Introduction

CNC means a Computer Numerical Control. A computer controller reads G-code or machine language
instructions and drives a tool. In short, CNC technology is not very complicated. It is a tool controlled by
a computer. It only becomes more sophisticated when considering how the computer controls the tool.

A CNC machine is defined as a computer numerically controlled machine that is programmed and
controlled through a computer that offers very short set up times and the flexibility to run batches
from one to several thousand. Today, they are widely used in manufacturing in combination with
software programs to efficiently and consistently create different products for large companies or
even single consumers.
Their uses in the manufacturing sector include drilling, milling, reaming, boring, and counter boring.
they have the ability to be transformed into CNC lathes, CNC drill and tap area, CNC grinding, and
in conjunction with routers to make CNC wood engravers and letterers . Unfortunately, most CNC
machines in use only have the ability to perform a single task due to their inability to exchange
working head parts. They tend to run slowly depending upon how precise the design is, and they
usually run at very high costs making them extremely hard to sell in small markets with high
development rates.
As stated earlier, CNC costs make it difficult for these machines to be sold to smaller, growing
markets. Market research has shown that If a well-designed machine could be offered domestically
that could offer many different operations with higher speeds and lower cost, the Chinese market
would look again to importing more of these machines which could funnel to smaller, developing
countries surrounding China in the Asian market that have a high need for machines to perform
high precision tasks.

The objective of this project is to design and build a CNC router which provides high quality features
at a reduced cost compared with similar machines. It will further extend the traditional single task
machines in such a way that multiple distinguishable tasks may be performed such as routing.
The
Advantages of CNC machines are reduced lead time, elimination of operator errors, operator
Activity, lower labor cost, smaller batches, longer tool life, elimination of special jigs and
Fixtures, flexibility in changes of component design, reduced inspection, less scrap and
Accurate costing and scheduling. The specific advantages of the CNC system are: 1) the
Simplicity--the operating principles of the machine and control system can be very easily
Understood, 2) since very few transmission elements are used, the reliability of the system
is high, and 3) not many instruction systems of this type are currently available in the
Marketplace. (A. A. Tseng, 1985)



There are three major subsystems to this CNC
1. Mechanical
2. Electrical
3. Software



GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The general objective of this project is to design a 3 axis CNC router which provides high quality
features at a reduced cost compared with similar machines.by analyzing the mechanical components
of the machine.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

Specifically, the main objective of this project work is to come up with satisfactory solutions
related to the wood working system of the furniture Factory and improve the operation by lower labor
cost, elimination of special jigs and Fixtures, flexibility in changes of component design, reduced
inspection, less scrap and Accurate costing and scheduling.

The objectives of this study are:
To design the 3 axis CNC machine
Analysis of the machine
Reducing importing CNC machine
Providing cnc machine at lower cost
To understand CNC routing machine and its component (mechanical, electrical )
Applicable
Identifying the basic problems of the company in usage of MHE.
Selecting a good material handling equipment for the company based on the observation.
To provide solutions to increases quality, decrease time and labor cost (i.e. for optimum
utilization of resources; men, machines and materials.) which lead to increase their
production.





Methodology

The first step in this project is to visit the company that incorporates large amount furniture and
identifying problems related to machining system. Accordingly, we chose some furniture factory
which is found around here in Addis Ababa. During our visit, we tried to identify some main
problems with respect to machining. We tried to use four methods to gather our input resources
for the project. These are:
1. Directly visiting the company
2. Interviewing
3. Collecting relevant recorded data
4. Studying various literatures
So we tried to solve the identified problem and analyze the nature of the problems and come up
with a decision on what type of machine we can employ.

Methodology

The start of the flow work is to understand the fundamental of the 3 axis CNC machine.
After doing some research and study about the 3 axis CNC machine, the next step that is
Needed to do is design the machine according to the understanding of the CNC
Machine concept. The designing of the machine including with the wiring connection and
the software that is use to generate the program. Develop the machine base of the design
that has been drawn.




The three-axis machine is capable of continuous path movement. Its design is carried
out with the following considerations in mind:
Intended as an instruction or research kit, it should be small in size and Lightweight.
The worktable must have sufficient movement.
The spindle head must be restrained to a single degree of freedom.