SAUD ALASMARI

Project

Instructor: Dr. Mohamed A. Habib

Project of Thermodynamics II

Name: SAUD MUBARAK ALASMARI

ID# 200849100
Sec: 03
Date of Submit 2012-05-07

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Project

Abstract:
In these project, I give an introduction of the Rankine cycle (open &
closed). Second, I Determine the thermal efficiency for the case of one
feed water heater operating at 2.0 MPa and It's equal (0.3665).
Furthermore, I show, the Plot the influence of the feed water heater
pressure in terms of rising of feed water enthalpy and maximum rise of
feed water enthalpy on the cycle efficiency. Also, I discuss the
economics of adding a single feed water heater with 5% of the total
cost of 0.8 x 106 $/MW of the simple power plant with no heaters.
Finally, I show the environmental impact of adding feed water heaters.

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Project

:Table of Content

i.

Cover Page

ii.

Abstract

iii.

Introduction

iv.

Objective

v.

Problem and Solutions

vi.

Economic

vii.

Environment

viii.

Comparing open and closed feed water

ix.

Conclusion

x.

References

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Introduction:
Saudi Arabia one of the most country that export Oil to other country
which mean that it has a lot of industrial company. Moreover, many
companies are using open and closed Rankine cycle. "A feed water
heater is a device used to gradually heat water that is being delivered to
a steam boiler. The main reason why feed water heaters are used is
because the water needs to be heated gradually until it reaches its
boiling point, also known as the saturation temperature. If water is
heated too fast or too violently, the boiler metal is damaged because of
thermal shock, which occurs when the rapid increase in temperature
creates cracks in the metal. A feed water heater also can increase the
overall efficiency of the steam cycle, because the primary heat source
does not need to be employed. Instead, feed water usually is heated by

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alternative heat sources naturally found within the steam cycle."(1). In

addition, there is two type of the feed water heater open and closed.

1. Open feed water heater

An Open Feed water Heater

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Schematic of a Power Plant Running an Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle with One Open Feed water Heater

T-S Diagram of an Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle with One Open Feed water Heater

2. Closed feed water heater

Closed Feed water

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Schematic of a Power Plant Running an Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle with One
Closed Feed water Heater

T-S Diagram of an Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle with One Closed Feed water Heater

Objective:
The aim of the project is to find the thermal efficiency for the case of
one feed water heater operating at 2.0 MPa, the Plot the influence of
the feed water heater pressure in terms of rising of feed water enthalpy
and maximum rise of feed water enthalpy on the cycle efficiency. Also,
it will discuss the economics of adding a single feed water heater with
5% of the total cost of 0.8 x 106 $/MW of the simple power plant with
no heaters. Finally, it will show the environmental impact of adding
feed water heaters.

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Project

Feed water heater

Problem - Solution:
1. Problem:
:Here is a quotation of the problem statement
The effect of a location of the open feed water heater on the thermal efficiency of the
non-deal cycle of a steam power plant utilizing the Rankine cycle is to be
investigated. The plant produces 500 MW of power output. Steam leaves the steam
.generator at 11 MPa, 550C, and the cycle has a condenser pressure of 20 kPa
1. Determine the thermal efficiency for the case of one feed water heater
operating at 2.0 MPa.

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2. Plot the influence of the feed water heater pressure (in terms of rise of feed
water enthalpy / maximum rise of feed water enthalpy) on the cycle
efficiency. Investigate the intermediate pressure at which the system will
give you optimum performance for one heater.
3. If the cost of installing a single feed water heater is 5% of the total cost of
0.8 x 106 $/MW of the simple power plant with no heaters, discuss the
economics of adding feed water heater(s) with respect to improvement in
the plant efficiency. The cost of heat energy that is to be added to the
boiler may be considered as 0.02 $/MJ. Also discuss how many years
would be needed to recover the cost of installing one feed water heater.
(a)

Discuss what would be the environmental impact of adding feed water

heaters?

2. Solutions:

Solution containing Table, charts.

:Question 1

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N=0.3665 is the thermal efficiency for the case of one feedwater heater
operating at 2.0 MPa

:Question 2
.The graphs in the previous page

:Question 3
Feedwater Cost 1 = (5%)*(the total cost)*(W)=
=(.05)*(.8x106)*(500MW)
=2x107 $
Saving per year Cost 2 =((W/ns)(W/nR))*days*hours*minute*heater C =
= ((500/0.3425)-(500/0.3665))*1000*365*24*60*0.02
=1.00x109 $/year
Cost 2/ Cost 1=1.00x109 /2x107= 4 years and 10 months , which is
acceptable

Economy:
An open feed water heater is an economical cycle that will be
compensated in few years. In additions, it cost around (2.7x107).
However, after 4 year it can the cost of installing one feed water heater.

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Lastly, the thermal efficiency when we add feed water heater is larger
than when the case of no feed water heater.

Environment:
The feed water heater is a good friend of the environment which does
.not emit co2 to the environment

Comparing an open and a closed feed water heater:

Here, I compare the advantage and the disadvantage of open feed water
.and the close feed water heater
.(A direct mixing (open feed water heater .1
:Advantage
Simple .1
Inexpensive .2
Have good heat transfer characteristics .3
Bring feed water into saturated state .4
:Disadvantage
For each heater, we need a pump .1
.(Without mixing (closed feed water heater .2
: Advantage
We dont need a pump for each heater, since the pressure is .1
different
:Disadvantages
(More complex (internal tubing network .1
More expensive .2
Less heat transfer performance, since the two fluids are not .3
.in contact

conclusion:

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In conclusion, open feed water heater is one on the most common and
useful heater. Furthermore, I found the thermal efficiency for the case
of one feed water heater operating at 2.0 MPa which is n=0.3665 . In
addition , I Plot the influence of the feed water heater pressure in terms
of rising of feed water enthalpy and maximum rise of feed water
enthalpy on the cycle efficiency. Also, I discussed the economics of
adding a single feed water heater with 5% of the total cost of 0.8 x 10 6
$/MW of the simple power plant with no heaters and I found it better
and more economical if we add feed water heater. Finally, I showed the
environmental impact of adding feed water heaters and I show that the
feed water heater is a good friend of the environment which does not
emit co2 to the environment.. Finally, I compeered between the open
feed water heater and the closed feed water heater by their advantages'
and disadvantages.

Reference:

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1. "What Is a Feed Water Heater?" WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common
Questions. Web. 18 Dec. 2011. <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-feedwater-heater.htm>.