1

Geothermal greenhouses
The Dutch case
Low t emper at ur es Hi gh per f or manc e
Agenda
Introduction TNO
Geothermal energy the Earths heat
The current state of geothermal energy worldwide
Being practical: High and low temperature geothermal
energy
High temperature geothermal in Indonesia
Best practices of the Netherlands
Exporting experience: Making geothermal energy p g p g g gy
more effective worldwide
2
Introducing TNOs 5 core areas
TNO Quality of
life
TNO Defence,
Security and
Safety
TNO Built
environment
and Geo-
Sciences
TNO Information
and
Communication
Technology
TNO Science
andTechnology
Geo-Energy and Geo-Information
- Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
- Geothermal Energy
Use of renewable energy sources which emit no (or little) CO2
Using the earths heat
3
What is geothermal energy?
The earths heat =
Radioactive decay of y
elements
Average global geothermal
gradient =30 C/km
Emission Scenarios
By 2050 10% of all renewables is estimated to be covered by geothermal energy (MIT/TNO)
Geothermal can contribute up to 2-3% of total CO
2
emission reduction
4
Heatflow in the continental lithosphere
Ring of fire
MIT-report (2008) EGS can foresee on 10% of electricity demand in 2050
Geothermal Worldwide
Bleiswijk (The Netherlands)
Blue Lagoon (Iceland)
West Ford Flat
(California)
Kamojang,(Indonesia)
Larderello, 1904 (Italy)
5
Geo-sausage
Current Geothermal Energy plants in the world
6
Geothermal Potential World-wide (IGA,2001)
Conversions of power costs into CO
2
reduction costs
Renewable
Technology
Extra
Costs
Coal
(Tonne
Natural Gas
Tonne
Coal
$/Tonne C)
Natural
Gas
Carbon Intensity Displaced Cost of CO2 Reduction
Technology Costs
($/MWh)
(Tonne-
C/MWh)
Tonne-
C/MWh
$/Tonne-C) Gas
$/Tonne-C)
Biomass gasification or
other advanced
biomass
$10.00 0.264 0.090 $37.93 $111.11
Wind $10.00 0.264 0.090 $37.93 $111.11
Geothermal $7 00 0 264 0 090 $26 55 $77 78 Geothermal $7.00 0.264 0.090 $26.55 $77.78
Solar Thermal $47.00 0.264 0.090 $178.28 $522.22
Solar Photo-voltaics $14.00 0.264 0.090 $53.10 $155.56
Treepower (2008)
7
Self-sufficiency and savings
Renewables like geothermal energy allow countries to become
less dependent on fossil fuels
Rising gas and oil prices make geothermal energy economically
viable
In rural areas geothermal allows modern energy services to be
available and creates employment
In urban areas clean energy supply for e.g. city heating/air-
diti i conditioning
European Geothermal Energy Council
EU objectives for 2010
Current trend
EGEC target
8
The geothermal energy family
Summarizing
Geothermal Electricity (high temperature)
Geothermal Heating (low temperature)
High temperature geothermal energy
To generate electricity
The geothermal energy family : High Temperature
Location: West J ava
Surface area:100 km
2
Proved 1926
Production 1983- to date
For instance: Indonesia
Potential: 26000 MW
Currently installed: 1000 MW
Steam production >200 C
200 MWe
Proposed program: 4800 MW;
Generates over 800.000 jobs
Expected benefits 600 mln - 1 bln
based on current price levels
(Bappenas, 2009)
9
The geothermal energy family
High temperature geothermal energy
T t l t i it To generate electricity
However, dont forget:
Low temperature geothermal energy
Direct utilization for e.g. city heating, greenhouses and
food conservation
The geothermal energy family:
Low temperature
Large potential in low-temperature
geothermal energy in the Netherlands
10
Heating greenhouses with geothermal technology
Temperature 60 C
Flow rate 160 m
3
/h
Capacity 4-5 MW
th
Heating 7 ha of tomato
green house
Avoiding 3 million m
3
of
gas per yr
Investment costs
6 mEur
Supplying a neighborhood with geothermal heat
3800 houses
2000 m
2
office space
Cooperating with municipality, housing associations, energy
companies
Realization 2009 - 2011
The Hague South-West g
11
Exporting experience: Making geothermal
energy more effective worldwide
Merging high-temperature
practices with low temperature
possibilities for maximum
efficiency
12
Thank you for your
attention
TNO and geothermal energy
ThermoGis: Database-application that maps the
subsurface for defining potential locations for
geothermal energy and their specific characteristics.
Techno-Economic Performance Analysis tool
(feasibility study)
Geo-mechanic monitoring: subsurface movement, risk g ,
assessment