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Dental Anatomy
Part (1)
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1-Human dentition : 2 sets of dentitions,
-Primary/deciduous
-Secondary/permanent
2- Why do we have to have two sets of teeth .
3-Dental formula such as: I for incisors, C for canines... Etc
4- Quadrants: Tooth-bearing region of the jaw can be divided into 4 quadrants.
Quadrants in permanent dentition have the numbers 1 - 4 and in deciduous have the
numbers 5 8.
5- What do we mean by "notation system". It's tooth numbering or shorthand system of
tooth notation.
6- How to call teeth Three main systems:
-Palmar notation system.
-Universal notation system.
-FDI notation system.
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1- Chronology is the science of time and when we relate it to the teeth development; it
tells us the timing and the sequence for tooth development and eruption.
2- Chronology is important in age estimation when the actual DOB is unknown, in
Forensic and in pediatric dentistry. 3- There are 3 stages for tooth eruption (in sequence):
1- Primary dentition stage: when all teeth are primary. 2- Mixed dentition stage: when
thrs som primry nd othr prmnnt tth.
3- Permanent dentition stage: when only permanent teeth are present.
4- Order of eruption for both the deciduous and permanent dentition and timing. (can be
mmorizd siy from th tbs tht r providd in th Dotors prsnttion)
5- On 3 yrs, w hv stg tht is so d Th funtion diduous tth stg
because the deciduous dentitions are now complete and in full occlusion.
6- Emergence as a word is better used than eruption; because emergence describes the
exact moment and stage of a tooth appearance in the mouth while eruption describes the
full movement process of a tooth.
7- Polymorphisms in emergence sequence: variations in the sequence of the permanent
teeth emergence in children and adolescents.
8- Some people have a reverse sequence. You need to know the percentage of people
who have this from the tables.
9- Times of developmental stages: 1- first evidence of calcification 2- Completion of
crown 3- Occlusal contact with opposing tooth 4- Root completion
10- Approximately at age of 12 years ( 6 months) there will be no deciduous teeth and
the child will have a full permanent dentition. (Permanent dentition stage, lasts for the
rest of life)
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Dental Anatomy Part ( 2)
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1- What do we mean by "polymorphism" : the case where the teeth do not follow the
normal order in eruption,(abnormal eruption sequence ).
2- Stages of human dentition :
A-Edentulous stage : the stage where we do not see any tooth in the mouth (0 - 6
months).
B-Eruption of primary dentition (6 months-2.5 years).
C-Functioning primary dentition (2.5 6 years).
D-Mixed dentition (6 12 years).
E-Permanent dentition (12+ years).
F-Full permanent dentition ((18-25)+ years).
3-Timing of emergence of deciduous/permanent teeth in Jordanians .
4-Findings Timing of permanent tooth emergence among the Jordanians :
A-Mandibular teeth emerge earlier than the corresponding maxillary teeth except
premolars and first molar and that means (the maxillary premolars and first molar erupt
after a short time after the mandibular ones).
B-Permanent teeth emerge earlier in females than in males.
5-Detectable events in tooth development :
A-First evidence of calcification
B-Crown completed C-Tooth emergence,however the Time needed until root completion:
* 2 - 3 years for permanent
* 1 - 1.5 years for deciduous
D-Occlusal contact.
E-Root completion.
6-. Relationship between body mass index and time of emergence of permanent teeth in
Jordanian children and adolescents.
"Permanent tooth emergence tends to be accelerated in children with higher BMI and
delayed in children with lower BMI".
7-Tooth eruption:
Tooth emergence Functional eruption Clinical eruption period Anatomical crown Clinical
crown.
8- Can teeth tell the age?! The difference between (Dental age vs. chronological age)
and (Estimation vs. determination). 9- some means of investigation:
- Clinical examination
- Postmortem examination
- Models
- X-rays (OPG)


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4 mins
# Recall
Dental Anatomy
Part (3)
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1-To describe posterior teeth we use those terms: (cusp ridge vs transverse ridge & oblique
ridge) (development groove vs supplement groove) (triangular fossa vs central fossa) (pit).
2-Each tooth contact with adjunct tooth by "contact area" & constitutes a V shape structure
called "Embrasures' ".
3-The Maxillary central incisor have many functions (cutting, esthetics, speech).
4-Arch trait vs type trait on the central incisors.
5-notes about Incisal relations : importantSome
* class 1 Incisal edge of the lower incisors lies
exactly at the lingual fossa of upper incisor
* class 2 Incisal edge of the lower incisors lies
posterior at the lingual fossa of upper incisor
* class 3 Incisal edge of the lower incisors lies
anterior at the lingual fossa of upper incisor
* Overbite ( vertical overlap )
* Overjet ( horizontal overlap )
[Note]: normal distance of overbite and overjet is from 2 to 3 mm
* Reverse Overjet ( negative ve horizontal overlap ) (Ex: -2 or -3 mm
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Dental Anatomy
Part (4)
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1- The lower permanent canines erupted before the upper ones, also it's very important
for piercing of food.
2- The permanent canines have the longest, thickest roots and the only cusped teeth
without occlusal surface.
3- The crown of maxillary canine is larger than the mandibular canine in the same
dentition.
4- A lingual pit and/or grooves are common features in the maxillary canine while there
are no lingual pits or grooves in the mandibular canine.
5- There is marked asymmetry of the mesial and distal halves of the crown from the
incisal aspect in the maxillary canine while they are more symmetrical in the mandibular
canine.
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Dental Anatomy
Part (5)
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1- When the trait is present as an elevation this is called positive expression ,And when it
present as a reduction it is called negative expression , When the trait is not present it's
called smooth surface or absence of the trait .
2- The cusp system on third molar !
a- The most common pattern we find only three cusps.
b- Sometime four cusp.
c-In very rare situation we find two cusp one buccal & one lingual.
3- The mandibular 1st molar have three fosse!
a-Mesial triangular fossa.
b-Distal triangular fossa.
c-Central fossa.
4- As we go from 1st to 3rd molar the roots become closer to each other and more
distally inclined !
5-In maxillary 3rd molar , Lingual cusp is the biggest one then MB then DB which is the
smallest one.

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Dental Anatomy
Part (6) and Final one ..
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1- In mandibular 2nd molar we only have one buccal groove not two like in the
mandibular 1st molar.
2- The crown of the mandibular 2nd molar is rectangular and we have four cusps of equal
size, this tooth is a typical tooth.
3- In the first molar we have two canals but in the second mandible molar in 90% of the
cases we have two canals in the mesial root and in 40% of the cases we have two canals
in the distal root.
4- We have many set trait to distinguish between deciduous teeth and permanent teeth,
For example: the size of the tooth, the color, the height and the width of the crown.
5- The root of deciduous molars are more slender and longer & more bowed & flared
outward.

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