Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Packaging
Conclusion
Packaging in a Multivariate Conceptual Design
Synthesis of a BWB Aircraft
Paul Okonkwo
Co-Author:
Prof Howard Smith
Craneld University
June 3, 2014
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 1/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
1
Introduction
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
Aim and Objectives of Presentation
2
Packaging
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
3
Conclusion
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 2/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
Aim and Objectives of Presentation
Scope of Presentation
1
Introduction
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
Aim and Objectives of Presentation
2
Packaging
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
3
Conclusion
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 3/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
Aim and Objectives of Presentation
Origin of the BWB Aircraft
The BWB aircraft concept originated from the desire to develop aircraft
that is:
Environmentally friendly.
Aerodynamically ecient.
Capable of conveying large payload over long ranges.
At reduced DOC.
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 4/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
Aim and Objectives of Presentation
Potentials Opportunities Oered by the BWB Aircraft
The BWB oers....
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 5/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
Aim and Objectives of Presentation
Challenges of BWB Aircraft Design
...However, there are several challenges:
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 6/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
Aim and Objectives of Presentation
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
This presentation is derived from the development of a design tool for the
conceptual design synthesis of the BWB aircraft.
Motivation for this Presentation
Though, packaging is often not considered at the conceptual design
phase of conventional aircraft.
However, the BWB uses airfoil with non-uniform varying
cross-section.
Non-uniform cross-section increases the diculty of positioning
object within the aircraft.
Thus, the need for a packaging algorithm that allows for the ecient
use of internal space.
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 7/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
Aim and Objectives of Presentation
Aim and Objectives of this Presentation
Aim of the Presentation
The aim of this presentation is to describe the implementation of
packaging methodology within a multivariate design synthesis
optimization of a BWB aircraft.
Objectives of the Presentation
Sizing and positioning major aircraft components within the aircraft.
Parameterization of the external geometry of the BWB using Class
Shape Transformation technique.
Detect interference between the external surface and internal
components.
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 8/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
Scope of Presentation
1
Introduction
Overview of the BWB Aircraft
Aim and Objectives of Presentation
2
Packaging
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
3
Conclusion
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 9/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
Packaging in Conceptual Design of the BWB
Denition of Packaging:
Packaging is the process of determining the sizes and positions of major
internal components of an aircraft in order to ensure ecient space
utilization as well as prevent components interference with the external
geometry in the conceptual design phase.
Components of Packaging
Sizing.
Positioning of major aircraft components.
Geometry parametrization of the external surface.
Interference detection.
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 10/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
Sizing of Selected Aircraft Major Internal Components
Sizing Performed:
Sizing the cabin.
Sizing landing gears or undercarriage.
Sizing the engines.
Sizing the baggage compartment.
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 11/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
Sizing the Cabin of a BWB
Bradley Cabin Sizing Method is applied. It involves:
Determine the total length required.
Determine the number of bays.
Dimension the length of the centre-line and outer walls of the cabin.
Determining the Total Length Required:
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 12/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
Procedure for Determining the Number of Bays
Assumptions
Width of each bay is set to 12ft.
Maximum number of bays limited to 5.
Minimum length of outerwall of the cabin is 38.5ft.
Maximum length of outerwall is 44.5ft.
Maximum Length for any Number of Bays is Determined By:
L
max
= nl
w
+
w
2
tan
fus
n
i =1
(i 1)
Where: n=Number of bays.
l
w
=length of the outermost wall.
w=Width of each bay.
fus
=Sweep angle.
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 13/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
Determining the Length of the Outermost Wall of the
Cabin
Obtained by replacing L
max
in previous equation by l
req
and making
l
w
the subject of the formula.
l
w
=
L
req
w
ea
2
tan
fuse
n
i =1
(i 1)
n
w
ea
2
tan
fuse
i =1
Au
i
S
i
()
S
i
= k
i
i
(1 )
Ni
k
i
=
N!
i !(Ni )!
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 22/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
Class Shape Transform for an Arbitrary Wing
3-Dimensional Shape Function is given by:
Su
i
(, ) =
Nx
i
Ny
j
[Bu
i ,j
Sy
j
()Sx
i
()]
Streamwise shape function, Sx
i
() = kx
i
i
(1 )
Nxi
spanwise shape function, Sy
j
() = ky
j
j
(1 )
Nyj
Complete CST function for an arbitrary wing with twist and dihedral
is given by:
u
(, ) = C
N1
N2
()
Nx
i
Ny
j
[Bu
i ,j
Sy
j
()Sx
i
()]
+ [
T
() tan
T
()] +
N
()
Paul Okonkwo ICAAE June 5-6, 2014 New York 23/28
Introduction
Packaging
Conclusion
Sizing
Internal Arrangement of Major Aircraft Components
Geometry Parameterisation
Interference Detection
Fundamentals of Interference Detection
Given a point vector P =
p
x
p
y
p
z