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Controlled Document: CT.Env.

XX [TECHNOTE/Corrosivity of Soils] Version: Draft, Issue Date 9/1/12 Issuing Officer: P G Robinson
New Zealand Accredited Laboratory Member of the New Zealand Association of Consulting Laboratories

Corrosivity of Soils/Groundwater
Testing for construction purposes

Soils which come into contact with construction materials may be corrosive, either to concrete or reinforcing
steel, leading to failure of the structure or necessitating special design considerations.

There are a variety of tests which may be carried out for soil corrosivity., and there are a number of different
Standard Methods which may be used, see list at the end of this Technical Note.

Because of the many possible different test methods, based on Standards from different parts of the world,
Hill Laboratories is offering only a limited number of tests for each analyte. The test methods we have
selected are either the ones found in NZ Standard requirements (eg NZS 3101), or ones which has most
commonly been requested by our clients.

The methods tend to be very labour intensive, and often include difficult preparation steps such as filtering
large volumes of solution in which a finely ground soil has been suspended in an extracting solution which
does not happen quickly or easily, so necessitates at least overnight settling of samples before filtration or
centrifugation. This means it is not possible to process these analyses under Urgent or High Priority.

Results are usually compared (by the client) to a suitable reference eg NZS 3101: Part 1 2006


fnvironmcntaI TcchnicaI Notc

Controlled Document: CT.Env.XX [TECHNOTE/Corrosivity of Soils] Version: Draft, Issue Date 9/1/12 Issuing Officer: P G Robinson
New Zealand Accredited Laboratory Member of the New Zealand Association of Consulting Laboratories
Hill Labs Methods Soils N: Needs 1kg sumpIe minimum,
Sample preparation
Test Description Method Ref Code Price
Drysieve Air dry at 35C in a forced air oven, pass through a 2mm
sieve

Sieve425um Pass the above dried sample through a 425um sieve

Synthetic Precipitation
Leaching Procedure
USEPA 1312 SPLP

Physical tests [NOTE: The commonest tests are shown in blue, bold, italic]
Test Description Method Ref Code Price
pH Sample is air-dried, 2mm sieved. 30 g sample + 75mL DI water
(1:2.5 w:v), mixed, stand at least 8hr. Potentiometric
measurement of pH.
[BS 1377:Part 3:1990 section 9.5] pHBS137
7

Cation Exchange
Capacity


Chemical tests
Test Description Method Ref Code Price
ANC
NAPP
MPA
ANC = Acid Neutralising Capacity
NAPP = Nett Acid Production Potential
MPA = Maximum Potential Acidity
ANC
NAPP
MPA

Carbonate (High
level
titrimetric method)
Sample is air-dried, 2mm sieved. Further ground to sub-425um.
5g + 100mL 1M HCl, stand 1hr, titrate 25mL with 1M NaOH
using screened methyl orange indicator.
BS 1377:Part 3:1990 section 6.3
Chloride Sample is air-dried, 2mm sieved. Further ground to sub-
90um.10g + 200mL DI water, boiled 15 min with stirring.
Settled, then an aliquot taken for potentiometric titration with
silver nitrate. DL 50mg/kg dry wt.
DIN 4030 Part 2, 1991 section 5.3.5 ClDin4030
fnvironmcntaI TcchnicaI Notc

Controlled Document: CT.Env.XX [TECHNOTE/Corrosivity of Soils] Version: Draft, Issue Date 9/1/12 Issuing Officer: P G Robinson
New Zealand Accredited Laboratory Member of the New Zealand Association of Consulting Laboratories


Acid soluble
sulphate
Sample is air-dried, 2mm sieved. Further ground to sub-
425um. 2G + 200mL 10% HCl, boil gently 4-5min. Add
bromine solution, then ammonium hydroxide. Precipitate as
BaSO4. Gravimetric determination. DL 0.1g/100g dry wt
NZS 4402:1986 Part 3, Test 3.2 SO4Tnzs4402
Water soluble
sulphate
Sample is air-dried, 2mm sieved. Further ground to sub-425um.
50g:50mL DI water, ?16hrs, settle, filter or centrifuge. Add
bromine solution, then ammonium hydroxide. Precipitate as
BaSO4. Gravimetric determination. DL 0.1g/100g dry wt
NZS 4402:1986 Part 3, Test 3.2 (Note
1 in NZS)

Water soluble
sulphate
Sample is air-dried, 2mm sieved. Further ground to sub-
425um. 50g:100mL DI water, 16hrs, settle, filter or centrifuge.
Gravimetric as barium sulphate.
BS 1377:Part 3:1990 sections 5.3.3,
5.5
NB: Requires reporting as SO3
!!!!
SO4WSbs1377
Organic matter Walkley Black Oxidation (Dichromate oxidation) has
interferences from sulphides or chlorides. Mass Loss on Ignition
may have positive interferences from some non-organic sources
[BS 1377:Part 3: 1990.
Hill Laboratories has substituted TOC (Total Organic Carbon),
with a calculation to Organic Matter = TPC x 1.72 [Ref???] as
being a more reliable indicator of Organic Content

Baumann Gully
Acidity
Sample is air-dried, 2mm sieved. 100g extracted with200mL 1M
sodium acetate for 1hr. This produces acetic acid which is
titrated with standard NaOH using phenolphthalein indicator
DL 5mL 0.01M NaOH/kg dry wt
DIN 4030 Part 2, 1991 section 5.3.2
(modified for <2mm rather than
<90um sample)
BGAcidity

fnvironmcntaI TcchnicaI Notc

Controlled Document: CT.Env.XX [TECHNOTE/Corrosivity of Soils] Version: Draft, Issue Date 9/1/12 Issuing Officer: P G Robinson
New Zealand Accredited Laboratory Member of the New Zealand Association of Consulting Laboratories

Hill Labs Methods - Groundwaters

Physical tests
Test Description Method Ref Code Price
pH Hydrogen ion concentration, indicator of acidity/basicity
EC Electrical conductivity. Related to dissolved ions eg saltwater



Chemical tests
Test Description Method Ref Code Price
Filtration for Cl, SO4 Filtmg
Chloride Cl
Sulphate SO4
Filtration for Dissolved
Metals
(If not Field Filtered) Filtm
Dissolved magnesium 0.45um filtered sample, ICPMS Mgdt
ICPmin


fnvironmcntaI TcchnicaI Notc

Controlled Document: CT.Env.XX [TECHNOTE/Corrosivity of Soils] Version: Draft, Issue Date 9/1/12 Issuing Officer: P G Robinson
New Zealand Accredited Laboratory Member of the New Zealand Association of Consulting Laboratories

Relevant Standards

BS1377: Part 3: 1990 5.3.2.2 5.3.2.4 [Requires air drying, then sieving through 425um sieve]
Methods of test for Soils for civil engineering purposes. Part 3. Chemical and electro-chemical tests

DIN 4030 Part 2, June 1991 Assessment of water, soil and gases for their aggressiveness to concrete.
Collection and examination of water samples

NZS 3101.1&2:2006
Concrete structures standard - Concrete Structures Standard

NZS 4202 Part 3 1986

BS 8500 (and European Standard BS EN 206-1) Concrete, which links with BRE Special Digest 1

BRE Special Digest 1 Concrete in aggressive ground [UK Building Research Establishment Ltd,
www.bre.co.uk]


Other references
Acid soluble chlorides in concrete
ASTM C1152
AS1012.20
BS1881:124

Acid soluble chlorides in aggregate
AS 1012.20

Water soluble chlorides in aggregate
ASTM C1218
BS EN 1744

Acid soluble sulphates in concrete
AS 1012.20
BS1881:124

Acid soluble sulphates in aggregate
AS 1012.20
BS EN 1744

Water soluble sulphates in aggregate
BS EN 1744

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