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Chapter No:01
INTRODUCTION
Qno:1 What is Physics ? Name a few branches of physics ?
Ans: Physics is taken from Greek word Physikos which means Natural.
Physics is the branch of physical science.
Physics is defined as a science which deals with
the interaction of matter and energy.
BRANCHES OF PHYSICS
1) Mechanics: It deals with the motion of objects with or without reference.
2) Electricity : It is concerned with the phenomena() and effects()
related to electric charges.
3) Electromagnetism: It deals with observations, principles, laws and methods
that relate electricity and magnetism.
4) Solid State physics: It is concerned with the structure () and
properties() of solid materials.
5) Atomic Physics: It is concerned with the structure and properties of the atom.
6) Nuclear Physics: It is concerned with the structure, properties reactions of the
nuclei of the atoms.
7) Plasma Physics : It is concerned with the properties of highly ionized atoms
forming a mixture of bare nuclei(nuclei without electrons) and electrons.
8) Bio-Physics: It is concerned with the application of physical methods and
explanation to bio-physical systems and structures.
9) Astro-Physics: It is concerned with the study of the physics of astronomical bodies.
Example : sun, stars, moon, planets etc.




Qno:2 What is the contribution of Al-Haitham in the field of Physics ?

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Ans: Abu Ali Hassan Ibn-al-Haitham (965-1039) 74 years
Abu Ali Hassan Ibn-al-Haitham was born in Basra city of Iraq.
He was a great scholar of physics, mathematics, engineering, astronomy and medicine.
CONTRIBUTIONS:
He wrote many books on various subjects. His remarkable book Kitabul Manazir
in which he discussed about the nature of light. He constructed a Pinhole camera
with the help of which he obtained image of sun eclipse( ).He gave two laws
of reflection. He discovered the nature of light and told it is kind of energy. He gave
formal definition of ray of light. He described luminous , non - luminous, opaque
and transparent objects. He described the working and the internal structure of the Eye.
Qno:3 What is the contribution of Dr. Abdus Salam in the field of Physics ?
Ans: Dr. Abdu Salam was born in Jhang, (Pakistan) in 1926.
He was awarded Nobel prize in 1979 for his work on Grand unification theory (GUT)
He established international center for theoretical physics at Trieste, Italy for Scientists
from the developing world.
Qno:4 In what way Al-Beruni was versatile scientist ?
Ans: Abu Rehan Muhammad bin Ahmed al-beruni was born in a small town Berun in present
Afghanistan in 973 A.D. He was a great scholar and wrote more than one Hundred and
fifty books on mathematics, physics, cosmology, geography, culture, Chemistry and biology
etc. Al beruni proved that earth is round and floating in space . He also measured the
circumference of earth at Pind Dadan Khan, village in Pakistan by his own inventedmethod.
He gave the method of determining the Longitude ( ) and Latitude( ).
He gave the exact densities of the metals. He died in 1048 A.D
Qno:5 State briefly the significant work of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan in the field of nuclear science ?
Ans Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was born on 1
st
April, 1936 at Bhopal in India.
He obtained M.Sc. Metallurgy degree from Holland. He obtained PhD degree from the
University of Leaven, Belgium. He worked as an expert at Urenco Enrichment plant in
Holland. He returned to Pakistan to serve his motherland. The former Engineering Research
Laboratories has now been named as A.Q Khan Research Laboratories. He has been
awarded Hilal-i- Imtiaz by the government of Pakistan. He contributed in making Pakistan
a nuclear state.


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