GRE (99.

4)
SECTION 1
Time-30minutes
38 Questions
5y = 15
x = 2y
1. x 5
O is the center of the circle and the perimeter of
AOB is 6.
2. The circumference of the 12
circle
Kens monthl ta!e-home pa is w dollars. "fter he
pas for food and rent# he has x dollars left
3. x w x
$.
3
$
3
8
%
15
13
+ +
1
$ & 2 &' 2 ' = + y x y x
5.
2 2
$y x 8
6.
5 . 1
3 . 0
10
2
The operation is defined for all positi(e num)ers r
and t ) rt=
t
rt t r +
2
& '
%. %13% 3%%1
8.
AB
BD
BC
DC
*. '250&'$*2&
$
000 # $*2
10. x y
11. The num)er of prime The num)er of prime
num)ers )et+een %0 num)ers )et+een 30
and %6 and 36
6 , x , %
y = 8
12.
y
x
0.85
KLNP is a s-uare +ith perimeter 128.
13. MQ $2
1$.
2
3 2 x +
1.3/
The median salar for professional 0roup A is
23*
GRE (99.4)
1$0#610. The median salar for professional 0roup B
is 1$0#810.
15. The median salar for 1$0#%10
0roups A and B
com)ined
16. The +ater le(el in a tan! is lo+ered ) 6 inches# then
raised )
2
1
8 inches# and then lo+ered ) $
inches. 2f the +ater le(el +as x inches )efore the
chan0es in le(el# +hich of the follo+in0 represents
the +ater le(el# in inches# after the chan0es3
'"&
2
1
1 x
'4&
2
1
1 + x
'5&
2
1
6 x
'6&
2
1
6 + x
'7&
2
1
18 x
1%. 2n the fi0ure a)o(e# M, N, and P are midpoints of the
sides of an e-uilateral trian0le +hose perimeter is
18. 8hat is the perimeter of the shaded re0ion3
'"& 2
'4& 3
'5&
2
1
$
'6& 6
'7& *
18. 8hich of the follo+in0 sets of num)er is has the
0reatest standard de(iation3
'"& 2# 3# $
'4& 2.5# 3# 3.5
'5& 1# 1.25# 1.5
'6& 92# 0# 2
'7& 20# 21# 21.5
1*. 2f x, y, and z represent consecuti(e inte0ers# and x <y
<z, +hich of the follo+in0 e-uals y3

. x . 1

.
2
z x +

.
3
z y x + +
'"&

onl
'4&

and

onl
'5&

and

onl
'6&

and

onl
'7&

and

20. 8hen * students too! a :oolo0 -ui: +ith a possi)le

score of 0 to 10# inclusi(e# there a(era0e 'arithmetic
mean& score +as %.5. 2f a tenth student ta!es the
same -ui:# +hat +ill )e the least possi)le a(era0e
score on the -ui: for all 10 students3
'"& 6.5
'4& 6.%5
'5& %.0
'6& %.25
'7& %.5
2$0
GRE (99.4)
Questions 21-25 refer to the follo+in0 0raph.
21. The t+o corporate sectors that increased their
support for the arts from 1*88 to 1**1 made a total
contri)ution in 1**1 of appro/imatel ho+ man
million dollars3
'"& 112
'4& 125
'5& 200
'6& 250
'7& 315
22. ;o+ man of the si/ corporate sectors listed each
contri)uted more than 160 million to the arts in )oth
1*88 and 1**13
'"& <ne
'4& T+o
'5& three
'6& =our
'7& =i(e
23. "ppro/imatel ho+ man million dollars more did
the +holesale sector contri)ute to the arts in 1*88
than in 1**13
'"& 10.$
'4& 12.6
'5& 1$.0
'6& 16.5
'7& 1*.2
2$. =rom 1*88 to 1**1# +hich corporate sector
decreased its support for the arts ) the 0reatest
dollar amount3
'"& >er(ices
'4& ?anufacturin0
'5& @etail
'6& 8holesale
'7& <ther
25. <f the retail sectors 1**1 contri)ution to the arts#
$
1
+ent to smphon orchestras and
2
1
of the
remainder +ent to pu)lic tele(ision. "ppro/imatel
ho+ man million dollars more did to retail sector
contri)ute to pu)lic tele(ision that ear than to
smphon orchestras3
'"& 5.2
'4& 6.3
'5& 10.$
'6& 13.0
'7& 1*.5
26. 2f x = a
5
and y = a
6
# a 0# +hich of the follo+in0 is
e-ui(alent to a
13
3
'"& xy
'4& x
2
y
'5&
y
x
3
2$1
GRE (99.4)
'6&
y
x
$
'7&
x
y
3
2%. The pro)a)ilities that each of t+o independent
e/periments +ill ha(e a successful outcome are
15
8
and
3
2
# respecti(el. 8hat is the pro)a)ilit
that )oth e/periments +ill ha(e successful
outcomes3
'"&
5
$
'4&
5
6
'5&
15
2
'6&
$5
16
'7&
225
6$
28. 2f x is 1# 2# or 3 and y is either 2 or $# then the
product xy can ha(e ho+ man different possi)le
(alues3
'"& Three
'4& =our
'5& =i(e
'7& >i/
'7& >e(en
2*. 2f the radius of a circular re0ion +ere decreased )
20 percent# the area of the circular re0ion +ould
decrease ) +hat percent3
'"& 16A
'4& 20A
'5& 36A
'6& $0A
'7& $$A
30. 8or!ers at 5ompanies X and Y are paid the same
)ase hourl rate. 8or!ers at compan X are paid 1.5
times the )ase hourl rate for each hour +or!ed per
+ee! in e/cess of the first 3%# +hile +or!ers at
5ompan Y are paid 1.5 times the )ase hourl rate
for each hour +or!ed per +ee! in e/cess of the first
$0. 2n a 0i(en +ee!# ho+ man hours must a
5ompan X +or!er +or! in order to recei(e the
same pa as a compan Y +or!er +ho +or!s $6
hours3
'"& $6
'4& $5
'5& $$
'6& $3
'7& $2
2$2
GRE (99.4)
SECTION 2
Time- 30 ?inutes
38 Questions
1. "s )usinesses )ecome a+are that their ad(ertisin0
must ------ the e(erda concerns of consumers# their
commercials +ill )e characteri:ed ) a 0reater de0ree
of ------.
'"& alla...pessimism
'4& address...realism
'5& e(ade....(erisimilitude
'6& en0a0eBfanc
'7& chan0e...sincerit
2. 4ecause the la+erCs methods +ere found to
)e ------# the disciplinar committee ------- his
pri(ile0es.
'"& unimpeacha)le...suspended
'4& in0enious...+ithdre+
'5& -uestiona)le...e/panded
'6& unscrupulous...re(o!ed
'7& reprehensi)le...au0mented
3. Deople of intelli0ence and achie(ement can none-
theless )e so ------ and lac!in0 in ------ that the
0am)le their reputations ) )rea!in0 the la+ to
further their o+n ends.
'"& de(ious...propensit
'4& culpa)le...prosperit
'5& o)se-uious...deference
'6& truculent... independence
'7& 0reed... inte0rit
$. " num)er of scientists ha(e pu)lished articles
------- 0lo)al +armin0# statin0 ------- that there
is no solid scientific e(idence to support the
theor that the 7arth is +armin0 )ecause of
increases in 0reenhouse 0ases.
'"& de)un!in0...cate0oricall
'4& reEectin0...parado/icall
'5& deplorin0...optimisticall
'6& dismissin0...hesitantl
'7& pro(in0...candidl
5. The senatorCs attempt to con(ince the pu)lic that
she is not interested in runnin0 for a second term
is as -------- as her opponentCs attempt to dis0uise
his intention to run a0ainst her.
'"& )iased
'4& unsuccessful
'5& inad(ertent
'6& indecisi(e
'7& remote
6. ?ac5rors con(ersation +as --------F she could
ne(er tell a stor# chiefl )ecause she al+as
for0ot it# and she +as ne(er 0uilt of a +itticism#
unless ) accident.
'"& scintillatin0
'4& unam)i0uous
'5& perspicuous
'6& stultifin0
'7& facetious
%. 6espite its man --------# the +hole-lan0ua0e
philosoph of teachin0 readin0 continues to
0ain -------- amon0 educators.
'"& detractors...notoriet
'4& adherents...pre(alence
'5& criticsBcurrenc
'6& enthusiasts...popularit
'7& practitionersB credi)ilit
8. 57G>H>F D<DHI"T2<GFF
'"& interro0ation F 0uilt
'4& sur(e F price
'5& inter(ie+ F personalit
'6& -uestionnaire F e/planation
'7& in(entor F stoc!
*. "HT;7GT252TJ F =@"H6HI7GTFF
'"& moralit F utopian
'4& intensit F (i0orous
'5& sincerit F hpocritical
'6& particularit F uni-ue
'7& plausi)ilit F narrated
10. K"@G2>; F LI<>>JFF
'"& sharpen F )lunt
'4& measure F deep
'5& sand F smooth
2$3
GRE (99.4)
'6& appro/imate F precise
'7& anchor F unsta)le
11. "?7G2TJ F 5<?=<@T"4I7
'"& tact F circumspect
'4& nuisance F a00ra(ated
'5& honorarium F0rateful
'6& fa(orite F en(ious
'7& loun0e F patient
12. D"2G F "G"IL7>25FF
'"& ener0 F re(itali:ation
'4& interest F stimulation
'5& smptom F palliati(e
'6& despair F an/iet
'7& re+ard F incenti(e
13. K<257F>;<HTFF
'"& ear F o(erhear
'4& e(e F see
'5& hand F clutch
'6& ner(e F feel
'7& nose F inhale
1$. D<GT2=25"T7F >D7"KFF
'"& strut F +al!
'4& stare F loo!
'5& patroni:e F fre-uent
'6& eulo0i:e F mourn
'7& reciprocate F 0i(e
15. 424I2<D;2I7 F 4<<K>FF
'"& en(ironmentalist F pollution
'4& :oolo0ist F animals
'5& 0ourmet F food
'6& calli0rapher F hand+ritin0
'7& a(iator F aircraft
16. 2G62L7GT F 87"IT;FF
'"& presumptuous F independence
'4& impertur)a)le F determination
'5& ine(ita)le F inescapa)ilit
'6& indi0esti)le F sustenance
'7& redundant F indispensa)ilit
This passag is !as" #$ a$ arti%& p'!&ish" i$ ())*+
7i0ht times +ithin the pat million ears# some-
thin0 in the 7arths climatic e-uation has chan0ed.
allo+in0 sno+ in the mountains and the northern
Li$ latitudes to accumulate from one season to the ne/t
,-. instead of meltin0 a+a. 7ach time# the enormous ice
sheets resultin0 from this continual )uildup lasted tens
of thousands of ears until the end of each particular
0lacial ccle )rou0ht a +armer climate. >cientists
speculated that these 0lacial ccles +ere ultimatel
,(*. dri(en ) astronomical factorsF slo+# cclic chan0es
in the eccentricit of the 7arths or)it and in the tilt
and orientation of its spin a/is. 4ut up until around
30 ears a0o# the lac! of an independent record of ice-
a0e timin0 made the hpothesis untesta)le.
,(-. Then in the earl 1*50s 7miliani produced the
first complete record of the +a/in0s and +anin0s
of past 0laciations. 2t came from a seemin0l odd
place. the seafloor. >in0le-cell marine or0anisms
called MforaminiferaM house themsel(es in shells made
,/*. from calcium car)onate. 8hen the foraminifera die.
sin! to the )ottom# and )ecome part of seafloor sedi-
ments# the car)onate of their shells preser(es certain
characteristics of the sea+ater the inha)ited. 2n
particular# the ratio of a hea(# isotope of o/0en
,/-. 'o/0en-18& to ordinar o/0en 'o/0en- 16& in the
car)onate preser(es the ratio of the t+o o/0ens in
+ater molecules.
2t is no+ understood that the ratio of o/0en iso-
topes in sea+ater closel reflects the proportion of
,0*. the +orlds +ater loc!ed up in 0laciers and ice sheets.
" !ind of meteorolo0ical distillation accounts for the
lin!. 8ater molecules containin0 the hea(ier isotope
tend to condense and fall as precipitation sli0htl
sooner than molecules containin0 the li0hter isotope.
,0-. ;ence# as +ater (apor e(aporated from +arm oceans
mo(es a+a from its source. its o/0en -18 returns
more -uic!l to the oceans than does its o/0en-16.
8hat falls as sno+ on distant ice sheets and mountain
0laciers is relati(el depleted of o/0en -18. "s the
,1*. o/0en-18-poor ice )uilds up the oceans )ecome
relati(el enriched in the 2sotope. The lar0er the ice
sheets 0ro+# the hi0her the proportion of o/0en-18
)ecomes in sea+ater- and hence in the sediments.
"nal:in0 cores drilled from seafloor sediments#
,1-. 7miliani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell in
2$$
GRE (99.4)
rou0h accord +ith the 7arths astronomical ccles.
>ince that pioneerin0 o)ser(ation# o/0en-isotope
measurements ha(e )een made on hundreds of cores
" chronolo0 for the com)ined record ena)les scien-
,-*. tists to sho+ that the record contains the (er same
periodicities as the or)ital processes. <(er the past
800#000 ears# the 0lo)al ice (olume has pea!ed
e(er 100#000 ears# matchin0 the period of the
or)ital eccentricit (ariation. 2n addition# N+rin!lesO
,--. superposed on each ccle 9small decreases or sur0es
in ice (olume 9 ha(e come at inter(als of rou0hl
23#000 and $1#000 ears# in !eepin0 +ith the pre-
cession and tilt fre-uencies of the 7arths spin a/is.
1%. 8hich of the follo+in0 )est e/presses the main idea
of the passa0e3
'"& ?arine sediments ha(e allo+ed scientists to
amass e(idence tendin0 to confirm that
astronomical ccles dri(e the 7arths 0lacial
ccles.
'4& the ratio )et+een t+o different isotopes of
o/0en in sea+ater correlates closel +ith the
si:e of the 7arths ice sheets.
'5& >urprisin0l# sin0le-cell marine or0anisms
pro(ide a record of the 7arths ice a0es.
'6& The 7arths astronomical ccles ha(e recentl
)een re(ealed to ha(e an une/pectedl lar0e
impact on the 7arths climate.
'7& The earth has e/perienced ei0ht periods of
intense 0laciation in the past million ears#
primaril as a result of su)stantial chan0es in its
or)it.
18. The passa0e asserts that one reason that oceans
)ecome enriched in o/0en 9 18 as ice sheets 0ro+
is )ecause
'"& +ater molecules containin0 o/0en 918
condense and fall as precipitation sli0htl sooner
than those containin0 o/0en 916
'4& the ratio of o/0en- 18 to o/0en- 16 in +ater
(apor e(aporated from oceans is different from
that of these isotopes in sea+ater
'5& 0ro+in0 ice sheets tend to lose their o/0en- 2 8
as the temperature of the oceans near them
0raduall decreases
'6& less +ater (apor e(aporates from oceans durin0
0lacial periods and therefore less o/0en-18 is
remo(ed from the sea+ater
'7& the free:in0 point of sea+ater rich in o/0en-18
is sli0htl lo+er than that of sea+ater poor in
o/0en- 18
1*. "ccordin0 to the passa0e. the lar0e ice sheets
tpical of 0lacial ccles are most directl
caused )
'"& chan0es in the a(era0e temperatures in the
tropics and o(er open oceans
'4& prolon0ed increases in the rate at +hich +ater
e(aporates from the oceans
'5& e/treme seasonal (ariations in temperature in
northern latitudes and in mountainous areas
'6& steadil increasin0 precipitation rates in
northern latitudes and in mountainous areas
'7& the continual failure of sno+ to melt completel
durin0 the +armer seasons in northern latitudes
and in mountainous areas
20. 2t can )e inferred from the passa0e that +hich of the
follo+in0 is true of the +ater loc!ed in 0laciers and
ice sheets toda3
'"& 2t is richer in o/0en- 18 than fro:en +ater +as
durin0 past 0lacial periods.
'4& 2t is primaril located in the northern latitudes of
the 7arth.
'5& 2ts ratio of o/0en isotopes is the same as that
pre(alent in sea+ater durin0 the last ice a0e.
'6& 2t is steadil decreasin0 in amount due to
increased tha+in0 durin0 summer months.
'7& 2n comparison +ith sea+ater# it is relati(el
poor in o/0en-18.
21. The discussion of the o/0en-isotope ratios in
para0raph three of the passa0e su00ests that +hich
of the follo+in0 must )e assumed if the conclusions
descri)ed in lines $*-58 are to )e (alidl dra+n3
'"& The 7arthCs o(erall annual precipitation rates do
not dramaticall increase or decrease o(er time.
'4& The (arious chemicals dissol(ed in sea+ater
ha(e had the same concentrations o(er the past
million ears.
2$5
GRE (99.4)
'5& Gatural processes unrelated to ice formation do
not result in the formation of lar0e -uantities of
o/0en- 18.
'6& 8ater molecules fallin0 as precipitation usuall
fall on the open ocean rather than on continents
or polar ice pac!s.
'7& 2ncreases in 0lo)al temperature do not increase
the amount of +ater that e(aporates from the
oceans.
22. The passa0e su00ests that the scientists +ho first
constructed a coherent. continuous picture of past
(ariations in marine-sediment isotope ratios did
+hich of the follo+in03
'"& @elied primaril on the data o)tained from the
analsis of 7milianis core samples.
'4& 5om)ined data deri(ed from the analsis of
man different core samples.
'5& ?atched the data o)tained ) 0eolo0ists +ith
that pro(ided ) astronomers.
'6& 7(aluated the isotope-ratio data o)tained in
se(eral areas in order to eliminate all )ut the
most relia)le data.
'7& 5ompared data o)tained from core samples in
man different marine en(ironments +ith data
samples deri(ed from polar ice caps.
23. The passa0e su00ests that the scientists mentioned in
line 8 considered their reconstruction of past
astronomical ccles to )e
'"& unrelia)le )ecause astronomical o)ser(ations
ha(e )een made and recorded for onl a fe+
thousand ears
'4& ade-uate enou0h to allo+ that reconstructions
use in e/plainin0 0lacial ccles if a record of the
latter could )e found
'5& in need of confirmation throu0h comparison
+ith an independent source of information a)out
astronomical phenomena
'6& incomplete and therefore unusa)le for the
purposes of e/plainin0 the causes of ice a0es
'7& ade-uate enou0h for scientists to support
conclusi(el the idea that ice a0es +ere caused
) astronomical chan0es
"lthou0h Kictor Turners +ritin0s ha(e pro(ed
fruitful for fields )eond anthropolo0# his definition
of ritual is o(erl restricti(e. @itual# he sas# is Npre-
&ist scri)ed formal )eha(ior for occasions not 0i(en o(er
,-. to technolo0ical routine# ha(in0 reference to )eliefs in
mstical )ein0s or po+ers#O N Technolo0ical routineO
refers to the means ) +hich a social 0roup pro(ides
for its material needs. Turners differentiatin0 ritual
from technolo0 helps us reco0ni:e that festi(als and
,(*. cele)rations ma ha(e little purpose other than pla#
)ut it o)scures the practical aims# such as ma!in0
crops 0ro+ or healin0 patients# of other rituals. =urther#
Turners definition implies a necessar relationship
)et+een ritual and mstical )eliefs. ;o+e(er# not all
,(-. rituals are reli0iousP some reli0ions ha(e no reference
to mstical )ein0sP and indi(iduals ma )e re-uired
onl to participate in# not necessaril )elie(e in# a
ritual. TurnerCs assumption that ritual )eha(ior follo+s
)elief thus limits the usefulness of his definition in
,/*. studin0 ritual across cultures.
2$. "ccordin0 to the passa0e# +hich of the follo+in0
does Turner e/clude from his conception of ritual3
'"& 4eha(ior )ased on )eliefs
'4& 4eha(ior )ased on formal rules
'5& 5ele)rations +hose purpose is pla
'6& @outines directed to+ard practical ends
'7& =esti(als honorin0 supernatural )ein0s
25. The passa0e su00ests that an assumption underlin0
Turners definition of ritual is that
'"& anthropolo0ical concepts appl to other fields
'4& festi(als and ceremonies are related cultural
phenomena
'5& there is a relationship )et+een pla and practical
ends
'6& rituals refer onl to )elief in mstical )ein0s or
po+ers
'7& mstical )ein0s and po+ers ha(e certain
common attri)utes across cultures
26. 2t can )e inferred that the author of the passa0e
)elie(es each of the follo+in0 concernin0 rituals
7Q57DTF
'"& >ome are unrelated to reli0ious )elief.
2$6
GRE (99.4)
'4& >ome are intended to ha(e practical
conse-uences.
'5& >ome ha(e no purpose other than pla.
'6& The sometimes in(ol(e reference to mstical
)ein0s.
'7& The are predominantl focused on a0ricultural
ends.
2%. 8hich of the follo+in0 )est descri)es the
or0ani:ation of the passa0e3
'"& =actual data are presented and a hpothesis is
proposed.
'4& " distinction is introduced then sho+n not to )e
a true distinction.
'5& " statement is -uoted# and t+o assumptions on
+hich it is )ased are clarified.
'6& " definition is challen0ed# and t+o reasons for
the challen0e are 0i(en.
'7& "n opinion is offered and then placed +ithin a
historical frame+or!.
28. >I<H5;F
'"& stand erect
'4& mo(e unhesitatin0l
'5& stretch lan0uidl
'6& scurr
'7& totter
2*. 5I"2?F
'"& renounce
'4& repeal
'5& deter
'6& hinder
'7& postpone
30. 7QD762T7F
'"& impeach
'4& deflect
'5& resist
'6& retard
'7& remo(e
31. K"I7625T2<GF
'"& 0reetin0
'4& promise
'5& accusation
'6& deni0ration
'7& aphorism
32. ="5T<@"4I7
'"& a)sor)ent
'4& ma0nifia)l
'5& simulated
'6& irreduci)le
'7& am)i0uous
33. 5<GK<K7F
'"& distur)
'4& impress
'5& adEourn
'6& e/tol
'7& applaud
3$. @7G6F
'"& sin!
'4& unite
'5& find
'6& spend
'7& unleash
35. 5<GT@"K7G7F
'"& condescend
'4& em)ar!
'5& support
'6& offend
'7& amass
36. G"62@F
'"& summit
'4& impasse
'5& sanctuar
'6& +ea! point
'7& direct route
3%. "4>T@"5TF
'"& den
'4& or0ani:e
'5& ela)orate
'6& deli)erate
'7& produce
2$%
GRE (99.4)
38. ?7G6"52<H>F
'"& assured
'4& honest
'5& intelli0ent
'6& fortunate
'7& 0racious
SECTION 3
Time - 30 minutes
25 Questions
1. The painter Deter 4randon ne(er dated his +or!s# and
their chronolo0 is onl no+ )e0innin0 to ta!e shape
in the critical literature. " recent datin0 of a 4randon
self-portrait to 1*30 is surel +ron0. 4randon +as 63
ears old in 1*30# et the paintin0 sho+s a oun0#
dar!-haired man-o)(iousl 4randon# )ut clearl not a
man of 63.
8hich of the follo+in0# if Eustifia)l assumed# allo+s
the conclusion to )e properl dra+n3
'"& There is no securel dated self-portrait of
4randon that he painted +hen he +as
si0nificantl oun0er than 63.
'4& 2n refrainin0 from datin0 his +or!s# 4randon
intended to steer critical discussion of them a+a
from considerations of chronolo0.
'5& Hntil recentl# there +as (er little critical
literature on the +or!s of 4randon.
'6& 4randon at a0e 63 +ould not ha(e portraed
himself in a paintin0 as he had loo!ed +hen he
+as a oun0 man.
'7& 4randon painted se(eral self-portraits that sho+ed
him as a man past the a0e of 60.
2. 6ance critic from 7uropeF The impro(ed -ualit of
)allet in the Hnited >tates is the result of more
7uropeansC teachin0 )allet in the Hnited >tates than
e(er )efore. 2 !no+ the proportion of teachers +ho
+ere )orn and trained in 7urope has 0one up amon0
)allet teachers in the Hnited >tates# )ecause last ear#
on m trip to Ge+ Jor!# more of the )allet teachers 2
met +ere from 7urope-)orn and trained there -than
e(er )efore.
8hich of the follo+in0 identifies a -uestiona)le
assumption made ) the dance criticCs reasonin03
'"& The ar0ument o(erloo!s the possi)ilit that some
)allet teachers in the Hnited >tates could ha(e
)een )orn in 7urope )ut trained in the Hnited
>tates.
'4& The ar0ument assumes that the )allet teachers
+hom the critic met last ear on the criticCs trip to
Ge+ Jor! +ere a 0enerall tpical 0roup of such
2$8
GRE (99.4)
teachers.
'5& The ar0ument assumes that the teachin0 of )allet
in the Hnited >tates is superior to the teachin0 of
)allet in 7urope
'6& <ther possi)le reasons for the impro(ed mental
attitudes of Hnited >tates dancers are not
e/amined.
'7& The ar0ument assumes that dancers )orn and
trained in 7urope are tpicall more talented than
dancers )orn and trained in the Hnited >tates.
Questions 3-8
" (olunteer +ho sends pac!a0es to hospital patients is
preparin0 three pac!a0es containin0 e/actl fi(e items
each from a suppl of ei0hteen a(aila)le items-four
0ames# si/ Ei0sa+ pu::les# and ei0ht no(els. The
pac!a0es must conform to the follo+in0.
conditionsF
The three pac!a0es to0ether contain all of the no(els.
7ach pac!a0e contains at least one Ei0sa+ pu::le. Go
pac!a0e contains more 0ames than no(els.
3. 8hich of the follo+in0 can )e a complete and
accurate list of the contents of one of the pac!a0es3
'"& =i(e Ei0sa+ pu::les
'4& <ne 0ame. four no(els
'5& <ne Ei0sa+ pu::le# four no(els
'6&T+o 0ames# t+o Ei0sa+ pu::les# t+o no(els
'7& Three 0ames# one Ei0sa+ pu::le# one no(el
$. 2f the first t+o pac!a0es contain e/actl t+o 0ames
each# then the third pac!a0e must contain e/actl
'"& one Ei0sa+ pu::le and four no(els
'4& t+o Ei0sa+ pu::les and three no(els
'5& four Ei0sa+ pu::les and one no(el
'6& one 0ame# one Ei0sa+ pu::le# and three no(els
'7& t+o 0ames# one Ei0sa+ pu::le and t+o no(els
5. 2f one of the pac!a0es contains e/actl three Ei0sa+
pu::les and none of the pac!a0es contains more than
three no(els# +hich of the follo+in0 must )e true3
'"& The pac!a0e that contains three Ei0sa+ pu::les
also contains e/actl one 0ame.
'4& <ne of the t+o pac!a0es that do not contain three
Ei0sa+ pu::les contains e/actl t+o 0ames.
'5& <ne of the t+o pac!a0es that do not contain three
Ei0sa+ pu::les contains e/actl t+o Ei0sa+
pu::les.
'6& 7ach of the t+o pac!a0es that do not contain
three Ei0sa+ pu::les contains e/actl one 0ame.
'7& 7ach of the t+o pac!a0es that do not contain three
Ei0sa+ pu::les contains e/actl three no(els.
6. 2f the first t+o pac!a0es contain e/actl t+o Ei0sa+
pu::les each# +hich of the follo+in0 can )e a
complete and accurate list of the contents of the third
pac!a0e3
'"& <ne 0ame# four no(els
'4& T+o 0ames# three no(els
'5& T+o Ei0sa+ pu::les# three no(els
'6& <ne 0ame# three Ei0sa+ pu::les# one no(el
'7& T+o 0ames# t+o Ei0sa+ pu::les# one no(el
%. 2f each of the pac!a0es contains at least one 0ame#
then it must )e true that one of the pac!a0e contains
e/actl
'"& t+o 0ames
'4& t+o Ei0sa+ pu::les
'5& one no(el
'6& t+o no(els
'7& four no(els
8. 2f each of the pac!a0es contains a different num)er of
no(els from the others# +hich of the follo+in0 can )e
true3
'"& There are e/actl three 0ames amon0 the items
in one of the pac!a0es.
'4& There are e/actl t+o Ei0sa+ pu::les amon0 the
items in one of the pac!a0es.
'6& There are e/actl four 0ames amon0 the items in
the three pac!a0es to0ether.
'7& There are e/actl four Ei0sa+ pu::les amon0 the
items in the three pac!a0es to0ether.
*.?aor =our ears a0o +hen +e reor0ani:ed the cit
police department in order to sa(e mone# critics
claimed that the reor0ani:ation +ould ma!e the police
less responsi(e to citi:ens and +ould thus lead to
more crime. The police ha(e compiled theft statistics
from the ears follo+in0 the reor0ani:ation that sho+
2$*
GRE (99.4)
that the critics +ere +ron0. There +as an o(erall
decrease in reports of thefts of all !inds# includin0
small thefts.
8hich of the follo+in0# if true# most seriousl
challen0es the maorCs ar0ument3
'"& 8hen cit police are percei(ed as unresponsi(e#
(ictims of theft are less li!el to report thefts to
the police.
'4& The maorCs critics 0enerall a0ree that police
statistics concernin0 crime reports pro(ide the
most relia)le a(aila)le data on crime rates.
'5& 2n other cities +here police departments ha(e
)een similarl reor0ani:ed# the num)ers of
reported thefts ha(e 0enerall risen follo+in0
reor0ani:ation.
'6& The maorCs reor0ani:ation of the police
department failed to sa(e as much mone as it
+as intended to sa(e.
'7& 6urin0 the four ears immediatel precedin0 the
reor0ani:ation# reports of all tpes of theft had
)een risin0 steadil in comparison to reports of
other crimes.
10. 2t ta!es a particular talent to )e a successful )usiness
mana0er. 4usiness courses can help people to sol(e
mana0ement pro)lems# )ut such courses can do so
onl for those people +ith mana0erial talent. >uch
people should ta!e )usiness courses to ac-uire ideas
that the can su)se-uentl use to 0ood ad(anta0e if
mana0ement pro)lems happen to arise.
2f the statements a)o(e are true# +hich of the
follo+in0 must also )e true on the )asis of them3
'"& Deople +ho are helped ) )usiness courses in
sol(in0 mana0ement pro)lems also ha(e
mana0erial talent.
'4& Deople +ho are alread s!illed at sol(in0
mana0ement pro)lems are unli!el to )enefit
from )usiness courses.
'5& ?ost ideas that are used successfull in sol(in0
mana0ement pro)lems are those ac-uired in
)usiness courses.
'6& Deople +ho lac! mana0erial talent are more
li!el to ta!e )usiness courses than are people
+ho ha(e mana0erial talent.
'7& Those people +ho ha(e ne(er ta!en )usiness
courses are una)le to sol(e mana0ement
pro)lems +hen such pro)lems arise.
11. 8hen a dri(er is suspected of ha(in0 had too much
to drin!# testin0 the dri(erCs a)ilit to +al! a strai0ht
line 0i(es a more relia)le indication of fitness to
dri(e than does testin0 the dri(erCs )lood-alcohol
le(el.
8hich of the follo+in0# if true# )est supports the
claim made in the statement a)o(e3
'"& Got all o)ser(ers +ill a0ree +hether or not an
indi(idual has succeeded in +al!in0 a strai0ht
line.
'4& 4ecause of 0enetic differences and (ariations in
ac-uired tolerance to alcohol# some indi(iduals
suffer more serious motor impairment from a
0i(en hi0h )lood-alcohol le(el than do others.
'5& Tests desi0ned to measure )lood-alcohol le(els
are accurate# ine/pensi(e# and eas to
administer.
'6& ?ore than half the dri(ers in(ol(ed in fatal
accidents ha(e )lood-alcohol le(els that e/ceed
the le0al limit# +hereas in less-serious accidents
the proportion of le0all into/icated dri(ers is
lo+er.
'7& >ome indi(iduals +ith hi0h )lood-alcohol le(els
are capa)le of +al!in0 a strai0ht line )ut are not
capa)le of dri(in0 safel.
12. That sales can )e increased ) the presence of
sunli0ht +ithin a store has )een sho+n ) the
e/perience of the onl >a(efast department store
+ith a lar0e s!li0ht. The s!li0ht allo+s sunli0ht
into half of the store# reducin0 the need for artificial
li0ht. The rest of the store uses onl artificial li0ht.
>ince the store opened t+o ears a0o# the
departments on the sunlit side ha(e had su)stantiall
hi0her sales than the other departments.
8hich of the follo+in0# if true# most stren0thens the
ar0ument3
'"& <n particularl cloud das# more artificial li0ht
is used to illuminate the part of the store under
the s!li0ht.
'4& 8hen the store is open at ni0ht# the departments
in the part of the store under the s!li0ht ha(e
250
GRE (99.4)
sales that are no hi0her than those of other
departments.
'5& ?an customers purchase items from
departments in )oth parts of the store on a sin0le
shoppin0 trip.
'6& 4esides the s!li0ht# there are se(eral si0nificant
architectural differences )et+een the t+o parts
of the store.
'7& The departments in the part of the store under
the s!li0ht are the departments that 0enerall
ha(e the hi0hest sales in other stores in the
>a(efast chain.
Questions 13-1%
" humanities course must discuss si/ out of ei0ht topics-
faith# !no+led0e# lo(e# madness# re(olution# s!epticism#
technolo0# and utopia-one at a time# each for one of si/
periods num)ered consecuti(el from 1throu0h 6. The
orderin0 of topics must meet these conditionsF
2f faith is not discussed# utopia must )e discussed
last.
2f technolo0 is discussed# it must )e discussed
immediatel )efore or else immediatel after lo(e.
2f faith is discussed# it must )e discussed immediatel
)efore s!epticism and immediatel after madness.
Kno+led0e or else re(olution must )e discussed
first.
13. 8hich of the follo+in0 is an accepta)le se-uence of
topics discussed# in order from first throu0h si/th3
'"& Kno+led0e# lo(e# madness# faith# s!epticism#
technolo0# lo(e
'4& Kno+led0e# madness# utopia# s!epticism#
technolo0
'5& Io(e# technolo0# re(olution# madness# faith#
s!epticism
'6& @e(olution# madness# faith# s!epticism# lo(e#
technolo0
'7& @e(olution# madness# s!epticism# faith#
technolo0# lo(e
1$. 2f e/actl one topic is discussed )et+een faith and
lo(e# that topic could )e
'"& !no+led0e
'4& re(olution
'5& s!epticism
'6& technolo0
'7& utopia
15. 2f neither faith nor madness is discussed and if
re(olution is discussed fourth# then s!epticism must
)e discussed
'"& first
'4& second
'5& third
'6& fourth
'7& fifth
16. 2f re(olution and utopia are the first t+o topics
discussed# the t+o topics not discussed could )e
'"& faith and lo(e
'4& faith and technolo0
'5& !no+led0e and s!epticism
'6& lo(e and madness
'7& lo(e and technolo0
1%. 2f !no+led0e is not discussed# the other topic not
discussed could )e
'"& faith
'4& lo(e
'5& madness
'6& re(olution
'7& s!epticism
Questions 18-22
" Ee+eler is settin0 ei0ht 0emstones-0amet. Eade#
malachite# opal. ru)# sapphire# tur-uoise# and :ircon-
around a circular )racelet. There are ei0ht adEacent
positions# num)ered consecuti(el 1 throu0h 8 around
the )racelet# in +hich to set the stones# +ith position 8
adEacent to position 1. The settin0 of the stones must
conform to the follo+in0 conditionsF
The ru) is adEacent to the :ircon.
The 0arnet is adEacent to the :ircon.
The Eade is adEacent to the opal.
The Eade is not adEacent to the malachite.
2f the tur-uoise is set in position 2# the opal is set in
position 3P other+ise. the opal is set in position 2.
18. 8hich of the follo+in0 can )e the order# from
251
GRE (99.4)
position 1 throu0h position 8. of the stones set
around the )racelet3
'"& Rade# opal# malachite# ru)# :ircon# 0arnet#
sapphire# tur-uoise
'4& Rade# opal# sapphire# tur-uoise# 0arnet. ru).
:ircon# malachite
'5& ?alachite# tur-uoise# opal. Eade. ru)# :ircon#
0arnet# sapphire
'6& Tur-uoise# opal# Eade# sapphire# 0arnet# :ircon#
ru)# malachite
'7& Tur-uoise# sapphire# opal# Eade# 0amet# :ircon#
ru)# malachite
1*. 2f the tur-uoise is set in position 8# +hich of the
follo+in0 must )e true3
'"& The 0arnet is set in position 5.
'4& The Eade is set in position 1.
'5& The Eade is set in position 3.
'6& The malachite is set in position 1.
'7& The sapphire is set in position 1.
20. 8hich of the follo+in0 is a position in +hich the
:ircon can )e set3
'"& 1
'4& 2
'5& 3
'6& $
'7& 5
21. 2f the malachite is set in position 5# +hich of the
follo+in0 can )e true3
'"& The 0arnet is set in position 3.
'4& The Eade is set in position $.
'5& The opal is set in position 3.
'6& The sapphire is set in position 6.
'7& The :ircon is set in position 1.
22. 2f the tur-uoise is set in position 2# +hich of the
follo+in0 can )e true3
'"& The 0arnet is set in position 1.
'4& The Eade is set in position 1.
'5& The malachite is set in position 5.
'6& The ru) is set in position 5.
'7& The sapphire is set in position $.
23. To protect )eachfront )uildin0s from ocean storms#
ocean resorts ha(e )uilt massi(e sea+alls )et+een
)eaches and the )uildin0s. Got onl do the sea+alls
)loc! off some )uildin0sC ocean (ie+# )ut the
)eaches themsel(es )ecome e(er narro+er# )ecause
sand can no lon0er creep inland as storms erode it at
the +aterCs ed0e.
2f the information is correct# +hich of the follo+in0
conclusions is most stron0l supported on the )asis
of it3
'"& >ince the ferocit of ocean storms is increasin0#
increasin0l hi0h sea+alls must )e )uilt )et+een
)eaches and )eachfront propert.
'4& 7(en +hen )eaches are hea(il used ) people#
the are necessar to the sur(i(al of the man
+ild species that use them.
'5& >ea+alls constructed to protect )eachfront
)uildin0s +ill not themsel(es e(entuall )e
dama0ed ) storms and +ill not re-uire# if the
are to protect the )uildin0s# e/pensi(e repair or
replacement.
'6& The conser(ation of )eaches for future
0enerations should )e the o(erridin0 0oal of
shore mana0ement at ocean coasts.
'7& Trin0 to protect )eachfront )uildin0s )
constructin0 sea+alls is counterproducti(e in the
lon0 run for an oceanfront communit +ishin0
to maintain itself as a )each resort.
2$. " stud found that %0 percent of children sur(eed in
1*%0 had at one time had ca(ities# +hereas onl 50
percent of those sur(eed in 1*85 had e(er had
ca(ities. The researchers concluded that the le(el of
dental disease in children had declined )et+een
1*%0 and 1*85.
8hich of the follo+in0# if true# +ould most
seriousl undermine the researchersC conclusion
presented a)o(e3
'"& 5a(ities are the most common !ind of dental
disease to +hich children are su)Eect.
'4& The children sur(eed came from a )road
(ariet of income )ac!0rounds.
'5& The children sur(eed +ere selected from
amon0 students of teachers cooperatin0 +ith the
researchers.
252
GRE (99.4)
'6& The accurac of ca(it detection techni-ues has
impro(ed dramaticall since 1*%0.
'7& The children sur(eed in 1*85 +ere oun0er on
a(era0e than those sur(eed in 1*%0.
25. 6a(idF >ince attemptin0 to preser(e e(er species
that is currentl endan0ered is prohi)iti(el
e/pensi(e# the endan0ered species +hose (alue to
humanit is the 0reatest should )e accorded the
hi0hest priorit for preser(ation.
KarenF >uch a polic +ould he unsound )ecause it is
impossi)le to predict the future (alue of a species#
nor is it al+as possi)le to assess the present (alue
of species +hose contri)utions to humanit# thou0h
si0nificant# are indirect.
8hich of the follo+in0 is the main point of KarenCs
repl to 6a(id3
'"& "lthou0h it +ould )e desira)le to preser(e all
endan0ered species# doin0 so is not
economicall feasi)le.
'4& 7(en if the (alue to humanit of a 0i(en species
is !no+n# that (alue should not )e a factor in
an decision on +hether to e/pend effort to
preser(e that species.
'5& >pecies +hose contri)utions to humanit are
direct should ha(e a hi0her priorit for
preser(ation efforts than species +hose
contri)utions to humanit are onl indirect.
'6&>ince the methods for decidin0 +hich species
ha(e the most (alue to humanit are imperfect#
informed decisions cannot )e made on the )asis
of the assessment of such (alue.
'7& The preser(ation of endan0ered species +hose
(alue to humanit can )e relia)l predicted is
more important than the preser(ation of species
+hose (alue for humanit is unpredicta)le.
SECTION 4
Time 9 30 minutes
30 Questions
x = y = z
1. x
3
/:
x , 0
2. 3x
2
3x
3
3. x y
$.
100
101
23
2$
+ 2
The points P'2#0&# Q'0#2&# @'$#2& and 2'2#$& are in the
rectan0ular coordinate sstem.
5. The distance from The distance from
P to Q 3 to 2
The pro)a)ilit that e(ents 4 and 5 +ill )oth occur is
0.$2
6. The pro)a)ilit that 0.58
e(ent 4 +ill occur
%. a !
8.
2
& 2 1 ' + 3
*. '10*&'8%-1$& '10*&'8%&-'10*&'1$&
5arols a0e# in ears# can )e e/pressed ) re(ersin0
the di0its in her fathers a0e# in ears. The sum of
the di0its in each a0e is 10.
253
GRE (99.4)
10. The positi(e difference 36
)et+een 5arols a0e# in
ears# and her fathers
a0e# in ears
* < p <(
11. p
1
p
6
p
3 9
p
5
5 &S 2 1 ' T 2 3
2
= + x x x
12. x -8
a and ! are positi(e inte0ers.
13.
!
a
3
3
+
+
!
a
" solid cu)ical )loc! of +ood has dimensions as
sho+n in the fi0ure# and the )loc! is to )e cut in
half as indicated ) the shaded re0ion.
1$. The total surface area 36 s-uare feet
of one of the resultin0
hal(es of the )loc!
a
)
a)
The len0ths of the line se0ments are a, !, and a!,
respecti(el. The line se0ments are dra+n to scale.
15. a 1
16. The a(era0e'arithmetic mean& num)er of students in
3 economics classes at a certain colle0e is 2$. 2f the
total num)er of students in 2 of the classes
com)ined is 38# ho+ man students are in the
remainin0 class3
'"& 1$
'4& 1*
'5& 2$
'6& 31
'7& 3$
1%. 2f the cu)e of $ is 180 0reater than the s-uare of $#
then $ =
'"& 10
'4& *
'5& 8
'6& %
'7& 6
18. The circular cloc! a)o(e sho+s a time of e/actl
3F30. 8hat is the (alue of x3
'"& 60
'4& %5
'c& 85
'6& *0
'7& 105
1*. 8hat percent of the inte0ers )et+een 200 and ***#
inclusi(e# end +ith the di0its N03O3
'"& 1A
'4& 25
'5& 3A
'6& $A
'7& 5A
20. 8hich of the lines in the fi0ure a)o(e contains onl
25$
GRE (99.4)
points 'x#y& +ith x = y3
'"& "
'4& 4
'5& 5
'6& 6
'7& 7
Questions 21-35 refer to the follo+in0 information a)out student enrollment in a certain small colle0e.
62>T@24HT2<G <= 7G@<II?7GT
4J 5I">> "G6 >7Q
'Total enrollmentF 1#$00&
?ales =emales
=reshmen
>ophomores
Runiors
>eniors
303
215
182
160
25*
10*
88
8$
Total 860 5$0
D7@57GT <= T<T"I 7G@<II?7GT
?"R<@2GL 2G 7"5; <= T;7 =<II<82GL "5"67?25 "@7">
'Go student is maEorin0 in more than one area.&
"rea Dercent
;umanities
>ocial >ciences
Dhsical >ciences
33A
30A
2$A
21. the ratio of the num)er of male freshmen to the
num)er of female sophomores is appro/imatel
'"& 2 to 1
'4& 3 to 1
'5& 3 to 2
'6& $ to 1
'7& 5 to 3
22. ;o+ man of the enrolled students are not maEorin0
in humanities# social sciences# or phsical sciences3
'"& 8%
'4& 122
'5& 182
'6& 230
'7& 322
23. 8hich of the follo+in0 can )e inferred from the
ta)les3

.The num)er of males maEorin0 in phsical

sciences is 0reater than the num)er of females
maEorin0 in that area.

. >tudents maEorin0 in either social sciences or

phsical sciences constitute more than 50
percent of the total enrollment.

. The ratio of the num)er of males to the num)er

of females in the senior class is less than 2 to 1.
'"&

onl
'4&

onl
'5&

and

'6&

and

'7&

and

2$. ;o+ man students are either Euniors or males or

)oth3
'"& 6%8
'4& %66
'5& *$8
'6& 1#130
'7& 1#312
255
GRE (99.4)
25. 2f the total enrollment is 12 percent 0reater than it
+as fi(e ears a0o# +hat +as the total enrollment
fi(e ears a0o3
'"& 1#180
'4& 1#1*2
'5& 1#220
'6& 1#232
'7& 1#250
26. 2f the ratio of the num)er of 7n0lish )oo!s to the
num)er of all other )oo!s on a )oo!shelf is $ to 1#
+hat percent of the )oo!s on the )oo!shelf are
7n0lish )oo!s3
'"& 20A
'4& 25A
'5& 50A
'6& %5A
'7& 80A
3# %# *# 1$# x
2%. The num)ers in the list a)o(e are ordered from least
to 0reatest. 2f the a(era0e 'arithmetic mean& is 2
0reater than the median# +hat is the (alue of x3
'"& 22
'4& 20
'5& 1%
'6& 16
'7& 15
28. " de(eloper has land that has x feet of la!e fronta0e.
The land is to )e su)di(ided into lots# each of +hich
is to ha(e either 80 feet or 100 feet of la!e fronta0e.
2f
*
1
of the lots are to ha(e 80 feet of fronta0e each
and the remainin0 $0 lots are to ha(e 100 feet of
fronta0e each# +hat is the (alue of x3
'"& $00
'4& 3#200
'5& 3#%00
'6& $#$00
'7& $#%60
2*. 2f
2
3
=
!
a
# +hich of the follo+in0 must )e true3

3
2
=
a
!

3
1
=

a
! a

5 = +! a
'"&

onl
'4&

onl
'5&

onl
'6&

and

'7&

and

30. 8hat is the least inte0er (alue of $ such that

001 . 0
2
1
<
$
3
'"& 10
'4& 11
'5& 500
'6& 501
'7& there is no such least (alue.
256
GRE (99.4)
SECTION 5
Time-30 minutes
38 Questions
1. That she +as UUUUU roc! clim)in0 did not diminish
her UUUUUto Eoin her friends on a roc!-clim)in0
e/pedition.
'"& attracted to ...ea0erness
'4& timid a)out ... reluctance
'5& fearful of ... determination
'6& curious a)out ... aspiration
'7& !no+led0ea)le a)out ... hope
2. 6ata concernin0 the effects on a small population of
hi0h concentrations of a potentiall ha:ardous
chemical are fre-uentl used to UUUU the effects on a
lar0e population of lo+er amounts of the same
chemical.
'"& (erif
'4& redress
'5& predict
'6& reali:e
'7& au0ment
3. 5onceptuall# it is hard to reconcile a defense
attorneCs UUUU to ensure that false testimon is not
!no+in0l put for+ard +ith the attorneCs mandate to
mount the most UUUU defense concei(a)le for the
client.
'"& efforts ... cautious
'4& dut ... po+erful
'5& ina)ilit ... elo-uent
'6& failure ... di(ersified
'7& promises ... informed
$. The term

modern

has al+as )een used )roadl

) historians# and recent reports indicate that its
meanin0 has )ecome more UUUU than e(er.
'"& precise
'4& peEorati(e
'5& re(isionist
'6& accepta)le
'7& amorphous
5. ;e +ould UUUU no ar0ument# and to this end he
enEoined us to UUUU.
'"& )roo! ... silence
'4& ac!no+led0e ... ne0lect
'5& )roach ... a)stinence
'6& fathom ... secrec
'7& tolerate ... defiance
6. <ri0inall# most intellectual criticism of mass culture
+as UUUU in character# )ein0 )ased on the assumption
that the +ider the appeal# the more UUUU the product.
'"& unpredicta)le ... undesira)le
'4& ironic ... popular
'5& e/treme ... outlandish
'6& fri(olous ... superfluous
'7& ne0ati(e ... shodd
%. >urprisin0l# 0i(en the dearth of rain that fell on the
com crop# the ield of the har(est +as UUUUP
conse-uentl# the corn reser(es of the countr ha(e
not )een UUUU.
'"& inade-uate ... replenished
'4& encoura0in0 ... depleted
'5& compromised ... sal(a0ed
'6& a)undant ... e/tended
'7& disappointin0 ... harmed
8. @7D7II7GTF "TT@"5TFF
'"& elasticF stretch
'4& sensiti(eF cooperate
'5& pro0ressi(eF chan0e
'6& flamma)leF i0nite
'7& ephemeralF endure
*. "G"@5;2>TF L<K7@G?7GTFF
'"& le0islatorF ta/ation
'4& reformerF )ureaucrac
'5& EuristF la+
'6& >H==@"L2>T F K<T2GL
'7& a)olitionistF sla(er
10. "6?<G2>;F 67G<HG57FF
'"& challen0eF o(ercome
'4& re+ardF praise
'5& controlF contain
25%
GRE (99.4)
'6& persuadeF con(ince
'7& punishF pillor
11. R<K7F DHG5; I2G7FF
'"& sermonF con0re0ation
'4& conceitF alle0or
'5& rhetoricF persuasion
'6& conspiracF arrest
'7& plotF denouement
12. K77@F 62@75T2<GFF
'"& ali0nF connection
'4& filterF contamination
'5& con(ertF )elief
'6& deflectF moti(ation
'7& su)stantiateF authenticit
13. @7D@<4"T7F ?2>47;"K7FF
'"& scophantF fa+n
'4& criticF re)u!e
'5& ruffianF tease
'6& cnicF )rood
'7& narcissistF co(et
1$. 2?D7@K2<H>F D7G7T@"T7FF
'"& inelucta)leF a(oid
'4& ineradica)leF dama0e
'5& )oorishF flatter
'6& irrepressi)leF censure
'7& disrupti(eF restrain
15. 5<G>7G>H>F ="5T2<G"I2>?FF
'"& ritualF orthodo/
'4& realitF plausi)ilit
'5& reasonF thou0ht
'6& claritF confusion
'7& leadershipF su)ordination
16. ?"@T2G7TF 62>52DI2G7FF
'"& illusionistF misdirection
'4& dilettanteF commitment
'5& rene0adeF alle0iance
'6& pedantF learnin0
'7& hac!F +ritin0
4enEamin =ran!lin esta)lished that li0htnin0 is
the transfer of positi(e or ne0ati(e electrical char0e
)et+een re0ions of a cloud or from cloud to earth.
&i$ >uch transfers re-uire that electricall neutral clouds#
,-. +ith uniform char0e distri)utions# )ecome electrified
) separation of char0es into distinct re0ions. The
0reater this separation is# the 0reater the (olta0e. or
electrical potential of the cloud. >cientists still do not
no+ the precise distri)ution of char0es in thunder-
,(*. clouds nor ho+ separation ade-uate to support the
hu0e (olta0es tpical of li0htnin0 )olts arises.
"ccordin0 to one theor# the precipitation hpothesis#
char0e separation occurs as a result of precipitation.
Iar0er droplets in a thundercloud precipitate do+n-
,(-. +ard past smaller suspended droplets. 5ollisions
amon0 droplets transfer ne0ati(e char0e to precip-
itatin0 droplets# lea(in0 the suspended droplets +ith
a positi(e char0e# thus producin0 a positi(e dipole in
+hich the lo+er re0ion of the thundercloud is filled
,/*. +ith ne0ati(el char0ed raindrops and the upper +ith
positi(el char0ed suspended droplets.
1%. The passa0e is primaril concerned +ith discussin0
+hich of the follo+in03
'"& " central issue in the e/planation of ho+
li0htnin0 occurs
'4& 4enEamin =ran!linCs acti(ities as a scientist
'5& @esearch into the stren0th and distri)ution of
thunderstorms
'6& The direction of mo(ement of electrical char0es
in thunderclouds
'7& The relation )et+een a cloudCs char0e
distri)ution and its (olta0e
18. The passa0e su00ests that li0htnin0 )olts tpicall
'"& produce a distri)ution of char0es called a
positi(e dipole in the clouds +here the
ori0inate
'4& result in the mo(ement of ne0ati(e char0es to
the centers of the clouds +here the ori0inate
'5& result in the suspension of lar0e# positi(el
char0ed raindrops at the tops of the clouds
+here the ori0inate
'6& ori0inate in clouds that ha(e lar0e num)ers of
ne0ati(el char0ed droplets in their upper
258
GRE (99.4)
re0ions
'7& ori0inate in clouds in +hich the positi(e and
ne0ati(e char0es are not uniforml distri)uted
1*. "ccordin0 to the passa0e# 4enEamin =ran!lin
contri)uted to the scientific stud of li0htnin0 )
'"& testin0 a theor proposed earlier# sho+in0 it to
)e false# and de(elopin0 an alternati(e# far more
successful theor of his o+n
'4& ma!in0 an important disco(er that is still
important for scientific in(esti0ations of
li0htnin0
'5& introducin0 a hpothesis that# thou0h recentl
sho+n to )e false# pro(ed to )e a useful source
of insi0hts for scientists studin0 li0htnin0
'6& de(elopin0 a techni-ue that has ena)led
scientists to measure more precisel the
phenomena that affect the stren0th and location
of li0htnin0 )olts
'7& predictin0 correctl that t+o factors pre(iousl
thou0ht unrelated to li0htnin0 +ould e(entuall
)e sho+n to contri)ute Eointl to the stren0th
and location of li0htnin0 )olts
20. 8hich of the follo+in0# if true# +ould most seriousl
undermine the precipitation hpothesis# as it is set
forth in the passa0e3
'"& Iar0er clouds are more li!el than smaller
clouds to )e characteri:ed ) complete
separation of positi(e and ne0ati(e char0es.
'4& 2n smaller clouds li0htnin0 more often occurs
+ithin the cloud than )et+een the cloud and the
earth.
'5& Iar0e raindrops mo(e more rapidl in small
clouds than the do in lar0e clouds.
'6& 5louds that are smaller than a(era0e in si:e
rarel# if e(er# produce li0htnin0 )olts.
'7& 2n clouds of all si:es ne0ati(e char0es
concentrate in the center of the clouds +hen the
clouds )ecome electricall char0ed
4efore Iaura Lilpin '18*1-1*%*&# fe+ +omen in
the histor of photo0raph had so de(oted themsel(es
to chroniclin0 the landscape. <ther +omen had photo-
&i$ 0raphed the land# )ut none can )e re0arded as a land-
,-. scape photo0rapher +ith a sustained )od of +or!
documentin0 the phsical terrain. "nne 4ri0man
often photo0raphed +oodlands and coastal areas# )ut
The +ere 0enerall settin0s for her artfull placed
su)Eects. 6orothea Ian0eCs landscapes +ere al+as
,(*. concei(ed of as counterparts to her portraits of rural
+omen.
"t the same time that LilpinCs interest in landscape
+or! distin0uished her from most other +omen pho-
to0raphers# her approach to landscape photo0raph set
,(-. her apart from men photo0raphers +ho# li!e Lilpin#
documented the +estern Hnited >tates. 8estern
"merican landscape photo0raph 0re+ out of a male
tradition# pioneered ) photo0raphers attached to
0o(ernment and commercial sur(e teams that +ent
,/*. +est in the 1860Cs and 18%0Cs. These e/plorer-
photo0raphers documented the 8est that their
emploers +anted to seeF an e/otic and maEestic land
shaped ) a+esome natural forces# unpopulated and
read for "merican settlement. The ne/t 0eneration
,/-. of male photo0raphers# represented ) "nsel "dams
and 7liot Dorter# often +or!ed +ith conser(ationist
0roups rather than 0o(ernment a0encies or commer-
cial companies# )ut the nonetheless preser(ed the
NheroicO stle and maintained the role of respectful
,0*. outsider peerin0 in +ith re(erence at a fra0ile natural
+orld.
=or Lilpin# ) contrast# the landscape +as neither
an empt (ista a+aitin0 human settlement nor a
Ee+el-li!e scene resistin0 human intrusion# )ut a
,0-. peopled landscape +ith a rich histor and tradition of
its o+n# an en(ironment that shaped and molded the
li(es of its inha)itants. ;er photo0raphs of the @io
Lrande# for e/ample# consistentl depict the ri(er in
terms of its si0nificance to human cultureF as a source
,1*. of irri0ation +ater# a source of food for li(estoc!# and
a pro(ider of to+n sites. "lso instructi(e is LilpinCs
0eneral a(oidance of e/treme close-ups of her natural
su)EectsF for her# em)lematic details could ne(er
su00est the intricacies of the interrelationship )et+een
,1-. people and nature that made the landscape a compel-
lin0 su)Eect. 8hile it is dan0erous to dra+ conclusions
a)out a

feminine

+a of seein0 from the +or!

of
one +oman# it can nonetheless )e ar0ued that LilpinCs
uni-ue approach to landscape photo0raph +as anal-
25*
GRE (99.4)
,-*. o0ous to the +or! of man +omen +riters +ho# far
more than their male counterparts# descri)ed the land-
scape in terms of its potential to sustain human life.
Lilpin ne(er spo!e of herself as a photo0rapher
+ith a feminine perspecti(eF she esche+ed an
,--. discussion of 0ender as it related to her +or! and
maintained little interest in interpretations that relied
on the concept of a N+omanCs ee.O Thus it is ironic
that her photo0raphic e(ocation of a historical
landscape should so clearl present a distincti(el
feminine approach to landscape photo0raph.
21. 8hich of the follo+in0 )est e/presses the main idea
of the passa0e3
'"& LilpinCs landscape photo0raphs more accuratel
documented the >outh+est than did the
photo0raphs of e/plorers and conser(ationists.
'4& LilpinCs stle of landscape photo0raph
su)stantiall influenced the heroic stle
practiced ) her male counterparts.
'5& The la)elin0 of LilpinCs stle of landscape
photo0raph as feminine i0nores important ties
)et+een it and the heroic stle.
'6& LilpinCs +or! e/emplifies an ar0ua)l feminine
stle of landscape photo0raph that contrasts
+ith the stle used ) her male predecessors.
'7& LilpinCs stle +as stron0l influenced ) the
+or! of +omen +riters +ho descri)ed the
landscape in terms of its relationship to people.
22. 2t can )e inferred from the passa0e that the teams
mentioned in line 1* +ere most interested in +hich
of the follo+in0 aspects of the land in the +estern
Hnited >tates3
'"& 2ts fra0ilit in the face of increased human
intrusion
'4& 2ts role in shapin0 the li(es of indi0enous
peoples
'5& 2ts potential for sustainin0 future settlements
'6& 2ts importance as an en(ironment for @"@7
DI"GT> "G6 "G2?"I>
'7& 2ts unusual (ulnera)ilit to e/treme natural
forces
23. The author of the passa0e claims that +hich of the
follo+in0 is the primar reason +h Lilpin
0enerall a(oided e/treme close-ups of natural
su)Eects3
'"& Lilpin )elie(ed that pictures of natural details
could not depict the interrelationship )et+een the
land and humans.
'4& Lilpin considered close-up photo0raph to )e
too closel associated +ith her predecessors.
'5& Lilpin )elie(ed that all of her photo0raphs
should include people in them.
'6& Lilpin associated close-up techni-ues +ith
photo0raph used for commercial purposes.
'7& Lilpin feared that pictures of small details +ould
su00est an indifference to the fra0ilit of the
land as a +hole.
2$. The passa0e su00ests that a photo0rapher +ho
practiced the heroic stle +ould )e most li!el to
emphasi:e +hich of the follo+in0 in a photo0raphic
series focusin0 on the @io Lrande 3
'"& 2ndi0enous people and their ancient customs
relatin0 to the ri(er
'4& The e/ploits of na(i0ators and e/plorers
'5& Hnpopulated# pristine parts of the ri(er and its
surroundin0s
'6& 7/istin0 commercial (entures that relied hea(il
on the ri(er
'7& The dams and other monumental en0ineerin0
structures )uilt on the ri(er
25. 2t can )e inferred from the passa0e that the first t+o
0enerations of landscape photo0raphers in the
+estern Hnited >tates had +hich of the follo+in0 in
common3
'"& The photo0raphed the land as an entit that had
little interaction +ith human culture.
'4& The ad(anced the philosoph that
photo0raphers should resist alliances +ith
political or commercial 0roups.
'5& The +ere con(inced that the pristine condition
of the land needed to )e preser(ed )
0o(ernment action.
'6& The photo0raphed the land as a place read for
increased settlement.
'7& The photo0raphed onl those locations +here
260
GRE (99.4)
humans had settled.
26. 4ased on the description of her +or!s in the passa0e#
+hich of the follo+in0 +ould most li!el )e a
su)Eect for a photo0raph ta!en ) Lilpin3
'"& " (ista of a canon still untouched ) human
culture
'4& " portrait of a (isitor to the 8est a0ainst a desert
)ac!drop
'5& " (ie+ of historic Gati(e "merican d+ellin0s
car(ed into the side of a natural cliff
'6& " picture of artifacts from the 8est )ein0
transported to the eastern Hnited >tates for retail
sale
'7& "n a)stract pattern created ) the shado+s of
clouds on the desert
2%. The author of the passa0e mentions +omen +riters
in line 50 most li!el in order to
'"& counter a +idel held criticism of her ar0ument
'4& )olster her ar0ument that LilpinCs stle can )e
characteri:ed as a feminine stle
'5& su00est that Lilpin too! some of her ideas for
photo0raphs from landscape descriptions )
+omen +riters
'6& clarif the interrelationship )et+een human
culture and the land that Lilpin +as attemptin0
to capture
'7& offer an analo0 )et+een photo0raphic close-ups
and literar descriptions of small details
28. =25TTT2<H>F
'"& classical
'4& natural
'5& factual
'6& rational
'7& commonplace
2*.4@26I76F
'"& +ithout recourse
'4& +ithout restraint
'5& +ithout meanin0
'6& +ithout curiosit
'7& +ithout su)tlet
30. 5"DT2K"T7F
'"& repulse
'4& mali0n
'5& proscri)e
'6& send out
'7& deli(er from
31. 62>>2D"T7F
'"& accumulate
'4& emer0e
'5& o(er+helm
'6& adhere
'7& in(i0orate
32.<>T@"52V7F
'"& clarif
'4& su)due
'5& +elcome
'6& rene+
'7& cra(e
33. I<"T;F
'"& cle(er
'4& reasona)le
'5& fortunate
'6& ea0er
'7& confident
3$. K2T2"T7F
'"& in0ratiate
'4& con(ince
'5& re0ulate
'6& fortif
'7& constrict
35.I"K2>;F
'"& insist
'4& critici:e
'5& undermine
'6& stint
'7& +aste
36.K2THD7@"T2K7F
'"& complimentar
261
GRE (99.4)
'4& dema0o0ic
'5& hopeful
'6& admira)le
'7& (eracious
3%.?<@24HG6F
'"& discontinuous
'4& natural
'5& nascent
'6& rational
'7& dominant
38. 5"T;<I25F
'"& narro+
'4& soft
'5& tri(ial
'6& calm
'7&-uic!
SECTION 6
Time-30 ?inutes
25 Questions
Questions 1-%
" scientist +ill perform si/ e/periments - D# @# T# Q# J#
and : - durin0 a three-month period# "u0ust throu0h
<cto)er. 2n each of the three months# e/actl t+o of the
e/periments +ill )e performed. 7ach e/periment +ill
start on the first da of a month and )e completed durin0
that month# The order in +hich the e/periments are
performed +ill also )e 0o(erned ) the follo+in0
restrictionsF
@ must )e performed in "u0ust or in >eptem)er.
T must )e performed in >eptem)er or in <cto)er.
T cannot )e performed in the same month in +hich
Q is performed.
Q must )e performed in an earlier month than the
month in +hich V is performed.
1. 8hich of the follo+in0 can )e the schedule for the si/
e/periments3
"u0ust

>eptem)er

<cto)er
'"& D# @ T# Q J# V
'4& @# T Q# J D# V
'5& @# Q T# J D# V
'6& Q# J D# V @# T
'7& J# V @# T D# Q
2. "n of the follo+in0 e/periments can )e performed in
"u0ust 7Q57DT
'"& D
'4& @
'5& Q
'6& J
'7& V
3. 2f T is performed in >eptem)er# +hich of the
follo+in0 must )e true3
'"& D is performed in "u0ust.
'4& @ is performed in >eptem)er.
'5& Q is performed in "u0ust.
'6& J is performed in >eptem)er.
'7& V is performed in <cto)er.
262
GRE (99.4)
$. 2f @ is performed in the same month as V# +hich of
the follo+in0 can )e the pair of e/periments
performed in <cto)er3
'"& D and Q
'4& D and J
'5& @ and V
'6& T and J
'7& Q and J
5. 2f T is performed in the month )efore V is performed#
+hich of the follo+in0 is a pair of e/periments that
can )e performed in the same month as each other3
'"& D and @
'4& D and J
'5& @ and J
'6& @ and V
'7& Q and J
6. 2f D is performed in the same month as J# +hich of the
follo+in0 must )e true3
'"& @ is performed in the same month as T.
'4& @ is performed in the same month as Q.
'5& T is performed in "u0ust.
'6& Q is performed in "u0ust.
'7& J is performed in <cto)er.
%. 2f Q is performed in the month )efore J is performed#
+hich of the follo+in0 must )e true3
'"& D is performed in "u0ust.
'4& @ is performed in >eptem)er.
'5& T is performed in >eptem)er.
'6& Q is performed in "u0ust.
'7& V is performed in <cto)er.
8. @o0erF @eadin0 a lot as a child causes nearsi0ht-
edness-difficult seein0 thin0s at a distance.
IouiseF 2 disa0ree. "n correlation )et+een near-
si0htedness and readin0 results from the fact
that children +ho ha(e trou)le seein0 thin0s at
a distance are li!eliest to prefer those
acti(ities# such as readin0# that in(ol(e
loo!in0 at thin0s close up.
Iouise disputes @o0erCs claim )
'"& demonstratin0 that an a)surd conclusion +ould
follo+ if @o0erCs claim +ere accepted
'4& ar0uin0 that +hat @o0er claims to )e a cause of a
0i(en phenomenon is actuall its effect
'5& usin0 an analo0 to e/pose a fla+ in @o0erCs
reasonin0
'6& pointin0 out that @o0erCs claim is self-
contradictor
'7& attemptin0 to demonstrate that @o0er uses the
term

nearsi0htedness

in an am)i0uous +a
*. Jears a0o# consumers in =rieland )e0an pain0 an
ener0 ta/ in the form of t+o =rieland pennies for
each unit of ener0 consumed that came from
nonrene+a)le sources. =ollo+in0 the introduction of
this ener0 ta/# there +as a stead reduction in the
total earl consumption of ener0 from
nonrene+a)le sources.
2f the statements in the passa0e are true# then +hich of
the follo+in0 must on the )asis of them )e true3
'"& There +as a stead decline in the earl re(enues
0enerated ) the ener0 ta/ in =rieland.
'4& There +as a stead decline in the total amount of
ener0 consumed each ear in =rieland.
'5&There +as a stead increase in the use of
rene+a)le ener0 sources in =rieland
'6& The re(enues 0enerated ) the ener0 ta/ +ere
used to promote the use of ener0 from rene+a)le
sources.
'7& The use of rene+a)le ener0 sources in =rieland
0reatl increased relati(e to the use of
nonrene+a)le ener0 sources.
Questions 10-1$
" seatin0 arran0ement is )ein0 planned for a 0roup of
ei0ht people - three +omenF R# K# and IP t+o menF G and
< Pand three childrenF @# ># and T# 7ach of the ei0ht +ill
sit at e/actl one of three ta)les accordin0 to the
follo+in0 conditionsF
Go ta)le can ha(e more than three people sittin0 at
it .
7ach ta)le must ha(e one of the children sittin0 at it .
< and > must sit at the same ta)le as each other.
K and I cannot sit at the same ta)le as each other.
G and @ cannot sit at the same ta)le as each other.
10. 2f < sits at the same ta)le as K# +hich of the
follo+in0 must sit at the same ta)le as each other3
263
GRE (99.4)
'"& R and T
'4& I and @
'5& G and K
'6& G and T
'7& < and G
11. 8hich of the follo+in0 can sit at a ta)le +ith I and
@3
'"& R
'4& K
'5& G
'6& <
'7& T
12. 2f G sits at the same ta)le as ># +hich of the
follo+in0 can )e true 3
'"& R sits at a ta)le +ith onl one other person.
'4& I sits at a ta)le +ith onl one other person.
'5& K sits at the same ta)le as <.
'6& R sits at the same ta)le as G.
'7& I sits at the same ta)le as >.
13. 7ach of the follo+in0 is a pair of people +ho can sit
at the same ta)le as each other 7Q57DT
'"& R and <
'4& K and >
'5& I and @
'6& G and >
'7& < and T
1$. 2f < and > are the onl people sittin0 at one of the
ta)les# +hich of the follo+in0 can )e the 0roup of
people sittin0 at one of the other t+o ta)les3
'"& R# K# and G
'4& K# I# and T
'5& K# G# and T
'6& K# @# and T
'7& I# G# and @
15. 6espite a dramatic increase in the num)er of people
ridin0 )iccles for recreation in Dar!(ille. a recent
report ) the Dar!(ille 6epartment of Transportation
sho+s that the num)er of accidents in(ol(in0
)iccles has decreased for the third consecuti(e ear.
8hich of the follo+in0# if true durin0 the last three
ears# )est reconciles the apparent discrepanc in the
facts a)o(e3
'"& The Dar!(ille 6epartment of @ecreation
confiscated a)andoned )iccles and sold them at
auction to an interested Dar!(ille residents.
'4& 2ncreased automo)ile and )us traffic in Dar!(ille
has )een the leadin0 cause of the most recent
increase in automo)ile accidents.
'5& 4ecause of the local increase in the num)er of
people )icclin0 for recreation. man out -of
-to+n )icclists ride in the Dar!(ille area.
'6& The Dar!(ille Dolice 6epartment enforced traffic
rules for )iccle riders much more (i0orousl
and )e0an re-uirin0 recreational riders to pass a
)iccle safet course.
'7& The Dar!(ille 6epartment of Transportation
canceled a pro0ram that re-uired all )iccles to
)e inspected and re0istered each ear.
16. 6o stron0 electric currents# ) means of the
electroma0netic fields that accompan them# cause
cancer in people +ho li(e and +or! near)3
Telephone line +or!ers. +ho +or! near such
currents e(er da# can pro(ide a test case. The
sho+ ele(ated le(els of )rain cancer# therefore# the
hpothesis of electroma0netic causation is
supported.
8hich of the follo+in0 if true# most seriousl
+ea!ens the ar0ument3
'"& 4urin0 po+er lines and other measures to
protect the pu)lic from such electroma0netic
fields +ould )e prohi)iti(el e/pensi(e.
'4& Telephone line +or!ers are e/posed to le(els of
chemical sol(ents hi0h enou0h to cause )rain
cancer.
'5& ;i0h e/posure to stron0 electroma0netic fields
is correlated +ith a sli0htl hi0her-than-normal
incidence of childhood leu!emia# +hich is a
form of cancer.
'6& Du)lic health officials +ho found that a 0roup of
different illnesses in people li(in0 near a po+er
su)station could not relia)l )e attri)uted to its
electroma0netic field +ere accused of co(erin0
up the facts.
'7& Telephone line +or!ers# li!e most people. ha(e
26$
GRE (99.4)
electrical appliances at home# and most
electrical appliances# +hen turned on# are
surrounded ) and electroma0netic field of some
measura)le le(el.
Questions 1%-20
" li)rar is e-uipped +ith a sstem of pneumatic tu)es
for sendin0 documents from one to another of e/actl
si/ departments-L# ;# I# ?# ># and T. " tu)e line is a
pair of tu)es that connects one department +ith e/actl
one other department# +ith documents mo(in0 in one
direction in one tu)e and in the opposite direction in the
other tu)e. The li)rarCs sstem consists of the follo+in0
se(en tu)e lines and no others.
Iine 1 connects ; and I.
Iine 2 connects ; and >.
Iine 3 connects I and T.
Iine $ connects > and T.
Iine 5 connects ? and T.
Iine 6 connects I and ?.
Iine % connects L and ;.
Hse of the sstem is su)Eect to the follo+in0 restrictionsF
6ocuments to )e sent )et+een departments that are
not connected ) a tu)e line can )e transferred
from one line to another at departments ser(ed )
t+o or more lines# until the document reaches its
destination.
" document cannot use an tu)e line more than once
on its +a to its destination# nor can the document
return to its department of ori0in on its +a to its
destination.
1%. "n of the follo+in0 is an accepta)le path+a for a
document to )e sent from > to ?# listin0 all lines
used in order from the line first used to the line last
used# 7Q57DT
'"& line $. line 5
'4& line 2. line 3. line 5
'5& line 2. line 1# line 6
'6& line $. line 1# line 6
'7& line 2# line 1# line 3# line5.
18. 8hich of the follo+in0 is a complete and accurate
list of the lines an one of +hich could )e the
second line used ) a document sent from T to L3
'"& Iines 1# 2# and 3
'4& Iines 1# 2# and $
'5& Iines 1# 2# and 6
'6& Iines 2# 3# and $
'7& Iines 2# 3# and 6
1*. 2f line 3 cannot )e used# a document to )e sent from
T to ; that uses as fe+ tu)e lines as possi)le must
use line
'"& 1
'4& 2
'5& 5
'6& 6
'7& %
20. " path+a from ? to ; that includes as man tu)e
lines as possi)le must include lines
'"& 1 and 2
'4& 1 and 3
'5& 3 and $
'6& $ and 5
'7& 5 and 6
Questions 21-23
7i0ht fi0ure s!aters -four +omenF =iona# Lloria# ;eidi# and RillP and four menF
@a(i# >hi0eru# To)# and Kernon-+ill participate in a one-da s!atin0 e/hi)ition
consistin0 of four consecuti(el performed sets - set 1 throu0h set $. 7ach set
+ill )e performed in e/actl one pair of s!aters# one man and one +oman. 7ach
s!ater +ill performed ) e/actl one of the sets# su)Eect to the follo+in0
constraintsF
@a(i s!ates in an earlier set than Kernon does.
=iona s!ates in either set 1 or set $.
Rill does not s!ate +ith To).
>hi0eru s!ates +ith either =iona or Lloria.
265
GRE (99.4)
21. 8hich of the follo+in0 could )e the pairs of s!aters +ho s!ate in each set#
from set 1 throu0h set $3

>et 1

>et 2

>et 3

>et $
'"& =iona. @a(i Rill# To) Lloria# >hi0eru ;eidi. Kernon
'4& Lloria. >hi0eru ;eidi# @a(i =iona# To) Rill# Kernon
'5& ;eidi. >hi0eru Lloria# @a(i Rill. Kernon =iona. To)
'6& ;eidi# To) Lloria# >hi0eru Rill. @a(i =iona# Kernon
'7& Rill. Kernon ;eidi# @a(i Lloria. >hi0eru =iona. To)
22. 2f Lloria s!ates +ith To) in set 1# +hich of the
follo+in0 must )e true3
'"& Kernon s!ates in set 2.
'4& >hi0eru s!ates in set $.
'5& @a(i s!ates in set 3.
'6& Rill s!ates in set $.
'7& ;eidi s!ates in set 3.
23. 2f ;eidi s!ates in set 1 and To) s!ates in set 2.
+hich of the follo+in0 must )e true3
'"& =iona s!ates +ith @a(i.
'4& Lloria s!ates +ith @a(i.
'5& Lloria s!ates +ith >hi0eru.
'6& Lloria s!ates +ith Kernon.
'7& Rill s!ates +ith Kernon.
2$. Geither the >ami nor the Kephrian dele0ations
attended the international conference. 4eforehand.
the dele0ations of 6a-ua and Kephria. allies +hose
0o(ernments had 0rie(ances a0ainst Tessia.
officiall announced that one or )oth of the t+o
+ould sta a+a if the Tessian dele0ation attended
the conference. 2n response# the >ami dele0ation
officiall announced that it +ould definitel attend if
)oth the 6a-uan and Kephrian dele0ations staed
a+a.
2f the statements 0i(en are all true and all the
dele0ations adhered to their official announcements.
it must also )e true that the
'"& 6a-uan dele0ation attended the conference
'4& 6a-uan dele0ation did not attend the conference
'5& >ami 0o(ernment had no 0rie(ance a0ainst
Tessia
'6& Tessian dele0ation did not attend the conference
'7& Tessian dele0ation made no official
announcement re0ardin0 its attendance at the
conference
25. <n turnin0 65 ears old# e(erone li(in0 in the to+n
of ?alton )ecomes eli0i)le to recei(e a card that
0uarantees discounts on most 0oods and ser(ices
sold in the to+n. 5ensus records for 1**0 sho+ that
2# $50 inha)itants of ?alton turned 6$ in that ear.
Jet . in 1**1 o(er 3#000 people applied for and
properl recei(ed discount cards. >o clearl some of
?altonCs population 0ro+th )et+een 1**0 and 1**2
must )e attri)uta)le to mi0ration into the cit )
people in their mid -60Cs
8hich of the follo+in0 is an assumption on +hich
the ar0ument depends3
'"& The to+n of ?alton has no complete census
records for 1**1.
'4& The o(erall si:e of the population of ?alton
0re+ ) o(er 500 durin0 1**0.
'5& =e+er people applied for and recei(ed discount
cards in 1**1 than did so in 1**2.
'6& "mon0 the people 65 ears old or older +ho
mo(ed into ?alton in 1**1. there +as no one
+ho did not appl for a discount card .
'7& 2n 0eneral. people +ho applied for and recei(ed
discount cards in 1**1 first )ecame eli0i)le to
do so in that ear
266
GRE (99.4)
26%