Handover Algorithm Complete and Detailed

Huawei Handover Algorithm
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

(GSM BSS)
6/05/2009
Table of Contents
1 Overview............................................................................. 7
1.1 Background Introduction.................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Introduction to the Principles of Handover Algorithms ................................................... 7
1.2.1 Procedures Related to Handover Algorithms ................................................................... 7
1.2.2 MR Processing .................................................................................................................8
1.3 Handover Decision Algorithms ...................................................................................... 11
1.3.1 High-Speed Railway Fast Handover .............................................................................. 11
1.3.2 Emergency Handover .....................................................................................................12
1.3.3 Enhanced Dual-Band Handover .....................................................................................12
1.3.4 Load Handover ...............................................................................................................12
1.3.5 Normal Handover ........................................................................................................... 12
1.3.6 No Downlink Measurement Report Handover ...............................................................15
1.3.7 Penalty Processing..........................................................................................................16
1.3.8 Triggering Conditions of Penalty ................................................................................... 18
1.3.9 Penalty Processing..........................................................................................................18
1.3.10 Basic Queuing ................................................................................................................ 19
1.3.11 Network Characteristics Adjustment .............................................................................. 23
1.3.12 Forced Handover ............................................................................................................27
1.3.13 Handover Decision.........................................................................................................28
1.3.14 Emergency Handover .....................................................................................................28
1.3.15 TA Handover ..................................................................................................................28
1.3.16 Interference Handover ....................................................................................................30
1.3.17 Quick Level Drop Handover ..........................................................................................32
1.3.18 Bad Quality Handover....................................................................................................34
1.3.19 Load Handover...............................................................................................................37
1.3.20 Normal Handover ........................................................................................................... 39
1.3.21 Edge Handover ...............................................................................................................40
1.3.22 Fast-Moving Micro-to-Macro Cell Handover................................................................ 42
1.3.23 Hierarchical Handover ................................................................................................... 44
1.3.24 PBGT Handover .............................................................................................................45
1.3.25 Concentric Cell Handover .............................................................................................. 49
1.3.26 Normal Concentric Cell Algorithm ................................................................................ 49
1.3.27 Enhanced Concentric Cell Algorithm.............................................................................49
1.3.28 AMR Handover .............................................................................................................. 53
1.3.29 Handover from TCHF to TCHH ....................................................................................54
1.3.30 Handover form TCHH to TCHF ....................................................................................54
1.3.31 Better 3G Cell Handover ................................................................................................ 55
1.3.32 Directed Retry ................................................................................................................ 57
1.3.33 Handover in Single-Signaling /SDCCH State................................................................ 57
1.3.34 Handover Implementation.............................................................................................. 57
2 Parameters Involved in the Algorithms................................... 58
2.1 Parameters detail description..........................................................................................58
2.1.1 Co-BSC/MSC Adj ..........................................................................................................58
2.1.2 SDCCH HOAllowed .....................................................................................................58
2.1.3 Penalty Allowed .............................................................................................................59
2.1.4 MS Power Prediction after HO.......................................................................................59
2.1.5 Power Level for Direct Try ............................................................................................60
2.1.6 Allowed MR Number Lost .............................................................................................60
2.1.7 RscPenaltyTimer ............................................................................................................61
2.1.8 UmPenaltyTimer ............................................................................................................61
2.1.9 CfgPenaltyTimer ............................................................................................................61
2.1.10 MR Preprocessing ..........................................................................................................62
2.1.11 Transfer Original MR.....................................................................................................62
2.1.12 Transfer BS/MS Power Class ......................................................................................... 63
2.1.13 Sent Freq of Preprocessed MR.......................................................................................63
2.1.14 Report Type ....................................................................................................................64
2.1.15 DtxMeasUsed................................................................................................................. 64
2.1.16 Allowed MR Number Lost .............................................................................................65
2.1.17 Filter Length for SDCCH Level .....................................................................................65
2.1.18 Filter Length for TCH Level ..........................................................................................65
2.1.19 Filter Length for SDCCH Qual ...................................................................................... 66
2.1.20 Filter Length for TCH Qual............................................................................................66
2.1.21 Filter Length for TA .......................................................................................................67
2.1.22 Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV ................................................................................... 67
2.1.23 Penalty Level after TAHO .............................................................................................68
2.1.24 Penalty Time after TA HO(s) ..........................................................................................68
2.1.25 Penalty Level after BQ HO............................................................................................69
2.1.26 Penalty Time after BQ HO (s) ........................................................................................ 69
2.1.27 Penalty Level after HO Fail............................................................................................70
2.1.28 Penalty Time after HO Fail(s) ........................................................................................ 70
2.1.29 Penalty on MS Fast Moving HO ....................................................................................71
2.1.30 Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO..................................................................................71
2.1.31 Quick Handover Punish Value........................................................................................ 72
2.1.32 Quick Handover Punish Time ........................................................................................ 72
2.1.33 Inter-BSC SDCCH HOAllowed....................................................................................72
2.1.34 Min DL Level on Candidate Cell ................................................................................... 73
2.1.35 HOCdCellMinUpPwr .....................................................................................................73
2.1.36 Min Access Level Offset ................................................................................................ 74
2.1.37 K Bias .............................................................................................................................74
2.1.38 UTRAN Cell Type..........................................................................................................75
2.1.39 FDD REP QUANT.........................................................................................................75
2.1.40 Min RSCP Threshold .....................................................................................................76
2.1.41 Min Ec/No Threshold .....................................................................................................76
2.1.42 RSCPOff......................................................................................................................... 77
2.1.43 EcNoOff ......................................................................................................................... 77
2.1.44 Inter-layer HO Threshold ...............................................................................................77
2.1.45 Inter-layer HO Hysteresis...............................................................................................78
2.1.46 Inter-cell Handover Hysteresis .......................................................................................78
2.1.47 Min Interval for TCH Hos.............................................................................................. 79
2.1.48 Min Interval for SDCCH Hos ........................................................................................ 79
2.1.49 Min Interval for Consecutive Hos ..................................................................................80
2.1.50 Min Interval for Emerg Hos ........................................................................................... 80
2.1.51 MS Fast-moving Time Threshold................................................................................... 81
2.1.52 Max Consecutive HO Times ..........................................................................................81
2.1.53 Forbidden Time after Max Times ................................................................................... 82
2.1.54 Interval for Consecutive HO Jud. ................................................................................... 82
2.1.55 DtxMeasUsed................................................................................................................. 83
2.1.56 Max Resend Times of Phy Info...................................................................................... 83
2.1.57 T3105 (10ms) ................................................................................................................. 84
2.1.58 No Dl Mr. HOAllowed ..................................................................................................85
2.1.59 Cons. No Dl Mr. HOAllowed Limit .............................................................................. 85
2.1.60 No Dl Mr. Ul Qual HO Limit ......................................................................................... 86
2.1.61 TA HOAllowed.............................................................................................................. 87
2.1.62 TAThreshold ..................................................................................................................87
2.1.63 Interference HOAllowed ...............................................................................................87
2.1.64 RXQUAL1 .....................................................................................................................88
2.1.65 RXQUAL2 .....................................................................................................................88
2.1.66 RXQUAL3 .....................................................................................................................88
2.1.67 RXQUAL4 .....................................................................................................................89
2.1.68 RXQUAL5 .....................................................................................................................89
2.1.69 RXQUAL6 .....................................................................................................................90
2.1.70 RXQUAL7 .....................................................................................................................90
2.1.71 RXQUAL8 .....................................................................................................................90
2.1.72 RXQUAL9 .....................................................................................................................91
2.1.73 RXQUAL10 ................................................................................................................... 91
2.1.74 RXQUAL11 ................................................................................................................... 92
2.1.75 RXQUAL12 ................................................................................................................... 92
2.1.76 RXLEVOff .....................................................................................................................92
2.1.77 Intracell HOAllowed .....................................................................................................93
2.1.78 Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed......................................................................................... 93
2.1.79 Filter Parameter A1A8..................................................................................................93
2.1.80 Filter Parameter B ..........................................................................................................94
2.1.81 BQ HOAllowed .............................................................................................................94
2.1.82 DLQuaLimitAMRFR .....................................................................................................95
2.1.83 ULQuaLimitAMRFR .....................................................................................................95
2.1.84 DLQuaLimitAMRHR ....................................................................................................95
2.1.85 ULQuaLimitAMRHR ....................................................................................................96
2.1.86 DL Qual. Threshold ........................................................................................................ 96
2.1.87 UL Qual. Threshold ........................................................................................................ 97
2.1.88 BQ HO Margin...............................................................................................................97
2.1.89 Load HO Allowed ..........................................................................................................97
2.1.90 System Flux Threshold for Load HO .............................................................................98
2.1.91 Load HO Threshold........................................................................................................ 98
2.1.92 Load HO Step Period .....................................................................................................99
2.1.93 Load HO Step Level .......................................................................................................99
2.1.94 Load HO Bandwidth .................................................................................................... 100
2.1.95 Load Req. on Candidate Cell ....................................................................................... 100
2.1.96 Edge HO Allowed ........................................................................................................ 101
2.1.97 Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold................................................................................ 101
2.1.98 Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold................................................................................ 101
2.1.99 Edge HO Watch Time(s) .............................................................................................. 102
2.1.100 Edge HO Valid Time (s) ............................................................................................... 102
2.1.101 NC Edge HO Watch Time(s) ........................................................................................ 103
2.1.102 NC Edge HO Valid Time (s)......................................................................................... 103
2.1.103 MS Fast Moving HOAllowed...................................................................................... 103
2.1.104 MS Fast-moving Watch Cells....................................................................................... 104
2.1.105 MS Fast-moving Valid Cells ........................................................................................ 104
2.1.106 PBGT HOAllowed ...................................................................................................... 105
2.1.107 PBGT HO Threshold.................................................................................................... 105
2.1.108 PBGT Watch Time (s) .................................................................................................. 106
2.1.109 PBGT Valid Time (s) .................................................................................................... 106
2.1.110 Intracell F-H HOAllowed............................................................................................ 106
2.1.111 Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO Fails(s)............................................................ 107
2.1.112 F2H HO th.................................................................................................................... 107
2.1.113 H2F HO th.................................................................................................................... 108
2.1.114 Intracell F-H HO State Time (s) ................................................................................... 108
2.1.115 Intracell F-H HO State Time (s) ................................................................................... 108
2.1.116 Outgoing-RAT HO Allowed......................................................................................... 109
2.1.117 Better 3G Cell HOAllowed ......................................................................................... 109
2.1.118 TDD Better 3G Cell HOAllowed ................................................................................ 110
2.1.119 RSCP Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO ................................................................... 110
2.1.120 TDD RSCP Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO .......................................................... 110
2.1.121 Ec/No Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO................................................................... 111
2.1.122 3G Better Cell HO Valid Time ..................................................................................... 111
2.1.123 3G Better Cell HO Watch Time.................................................................................... 112
2.1.124 TDD 3G Better Cell HO Valid Time ............................................................................ 112
2.1.125 TDD 3G Better Cell HO Watch Time........................................................................... 113
2.1.126 Inter-RAT HO Preference............................................................................................. 113
2.1.127 Inter-RAT HO Preference............................................................................................. 114
2.1.128 TDD Inter-RAT HO Preference.................................................................................... 114
2.1.129 HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell .......................................................................... 115
2.1.130 TDD HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell................................................................. 116
1 Overview
1.1 Background Introduction
The service area of the GSM is composed of the cells with continuous coverage. To enable the
users in move to communicate without interruption and to optimize the network performance, the
handover technique is introduced to the GSM system.
The handover in the GSM system involves the following entities: Mobile Station (MS), Base Station
Subsystem (BSS), and Mobile Switching Center (MSC). The MS and BTS in service measure the
uplink and downlink radio links respectively, assemble the measurement results into measurement
reports (MRs), and then send the MRs to the BSC. The handover algorithms in the BSC decide
whether to initiate handovers based on the measurement results and the actual network
performance. The algorithms also decide in which way to process the handover.
This document describes the technical aspects of handover in Huawei BSC6000 V900R008 in
terms of algorithm principles, applications, and parameters.
1.2 Introduction to the Principles of Handover Algorithms
1.2.1 Procedures Related to Handover Algorithms
The handover algorithms of the GSM system function in the following phases: measurement and
production of the MRs, MR processing, handover algorithm decision, and handover execution.
The measurement and the production of the MRs are performed by the MS and
BTS. The MS measures and reports the downlink signal level of GSM cells,
signal quality, and TA, whereas the BTS measures and reports the receive signal
level of the MS and its quality.
The MR processing is performed by the BSC (the BTS can perform the task if the
processing functionality is assigned to the BTS). The BSC performs basic
functions such as filtering and interpolation. The processed MRs are the basic
inputs for the handover algorithms and serve as the basis for the handover
algorithms taking decisions. The BSC select neighbor cells based on the
BCCH/BSIC information in the downlink MRs. The cells with the same
BCCH/BSIC information are removed with only one neighbor cell is retained. If a
neighbor cell is not found with respect to BCCH/BSIC, you can infer that the
neighbor cell is illegal, and thus the measurement values are not processed.
The handover algorithms evaluate the candidate cells based on the factors such
as radio signal quality, MS speed, traffic load, and requirements from the telecom
operator, and then determine the target cells.
After the target cells are determined, the handover execution part performs
signaling interaction and handles the handover failures, rollback, or other
exceptions and, if necessary, forwards the result to the handover decision
module and tries other candidate cells.
The following figure shows the procedures related to GSM handover algorithms.
Procedures related to handover algorithms
MS entering connection
state
Measurement and
production of MRs
MR processing
Algorithms making
handover decision
Handover execution
MS entering new
connection state
Figure1
1.2.2 MR Processing
The MR processing involves interpolation processing and filtering processing. The processing
procedure of the MRs is as follows:
Processing procedure of the MRs
Start (processes
MR)
MR Preprocessing enabled?
End
UL/DL DTX once enabled?
TCH measurement of
the serving cell
(SUBSET scheme)
MR serial number
continuous?
Performs linear interpolation
of the MRs and then insert
latest MR value
End
No
Yes
No
Insert latest MR
values
Number of lost MRs
(serving cell) is less than
the value of Allowed MR
Number Lost?
Discard former MR
values and insert latest
MR values
Number of valid
buffered MRs smaller
than values of the filter
length parameters?
Yes
No
Filtering processing
of MRs
Filter length parameters:
Filter Length for SDCCH Level
Filter Length for TCH Level
Filter Length for SDCCH Qual
Filter Length for TCH Qual
Filter Length for TA
Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV
Filter Length for SDCCH MEAN_BEP
Filter Length for TCH MEAN_BEP
Filter Length for SDCCH CV_BEP
Filter Length for TCH CV_BEP
Filter Length for SDCCH REP_QUANT
Filter Length for TCH REP_QUANT
Filter Length for SDCCH NBR_RCVD_BLOCK
Filter Length for TCH NBR_RCVD_BLOCK
Specifies the contents to be
reported and the period to
provide the preprocessing
report based on the
configuration parameters
Configuration parameters
of pre-processed MRs:
Enhanced MR?
Interpretation of
normal MR
Interpretation of
enhanced MR
MR type:
Enhanced MR and normal
MR
Yes
DtxMeasUsed is set to TRUE?
No Yes
UL/DL DTX enabled?
Switch for controlling the value
determination method of MR:
DtxMeasUsed
Allowed MR Number Lost
Yes
Yes No
No
No
No
Yes
TCH measurement of
the serving cell
(FULLSET scheme)
Yes
TCH measurement of
the serving celll
(SUBSET scheme)
TCH measurement of
the serving cell
(FULLSET scheme)
MR Preprocessing
Transfer Original MR
Transfer BS/MS Power Class
Sent Freq of Preprocessed MR
The processing of the MRs involves interpolation processing and filtering processing. The
processing can be performed either on the BSC side or on the BTS side. In the BSC6000 LMT, set
MR Preprocessing to Yes, then you can set the parameters Transfer Original MR, Transfer
BS/MS Power Class, and Sent Freq of Preprocessed MR. These parameters specify the
contents of the MRs to be provided and the period during which the MRs are provided. In this way,
the signaling throughput on the Abis interface and the CPU usage of the BSC can be decreased.
If the BTS reports the measurement result information, then the information is processed according
to the interpolation and filtering procedures.
If the BTS reports the pre-processed measurement result information, then the information is used
for handover decision directly. Note if the pre-processed MRs result contains the original MRs, then
uplink link interpolation is performed.
Selection of the MR Data
Two types of MRs are available: enhanced MR and normal MR.
The enhanced MR is a new downlink MR, reported by the MS. Compared with the normal MR,
some new measurements are added, such as BER, FER, and so on. The enhanced MR provides
the measurement information of up to 15 neighbor GSM/WCDMA cells, whereas the normal MR
provides the measurement information of 6 neighbor GSM cells at most.
In the MR, the TCH measurement of the serving cell is classified into FULLSET and SUBSET. The
FULLSET measures the TCH channels (signal receive level and quality), whereas the SUBSET
measures the channels in DTX mode (signal receive level and quality). The MRs provided by the
MS and BTS indicate whether the DTX scheme is adopted.
If DtxMeasUsed is set to TRUE, then the FULLSET or SUBSET values should be taken according
to the DTX indication bit in the MR. That is, if the MR indicates that DTX is used, then the SUBSET
values should be selected; otherwise, the FULLSET values should be selected.
If DtxMeasUsed is set to FALSE and the MR indicates that DTX is not used, the FULLSET values
should be taken; if the MR indicates that DTX is used, then the SUBSET values should be taken. In
the latter case, the SUBSET values should be used irrespective how DTX is indicated in the MR.
Interpolation Processing of the MRs
If the latest two received MR are not continuous, that is, their serial numbers are not consecutive,
then apply the interpolation as follows:
For the serving cell, when the number of lost MRs is less than the value of
Allowed MR Number Lost, then the linear interpolation of the MRs must be
performed.
For a neighbor cell, the worst interpolation value in accordance with protocols
should be applied for the lost signal level measurement values; that is, level 0
(-110 dBm) should be applied. For the neighbor cell with low signal level and the
MR not provided, the worst interpolation value is also applicable.
If the number of lost MRs is greater than the value of Allowed MR Number Lost, then the previous
measurement values should be discarded and the recalculation should be performed on receipt of
the MRs.
The interpolation scheme applies to the following objects:
Uplink TCHs of the serving cell: RXLEV, RXQUAL, and RQI
Downlink TCHs of the serving cell: RXLEV and RXQUAL
MRs of the serving cell that contain the information of TA
Downlink transmit power of the serving cell: Poff_DL
Receive level of the downlink BCCHs of neighbor GSM cells: RXLEV
Downlink CPICH, RSCP, and Ec/No of neighbor 3G cells
Filtering Processing of MRs
After the MRs requiring interpolation are interpolated, if the number of buffered valid MRs is smaller
than the filter length (the filters correspond to different measurement objects, signaling channel, or
traffic channel), then the filtering is not applied.
The averaging should be applied to the filtering processing. Parameters with different filter lengths
should be used during filtering on the basis of the measured values and type of the channel being
occupied. The parameter Filter length for TCH Level applied to the filtering of the downlink
transmit power of the serving cell.
The filtering scheme applies to the following objects:
Uplink TCHs of the serving cell: RXLEV, RXQUAL, and RQI
Downlink TCHs of the serving cell: RXLEV and RXQUAL
MRs of the serving cell that contain the information of TA (optional)
Downlink transmit power of the serving cell
Receive level of the downlink BCCHs of neighbor GSM cells: RXLEV
Downlink CPICH, RSCP, and Ec/No of neighbor 3G cells
1.3 Handover Decision Algorithms
After MRs are processed, the handover decision procedure starts. This procedure involves the
actions related to initial access, including handover protection, penalty, 16-bit queuing, forced
handover, handover decision making, processing of target 2G/3G cells, and initiation of continuous
handover.
Five types of handovers are available in terms of the triggering conditions: high-speed railway fast
handover, emergency handover, enhanced dual-band network handover, load handover, and
normal handover.
1.3.1 High-Speed Railway Fast Handover
This handover algorithm applies mainly to railway areas. The algorithm is designed in accordance
with the railway features, and thus can guarantee precision and reliable handover along the railway.
High-speed railway fast handover consists of frequency offset handover and fast PBGT handover.
1.3.2 Emergency Handover
To maintain the conversations in emergent situations (risk of calls being dropped), the handover
conditions could be less evaluated to enable the handover decision procedure being executed
quickly and the overall handover delay being shortened. As the handover conditions are evaluated
in less degree, the emergency handover algorithm produces greater error in evaluating the target
cell than that produced by other handover algorithms. In normal network operation, frequent
emergency handovers should be avoided.
Emergency handovers consist of TA handover, interference handover, quick level drop handover,
bad quality handover, no downlink measurement report handover.
1.3.3 Enhanced Dual-Band Handover
In a dual-band network, the resources in the overlaid 1800M subcell and underlaid 900M subcell
can be shared during the assignment and handover procedures. That is, the calls in the high-traffic
900M subcell can be moved to the low-traffic 1800M subcell to achieve traffic balance.
1.3.4 Load Handover
In the coverage area where several cells are neighbors to each other, the traffic might be distributed
unevenly, causing one cell or several cells being congested or blocked while the neighbor cells still
having available free channels for use. In such case, load handover is applied. Through load
handover, some calls, especially those on the edge of the high-traffic cells are moved to the
neighbor cells with low traffic volume.
The main disadvantage of load handover is that the target cells are not selected in close to the
serving cell, which is preferred in network planning. Therefore, inter-cell interference increases and
ping-pong reselection occurs. Even the ping-pong symptom can be mitigated with the introduction
of the penalty scheme, it is still unavoidable.
1.3.5 Normal Handover
Normal handover is generally used in maintaining continuous conversations. Normal handover
consists of the following types in terms of handover target and handover principles: edge handover,
fast movement handover for microcell, hierarchical handover, PGBT handover, concentric handover,
AMR handover, better 3G cell handover, and tight BCCH handover.
The 2G-to-3G handovers supported at present include TA handover, BQ handover, quick level drop
handover, interference handover, and edge handover. The handover algorithms determine whether
there are eligible neighbor 2G cells first; if there are eligible neighbor 2G cells, the following
decisions are taken according to the 2G cell list and 3G cell list:
If Inter-RAT HO Preference is set to Pre_2G_Cell and there are no eligible
neighbor 2G cells but with eligible neighbor 3G cells, then a 3G cell is preferred;
otherwise, a 2G cell is selected.
If Inter-RAT HO Preference is set to Pre_3G_Cell, then a 3G cell is preferred.
If Inter-RAT HO Preference is set to Pre_2G_CellThres and there are no
eligible neighbor 2G cells but with eligible neighbor 3G cells, then a 3G cell is
preferred; a 3G cell is also preferred if the receive level of the first candidate 2G
cell is lower than the value of HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell.
Additionally, in the 3G better cell handover (2G-to-3G handover), if Better 3G Cell HO Allowed is
set to Yes, then a 3G cell is preferred.
The following figure shows procedure for the handover decision algorithms.
Procedure for the handover decision algorithms
Start
Interpolation and filtering
processing of MRs
No downlink MR
handover decision-taking
Protection of
minimum handover
interval triggered?
HOInterTimer
protection triggered for
consecutive handover
interval?
HOInitTimer protection triggered for
minimum handover interval at initial
access phase
HOInitTimer:
Min Interval for TCH Hos
Min Interval for SDCCH Hos
SDCCH HO Allowed
Penalty
processing
Basic queuing of
candidate cells
Network characteristics
tuning for candidate cells
Forced handover processing
Other handover
decision-takings
HOInterTimer:
Min Interval for Consecutive Hos
Determines target
handover cell based
on 2G/3GHOOPtSel
and 2GOrdThres
Starts consecutive
handover protection
timer: HOInterTimer
End
High-speed railway fast
handover decision-taking
TA handover decision
Interference handover
decision
Rapid level drop
handover decision
Emergency handover
Min Interval for
Emerg Hos triggered
Enhanced dual-band
handover decision
Load handover decision
Edge handover decision
Hierarchical
handover decision
PBGT handover
decision
Concentric
handover decision
Normal handover
AMR handover decision
Better 3G cell
handover decision
Tight BCCH
handover decision
2G/3GHOOPtSe:
FDD: Inter-RAT HO Preference
TDD: TDD Inter-RAT HO Preference
2GOrdThres:
FDD: HO Preference Threshold
for 2G Cell
TDD: TDD HO Preference
Threshold for 2G Cell
End
Yes
Yes
No
No
Fast-moving microcell
handover decision
Bad quality handover
decision
1.3.6 No Downlink Measurement Report Handover
When the Um interface degrades, the MS might fail to send the downlink MRs due to bad uplink
quality, while it can still receive downlink signals because the downlink quality is acceptable. In such
emergent situations, the network initiates the handover and moves the MS to a neighbor cell to
avoid the call being dropped. The following figure shows the procedure for the handover decision:
No downlink measurement report handover procedure
No Dl Mr. HO Allowed is
set to Yes?
At least one downlink MR is reported?
Number of consecutive lost
MRs <= value of Cons. No
Dl Mr. HO Allowed Limit?
Number of valid uplink MRs with
quality value >= value of
Filter Length for SDCCH/TCH Qual?
No downlink MRs in the
available MRs?
Uplink quality after filtering >= value
of No Dl Mr. Ul Qual HO Limit?
Only one eligible candidate cell is available?
The candidate cell is the serving
cell?
Consecutive intracell handover
prohibited?
If the serving cell belongs to the
candidate cells, the serving cell
should be removed.
Start
No
Yes
Filter lengths for signal quality:
Filter Length for SDCCH Qual
Filter Length for TCH Level
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Intracell HO Allowed is set to Yes?
Forbidden Time after Max Times
End
No downlink
measurement report
handover is triggered.
No
No
The handover decision is triggered if the following conditions are met:
No Dl Mr. HO Allowed is set to Yes.
The number of lost MRs is smaller than the value of Cons. No Dl Mr. HO Allowed
Limit.
There are no downlink measurement values available in the current MR.
For TCH, the number of saved MRs with uplink receive quality value is greater than
the value of Filter Length for TCH Qual; for SDCCH, the number of saved MRs
with uplink receive quality value is greater than the value of Filter Length for
SDCCH Qual.
Filtered uplink receive quality value >= value of the No Dl Mr. Ul Qual HO Limit
1.3.7 Penalty Processing
To avoid the occurrence of ping-pong reselection from different handovers, the penalty mechanism
is introduced to the handovers such as TA handover, UL/DL BQ handover, fast-moving
micro-to-macro cell handover, and concentric cell handover.
Procedure for penalty processing
Penalty processing
procedure starts
Penalty applied to all
2G candidate cells is
completed?
End
No
The TA penalty timer
for the neighbor cell
has not expired?
No
Yes
Yes
Acutal signal level of the
neighbor cell = measured signal
level of the neighbor cell -
ucSSTAPunish
Penalty applied to all
3G candidate cells is
completed?
This is the neighbor cell to
which the latest handover
fails. The handover failure
penalty timer has not expired?
No Yes
No
Yes
ucSSTAPunish
:
Penalty Level after TA HO
TA penalty duration:
Penalty Time after TA HO(s)
ucSSBQPunish:
Penalty Level after BQ HO
BQ penalty duration:
Penalty Time after BQ HO
ucFailSigStrPunish:
Penalty Level after HO Fail
Handover failure penalty duration:
Penalty Time after HO Fail
ucSpeedPunish:
Penalty on MS Fast Moving HO
Speed penalty duration:
Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO
ucQuickHoPunishValue:
Quick Handover Punish Value
Frequency offset handover
penalty duration:
Quick Handover Punish Time
ucFailSigStrPunish:
Penalty Level after HO Fail
Handover failure penalty duration:
Penalty Time after HO Fail (s)
After frequency offset
handover succeeds, the
penalty timer for the old cell
has not expired.
No
Yes
The BQ penalty timer
for the neighbor cell
has not expired?
No
Yes
This is the neighbor cell to which
the latest handover fails. The
handover failure penalty timer
has not expired?
No
Yes
After fast movement handover
succeeds, the speed penalty
timer for the old cell has not
expired.
No
Yes
Acutal signal level of the neighbor
cell = measured signal level of the
neighbor cell - ucSSBQPunish
Acutal signal level of the neighbor
cell = measured signal level of the
neighbor cell - ucFailSigStrPunish
Actual signal level of the neighbor
cell= measured signal level of the
neighbor cell - ucSpeedPunish.
Actual signal level of the
neighbor cell= measured
signal level of the neighbor
cell - ucFailSigStrPunish
Actual signal level of the neighbor
cell= measured signal level of the
neighbor cell -
ucQuickHoPunishValue
1.3.8 Triggering Conditions of Penalty
Provided that the periodic MRs are received, the penalty should be introduced when the latest
handover succeeds or fails and the penalty procedure should start before the penalty timer expires.
The penalty scheme applies to the following situations:
An emergency handover caused by higher TA value succeeds;
An emergency handover caused by bad uplink quality succeeds;
An emergency handover caused by bad downlink quality succeeds;
Penalty after handover fails, including the handovers to 2G cells and the handovers to
3G cells
Penalty on the microcell from which a fast-moving MS is handed over to the
macrocell;
A high-speed railway fast handover succeeds;
An overlaid-to-underlaid handover succeeds;
An overlaid-to-underlaid handover or underlaid-to-overlaid handover fails;
1.3.9 Penalty Processing
After the latest emergency handover is triggered due to higher TA value, the TA
penalty timer is started, the duration being Penalty Time after TA HO(s). If the
emergency handover succeeds, then the MS in the target cell (serving cell) shall
queue, within the penalty duration, the neighbor cells among which the actual
receive level of the old cell should be subtracted with the value of Penalty Level
after TA HO. This enables the queuing priority of the old cell to be decreased. If
the emergency handover fails, then the MS in the current serving cell shall queue,
within the penalty duration, the neighbor cells among which the actual receive
level of the target cell should be subtracted with the value of Penalty Level after
TA HO. This enables the queuing priority of the target cell to be decreased and
thus avoids unnecessary handover and handover failures.
After the latest UL/DL bad quality emergency handover (after an interference
handover is triggered, the cause value is bad quality handover) or outgoing MSC
forced handover is triggered, the bad quality penalty timer is started, the duration
being Penalty Time after BQ HO (s). The MS in the target cell (serving cell) shall
queue, within the penalty duration, the neighbor cells among which the actual
receive level of the old cell should be subtracted with the value of Penalty Level
after BQ HO. This enables the queuing priority of the old cell to be decreased
and thus avoids ping-pong handovers.
After the latest handover to a neighbor 2G or 3G cell fails, the 2G/3G handover
penalty timer is started, the duration being Penalty Time after HO Fail(s). The
MS in the serving cell shall queue, within the penalty duration, the neighbor cells
among which the actual receive level of the target cell should be subtracted with
the value of Penalty Level after HO Fail. This enables the queuing priority of the
target cell to be decreased and avoids further handover failures.
If the serving cell belongs to the highest layer (layer 4) defined by Cell Layer, and the
cause for the previous handover is fast-moving, then the speed penalty timer for
the neighbor cells is started, the duration being Penalty Time on Fast Moving
HO. The MS in the serving cell shall queue, within the penalty duration, the
non-layer 4 neighbor cells whose actual receive level should be subtracted with
the value of Penalty on MS Fast Moving HO. This enables the queuing priority
of the target cell to be decreased and avoids handovers to microcells (non-layer 4
neighbor cells).
If the latest handover is a high-speed railway fast handover, then the penalty timer is
started, the duration being Quick Handover Punish Time. The MS in the target
cell (serving cell) shall queue, within the penalty duration, the neighbor cells
among which the actual receive level of the old cell should be subtracted with the
Quick Handover Punish Value. This enables the queuing priority of the old cell to
be decreased and avoids ping-pong handover.
If the latest overlaid-to-underlaid handover is triggered, then the penalty timer is
started, the duration being Penalty Time of UtoO HO(s). Within the penalty
duration, the MS is not allowed to be handed over to the overlaid subcell. For the
enhanced dual-band network, if the overlaid-to-underlaid handover is trigged with
normal handover cause or OtoU handover cause, then the penalty timer is
started, the duration being Inn Out Cell HO Penalty Time. Within the penalty
duration, the underlaid-to-overlaid handover is not allowed.
If the latest overlaid-to-underlaid or underlaid-to-overlaid handover fails, then the
handover failure penalty timer is started, the duration being Penalty Time after
OtoU HO Fails(s)/Penalty Time after UtoO HO Fails(s). Within the penalty
duration, the overlaid-to-underlaid or underlaid-to-overlaid handover is not
allowed.
1.3.10 Basic Queuing
The purpose of basic queuing is to produce the candidate cell list with the following information
taken into account: neighbor cell information after penalty processing, parameters contained in the
MRs, such as the signal level of the serving cell and neighbor cells, hysteresis, usage of TCHs in
the neighbor cells, and so on.
The basic queuing module functions in accordance with the M criterion and K criterion.
Processing procedure for the M criterion
Processing of M
criterion starts.
Inter-BSC SDCCH HO
Allowed is set to Yes?
Remove this cell from
the candidate cell list.
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
This is a BSC external cell.
The occupied channel is a
SDCCH?
No
Yes
Direct retry?
No
No
Whether the cell is
overloaded? If so, remove
the cell from the candidate
cell list.
Downlink signal level of the candidate cell
< HOCdCellMinDwPwr + MCriteriaOffset?
Remove the cell
from the candidate
cell list.
Uplink signal level of the candidate cell <
HOCdCellMinUpPwr + MCriteriaOffset)
No
M criterion decision-
taking of 3G cells:
FDD 3G cell or TDD 3G cell?
UtranCellType=FDD
UtranCellType= TDD
TDD neighbor cell
supports only RSCP.
Take FDD MR
values.
0 (RSCP) 1 (Ec/No)
Penalized
measurement value
< MinRSCPThres
Penalized
measurement value
< MinEcNoThres
Yes
Yes
Remove the 3G
cell from the
candidate cell list.
No
Decision-taking of all 2G
candidate cells is completed?
No
End
No
No
Inter-BSC SDCCH HO
Allowed:
This parameter specifies
whether inter-BSC SDCCH is
allowed.
HOCdCellMinDwPwr:
Min DL Level on Candidate Cell
HOCdCellMinUpPwr:
Min UL Level on Candidate Cell
MCriteriaOffset:
Min Access Level Offset
UTRAN Cell Type:
whether the 3G cell is of
FDD or of TDD. 0 means
FDD and 1 TDD.
FDD REP QUAN:
which scheme does the
MR use: Ec/No or RSCP.
MinRSCPThres:
Min RSCP Threshold
MinEcNoThres:
Min Ec/No Threshold
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
M criterion decision-taking of
all 3G candidate cells is
completed?
M criterion: The neighbor cells that do not meet conditions such as receive level
threshold and cell load level are removed from the candidate cell list.
In non-direct retry situation, if an MS in a BSC external cell occupies an
SDCCH and the Inter-BSC SDCCH HO Allowed is set to No, then the cell
should be removed from the candidate cell list; that is, the handover to the
BSC external cell is prohibited.
If the cell is overflowed, then the cell should be removed from the candidate
cell list, and thus the handover to the cell is prohibited.
If the downlink receive level (RXLEV, after filtering and penalty) of a 2G cell is
lower than the sum of Min DL Level on Candidate Cell and Min Access
Level Offset, then the 2G cell should be removed from the candidate cell list;
that is, the handover to this neighbor cell is prohibited. The parameters Min
DL Level on Candidate Cell and Min Access Level Offset apply only to
neighbor cell configuration. For the serving cell, Min Access Level Offset is
permanently set to 0.
If the uplink receive level (RXLEV, after filtering and penalty) of a 2G cell is
lower than the sum of Min UL Level on Candidate Cell and Min Access
Level Offset, then the 2G cell should be removed from the candidate cell list;
that is, the handover to this cell is prohibited. The parameters Min UL Level
on Candidate Cell and Min Access Level Offset apply only to neighbor cell
configuration. For the serving cell, Min Access Level Offset is permanently
set to 0.
For 3G cells, distinguish between FDD cells and TDD cells first. For an FDD
cell, indicate whether the Ec/No or RSCP is used for the MR according to FDD
REP QUANT; if the RSCP value is used, then the cell should be removed from
the candidate cell list when the penalized RSCP value is lower than the value
of Min RSCP Threshold; if the Ec/No value is used, then the cell should be
removed from the candidate cell list when the penalized Ec/No value is lower
than the value of Min Ec/No Threshold. For a TDD cell, only the RSCP value
can be reported. In this case, the cell should be removed from the candidate
cell list when the penalized RSCP value is lower than the value of Min RSCP
Threshold.
K criterion: The K values of each cell are computed. Then, the cells are queued in
descending order according to their K values. A greater K value means that the
signal level in the cell is better.
Processing procedure for the K criterion
Queue the 3G cells based on
the measurement values and
update the priority levels of the
neighbor cells
Processing of K
criterion starts.
The K values of all
2G candidate cells
are computed?
End
No
3G cell type
judgement
This is the serving
cell?
The K value of the
serving cell is 0.
Yes
No
UtranCellType= FDD UtranCellType= TDD
Take FDD MR
values.
0 (RSCP) 1 (Ec/No)
TDD neighbor cell
supports only RSCP.
Yes
UTRAN Cell Type:
whether the 3G cell is of
FDD or of TDD. 0 means
FDD and 1 TDD.
FDD REP QUAN:
which scheme does the MR
use: Ec/No or RSCP.
RSCPOff: RSCP Offset
EcNoOff: Ec/No Offset
No
Yes
K value of the neighbor cell =
BCCH signal level of the neighbor cell
after filtering - compensated signal
level of the serving cell - KIAS
Performs popup queuing of the
2G candidate cells based on K
values and updates the priority
levels of the candidate cells.
The K values of all 3G
candidate cells are
computed?
Measurement value of the
neighbor cell =
measured value of the
neighbor cell - RSCPOff
Measurement value of the
neighbor cell = measured
value of the neighbor cell -
EcNoOff
KIAS:
1. For a BSC internal neighbor cell,
KIAS = K Bias
2. For a BSC external neighbor cell,
KIAS = 0
The K value of the serving cell is 0.
For a neighbor 2G cell, K = BCCH signal level of the neighbor cell after filtering
TCH signal level of the neighbor cell after filtering KIAS;
For a neighbor 3G cell, distinguish between Ec/No and RSCP in the MR first; if
the RSCP value is used, then actual measurement value in the neighbor cell =
original measurement value in the neighbor cell RSCP Offset; if the Ec/No
value is used, then actual measurement value in the neighbor cell = original
measurement value in the neighbor cell Ec/No Offset. Update the priority
levels of the neighbor 3G cells based on the measurement values.
1.3.11 Network Characteristics Adjustment
The network characteristics adjustment refers to the 16-bit queuing for the candidate cells. Error!
Reference source not found. describes the format of 16-bit queuing.
After the basic cell queuing, priority adjustment is performed on the candidate cells to define the
comprehensive priority of each candidate cell. The priority adjustment is based on the receive
signals, receive quality, cell load, inter-layer handover threshold, layer-level difference,
co-BSC/co-MSC/co-MNC or not for the serving cell and the neighbor cell, and the timeslot extension
type. After the priority adjustment, the cell queuing is performed again.
In the 16-bit queuing, bit 1 (LSB) has the lowest weight and bit 16 (MSB) has the highest weight.The
value of the 16 bits indicates the cell priority. A low value of the 16 bits indicates a high cell priority.
A cell with a high cell priority has great chance of being the target cell for a handover.
Network characteristic adjustment procedure
Start network
characteristics
adjustment
Network characteristics adjustment for all the
neighbor 2G cells complete?
End
NO
YES
Load bit adjustment
System load < SYSFLOWLEV AND
Load HO Allowed is YES?
SYSFLOWLEV: System Flux
Threshold for Load HO
ucLoadHoEn: Load HO Allowed
NO
YES
Serving cell or not?
YES
Load of serving cell > =
TrigThres
TrigThres: Load HO Threshold
AccThres: Load Req. on
Candidate Cell
YES
Load bit of serving
cell set to 1
NO
Load bit of serving
cell set to 0
NO
Load of neighbor cell > =
AccThres
YES NO
Load bit of neighbor
cell set to 1
Load bit of neighbor
cell set to 0
Co-BSC or not?
YES
NO
Co-MSC or not?
YES NO
Different BSC: BIT 12
set to 1
Different MSC: BIT 13
set to 1
YES NO
DL RXLEV of the serving cell < ucLevThr -
ucLevHyst
YES NO
Serving cell: BIT 14
set to 1
BIT 5-13 set to 0
DL RXLEV of the neighbor cell <
ucLevThr + ucLevHyst
YES NO
Neighbor cell: BIT 14
set to 1
BIT 5-13 set to 0
YES NO
Serving cell: BIT 4 set
to 0 permanently
RX level of neighbor cell < RX level of serving
cell + ucInterCellHyst
YES NO
Neighbor cell: BIT
4 set to 1
Neighbor cell: BIT
4 set to 0
Cell queuing based on the 16-bit
value. A high 16-bit value indicates a
low cell priority.
Priority queuing for
neighbor 3G cells
ucInterLevHoThres: Inter-layer HO
Threshold
ucLevHoHyst: Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis
ucInterCellHyst: Inter-cell HO
Hysteresis
ucCoBscMscAdjEn: Co-BSC/MSC
Adj
Co-BSC/MSC adjustment allowed?
YES NO
Bits 1-3: Indicates the priority of the DL receive level (on the TCH or BCCH) of a cell.
The priority is based on the queue arranged by K in the basic queuing. A high
value of K indicates a small value of bits 1-3, which means a high priority.
Bit 4: Set to 0 permanently for the serving cell. Set to 0 for the neighbor cell if the
following formula is applied. Otherwise, Bit 4 is set to 1 for the neighbor cell.
_ _
_
i f i s f
SS H SS DL >
In this formula,
SSi_f indicates the BCCH receive level in the neighbor cell i after filtering.
H
i
indicates Inter-cell HO Hysteresis, the hysteresis configured for the neighbor cell i.
SS_DL
s_f
indicates the receive level of the downlink TCH in the serving cell after filtering.
Bits 5-10: Indicates the layer attribute and level attribute of a cell. Bits 9-10 indicate
layer attribute and bits 5-8 indicate level attribute. The mapping formula is as
follows:
16
layer_level layer level
P P P = +
In this formula,
Player_level indicates the comprehensive priority on the layer and level basis after
the mapping. The corresponding bits are bits 5-10 with the value range 0 to 63.
Player indicates the layer attribute of the neighbor cell or serving cell with the value
range 0 to 3.
Plevel indicates the level attribute of the neighbor cell or serving cell with the value
range 0 to 15.
Bit 11: Indicates the cell load weighting. If the system load is higher than System Flux
Threshold for Load HO, or if Load HO Allowed is disabled, then bit 11 is set to
the default value.
The formula is different for the serving cell and neighbor cell.
Serving cell: Set to 0 if the following formula is applied. Otherwise, Bit 11 is set to
1.
_ s s l
L T <
In this formula,
Ls indicates the current load of the serving cell.
Ts_l indicates Load HO Threshold of the service cell.
Neighbor cell: Set to 0 if the following formula is applied. Otherwise, Bit 11 is set
to 1.
_ i i l
L T <
In this formula,
L
i
indicates the current load of the neighbor cell i.
Ti_l indicates Load Req. on Candidate Cell of the neighbor cell.
5. Bit 12: If Co-BSC/MSC Adj is set to YES, bit 12 indicates the high priority of the
neighbor cells that share the BSC with the serving cell. Bit 12 is set to 0 for the
neighbor cells that share the BSC with the serving cell.
Bit 13: If Co-BSC/MSC Adj is set to YES, bit 13 indicates the high priority of the
neighbor cells that share the MSC with the serving cell. Bit 13 is set to 0 for the
neighbor cells that share the MSC with the serving cell.
Bit 14: Indicates whether a candidate cell is better than the serving cell. If the
candidate cell is better, load and hierarchy should be taken into account. The
formula is different for the serving cell and neighbor cell.
Serving cell: Set to 0 if the following formula is applied. Otherwise, set to 1.
_
_
s f layer layer
SS DL T H > (0.1)
In this formula,
SS_DL
s_f
indicates the DL receive level on the TCH of the serving cell after
filtering.
T
layer
indicates Inter-layer HO Threshold.
Hlayer indicates Inter-layer HO Hysteresis.
Neighbor cell: Set to 0 if the following formula is applied. Otherwise, set to 1.
_f layer layer i
SS T H > (0.2)
In this formula,
SSi _f indicates the receive level on the BCCH of the neighbor cell after filtering.
Tlayer indicates Inter-layer HO Threshold of the neighbor cell.
H
layer
indicates Inter-layer HO Hysteresis of the neighbor cell.
If bit 14 is set to 1 (for either serving cell or neighbor cell), then bits 5-13 are set to
0. That is, the factors such as hierarchy, load, and co-BSC/co-MSC are not taken
into account if bit 14 is set to 1. In this case, only the DL receive level and
hysteresis are taken into account.
Bits 15-16: reserved
1.3.12 Forced Handover
If the forced handover is triggered, the subsequent handover decision is not performed. Purpose of
the forced handover: If no TCH is available in the serving cell during the MS access process, the
direct retry procedure is performed when Direct Retry is set to YES. When BTS maintenance is
performed, the users under control of the related BTS should be handed over to the cells controlled
by a functional BTS to ensure that no call drops occur during BTS maintenance. According to the
background forced handover type, the ineligible cells in the candidate cell list are removed. The
forced handover is categorized into four types, namely, inter-cell handover (direct retry), inter-site
handover, inter-BSC handover, and specified cell list handover.
1.3.13 Handover Decision
The handover decision is categorized into five types, namely, high-speed railway fast handover,
emergency handover, enhanced dual-band handover, load handover, and normal handover. The
emergency handover is of five types, which are TA handover, bad quality (UL/DL) handover, quick
level drop handover, interference handover, and no downlink measurement report handover. The
normal handover is of the following types: edge handover, hierarchical handover, PBGT handover,
concentric cell handover, AMR handover, and better 3G cell handover.
Each handover algorithm consists of two parts. One is to decide whether the serving cell meets the
triggering conditions, and the other is to select the candidate cells.-{}-
A list of 2G or 3G candidate cells is generated based on the parameter Inter-RAT HO Preference.
The parameter is set to Pre_2G_Cell: A 2G cell in the 2G candidate cell list is
preferred as the target cell.
The parameter is set to Pre_3G_Cell: A 3G cell in the 3G candidate cell list is
preferred as the target cell.
The parameter is set to Pre_2G_CellThres: If the receive level of the first
candidate cell in the 2G candidate cell list is equal to or smaller than HO
Preference Threshold for 2G Cell, a 3G cell is preferred as the target cell.
Otherwise, a 2G cell is preferred as the target cell.
1.3.14 Emergency Handover
When any of the following emergency handover decision meets the emergency handover conditions
(number of candidate cells not zero), the emergency handover timer is started. The duration of the
timer is defined by Min Interval for Emerg Hos. Another emergency handover can be decided only
when the timer expires.
1.3.15 TA Handover
When TA HO Allowed is set to Yes and the neighbor cells are not in emergency handover penalty
state, based on the MR and serving cell attributes after the basic queuing, the TA handover decision
is made according to the following rule:
The filtered TA value of the serving cell >= value of TA Threshold.
If the TA decision is allowed, the candidate cell selection is performed.
The serving cell is removed.
If the handover is triggered because the TA is too high, the co-site neighbor cells
that meet the following conditions are removed:
TA Threshold of the neighbor cell <= TA Threshold of the serving cell
If the TA handover decision is allowed but the number of 2G candidate cells is
zero, then:
If a 3G neighbor cell is available and if the system parameter (Outgoing-RAT HO
Allowed) and the MS capability support the 2G->3G handover, the 2G->3G
handover is performed directly.
If no eligible neighbor 3G cell available or if the 2G -> 3G handover is not allowed
because of the system parameter configuration and the MS capability, then the
subsequent decision on another emergency handover type is performed.
If the TA handover decision is not allowed, then the subsequent decision on
another emergency handover type is performed.
The following figure shows the procedure for the TA handover decision.
Procedure for the TAhandover decision
s_TA: filtered TA of the serving cell
TAlimit: TA Threshold
SYS_HO: Outgoing-RAT HO
Allowed
Start
Whether a 2G/3G candidate cell
exists?
NO
YES
TA_HO YES or NO?
NO
s_TA>=TAlimit?
YES
End
NO
YES
Whether a 2G candidate cell
exists?
NO
Eligible 2G target cell
exists?
YES
NO
SYS_HO is YES, a neighbor 3G
cell exists, and MS supports inter-
RAT handover?
End
NO
YES
YES
TA_HO: TA HO Allowed
TA handover
initiation
Inter-RAT
handover
YES
YES
NO
NO
Candidate cell
queue traverse
A co-site neighbor cell of which TA
Threshold <= TA Threshold of the serving
cell?
1.3.16 Interference Handover
If the TA handover conditions are not met, Interference HO Allowed is set to YES, and if the
neighbor cells are not in emergency handover penalty state, the uplink/downlink interference
handover decision is made according to the following rules:
Filtered uplink/downlink receive quality measurement in the serving cell >= A
The A of the AMR call and non-AMR call corresponds to different parameters:
AMR call: A is RXQUAL1 (n=1); RXQUALn + RXLEVOff (2n12)
Non-AMR call: A is RXQUALn (1n12)
If the uplink/downlink interference handover decision is allowed and if the number
of 2G candidate cells is not zero, then the candidate cell selection is performed.
If Intracell HO Allowed is set to YES and if the intra-cell handover penalty timer
expires (when a certain number of consecutive intra-cell handovers occur, the
timer Forbidden Time after Max Times (s) starts to forbid the intra-cell
handover), then the serving cell can be the target cell. Otherwise, the serving cell
is removed.
The candidate neighbor cell (not the serving cell) must meet the following
conditions:
Receive level on the BCCH of the neighbor cell after filtering and penalty >= Inter-layer HO
Threshold + Inter-layer HO Hysteresis of the neighbor cell
The following figure shows the procedure for the interference handover decision.
Procedure for the interference handover decision
Allowed
Start
exists?
NO
YES
Interfere_HO is YES?
NO
sULQual or sDLQual >= A?
YES
End
NO
sULQual or sDLQual: UL or DL RX quality of the
serving cell
A:
1. For a non-AMR call, A is RXQUAL1-12.
2. For an AMR call, A is RXQUAL1-12 +
RXLEVOff.
exists?
NO
exists?
YES
NO
SYS_HO is YES, a neighbor 3G cell
exists, and MS supports inter-RAT
handover?
YES
YES
End
NO
Interfere_HO: Interference HO
Allowed
YES
Intra_HO: Intracell HO Allowed
Inter-RAT
handover
ucLev: RXLEV on the BCCH of the
neighbor cell
ucLevThr: Inter-layer HO Threshold of
the neighbor cell
ucLevHyst: Inter-layer HO Hysteresis of
the neighbor cell
Interference
handover initiation
Intra_HO is YES and the
cell is not in penalty state?
NO
YES
ucLev>=ucLevThr+
ucLevHyst?
NO
YES
YES
Candidate cell
queue traverse
NO
1.3.17 Quick Level Drop Handover
If the TA/interference handover conditions are not met, Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed is set to YES,
and if the neighbor cells are not in emergency handover penalty state, the quick level drop handover
decision is made according to the following rules. The level values in this decision are not filtered.
If the MR used for handover decision is a pre-processed MR, then the flag bit in
the MR is used for handover decision directly.
If the MR is not pre-processed, then
SS_ULs_fm_f<-B AND
_
_
s_interp_1 border ul
SS UL T <
In this formula,
SS_UL
s_interp_1
indicates the receive level on the latest uplink TCH of the serving cell.
T
border_ul
indicates Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold.
B indicates Filter Parameter B.
SS_ULs_fm_f is equal to original uplink receive level x Filter Parameter A1-A8.
If the quick level drop handover decision is allowed and if the number of 2G
candidate cells is not zero, then the candidate cell selection is performed.
The 2G neighbor cell of which the 16-bit value is smaller than that of the serving
cell.
If the quick level drop handover decision is allowed but the number of 2G
candidate cells is zero:
If there is an available 3G neighbor cell, and if the system parameter
(Outgoing-RAT HO Allowed) and the MS capability support the 2G -> 3G
handover, then the 2G-> 3G handover is performed directly.
If the quick level drop handover decision is not allowed, then the subsequent
decision on another emergency handover type is performed.
The following figure shows the procedure for the quick level drop handover decision.
Procedure for the quick level drop handover
Start
exists?
NO
YES
QuickFall_HO is YES?
NO
SS_ULs_fm_f<-B AND
SS_ULs_interp_1<Tborder_ul?
YES
End
NO
exists?
YES
Priority of the 2G candidate cell
higher than the serving cell?
YES NO
handover?
NO
YES
End
NO
YES
Inter-RAT
handover
Quick level drop
handover initiation
Candidate cell queue
traverse
NO
YES
MR<AvailNum OR
AvailNum=0?
YES
NO
MR: number of measurement
reports obtained
AvailNum: number of available
filter parameters in Filter
Parameter A1A8
SS_ULs_fm_f: Original uplink receive
level x Filter Parameter A1-A8
B: Filter Parameter B
SS_ULs_interp_1: the receive level
on the latest uplink TCH of the
serving cell.
Tborder_ul: Edge HO UL RX_LEV
Threshold
QuickFall_HO: Rx_Level_Drop
HO Allowed
Allowed
1.3.18 Bad Quality Handover
If the TA/interference/quick level drop handover conditions are not met, BQ HO Allowed is set to
YES, and if the neighbor cells are not in emergency handover penalty state, the bad quality (BQ)
handover decision is made according to the following rules:
Filtered uplink receive quality of the serving cell >= UL Qual. Threshold OR
Filtered downlink receive quality of the serving cell >= DL Qual. Threshold
For an AMR call, the parameters ULQuaLimitAMRFR/DLQuaLimitAMRFR and
ULQuaLimitAMRHR/DLQuaLimitAMRHR are used for handover decision.
If the BQ handover decision is allowed, the candidate cell selection is performed.
If the candidate cells include the neighbor cells except the serving cell, and if the
neighbor cells meet the following formula:
Filtered RXLEV_DL of the neighbor cell after penalty > Filtered RXLEV_DL of the serving cell +
Inter-cell Handover Hysteresis of the serving cell configured for the neighbor cell BQ HO Margin,
then the outgoing cell handover procedure is preferred.
If the number of candidate cells is 1, then the above condition for the neighbor cell is
unnecessary.
If the neighbor cells do not meet the above condition or if the candidate cell list
includes only the available serving cell, and if Intracell HO Allowed is set to
YES and the serving cell is not in intra-cell handover penalty state, then the
candidate cell list keeps only the serving cell. The assignment strategy is different
frequency bands, different frequencies set, different TRXs, and different timeslots
(assignment priority: different frequency bands > different frequencies set >
different TRXs > different timeslots).
If the BQ decision is allowed but the number of candidate cells is zero:
If there is an available 3G neighbor cell, and if the system parameter
(Outgoing-RAT HO Allowed) and the MS capability support the 2G -> 3G
handover, then the 2G-> 3G handover is performed directly.
If the BQ handover decision is not allowed, then the subsequent decision on
another emergency handover type is performed.
The following figure shows the procedure for the BQ handover decision.
Procedure for the BQ handover decision
Start
exists?
NO
YES
BQ_HO is YES?
NO
sULQual>=ULQuaLimit OR
sDLQual>DLQuaLimit?
YES
End
NO
sULQual/sDLQual: UL/DL RX quality of the
serving cell
ULQuaLimit/DLQuaLimit:
1.UL/DL Qual. Threshold for a non-AMR
call
2.ULQuaLimitAMRFR/
DLQuaLimitAMRFR for an AMR FR call
3.ULQuaLimitAMRHR/
DLQuaLimitAMRHR for an AMR HR call
exists?
NO
exists?
YES NO
handover?
YES
YES
End
NO
BQ_HO: BQ HO Allowed
YES
Inter-RAT
handover
Allowed
ucLev: filtered DL RXLEV of the neighbor
cell
sLev: DL RXLEV of the serving cell (after
power control)
InterCellHyst: Inter-cell Handover
Hysteresis
BQMargin: BQ HO Margin
traverse
ucLev-sLev
>InterCellHyst-
BQMargin?
Intra_HO is YES and the
candidate cell is not in
penalty state?
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES YES
Intra_HO: Intracell HO Allowed
BQ emergency
handover to the
neighbor cell is
initiated preferentially.
1.3.19 Load Handover
The load handover is only for the 2G handover and cannot be used for 2G -> 3G
handover.The load handover decision is not performed even if the system load is
higher than System Flux Threshold for Load HO.
When the emergency handover and enhanced dual-band network handover are not
triggered and when Load Handover Allowed is set to YES, the load handover
decision is made according to the following rules:
The load handover is allowed only when the CPU usage of the
current system is smaller than or equal to System Flux Threshold
for Load HO.
Current load of the serving cell >= value of Load HO Threshold
If the load handover decision is allowed, the hierarchical load
handover is performed. The calculation formula of the load
handover strip is as follows:
1
T
A Step
Period
| |
= +
|
\ .
In this formula,
A is the width of the handover strip.
T is the timer of the load handover.
Period is Load HO Step Period (s).
Step is Load HO Step Level.
A cannot exceed the value of Load HO Bandwidth.
Power control compensation. The filtered downlink RXLEV on the
TCH of the serving cell is compensated.
s_f_comp s_f s_f
_ _ 2 SS DL SS DL Poff_DL =
In this formula,
SS_DL
s_f_comp
is the compensated RXLEV on the downlink TCH.
SS_DL
s_f
is the filtered RXLEV on the downlink TCH.
Poff_DLs_f is the power offset of the BTS transmit power compared with the
maximum transmit power on the downlink TCH after filtering. The offset level is 2 dB.
The system assigns the MS to different load handover strips based
on the downlink RX level so that the call is handed over out of the
cell step by step.
Page 38
s_f_comp
ClsHoStart _ ClsHoStart +A SS DL < <
In this formula,
ClsHoStart indicates Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold, which is the start of the
handover strip.
A is the handover strip using the above formula.
If the load handover strip decision formula is applied, the candidate
cell selection is performed.
The serving cell and external cell are removed.
The candidate cell must meet the following formula:
_f layer layer i
SS T H >
In this formula,
SS
i_f
indicates the receive level on the downlink BCCH after filtering and penalty in
the neighbor cell.
T
layer
indicates Inter-layer HO Threshold.
H
layer
indicates Inter-layer HO Hysteresis.
The load of a candidate cell must meet the following formula:
i Tload Li _ <
In this formula,
Li indicates the current load of the neighbor cell i.
Tload_i indicates Load Req. on Candidate Cell of the neighbor cell i.
If the load handover decision is not allowed, then the subsequent
decision on another handover type is performed.
The following figure shows the procedure for the load handover decision.
Page 39
Procedure for the load handover decision
Start
Whether a neighbor 2G
cell exists?
NO
Load_HO is YES?
System flow
SysFlowLev
NO
Load_HO: Load Handover
Allowed
SysFlowLev: System Flux
Threshold for Load HO
NO
Load of serving cell
LoadTrigThres
LoadTrigThres: Load HO
Threshold
NO
Timer of load handover
started?
A(T/Period+1)*Step
A: width of the load handover strip
T: timer of the load handover
Period: Load HO Step Period
Step: Load HO Step Level
Offset: Load HO Bandwidth
Start the
timer
ClsHoStart<SS_DLs_f_comp
<ClsHoStart+A
NO ClsHoStart: Edge HO DL RX_LEV
Threshold
SS_DLs_f_comp: RXLEV of the
serving cell after power control
compensation
traverse
Remove the co-group
cell of the enhanced
dual-band network cell
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
SSi_f >= Tlayer+Hlayer AND
load of neighbor cell < Tload_i?
SSi_f: BCCH RXLEV of the neighbor cell
after filtering
Tlayer: Inter-layer HO Threshold of the
neighbor cell
Hlayer: Inter-layer HO Hysteresis of the
neighbor cell
Tload_i: Load Req. on Candidate Cell
Internal neighbor cell
of the BSC?
exists?
YES
Load handover
initiation
NO
SSi_f >=Tlayer+ Hlayer?
YES
NO
YES YES
NO
NO
End
Timer expires?
NO
YES
AOffset
1.3.20 Normal Handover
Page 40
1.3.21 Edge Handover
If Fringe HO Allowed is set to Yes, the edge handover is allowed. If none of the
high-speed railway fast handover, emergency handover, enhanced dual-band
network handover, and load handover is triggered, the edge handover may be
triggered when all the following conditions are met:
Measured value of signal strength on the uplink TCH after filtering < value of Edge
HO UL RX_LEV Threshold; Measured value of signal strength on the downlink TCH
after filtering < value of Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold
According to the P/N criterion, if N reports out of the latest P MRs
meet the previous formulas, the uplink/downlink edge handover is
triggered and the candidate cells are selected.
Remove the serving cell from the candidate cell list
Remove the neighbor cell whose 16-bit sequence number is
greater than the 16-bit sequence number of the serving cell. If
the sequence number is small, the priority of the cell is high.
The neighbor cells should meet the P/N (Edge HO Valid Time
(s)/Edge HO Watch Time (s) criterion.
If the edge handover decision is allowed but the number of
candidate 2G cells is zero, then:
If a neighbor 3G cell is available, the 2G -> 3G handover is
performed directly when the system parameter Outgoing-RAT
HO Allowed is set to Yes and the MS supports the 2G -> 3G
handover.
If no neighbor 3G cell is available, or if the system parameter
configuration and the MS do not support the 2G -> 3G handover,
then the subsequent handover decision is performed.
The following figure shows the procedure for the edge handover decision.
Page 41
Procedure for the edge handover decision
Is Fringe HO Allowed set to
Yes?
For neighbor cell whose 16-bit
priority level is higher than serving cell,
update edge handover counter
Update UL level
bad counter
UL receive level < Edge HO UL
RX_LEV Threshold?
Yes
Yes
End No
Bad UL level meets P/N
criterion?
Update DL level
bad counter
DL receive level < Edge HO DL
RX_LEV Threshold?
Yes
Bad DL level meets P/N
criterion?
No
No
No
Do candidate 2G
neighbor cells exist?
Yes
No
End No
Trigger edge
handover
Fast-moving micro cell
handover decision
Whether to trigger fast-moving
micro-macro cell handover?
Yes
Trigger fast-moving
micro-macro cell
handover
Yes
Filter candidate neighbor cells
(edge handover counter for
candidate cells meets P/N
criterion
No
Trigger outgoing
RAT handover
Start (MR input)
N: Edge HO Watch Time(s)
P: Edge HO Valid Time (s)
Do candidate 3G neighbor cells exist
and is Outgoing-RAT HO Allowed
set to Yes?
Yes
End
No
Do candidate
cells exist?
Yes
No
Yes
Page 42
1.3.22 Fast-Moving Micro-to-Macro Cell Handover
If MS Fast Moving HO Allowed is set to Yes, the fast-moving micro-to-macro cell
handover is allowed. The fast-moving micro-to-macro cell handover is mainly
applicable to the high-speed environment, such as highways. In the handover, two
layers of network coverage are involved: micro cell and macro cell.
If none of the high-speed railway fast handover, emergency handover, enhanced
dual-band network handover, load handover, and edge handover is triggered, the
fast-moving micro-to-macro cell handover decision is performed when the triggering
conditions of edge handover or PBGT handover are met. The decision conditions are
as follows:
If the duration for an MS to stay in the serving cell is less than the value
of MS Fast-moving Time Threshold (s) (the time threshold is
calculated based on the cell radius (r) and the velocity (v), that is, 2r/v),
the number of fast-moving cells for the MS is calculated once.
The MS travels across a number of cells (the number is specified
by MS Fast-moving Watch Cells) in sequence. Among these
cells, a small number of cells (the number is specified by MS
Fast-moving Valid Cells) are of fast movement.
If the decision conditions are met and if the number of candidate
2G cells is not zero, then the candidate cells are selected.
Penalty processing should be applied to neighbor cells
between the M sorting and the K sorting (see the section
involving basic sorting).
The target cell is a macro cell. In other words, the level of
the cell is 4.
The candidate neighbor cells (not the serving cell) must
meet the following:
Receive level of the BCCH in neighbor cells after filtering and penalty value of
Inter-layer HO Threshold + value of Inter-layer HO Hysteresis
The neighbor cells have the smallest 16-bit sequence number.
The following figure shows the procedure for the fast-moving micro-to-macro cell
handover decision.
Page 43
Procedure for the fast-moving micro-to-macro cell handover decision
Is MS Fast Moving
HO Allowed set to
Yes?
End
Start
(MR input)
Is optimum neighbor
cell the serving cell?
Yes
Update fast
movement counter
Is neither optimum neighbor
cell nor serving cell the level-
4 cell?
Is optimum neighbor cell
the source cell of the
previous handover?
Is fast movement timer
timed out?
Meet P/N criterion for fast
movement ?
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Trigger fast
movement
handover
Yes
Yes
Yes
Choose a level-4 cell
that meets Inter-layer HO
Level Threshold
Does an elegible
level-4 cell exist?
Yes
No
No
The fast movement timer is used to
monitor the number of edge
handovers and PBGT handovers
within TI_QUICKPASS after MS
enters the cell. If the number of
handovers meets the P/N criterion,
the MS is in fast-moving state.
P: MS Fast-moving Valid Cells
N: MS Fast-moving Watch Cells
Page 44
1.3.23 Hierarchical Handover
If Level HO Allowed is set to Yes, the inter-layer handover is allowed. To enable the
handover between different priorities of cells at the same layer, you also need to set
this parameter to Yes. If none of the high-speed railway fast handover, emergency
handover, enhanced dual-band network handover, load handover, edge handover,
and fast-moving micro-to-macro cell handover is triggered, the hierarchical handover
may be triggered if all the following conditions are met:
The priority level of the neighbor cell is higher than the serving cell.
The receive level of the BCCH in neighbor cell i after filtering meets the following
formula:
_f layer layer i
SS T H >
Where,
SSi_f indicates the receive level of the BCCH in the neighbor cell after filtering and
penalty.
Tlayer indicates Inter-layer HO Threshold.
Hlayer indicates Inter-layer HO Hysteresis.
The 16-bit sequence number of the neighbor cell is smaller than
that of the serving cell. If the sequence number is small, the priority
of the cell is high.
If all these conditions are met during the period specified by Layer HO Valid Time(s)
within the latest Layer HO Watch Time(s), that is, if the P/N criterion is met, then the
hierarchical handover is triggered.
The following figure shows the procedure for the hierarchical handover decision.
Page 45
Procedure for the hierarchical handover decision
Start (MR input)
16-bit sequence number of
neighbor cell < that of serving
cell?
SSi_f>Tlayer+Hlayer and
priority of neighbor cell <
priority of serving cell?
Yes
Meet P/N
criterion?
SSi_f: Receive level of BCCH in
neighbor cell after filtering
Tlayer: Inter-layer HO Threshold
Hlayer: Inter-layer HO Hysteresis
No
No
No
Whether the neighbor cell meets all
previous conditions within N out of P
P:Layer HO Valid Time(s)
N: Layer HO Watch Time(s)
Next neighbor
cell decision
Yes
Yes
Do candidate
cells exist?
Inter-layer
handover
allowed?
No
No
Yes
Yes
End
Trigger
hierarchical handover
If Level HO Allowed set to Yes, inter-
layer handover is allowed.
1.3.24 PBGT Handover
If PBGT HO Allowed is set to Yes, the PBGT handover is allowed. If none of the
high-speed railway fast handover, emergency handover, enhanced dual-band
network handover, load handover, edge handover, fast-moving micro-to-macro cell
Page 46
handover, and hierarchical handover is triggered, the PBGT handover (to the
neighbor cell with small path loss) may be triggered if all the following conditions are
met:
The neighbor cell (not the serving cell) has the same hierarchy as
the serving cell at the same layer.
For the neighbor cell, the following formula is met within the period
specified by PBGT Valid Time(s) out of the period specified by
PBGT Watch Time(s).
( ) ( ) _ _ _ _
_ _ 2
i f s f s_f ms i ms s
SS DL SS DL Poff_DL P P Margin ( + >

Where,
SS_DLs_f indicates the receive level of the downlink TCH in the serving cell after
filtering.
SS_DLi_f indicates the receive level of the BCCH in neighbor cell i after filtering and
penalty.
Poff_DLs_f indicates the offset of the transmit power of the BTS on the downlink after
the filtering in the serving cell to the maximum transmit power on the TCH. The step is
2 dB.
Pms_i indicates the maximum transmit power of the MS in neighbor cell i. It is related
to the frequency band for neighbor cell i. Generally, GSM900/850, GSM1800, and
GSM1900 correspond to different transmit power.
Pms_s indicates the maximum transmit power of the MS in the serving cell. It is related
to the frequency band for the serving cell. Generally, GSM900/850, GSM1800, and
GSM1900 correspond to different transmit power.
Margin indicates the hysteresis to avoid ping-pong handovers. Accordingly, the
PBGT HO Threshold parameter can be configured to mean that the PBGT handover
to the neighbor cell is performed when the sum of the downlink level of neighbor cell
and the downlink level of the serving cell is greater than the value of PBGT HO
Threshold. When the value is smaller than 64, it indicates that the handover to the
neighbor cell whose level is lower than the serving cell can be performed.
The PBGT handover is triggered if the previous conditions are met and if the number
Page 47
of candidate 2G cells is not zero. The candidate cells are the neighbor cells with the
smallest 16-bit sequence number.
The following figure shows the procedure for the PBGT handover decision.
Page 48
Procedure for the PBGT handover decision
PBGT HO Allowed set to
End
Start (MR input)
N: PBGT Watch Time
P: PBGT Valid Time
Signaling
channel?
Yes
Yes
Is serving cell the enhanced dual-band network cell
and do neighbor cell and serving cell
belong to the same cell group?
candidate cell lower than
that of serving cell?
Candidate cell and
Neighbor cell PBGT
Fast-moving
micro-macro cell
handover
decision
Whether to trigger fast-
moving micro-macro cell
handover?
Traverse all candidate
No
Traverse next neighbor cell
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Trigger fast-moving
micro-macro cell
handover
Yes
No
Trigger PBGT
handover
[SS_DLi_f -(SS_DLs_f +Poff_DLs_f 2)]
- (Pms_i - Pms_s) > Margin
Update PBGT
counter
Yes
No
Meet conditons for PBGT handover
from enhanced dual-band cell to same
Yes
Yes No
No
Traverse
complete
Yes?
neighbor cells
group cell?
16-bit priority level of
serving cell have same
priority?
meets P/N criterion?
Conditions of PBGT handover from enhanced
dual-band network cell to same group cell:
1) If MS in overlaid subcell and Out Cell
Load HO To Inn Cell Enable set to No
2) If MS in underlaid subcell and Out Cell
Load HO To Inn Cell Enable set to No
and enhanced dual-band network
overlaid-underlaid subcells handover
penalty timer timed out or not started
Cell priority determined
by Layer of the Cell and
Cell Priority
SS_DLi_f: DL level of neighbor cell
SS_DLs_f: DL level of serving cell
Poff_DLs_f: BTS maximum TX power offset
Pms_i: MS maximum TX power in neighbor cell
Pms_s: MS maximum TX power in serving cell
Margin: PBGT HOThresho
Page 49
1.3.25 Concentric Cell Handover
The concentric cell handover is classified into normal concentric cell handover and
enhanced concentric cell handover. The current network mainly uses the enhanced
concentric cell handover and the ATCB algorithm applies to only the enhanced
concentric cell handover. Therefore, this part mainly describes the technology and
application of the enhanced concentric cell handover.
1.3.26 Normal Concentric Cell Algorithm
You can select the normal concentric cell handover or enhanced concentric cell
handover through Concentric Circles HO Allowed. If Concentric Circles HO Allowed
is set to NO, the normal concentric cell handover is enabled. At present, in the normal
concentric cell algorithm, the handover from the overlaid subcell to the underlaid
subcell is blind handover because the underlaid subcell level cannot be obtained.
Therefore, the handover success rate is low and this handover is rarely used for the
current network.
1.3.27 Enhanced Concentric Cell Algorithm
On the SDCCH
If Assign Optimum Layer is set to No Priority, handle
the assignment procedure according to the assignment
procedure in the access load module.
If Assign Optimum Layer is set to Overlaid Subcell,
assign the TCHs to the overlaid subcell preferentially.
If Assign Optimum Layer is set to Underlaid Subcell,
assign the TCHs to the underlaid subcell preferentially.
If Assign Optimum Layer is set to System Optimization,
decide whether to assign TCHs to the overlaid subcell
according to the uplink receive level and TAin the MRs from the
SDCCH.
If the uplink receive level after filtering is greater than the value of
Assign-optimum-level Threshold and if the TA is smaller than the value of TA
Threshold of Assignment Pref., assign the TCHs to the overlaid subcell.
On the TCH
The handover on the TCH is classified into the following: handover from the underlaid
Page 50
subcell to the overlaid subcell, handover from overlaid subcell to underlaid subcell
caused by low underlaid subcell load, and handover from the underlaid subcell to the
overlaid subcell due to MS movement.
The triggering conditions are as follows:
None of the emergency handover, enhanced dual-band network handover, load
handover, edge handover, better cell handover, and PBGT handover is triggered.
The TCH is in the full-rate or half-rate state.
The attribute of the serving cell is concentric cell.
Handover from Underlaid Subcell to Overlaid Subcell
The decision conditions are as follows:
1. The penalty timer with duration of Penalty Time of UL to OL HO is timed out or is
not started.
2. Number of Failed Handovers from Underlaid Subcell to Overlaid Subcell < value of
MaxRetry Time after UtoO Fail
3. If RX_LEV for UO HO Allowed is set to Yes, the downlink receive level after
power control compensation is greater than the value of UL to OL HO Received
Level Thrsh.
4. If ATCBHoSwitch is set to Yes, then (downlink receive level of the primary BCCH
in the underlaid subcell - downlink receive level of the neighbor cell whose level is the
highest) > value of Distance Between Out And Inn Cell boundary.
5. If RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed is set to Yes, the downlink receive quality of
underlaid subcell after filtering < value of RX_QUAL Thrsh..
6. If TA for UO HO Allowed is set to Yes, the TA of underlaid subcell after filtering <
(TA Thrsh.- TA Hysteresis)
If all the previous conditions are met, the decision conditions of the handover from the
underlaid subcell to the overlaid subcell are met.
PN Criterion:
Within the period specified by UO HO Watch Time (s), if the decision conditions are
met for the period specified by UO HO Valid Time (s), the conditions of the handover
from the underlaid subcell to the overlaid subcell are met.
The following MS selection procedure is applicable to only the MS that meets the P/N
criterion.
MS Selection Procedure:
Page 51
MS selection procedure
Start (MR
trigger)
1. Evaluate cell load
periodically
(1s)
2. Cell load > Out Cell General
OverLoad Thred
Return
3. Cell load > Out Cell Serious
OverLoad Thred
4. For adaptation, value of Load HO Step
Period decreases by 1 per second.
The minimum is 1 and the step
remains unchanged
5. Adjust handover margin
based on handover period and
6. MS in
handover
margin?
7. MS initiates
handover
Return
Return
Configure Load
HO Step
Period to set
value
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
U to O Traffic HO
allowed?
No
Yes
load adjustment step
Procedure Description:
The TCH usage of the underlaid subcell is greater than the value of En Iuo Out Cell
General OverLoad Thred, and the MSs that meet the handover conditions are within
the handover margin. The handover margin is stepped from the maximum level (-47
dBm) to the boundary of the overlaid and underlaid subcells level by level. The aim is
Page 52
to hand over the MSs near the BTS to the overlaid subcell. If the TCH usage of the
underlaid subcell is greater than the value of En Iuo Out Cell Serious OverLoad
Thred, the period specified by En Iuo In Cell Load classification HO Period should
be shortened to enable the faster handover of the MSs in the underlaid subcell to the
overlaid subcell.
Handover from Overlaid Subcell to Underlaid Subcell Caused by
Low Underlaid Subcell Load
Handover Procedure
Start
1. Evaluate cell load
periodically
(1s)
2. Cell load < Out Cell Low Load Thred
L_Thdload
Return
3. Adjust handover margin based on
handover period and
load adjustment step
4. MS in
handover
margin?
5. MS initiates
handover
Return
Return
Yes
No
Procedure Description:
If the load of the underlaid subcell is lower than the value of En Iuo Out Cell Low
Load Thred and if the MS is within the handover margin, the handover from the
overlaid subcell to the underlaid subcell is triggered. The maximum range of the
handover margin is from OL to UL HO Received Level Thrsh. to the maximum level
(-47 dbm). If En Iuo In Cell Load classification HO Period of the handover margin
Page 53
is stepped to the BTS from OL to UL HO Received Level Thrsh. for En Iuo In Cell
Load classification HO Step, the MSs on the overlaid subcell boundary are
preferentially handed over to the underlaid subcell.
Handover from the Overlaid Subcell to the Underlaid Subcell Due
To MS Movement
Decision Conditions:
1. If RX_LEV for UO HO Allowed is set to Yes, the downlink receive level after
power control compensation < value of OL to UL HO Received Level Thrsh.
2. If ATCBHoSwitch is set to Yes, (downlink receive level of the primary BCCH in the
underlaid subcell downlink receive level of the neighbor cell whose level is the
highest) < (Distance Between Out And Inn Cell boundary - Distance Hyst
Between Out And Inn Cell Boundary)
3. If RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed is set to Yes, the downlink receive quality of the
underlaid subcell after filtering > RX_QUAL Thrsh.
4. If TA for UO HO Allowed is set to Yes, the TA of the underlaid subcell after
filtering > (TA Thrsh. + TA Hysteresis)
If any one of the previous conditions are met, the decision conditions of the handover
from the overlaid subcell to the underlaid subcell are met.
PN Criterion:
Within the period specified by UO HO Watch Time (s), the decision conditions are
met for the period specified by UO HO Valid Time (s), the conditions of the handover
from the overlaid subcell to the underlaid subcell are met.
Target Cell Selection:
The cell that has a favored 16-bit sequence ranking can be an underlaid subcell or a
neighbor cell.
1.3.28 AMR Handover
dual-band network handover, load handover, fast-moving micro-to-macro cell
handover, hierarchical handover, PBGT handover, concentric cell handover is
triggered, and if both Intracell HO Allowed and Intracell F-H HO Allowed are set to
Page 54
Yes, the AMR handover may be triggered if all the following conditions are met:
1.3.29 Handover from TCHF to TCHH
RQI/2 of the serving cell after filtering > value of F2H HO th
1.3.30 Handover form TCHH to TCHF
RQI/2 of the serving cell after filtering < value of H2F HO th
Within the period specified by Intracell F-H HO State Time, if the triggering
conditions are met for the period specified byIntracell F-H HO State Time, the P/N
criterion is met and the handover is triggered. Note: The previous two parameters are
also used for the handover from TCHH to TCHF.
The following figure shows the procedure for the handover:
Page 55
Procedure for the AMR handover
Start
Are both INTRAHO and
INTRAFHHO set to Yes?
Handover triggered?
TCH and speech version 3?
INTRAHO: Intra-Cell Handover Allowed
INTRAFHHO: Intracell F-H HO Allowed
Full-rate TCH? and
AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed?
and cell load lower than threshold?
Yes
Yes
Yes
AMR processing and concentric
cell ping-pong handover
protection processing
No
Ping-pong protection
protection for highly
loaded cell
Protection
processing in
underlaid subcell
RQI/2 of the serving cell after
filtering > value of F2H HO th
Full-rate TCH? Half-rate TCH?
P/N criterion met?
Yes
Ye
s
Ye
s
RQI/2 of the serving
cell after filtering >
value of H2F HO thh
Protection processing
in overlaid subcell
Intra-cell AMR
handover is
triggered.
End
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Ye
s
Ye
s
No
End
No
P: Intracell F-H HO State Time
N: Intracell F-H HO State Time
The AMR handover failure timer
has not expired with the value
specified by Penalty Time after
AMR TCHF-H HO Fails?
1.3.31 Better 3G Cell Handover
Page 56
dual-band network handover, load handover, edge handover, fast-moving
micro-to-macro cell handover, hierarchical handover, PBGT handover, concentric cell
handover, and AMR handover is triggered, the procedure for the better 3G cell
handover is triggered, as shown in the following figure:
Procedure for the better 3G cell handover
Start
Handover triggered?
HOSYS is set to No?
or are 3G better cell parameters set to 0?
FDD set to No?
and TDD is set to No?
MTYPE is RSCP and
RSCPi_f is greater than RSCP?
or MTYPE is Ec/N0 and
EcNoi_f is greater than Ec/No?
FDD: Better 3G Cell HO Allowed
TDD: TDD Better 3G Cell HO Allowed
Processes
candidate 3G
cell list
Current cell type is FDD
and MS supports FDD
MTYPE: FDD REP QUANT
RSCP: FDD RSCP Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO
RSCPi_f: measured value of FDD RSCP after filterin
Ec/N0: FDD Ec/No Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO
EcNoi_f: measured value of FDD Ec/No after filtering
TDDRSCP:TDD RSCP Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO
TDDRSCPi_f: measured value of TDD RSCP after filtering
TDDRSCPi_fTDDRSCP
Current cell type is TDD?
and MS supports TDD?
Are the FDD P/FDD criteria
met?
Are the TDD P/TDD N
criteria met?
FDD P: 3G Better Cell HO Valid Time
FDD N: 3G Better Cell HO Watch Time
TDD P: TDD 3G Better Cell HO Valid Time
TDD N: TDD 3G Better Cell HO Watch Time
3G better cell
handover is
triggered.
End
End
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
HOSYS: Outgoing-RAT HO Allowed
For the FDD handover, whether to measure RSCP or Ec/No is selected on the basis
of FDD REP QUANT. The TDD supports only the measurement of the RSCP.
If the RSCP or Ec/No of a certain measurement period meets the conditions, one
valid measurement is calculated. If the persistent measurement results meet the P/N
criterion, the better 3G cell handover is triggered.
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1.3.32 Directed Retry
If the TCH assignment in the cell fails, the TCH assignment and handover procedure
is completed through the selection of new target cell via directed retry algorithm when
the MS has occupied the SDCCH (single signaling connection state) and Direct
Retry is set to Yes.
For directed retry, the procedure for selection of candidate cells is as follows: The
cells and serving cells that do not meet the necessary handover conditions based on
the handover type are removed from the cell queue after basic sorting. Then, the
directed retry procedure is initiated on the cell that has the smallest 16-bit sequence
number among the candidate cells.
1.3.33 Handover in Single-Signaling /SDCCH State
The handover decision for the MS that has occupied the SDCCH is the same as that
for the MS that has occupied the TCH. In other words, the TA handover, interference
handover, bad quality handover, quick drop handover, edge handover are allowed,
but the load handover, PBGT handover, concentric cell handover, and AMR
handover are prohibited. In addition, the parameters for the handover decision are
the same as TCH parameters. If SDCCH HO Allowed is set to Yes, the handover
between signaling channels is allowed. The measurement for the MS that has
occupied the SDCCH uses different filtering parameters from that for the MS that has
occupied the TCH.
1.3.34 Handover Implementation
In the handover implementation procedure, the Handover Power Boost Switch
parameter is used to determine whether the BTS of the serving cell uses the
maximum transmit power during the handover. If this parameter is set to Yes, the
transmit power of the BTS is set to the maximum value before the BSC sends the
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handover command to the MS. In addition, the BTS power is not adjusted during the
handover to ensure the success of the handover.
The handover implementation procedure uses the protocol procedure for the
standard interfaces.
2 Parameters Involved in the Algorithms
2.1 Parameters detail description
2.1.1 Co-BSC/MSC Adj
Description: This parameter determines whether the sequence of candidate cells is
adjusted. After the sequence is adjusted, the handover within the same BSC/MSC
takes priority.
Value range: Yes, No
Unit: none
Default value: Yes
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to Yes, the target cell to which the MS is
handed over may not be the cell with the best signal quality.
Relevant algorithm: algorithms of all the handovers except intra-cell handovers,
such as the AMR handover and concentric cell handover
2.1.2 SDCCH HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether a handover between signaling
channels is enabled.
Unit: none
Default value: No
Configuration policy: When the authentication and ciphering procedure is enabled,
this parameter can be set to Yes.
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Relevant algorithm: algorithms of all the handovers except the load handover,
PBGT handover, concentric cell handover, and AMR handover
2.1.3 Penalty Allowed
Description: This parameter determines whether a penalty is performed for the
target cell where a handover fails or for the serving cell where the TA is too great or
the signal quality is too bad.
Unit: none
Default value: Yes
Configuration policy: Huawei recommends that this parameter be set to Yes. If you
need to disable the penalty for a certain handover, set the related penalty time and
penalty level to 0.
Relevant algorithm: all algorithms
2.1.4 MS Power Prediction after HO
Description: This parameter determines whether an MS can use the optimum
transmit power instead of the maximum transmit power to gain access to the new
channel after a handover. The purpose is to reduce interference and improve the
service quality.
Unit: none
Default value: No
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to Yes, the MS does not use the
maximum transmit power, and thus the handover success rate is decreased, but the
network interference is reduced.
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2.1.5 Power Level for Direct Try
Description: This parameter is used to select the candidate cells during directed
retry.
Value range: 063
Unit: dBm; physical value range: -110 dBm to -47 dBm
Default value: 16
Configuration policy: If the RX level of a neighbor cell exceeds the value of this
parameter, the neighbor cell is selected as the candidate cell for directed retry.
Relevant algorithm: directed retry
2.1.6 Allowed MR Number Lost
Description: This parameter determines the number of successive measurement
reports allowed to be lost. If the number of successive measurement reports lost is
equal to or smaller than the value of this parameter, the last two measurement
reports received are gathered and the lost measurement report is estimated based on
the linear interpolation. If the number of successive measurement reports lost is
greater than the value of this parameter, all previous measurement reports are
discarded, and calculations are made again when new measurement reports are
received.
Value range: 031
Unit: none
Default value: 4
Configuration policy: Measurement reports fail to be decoded correctly when the
signal quality in the serving cell is poor. When this threshold is exceeded, all previous
measurement reports are discarded and the handover may fail. Therefore, Huawei
recommends that this parameter be set to a great value for emergency handovers.
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2.1.7 RscPenaltyTimer
Description: This parameter determines the value of the timer used for neighbor cell
penalty after handover failure due to cell congestion.
Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 5
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to a high value, the target cell for the
previous handover will not be selected for the next handover, but the probability of
call drops increases. If this parameter is set to a low value, the probability of handover
failure increases.
Relevant algorithm: all handover algorithms
2.1.8 UmPenaltyTimer
penalty after handover failure due to the Um interface error.
Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 10
failure increases.
2.1.9 CfgPenaltyTimer
penalty after handover failure due to data configuration.
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Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 255
failure increases.
2.1.10 MR Preprocessing
Description: This parameter determines whether measurement reports are
preprocessed by the BTS.
Unit: none
Default value: No
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to Yes, the signaling on the Abis
interface and the load of the BSC are reduced. Thus, the response time is reduced and
the network performance is improved. If this parameter is set to No, the measurement
reports are preprocessed by the BSC. In this case, the three parameters Transfer
Original MR, Transfer BS/MS Power Class, and Sent Freq.of Preprocessed MR
are invalid.
2.1.11 Transfer Original MR
Description: This parameter determines whether the BTS should send the original
measurement report to the BSC.
Unit: none
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Default value: No
Configuration policy: In 4:1 multiplexing mode, if there are more than two
timeslots configured in SDCCH/8 scheme, then this parameter should be set to No.
2.1.12 Transfer BS/MS Power Class
Description: This parameter determines whether the BS/MS power class should be
transferred from the BTS to the BSC.
Unit: none
Default value: Yes
Configuration policy: When MR preprocessing is enabled, the UL and DL balance
measurement is affected if Transfer BS/MS Power Class is set to No. Additionally,
the handovers (such as PBGT handovers, load handovers, and concentric cell
handovers) that require power interpolation may become abnormal.
2.1.13 Sent Freq of Preprocessed MR
Description: After preprocessing the measurement reports, the BTS sends them to
the BSC.
Value range: Do not Report, Twice every second, Once every second, Once every
two seconds, Once every four seconds
Unit: none
Default value: Twice every second, Once every second (for 4:1 configuration)
Configuration policy: None.
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2.1.14 Report Type
Description: After preprocessing the measurement reports, the BTS sends them to
the BSC.
Value range: Common Measurement Report, Enhanced Measurement Report
Unit: none
Default value: Common Measurement Report
Configuration policy: The Enhanced Measurement Report supports the
measurement of the 3G neighbor cells to realize the interoperability between the 2G
system and the 3G system, and thus ensures the service continuity.
2.1.15 DtxMeasUsed
Description: This parameter is used as the switch for controlling the value
determination method of measurement reports. 0: off; 1: on
Value range: 0, 1
Unit: none
Default value: 1
Configuration policy: When this parameter is set to 0, if the measurement report
indicates that DTX is not used, the FULLSET values should be selected; if the
measurement report indicates that DTX is used, the SUBSET values should be
selected. In the latter case, the SUBSET values should be used irrespective of how
DTX is indicated in the subsequent measurement reports. When this parameter is set
to 1, the FULLSET or SUBSET values should be used according to the DTX
indication bit in the measurement report. That is, if the measurement report indicates
that DTX is used, the SUBSET values should be selected; otherwise, the FULLSET
values should be selected.
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2.1.16 Allowed MR Number Lost
Description: This parameter determines the number of successive measurement
reports allowed to be lost.
Value range: 031
Unit: none
Default value: 4
Configuration policy: Measurement reports fail to be decoded correctly when the
signal quality in the serving cell is poor. When this threshold is exceeded, all previous
measurement reports are discarded and the handover may fail. Therefore, Huawei
recommends that this parameter be set to a great value for emergency handovers.
Thus, it is advised to set this parameter with a greater value to enable emergency
handover.
2.1.17 Filter Length for SDCCH Level
Description: This parameter determines the number of measurement reports used
for averaging the signal strength on the SDCCH.
Value range: 131
Unit: none
Default value: 2
Configuration policy: This parameter should be set to a small value because the
SDCCH seizure duration is shorter than the TCH seizure duration for the MS.
Relevant algorithm: filtering processing of measurement reports
2.1.18 Filter Length for TCH Level
for averaging the speech/data TCH signal strength.
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Value range: 131
Unit: none
Default value: 4
Configuration policy: This parameter helps to avoid sharp drop of signal levels
caused by Raileigh Fading and to ensure correct handover decisions. When this
parameter is set to a higher value, the impact of sudden changes is reduced, and the
system response is delayed. Thus, the network performance is degraded.
2.1.19 Filter Length for SDCCH Qual
for averaging the SDCCH quality.
Value range: 131
Unit: none
Default value: 2
Configuration policy: This parameter should be set to a small value because the
SDCCH seizure duration is shorter than the TCH seizure duration for the MS.
2.1.20 Filter Length for TCH Qual
for averaging the speech/data TCH signal quality.
Value range: 131
Unit: none
Default value: 4
Configuration policy: When this parameter is set to a higher value, the impact of
sudden changes is reduced, and the system response is delayed. Thus, the network
performance is degraded.
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2.1.21 Filter Length for TA
for averaging the timing advance.
Value range: 131
Unit: none
Default value: 4
Configuration policy: When this parameter is set to a higher value, the impact of
sudden changes is reduced, and the system response is delayed. Thus, the network
performance is degraded.
2.1.22 Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV
for averaging the timing advance.
Value range: 131
Unit: none
Default value: 4
Configuration policy: This parameter determines the number of measurement
reports used for averaging the signal strength in neighbor cells. This parameter helps
to avoid sharp drop of signal levels caused by Raileigh Fading and to ensure correct
handover decisions.
When this parameter is set to a higher value, the impact of sudden changes is
reduced, and the system response is delayed. Thus, the network performance is
degraded.
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2.1.23 Penalty Level after TA HO
Description: This parameter determines the penalty on the signal strength of the
original serving cell to avoid ping-pong handovers after an emergency handover due
to timing advance is performed. This parameter is valid only within the Penalty Time
after TA HO.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 63
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to a lower value, it is easy for the MS to
be handed over to the original serving cell, thus leading to ping-pong handovers. If
this parameter is set to a higher value, it is difficult for the MS to be handed over to
the original serving cell.
Relevant algorithm: TA handover algorithm
2.1.24 Penalty Time after TA HO(s)
Description: This parameter determines the duration of the penalty imposed on the
original serving cell after an emergency handover due to timing advance is
performed.
Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 30
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2.1.25 Penalty Level after BQ HO
Description: This parameter determines the penalty level imposed on the original
serving cell after an emergency handover due to bad signal quality is performed. The
penalty level is imposed to avoid ping-pong handovers.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 63
Relevant algorithm: bad quality handover algorithm
2.1.26 Penalty Time after BQ HO (s)
Description: This parameter determines the duration of the penalty imposed on the
original serving cell after an emergency handover due to bad signal quality is
performed.
Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 15
Relevant algorithm: bad quality handover algorithm
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2.1.27 Penalty Level after HO Fail
Description: This parameter determines the penalty level imposed on the target cell.
A penalty level is imposed on the target cell to avoid further handover attempts to the
cell when a handover fails for any of the following reasons: cell congestion, a
message indicating internal handover refusal is received, a message indicating Um
interface handover failure is received during the outgoing BSC handover, and a
message indicating Um interface handover failure is received during the internal
handover. This parameter is valid only before the penalty time of handover failure
expires.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 30
be handed over to the cell where the previous handover fails, thus leading to another
handover failure. If this parameter is set to a higher value, it is difficult for the MS to
be handed over to the cell where the previous handover fails.
2.1.28 Penalty Time after HO Fail(s)
Description: This parameter determines the period in which penalty is imposed on
the neighbor cells of the cell where a fast-moving MS is located. The neighbor cells
must be located at the Macro, Micro, or Pico layer other than the Umbrella layer.
Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 10
be handed over to the cell where the previous handover fails, thus leading to another
handover failure. If this parameter is set to a higher value, it is difficult for the MS to
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be handed over to the cell where the previous handover fails.
2.1.29 Penalty on MS Fast Moving HO
Description: This parameter determines the penalty on the level of the original
serving cell after the fast-moving micro-to-macro cell handover is successful. The
penalty is performed only when the MS is located at the Umbrella layer and the
neighbor cells are located at the Macro, Micro, or Pico layer. This parameter is valid
only within the Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 30
be handed over to the micro cell again, thus leading to ping-pong handovers. If this
parameter is set to a higher value, it is difficult for the MS to be handed over to the
micro cell.
Relevant algorithm: fast-moving micro-to-macro cell handover algorithm
2.1.30 Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO
Description: This parameter determines the penalty time imposed on the original
serving cell after the fast-moving micro-to-macro cell handover is successful.
Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 40
be handed over to the micro cell again, thus leading to ping-pong handovers. If this
parameter is set to a higher value, it is difficult for the MS to be handed over to the
micro cell.
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2.1.31 Quick Handover Punish Value
Description: This parameter determines the penalty on the downlink level of the
original serving cell after the high-speed railway fast handover is successful.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 30
Relevant algorithm: high-speed railway fast handover algorithm
2.1.32 Quick Handover Punish Time
Description: This parameter determines the duration of penalty on the original
serving cell after the high-speed railway fast handover is successful.
Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 10
Relevant algorithm: high-speed railway fast handover algorithm
2.1.33 Inter-BSC SDCCH HO Allowed
Description: This parameter determines whether the inter-BSC SDCCH handover is
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enabled.
Unit: none
Default value: No
Configuration policy: This parameter should be set to Yes when the inter-BSC
SDCCH handover is allowed.
2.1.34 Min DL Level on Candidate Cell
Description: The M criterion supports the minimum value constraint of downlink RX
level of the neighbor cell.
Value range: 063 (corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm)
Unit: none
Default value: 15
Configuration policy: 1. This parameter must be properly specified because it limits
the number of candidate cells. If this parameter is set to a higher value, some desired
cells may be excluded from the candidate cells. If this parameter is set to a lower
value, an unwanted cell may become a candidate cell. This leads to handover failures
or call drops. 2. A cell can become a candidate cell only when the RX level minus this
parameter is greater than the minimum access level offset.
2.1.35 HOCdCellMinUpPwr
Description: The M criterion supports the minimum value constraint of uplink RX
Value range: 063 (corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm)
Unit: none
Default value: 10
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Configuration policy: 1. This parameter must be properly specified because it limits
the number of candidate cells. If this parameter is set to a higher value, some desired
cells may be excluded from the candidate cells. If this parameter is set to a lower
value, an unwanted cell may become the target cell. This leads to handover failures
or call drops. 2. A cell can become a candidate cell only when the uplink RX level
minus this parameter is greater than the minimum access level offset.
2.1.36 Min Access Level Offset
Description: The M criterion supports the minimum value constraint of uplink RX
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 0
Configuration policy: The offset is set based on Min DL Level on Candidate Cell
and Min UL Level on Candidate Cell. Different offsets can be set for different
neighbor cells. To become a candidate cell, a neighbor cell must meet the following
requirements:
Expected uplink level of the neighbor cell >= (minimum uplink power of the candidate
cell for handover + minimum access level offset)
Expected downlink level of the neighbor cell >= (minimum downlink power of the
candidate cell for handover + minimum access level offset)
2.1.37 K Bias
Description: This parameter determines the bias for cell sorting based on the
K criterion.
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Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 0
Recommended value: none
Configuration policy: Before the downlink RX level of the candidate cells is
sorted based on the K criterion, K Bias is subtracted from the actual downlink
RX level of the candidate cells. This parameter affects the result of cell sorting.
This parameter is usually set to 0.
2.1.38 UTRAN Cell Type
Description: This parameter determines the type of a 3G cell.
Value range: 0, 1
Unit: none
Default value: 0
Configuration policy: This parameter determines the type of a 3G cell. Value 0
indicates an FDD cell and value 1 indicates a TDD cell.
2.1.39 FDD REP QUANT
Description: FDD measurement report index
Value range: RSCP0, EcNo1
Unit: none
Default value: RSCP
Configuration policy: Ec/No means Signal Noise Ratio in WCDMA. It maps with C/I
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in GSM.
RSCP is short for Received Signal Code Power.
2.1.40 Min RSCP Threshold
Description: This parameter determines the selection of 3G candidate cells.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 10
Configuration policy: This parameter must be properly specified because it limits
the number of candidate cells for handovers. If this parameter is set to a higher value,
some desired cells may be excluded from the candidate cells. If this parameter is set
to a lower value, an unwanted cell may become a candidate cell. This leads to
handover failures or call drops.
2.1.41 Min Ec/No Threshold
Description: This parameter determines the selection of 3G candidate cells.
Value range: 049
Unit: none
Default value: 10
Configuration policy: This parameter must be properly specified because it limits
the number of candidate cells for handovers. If this parameter is set to a higher value,
some desired cells may be excluded from the candidate cells. If this parameter is set
to a lower value, an unwanted cell may become a candidate cell. This leads to
handover failures or call drops.
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2.1.42 RSCPOff
Description: RSCP is short for Received Signal Code Power. It is a performance
counter of the 3G cells.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 3
Configuration policy: When both Outgoing-RAT HO Allowed and Better 3G Cell
HO Allowed are set to Yes, if the RSCP of a 3G neighbor cell is greater than RSCP
Threshold for Better 3G Cell HOduring a period of time, then the 3G cell is selected
as a candidate cell.
2.1.43 EcNoOff
Description: Ec/No indicates the ratio of received energy per chip to noise spectral
density. It is a performance counter of the 3G cells.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 3
Configuration policy: When both Outgoing-RAT HO Allowed and Better 3G Cell
HO Allowed are set to Yes, if the Ec/No of a 3G neighbor cell is greater than Ec/No
Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO plus this parameter during a period of time, then
the 3G cell is selected as a candidate cell.
2.1.44 Inter-layer HO Threshold
Description: This parameter is one bit of the 16 bits that are used by the BSC to sort
the candidate cells for handovers.
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Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 25
Configuration policy: For the hierarchical handover and load handover, the RX level
of the target cell must be higher than the Inter-layer HO Threshold. Otherwise, the
MS may be handed over from a cell with high load (high priority) and high level to a
cell with low load (low priority) and low level, thus leading to call drops.
2.1.45 Inter-layer HO Hysteresis
Description: This parameter determines the hysteresis of the inter-layer handover.
This parameter and Inter-layer HO Threshold affect cell sorting and the inter-layer
handover.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 3
Configuration policy: This parameter determines the hysteresis of an inter-layer or
inter-priority handover. This parameter is used to avoid inter-layer ping-pong
handovers. Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a serving cell = configured Inter-layer
HO Threshold - Inter-layer HO hysteresis. Actual Inter-layer HO Threshold of a
neighbor cell = configured Inter-layer HO Threshold + Inter-layer HO hysteresis.
2.1.46 Inter-cell Handover Hysteresis
Description: This parameter determines the hysteresis of the handover between
neighbor cells at the same layer.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
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Default value: 5
Configuration policy: This parameter determines the hysteresis of the handover
between neighbor cells at the same layer. This parameter is set to avoid ping-pong
handovers. If the cells are at different layers, this parameter is invalid. The value of
this parameter needs to be adjusted according to the statistics of the handover
performance and the actual network. Flexible adjustment of the value of this
parameter has a positive effect on the handover and traffic between two neighbor
cells.
2.1.47 Min Interval for TCH Hos
Description: When a new TCH is assigned, a timer is started. The TCH can be
handed over only when the timer expires. This parameter is used to avoid unwanted
handovers due to inaccurate measurement reports generated in the initial phase of
call establishment.
Value range: 060
Unit: seconds
Default value: 2
Configuration policy: If the measurement report is processed by the BTS, set this
parameter to a relative small value. If the measurement report is processed by the
BSC, set this parameter to a relative great value.
Relevant algorithm: all handover algorithms except the high-speed railway fast
handover algorithm
2.1.48 Min Interval for SDCCH Hos
Description: When a new SDCCH is assigned, a timer is started. The SDCCH can
be handed over only when the timer expires. This parameter is used to avoid
unwanted handovers due to inaccurate measurement reports generated in the initial
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phase of call establishment.
Value range: 060
Unit: seconds
Default value: 2
Configuration policy: If the measurement report is processed by the BTS, set this
parameter to a relative small value. If the measurement report is processed by the
BSC, set this parameter to a relative great value.
Relevant algorithm: all handover algorithms except the high-speed railway fast
handover algorithm
2.1.49 Min Interval for Consecutive Hos
Description: This parameter determines the minimum interval between two
consecutive handovers. No handover is allowed during the minimum interval. A timer
starts after a handover is complete, and a subsequent handover is allowed only after
the timer expires.
The value of this parameter is the value of the timer. The parameter is used to avoid
frequent handovers.
Value range: 060
Unit: seconds
Default value: 4
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to a lower value, frequent handovers
cannot be avoided. If this parameter is set to a higher value, handovers cannot be
performed timely.
2.1.50 Min Interval for Emerg Hos
Description: This parameter determines the minimum interval between two
consecutive emergency handovers. No emergency handover is allowed during the
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minimum interval. When the conditions for an emergency handover are met, an
emergency handover timer is started. Another emergency handover can be decided
only when the timer expires.
Value range: 060
Unit: seconds
Default value: 4
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to a lower value, frequent handovers
cannot be avoided. If this parameter is set to a higher value, handovers cannot be
performed timely.
2.1.51 MS Fast-moving Time Threshold
Description: The time threshold is calculated based on the cell radius (r) and the
velocity (v). The threshold equals 2r/v. If the time for passing a cell is smaller than this
threshold, the MS is regarded as moving fast. Otherwise, the MS is regarded as
moving slow.
Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 15
Configuration policy: When the cell radius is fixed, the smaller the value of this
parameter is (the required velocity is higher), the more difficult for the fast-moving
micro-to-macro cell handover to be triggered.
2.1.52 Max Consecutive HO Times
Description: This parameter determines the maximum number of consecutive
intra-cell handovers allowed. If the interval between two continuous intra-cell
handovers is smaller than a specified threshold, the two handovers are regarded as
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consecutive handovers. If multiple consecutive intra-cell handovers occur, the
intra-cell handover is forbidden for a period.
Value range: 120
Unit: times
Default value: 3
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to a smaller value, the intra-cell
handover may not be timely; if this parameter is set to a greater value, the system
resources may be wasted when intra-cell handovers occur frequently.
Relevant algorithm: Intra-cell handover algorithms (AMR handover algorithm, BQ
handover algorithm, and interference handover algorithm)
2.1.53 Forbidden Time after Max Times
Description: When the number of consecutive handovers allowed reaches the
maximum, a timer is started to forbid the intra-cell handover. Intra-cell handovers is
allowed only when the timer expires.
Value range: 1200
Unit: seconds
Default value: 20
Configuration policy: You can set this parameter to disable the intra-cell handover
for a certain period.
2.1.54 Interval for Consecutive HO Jud.
Description: The two intra-cell handovers that occur during the period specified by
this parameter are regarded as consecutive.
Value range: 1200
Unit: seconds
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Default value: 6
Configuration policy: This parameter, together with Forbidden Time after Max
Times, determines the frequency of intra-cell handovers.
2.1.55 DtxMeasUsed
Description: This parameter determines whether the DTX is used in the
measurement report. If this parameter is set to 1, the measurement results are taken
according to the DTX indicator in each measurement report; if this parameter is set to
0, the method used in the previous measurement report is adopted. During a calling
procedure, if the DTX is used for once, the DTX is used in all the subsequent
measurement reports.
0: DTX is not used
1: DTX is used
Value range: 01
Unit: none
Default value: 1
2.1.56 Max Resend Times of Phy Info
Description: During asynchronous handover, the MS constantly sends handover
access bursts to the BTS. Usually, the Timer T3124 lasts 320 ms. Upon detecting the
bursts, the BTS returns physical information to the MS through the main
DCCH/FACCH and sends the MSG_ABIS_HO_DETECT message to the BSC.
Meanwhile, the timer T3105 starts. The physical information containing information
on different physical layers guarantees correct MS access. If the timer T3105 expires
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before the BTS receives the SAMB frame from the MS, the BTS retransmits the
physical information to the MS.
This parameter determines the maximum times of retransmitting the physical
information, that is, Ny1. If the number of retransmissions exceeds Ny1 before the
BTS receives any correct SAMB frame, the BTS sends the BSC a connection failure
message, which also indicates handover failure. After receiving the message, the
BSC releases the newly assigned dedicated channel and stops the timer T3105. For
details, refer to the GSM 08.58 and the GSM 04.08.
Value range: 1255
Unit: times
Default value: 30
Configuration policy: You can increase the value of this parameter when handover
becomes slow or the success rate is lowered due to clock problems or poor
transmission.
An MS can be handed over only when Max Resend Times of Phy Info x Radio
Connection Timer is greater than the interval between EST IND and HO DETECT
(120180 ms). Otherwise, the handover fails.
2.1.57 T3105 (10ms)
Description: This parameter indicates the timer T3150. For details, refer to the GSM
08.58 and the GSM 04.08.
When the BTS sends physical information to the MS, the BTS starts the timer T3105.
If T3105 expires before the BTS receives the SAMB frame from the MS, the BTS
retransmits the physical information to the MS and restarts the timer T3105. The
maximum number of times for retransmitting the physical information is Ny1.
Value range: 0255
Unit: ms
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Default value: 7
Configuration policy: The physical information is sent over the FACCH. Four TDMA
frames are sent each time at the interval of 18 ms. If the value of T3105 is smaller
than or equal to 18 ms, the BTS needs to retransmit the physical information to the
MS when the timer T3105 expires for the first time. If the transmission of the physical
information over the FACCH is not complete, the expiration is invalid because the
time is shorter than an FACCH period. Therefore, 20 is the reasonable minimum
value for this parameter. At present, the default value of this parameter is 70.
2.1.58 No Dl Mr. HOAllowed
Description: This parameter is used to control the handover algorithm based on the
measurement reports without the downlink information. If this parameter is set to No,
the handover algorithm based on the measurement reports without the downlink
information is disabled, and the handover decision based on the measurement
reports without the downlink information is not allowed in the cell. If this parameter is
set to Yes, the handover algorithm based on the measurement reports without the
downlink information is enabled, and the handover decision based on the
measurement reports without the downlink information is allowed in the cell.
Unit: none
Default value: none
Configuration policy: This parameter is set according to the traffic volume.
Relevant algorithm: no downlink measurement report handover algorithm
2.1.59 Cons. No Dl Mr. HOAllowed Limit
Description: This parameter determines whether the decision on the handover
based on the measurement reports without the downlink information is allowed. Each
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call is configured with a global timer, which counts the number of consecutive
measurement reports without the downlink information. When the timer exceeds this
threshold, the handover is disabled and the timer is reset.
Value range: 064
Unit: none
Default value: 8
Configuration policy: If the number of consecutive measurement reports without the
downlink information exceeds this threshold, the decision on the handover based on
the measurement reports without the downlink information is not performed.
Therefore, if this parameter is set to a smaller value, the handover based on the
measurement reports without the downlink information cannot be triggered.
2.1.60 No Dl Mr. Ul Qual HO Limit
Description: This parameter determines the uplink receive quality threshold for
triggering an emergency handover based on the measurement reports without the
downlink information. The handover decision is allowed only when the filtered uplink
receive quality is greater than No Dl Mr. Ul Qual HO Limit. Otherwise, the handover
decision is not allowed. When an emergency handover based on the measurement
reports without the downlink information is triggered, an inter-cell handover is
preferred. An intra-cell handover is triggered if no candidate cell is available and if
intra-cell handovers are allowed.
Value range: 070 (RQ (07) x 10)
Unit: none
Default value: 60
Configuration policy: The handover decision is allowed only when the uplink
receive quality is greater than this threshold. Therefore, if this parameter is set to a
greater value, the handover based on the measurement reports without the downlink
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information cannot be triggered.
2.1.61 TA HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether the time advance (TA) handover is
enabled.
Unit: none
Default value: Yes
2.1.62 TA Threshold
Description: An emergency handover is triggered when TA is greater than or equal
to the value of this parameter.
Value range: 0255
Unit: bit period (A bit period corresponds to 0.55 km.)
Default value: 255
Configuration policy: This parameter determines the cell coverage for triggering the
TA emergency handover. In the areas with small space between BTSs and densely
distributed BTSs, the coverage of the cell can be reduced if this parameter is set to a
smaller value.
2.1.63 Interference HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether the interference handover is
enabled.
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Unit: none
Default value: Yes
Relevant algorithm: interference handover algorithm
2.1.64 RXQUAL1
Description: If the receive level of the serving cell is smaller than or equal to 30, an
interference handover is triggered when the uplink or downlink quality of the cell is
greater than this threshold.
Unit: none
Default value: 70
Configuration policy: This parameter is used in handover decision. An uplink
interference handover is easily triggered if this parameter is set to a smaller value.
2.1.65 RXQUAL2
Description: If the receive level of the serving cell is 31, an interference handover is
triggered when the uplink or downlink quality of the cell is greater than this threshold.
Unit: none
Default value: 60
2.1.66 RXQUAL3
Description: If the receive level of the serving cell ranges from 32 to 35, an
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Unit: none
Default value: 59
2.1.67 RXQUAL4
Unit: none
Default value: 58
2.1.68 RXQUAL5
Unit: none
Default value: 57
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2.1.69 RXQUAL6
Unit: none
Default value: 56
2.1.70 RXQUAL7
Unit: none
Default value: 55
2.1.71 RXQUAL8
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Unit: none
Default value: 54
2.1.72 RXQUAL9
Unit: none
Default value: 53
2.1.73 RXQUAL10
Unit: none
Default value: 52
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2.1.74 RXQUAL11
Unit: none
Default value: 51
2.1.75 RXQUAL12
Description: If the receive level of the serving cell is greater than or equal to 63, an
Unit: none
Default value: 50
2.1.76 RXLEVOff
Description: This parameter determines the quality level offset of the interface
handover of the AMR FR service relative to non-AMR services or the AMR HR
service (x 10).
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Unit: none
Default value: 5
Configuration policy: For the AMR calls, this parameter, together with RXQUALn, is
used in interference handover decision. An uplink interference handover is easily
triggered if this parameter is set to a smaller value.
2.1.77 Intracell HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether the intra-cell handover is enabled.
Unit: none
Default value: No
Relevant algorithm: interference handover algorithm, BQ handover algorithm, AMR
handover algorithm, and no downlink measurement report handover algorithm
2.1.78 Rx_Level_Drop HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether the rapid level drop handover
algorithm is enabled.
Unit: none
Default value: No
Relevant algorithm: rapid level drop handover algorithm
2.1.79 Filter Parameter A1A8
Description: Filter Parameter A1A8, together with Filter Parameter B, determines
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whether the rapid drop of the receive level is contained in one or multiple
measurement reports.
Value range: 020
Unit: none
Default value: 10
Configuration policy: Filter Parameter A1A8 must meet the condition: A1 + A2 +
A3 + A4 + A5 + A6 + A7 + A8 = 80. The settings of A1 to A8 reflect the number of
measurement reports in which the receive level drops rapidly.
2.1.80 Filter Parameter B
Description: This is one of the parameters that determine whether a handover is
required due to rapid level drop. This parameter indicates the drop trend of the
receive level within a period.
Value range: 0200
Unit: none
Default value: 0
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to a greater value, a more rapid level
drop is required for triggering a rapid level drop handover.
2.1.81 BQ HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether the BQ handover is enabled.
Unit: none
Default value: Yes
Configuration policy: none
Relevant algorithm: BQ handover algorithm
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2.1.82 DLQuaLimitAMRFR
Description: This parameter determines the downlink receive quality threshold for
emergency handover of AMR FR calls.
Unit: none
Default value: 65
Configuration policy: The setting of this parameter influences the triggering of BQ
handover of AMR FR calls. If it is set to a small value, the downlink BQ handover is
easily triggered.
2.1.83 ULQuaLimitAMRFR
emergency handover of AMR FR calls.
Unit: none
Default value: 65
handover of AMR FR calls. If it is set to a small value, the uplink BQ handover is
easily triggered.
2.1.84 DLQuaLimitAMRHR
Description: This parameter determines the downlink receive quality threshold for
emergency handover of AMR HR calls.
Unit: none
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Default value: 60
handover of AMR HR calls. If it is set to a small value, the downlink BQ handover is
easily triggered.
2.1.85 ULQuaLimitAMRHR
emergency handover of AMR HR calls.
Unit: none
Default value: 60
handover of AMR HR calls. If it is set to a small value, the uplink BQ handover is
easily triggered.
2.1.86 DL Qual. Threshold
Description: This parameter determines the downlink receive quality threshold for an
emergency handover of non-AMR calls. An emergency handover is triggered when
the downlink receive quality is greater than DL Qual. Threshold.
Unit: none
Default value: 60
handover of non-AMR calls. If it is set to a small value, the downlink BQ handover is
easily triggered.
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2.1.87 UL Qual. Threshold
Description: This parameter determines the uplink receive quality threshold for an
emergency handover of non-AMR calls. An emergency handover is triggered when
the uplink receive quality is greater than UL Qual. Threshold.
Unit: none
Default value: 60
handover of non-AMR calls. If it is set to a small value, the uplink BQ handover is
easily triggered.
2.1.88 BQ HO Margin
Description: This parameter, together with Inter-cell Handover Hysteresis, filters
the neighbor cells during handover triggered due to bad receive quality.
Value range: 0127 (64 dB to +63 dB)
Unit: none
Default value: 69
Configuration policy: The difference between Inter-cell Handover Hysteresis and
BQ HO Margin is used to filter the candidate cells. If the BQ HO Margin is set to a
higher value, the threshold for the candidate cells is lowered, thus a neighbor cell is
more likely to become a target cell for handover.
2.1.89 Load HO Allowed
Description: This parameter determi nes whether the load handover is allowed for
traffic load balancing.
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Unit: none
Default value: No
Relevant algorithm: load handover algorithm
2.1.90 System Flux Threshold for Load HO
Description: This parameter det ermines the current system flux threshold, to
determine whether the CPU is overloaded.
Value range: 011
Unit: none
Default value: 10
Configuration policy: The value of this parameter should not be set too high. Load
handover is allowed only when the system flow is lower than the setting of this
threshold. Otherwise, the system load is even more burdened.
2.1.91 Load HO Threshold
Description: The traffic load of a cell refers to the TCH seizure rate in the cell. The
load handover is triggered when the traffic load in a cell reaches this threshold. In
other words, the load handover is triggered when the ratio of TCHs occupied in a cell
reaches the threshold defined for load handover.
Value range: 0100
Unit: %
Default value: 85
Configuration policy: The setting of this parameter influences the triggering of the
load handover. If it is set to a lower value, the number of load handover times
increases.
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2.1.92 Load HO Step Period
Description: When the load of a cell is equal to or greater than Load HO Threshold,
all the call connections served in this cell may send handover requests at the same
time, thereby leading to sudden increase of CPU load. In some cases, call drops may
occur due to traffic congestion in the cell. Therefore, the hierarchical handover
algorithm for load handover is used for the BSC to control the number of users to be
handed over by levels. This parameter determines the period for each load handover
level.
Value range: 1255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 10
Configuration policy: The setting of this parameter influences the load handover
time. If it is set to a high value, the handover time of each level is long.
2.1.93 Load HO Step Level
Description: In hierarchical load handover, starting from the Edge HO DL RX_LEV
Threshold, the upper limit of the load handover strip increases by one Load HO
Step Level every Load HO Step Period. The handovers are performed as such until
all the calls whose receive levels are within the range of (Edge HO DL RX_LEV
Threshold, Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold + Load HO Bandwidth) are handed
off the current serving cell. The value of Load HO Step Level must be smaller than
that of the Load HO Bandwidth.
Value range: 163
Unit: dB
Default value: 5
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Configuration policy: The setting of this parameter influences the width of the
handover strip during load handover.
2.1.94 Load HO Bandwidth
Description: A load handover is allowed only when the receive level of the serving
cell is within the range of (Edge HO RX_LEV Threshold, Edge HO RX_LEV
Threshold + Load HO bandwidth).
Value range: 063
Unit: dB
Default value: 25
Configuration policy: The setting of this parameter determines the maximum width
of the handover strip during load handover.
2.1.95 Load Req. on Candidate Cell
Description: If the cell load is smaller than the value of this parameter, the cell can
accept load handovers from other cells. Otherwise, the cell rejects load handover
requests from other cells.
Value range: 0100
Unit: %
Default value: 75
Configuration policy: The setting of this parameter influences the load handover
targeted to the cell. If it is set to a lower value, the number of handover requests that
are rejected increases.
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2.1.96 Edge HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether the edge handover is enabled.
Unit: none
Default value: Yes
Configuration policy: The recommended setting of this parameter is Yes, to enable
the edge handover algorithm.
Relevant algorithm: edge handover algorithm
2.1.97 Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold
Description: If the UL receive level remains lower than the Edge HO UL RX_LEV
Threshold for a period, the edge handover is triggered.
Value range: 063
Unit: dBm; physical value range: -110 dBm to -47 dBm
Default value: 10
Configuration policy: This parameter should be adjusted as required. If the Edge
HO UL RX_LEV Threshold is set to an excessively small value, call drop may easily
occur. If the PBGT handover is enabled, the relevant edge handover threshold can be
decreased.
2.1.98 Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold
Description: If the DL receive level remains lower than the Edge HO DL RX_LEV
Threshold for a period, the edge handover is triggered.
Value range: 063
Unit: dBm; physical Value range: -110 dBm to -47 dBm
Default value: 20
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Configuration policy: This parameter should be adjusted as required. If the Edge
HO UL RX_LEV Threshold is set to an excessively small value, call drop may easily
occur. If the PBGT handover is enabled, the relevant edge handover threshold can be
decreased.
2.1.99 Edge HO Watch Time(s)
Description: This parameter determines the intervals when the UL and DL receive
level are measured to determine whether an edge handover should be triggered.
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 3
Configuration policy: The larger the parameter value is, the more difficult the edge
handover can be triggered.
2.1.100 Edge HO Valid Time (s)
Description: This parameter determines, in the edge handover statistical time, the
period during which the UL or DL receive level is lower than its corresponding edge
handover threshold.
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 2
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2.1.101 NC Edge HO Watch Time(s)
period during which the UL or DL receive level is higher than its corresponding edge
handover threshold.
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 3
2.1.102 NC Edge HO Valid Time (s)
period during which the UL or DL receive level is higher than its corresponding edge
handover threshold.
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 2
2.1.103 MS Fast Moving HO Allowed
Description: This parameter determines whether an MS that moves fast in a micro
cell can be handed over to a macro cell. If this parameter is set to Yes, the MS that
moves fast in a micro cell can be handed over to a macro cell, thus reducing
handovers.
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Unit: none
Default value: No
Configuration policy: Huawei recommends that this handover be applied only in
special areas such as highways to reduce the CPU load. Fast movement handover is
used only in special conditions.
2.1.104 MS Fast-moving Watch Cells
Description: Suppose that the actual number of the micro cells passed by the
fast-moving MS is P. According to the P/N rule, when the MS fast passes N cells
among the P micro cells, the BSC starts to trigger a fast-moving micro-to-macro cell
handover.
Value range: 110
Unit: none
Default value: 3
Configuration policy: The more the micro cells are, the more difficult to trigger the
fast-moving micro-to-macro cell handover is.
2.1.105 MS Fast-moving Valid Cells
Description: Suppose that the actual number of the micro cells passed by the
fast-moving MS is N. According to the P/N rule, when the MS fast passes N cells
among the P micro cells, the BSC starts to trigger a fast-moving micro-to-macro cell
handover.
Value range: 110
Unit: none
Default value: 2
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Configuration policy: The more the micro cells are, the more difficult to trigger the
fast-moving micro-to-macro cell handover is.
2.1.106 PBGT HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether the PBGT (POWER BUDGET)
handover algorithm is allowed.
Unit: none
Default value: Yes
Configuration policy: You are advised to enable the PBGT handover algorithm.
Proper use of PBGT handovers helps to reduce inter-cell coverage and to avoid
co-channel interference, intra-frequency interference, and inter-frequency
interference.
Relevant algorithm: PBGT handover algorithm
2.1.107 PBGT HO Threshold
Description: The PBGT handover to an adjacent cell occurs when the difference
between the downlink level of the adjacent cell and that of the serving cell is greater
than PBGT HO Threshold.
Value range: 0127
Unit: dB (-64 dB to 63 dB)
Default value: 68
Configuration policy: Reducing PBGT HO Threshold makes the PBGT handover
more accessible. If the PBGT HO Threshold is set to an excessively small value,
ping-pong handover may easily occur.
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2.1.108 PBGT Watch Time (s)
Description: This parameter determines the period during which the BSC measures
the path loss of the neighbor cells. Based on the result, the BSC determines whether
to trigger the PBGT handover.
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 3
Configuration policy: The larger the parameter value is, the more difficult the PBGT
2.1.109 PBGT Valid Time (s)
Description: This parameter determines the period during which a neighbor cell is
measured and granted as the candidate cell for PBGT handover.
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 2
Configuration policy: The larger the parameter value is, the more difficult the PBGT
2.1.110 Intracell F-H HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether AMR handover is allowed. When
the Intracell HO Allowed is set to Yes, this parameter is valid.
Unit: none
Default value: Yes
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Configuration policy: Only when both Intracell HO Allowed and Intracell F-H HO
Allowed are set to Yes, the AMR handover can be triggered.
Relevant algorithm: AMR handover algorithm
2.1.111 Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO Fails(s)
Description: This parameter determines the penalty time for AMR full rate to half rate
(FR-to-HR) handovers. Before the timer expires, no AMR FR-to-HR handover
request is allowed. If the previous full-half handover fails due to channel unavailability
or channel mismatch.
Value range: 0255
Unit: seconds
Default value: 30
Configuration policy: The greater the value of this parameter is, the longer the
penalty time after AMR TCHF-H HO fails is. That is, triggering AMR handover
becomes more difficult.
2.1.112 F2H HO th
Description: This parameter determines the threshold of the full-rate TCH to half-rate
TCH handover. When an AMR call occupies a full-rate TCH, an intra-cell full -rate
TCH to half-rate TCH handover is triggered if the radio quality indication (RQI)
remains higher than the configured F2H HO threshold for a predefined period.
Value range: 039
Unit: dB
Default value: 25
Configuration policy: The greater the value of this parameter is, the more difficult
the AMR full-rate TCH to half-rate TCH handover can be triggered.
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2.1.113 H2F HO th
Description: This parameter determines the threshold of the half-rate TCH to
half-rate TCH handover. When an AMR call occupies a full-rate TCH, an intra-cell
half-rate TCH to full-rate TCH handover is triggered if the radio quality indication (RQI)
remains lower than the configured F2H HO threshold for a predefined period.
Value range: 039
Unit: dB
Default value: 10
Configuration policy: The smaller the value of this parameter is, the more difficult
the AMR half-rate TCH to full-rate TCH handover can be triggered.
2.1.114 Intracell F-H HO State Time (s)
Description: This parameter determines the statistical time of the intra-cell full-rate to
half-rate handover decision.
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 5
Configuration policy: The larger the parameter value is, the more difficult the AMR
2.1.115 Intracell F-H HO State Time (s)
Description: This parameter determines the lower time threshold for triggering AMR
handover within the AMR handover statistic time. (P/N criterion: Within N seconds,
the conditions are met for at least P seconds. Where, P is the low limit.)
Value range: 116
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Unit: seconds
Default value: 2
Configuration policy: The larger the parameter value is, the more difficult the AMR
2.1.116 Outgoing-RAT HOAllowed
Description: This parameter determines whether outgoing-RAT (2G to 3G) handover
and cell reselection are allowed.
Unit: none
Default value: No
Configuration policy: if 3G neighbor cell is configured, outgoing-RAT (2G to 3G)
handover is allowed.
Relevant algorithm: TA handover algorithm, interference handover algorithm, rapid
lever drop algorithm, bad quality handover algorithm, edge handover algorithm, 3G
better cell handover algorithm, and directed retry algorithm
2.1.117 Better 3G Cell HOAllowed
Description: This parameter is used to control the enabling of the better FDD 3G cell
handover algorithm. Yes indicates the configuration is allowed, and No indicates the
configuration is not allowed.
Unit: none
Default value: No
Configuration policy: This parameter must be set to Yes when 2G/3G network is
applied.
Relevant algorithm: 3G better cell handover algorithm
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2.1.118 TDD Better 3G Cell HOAllowed
Description: This parameter is used to control the enabling of the better TDD 3G cell
handover algorithm. Yes indicates the configuration is allowed, and No indicates the
configuration is not allowed.
Unit: none
Default value: No
Configuration policy: This parameter can be set to Yes when 2G/3G network is
applied.
2.1.119 RSCP Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO
Description: This parameter is used to control the 3G better cell handover in FDD
mode. If both Outgoing-RAT HO Allowed and Better 3G Cell HO Allowed are set
to Yes, a better 3G cell handover is triggered when the RSCP of a 3G neighbor cell is
greater than RSCP Threshold for Better 3G Cell HO during a period.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 50
the 3G better cell handover can be triggered.
2.1.120 TDD RSCP Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO
Description: This parameter is used to control the 3G better cell handover in TDD
to Yes, a better 3G cell handover is triggered when the RSCP of a 3G neighbor cell is
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greater than RSCP Threshold for Better 3G Cell HO during a period.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 50
2.1.121 Ec/No Threshold for Better 3G CELL HO
Description: This parameter is used to control the 3G better cell handover in FDD
to Yes, a better 3G cell handover is triggered when the Ec/No of a 3G neighbor cell is
greater than Ec/No Threshold for Better 3G Cell HO during a period of time.
Value range: 049
Unit: none
Default value: 35
2.1.122 3G Better Cell HO Valid Time
Description: This parameter is used to control handovers in FDD mode. During the
decision of 3G better cell handover algorithm, 3G better cell handover is originated
only when the period that meets the conditions of the 3G better cell handover
algorithm in the measurement period is greater than 3G Better Cell HO Valid Time.
This parameter determines the valid time of the 3G better cell handover algorithm.
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
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Default value: 4
Configuration policy: The larger the parameter value is, the more difficult the 3G
better cell handover can be triggered.
2.1.123 3G Better Cell HO Watch Time
Description: This parameter is used to control handovers in FDD mode. During the
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 5
Configuration policy: The larger the parameter value is, the more difficult the 3G
better cell handover can be triggered.
2.1.124 TDD 3G Better Cell HO Valid Time
Description: This parameter is used to control handovers in TDD mode. During the
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 4
Configuration policy: The greater the value of this parameter is, the more difficult to
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trigger the 3G better cell handover is.
Relevant algorithm:3G better cell handover algorithm
2.1.125 TDD 3G Better Cell HO Watch Time
Description: This parameter is used to control handovers in TDD mode. During the
Value range: 116
Unit: seconds
Default value: 5
Configuration policy: The greater the value of this parameter is, the more difficult to
trigger the 3G better cell handover is.
Relevant algorithm:3G better cell handover algorithm
2.1.126 Inter-RAT HO Preference
Description: This parameter determines whether the MS is preferentially handed
over to a 2G cell or a 3G cell.
Value range: Pre_2G_Cell, Pre_3G_Cell, Pre_2G_CellThres
Unit: none
Default value: Pre_2G_CellThres
Configuration policy: If this parameter is set to Pre_2G_Cell, the BSC selects the
target handover cell from the 2G candidate cells. If this parameter is set to
Pre_3G_Cell, the BSC selects the target handover cell from the 3G candidate cells. If
this parameter is set to Pre_2G_CellThres, and if the receive level of the first
candidate cell among 2G candidate cells is smaller than or equal to the
Pre_2G_CellThres, the 3G cell handover is preferred. Otherwise, the 2G cell
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114
handover is preferred.
2.1.127 Inter-RAT HO Preference
over to a 2G cell or an FDD 3G cell.
Unit: none
2.1.128 TDD Inter-RAT HO Preference
over to a 2G cell or a TDD 3G cell.
Unit: none
Page
115
2.1.129 HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell
Description: This parameter is used to control the handover between the 2G cell and
the FDD 3G cell. If the Inter-RAT HO Preference is HO Preference Threshold for
2G Cell, and if the receive level of the first candidate cell among 2G candidate cells is
smaller than or equal to the Pre_2G_CellThres, the 3G cell handover is preferred.
Otherwise, the 2G cell handover is preferred.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 25
Configuration policy: The greater the value of this parameter, the more difficult for
the BSC to hand over the MS to a 2G cell and the easier for the BSC to hand over the
MS to an FDD 3G cell.
Page
116
2.1.130 TDD HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell
Description: This parameter is used to control the handover between the 2G cell and
the TDD 3G cell. If the Inter-RAT HO Preference is HO Preference Threshold for
2G Cell, and if the receive level of the first candidate cell among 2G candidate cells is
smaller than or equal to the Pre_2G_CellThres, the 3G cell handover is preferred.
Otherwise, the 2G cell handover is preferred.
Value range: 063
Unit: none
Default value: 25
Configuration policy: The greater the value of this parameter, the more difficult for
the BSC to hand over the MS to a 2G cell and the easier for the BSC to hand over the
MS to a TDD 3G cell.

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