2

K=(fe/fy) k 1.05 for steel grade A
Concrete compressive strength
Fck = 30 N/mm
2
, fcd = = 1 x 30 / 1.5 = 20 N/mm
2

Flexure design
Design moment at face of column
Mean GBP = (120.25 + 142.25)/ 2 = 131.25 kN/ m
2

M = w x v
2
/2 = 131.25 x 0.85
2
/2 = 47.41 knm
K = M
ED
/ bd
2
fck = 47.41x10
6
/ ( 1000 x 740
2
x 30)= 0.003
Limit z/d to 0.95















ok




OK












740mm

435 N/mm
2




20 N/mm
2






z/d = 0.97


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Table 6.1

Z = 0.95 x 740 = 703mm

Klim > Kf ; Therefore NO compression reinforcement needed

Reinforcement required

As = M / ( 0.87z Fyk) = 47.71 x 10
6
/ 0.87 x 703 x 500 = 156 mm
2
As, min = 0.26 fcm, btd/fyk
Fctm = 3.08 N/mm
2

Bt = 1
Asmin = 0.26 x 3.08 x 1000 x 740/500 = 1185 > 156 & 0.0013 x 1000 x 740 = 962 > 156

Try H20 B : As, prov = 7 x 320 = 2240
Asreq/As,prov = 1185/2240 = 0.53 : Therefore aggregate needs to be limited to 0 20mm
Punching shear design
Ved =Ned = 373KN
A1 = 300
2
= 0.09m
2
Ved, red = Ved -
= A1 x ( GBP Self weight of foundation)
=0.09 x ( 120.25 ( 25 x 0.8) = 9kN
Ved,red= 373 9 = 364 kN
Shear stress at column face
Ved,max = Ved,red/ud
D = mean effective depth of slab (dy + dz)/2
Dy = h Cnom 0.5 = 800 50 0.5 x 20 = 740
Dz = h Cnom 1.5 = 800 50 1.5 x 20 = 720
D = ( 740 + 720 ) / 2 = 730mm
Vo = 300 x 4 = 1200
K = 0.7
W1 = c1
2
/2 + c1c2 + 4c2d + 16 d
2
+2dc1
W1 = 300
2
/2 + 300 x 300 + 4 x 300 x 730 + 16 x 730
2
+ 2 x 730 x 300 = 10913419mm
2

U2 = 2 x 730 = 1460
U1 = 1460 x 2 = 9174mm
= 1 + k Med/ved x u1/w1










156 mm
2







Use
Asmin















364 kN



Project
Concrete Design
Job ref
Part of structure

Wind load calculation
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M Omar, A Sharriff
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Bs EN 1992
(6.50)






= 1 + 0.6 x 47.41/373 x 10
3
x 9173 / 10913418 = 1 N/mm
2

Ved,max = 1 x 373 x 10
3
/ 1200 x 730 = 0.43 N/mm
2

Shear resistance of strut
Vrd,max = 0.5v, fcd
Fcd = 30/1.5 = 20
V = 0.6 ( 1 FCK/250) = 0.6 ( 1 30/250) = 0.53
0.5 x 0.53 x 20= 5.3 N/mm
2

Vrd, max = 5.3 N/mm
2
> Ved, max = 0.43 N/mm
2



Maximum shear strength Vrd
Vrd = Crdc k ( 100, fck)
1/3

Crdc = 0,12
K = 1 + 200/d = 1 + 200/730 = 1.52
Vrdc = 0.12 x 1.52 ( 100 x 0.003 x 30 )
1/3
= 0.36N/mm
2

As.bwd = 2240/ 1000 x740 = 0.003
Vrdc= Vmin x d/a
Vrdc = 0.035 fck x k
3/2
x 2d/a
Vrdc = 0.035 x 30
3/2
x 1.52
3/2
x 2 = 0.36 N/mm
2

Uout, eff = x Ved / ( Vrdc x d)
= 1.52 x 373 x 10
3
/ 0.36 x 730 = 2157mm
Distance from column face = Uout eef 4h / 2
= 2157mm 4 x 800 / 2 = 0.36N/mm
2

Shear stress at Uo
2
Ved,red (Uo
2
) = 0.5d
A0.5 = ( 0.5d + dcol/2)
2
x = (730 x 0.5 + 300/2)
2
x = 0.83
Ved,red = Ved - Ved
Ved = 0.83 x ( 120.25 25 x 0.8 ) = 83.2kN
Ved,red = 373 83.2 = 289.6
Perimeter at 0.5 d = 0.5 x 730 = 365mm
Uo
5
= 365 x 2 x + 300 x 4 = 3493.4mm
Ved at U2 = x Ved /( Uo
5
x d )
1.52 x 113 x 10
3
/ ( 3493 x 730 ) = 0.06 N/mm
2
< 1.52N/mm
2
= Ved
Therefore No shear reinforcement required














ok










0.36N/m
m
2









2157mm

0.36N/mm
2