By Sumantri Pramudiyanto (+6281703544310)

Jakarta, April 7
th
, 2009


GSM Cell Planning and Optimization
Study Case : Sragen Area
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Content
Cell Planning Process
Idle Mode Operation
BSS Parameter
RF Optimization flow chart
Study Cases of RF Optimization
Cell Planning Process
Cell planning can be described briefly as all the activities involved in
determining which sites will be used for the radio equipment, which
equipment will be used and how the equipment will be configured

Traffic and coverage Analysis
Collecting required data
Making discussion with the client to know their demand.
Analyzing traffic and coverage





Required data :
Geography data
Demography data
Data of around network
Available frequency
Number of customer which
wish to cover

Customer demand :
GOS 2%
95 % Indoor coverage
(C/I > 12 db) > 95%
Nominal Cell Plan - Dimensioning (1)
Geography and Demography data taken from sragen.go.id

Table 1 Geographic +Demographic data Table 2 Demographic data per years

Wide of area which will be covered
Target subscriber
After the data available, we need to divided the region into
smaller cluster, then classify the subdistrict into cluster
depend on traffic, contour area, and etc.
From the demographic data (Table 2) , we able to calculate
% growth of population.


573333 = 437556 x (1+r)
6
r = 0.046
Assume that, in 2010 the operator want to cover 10 %
subscriber in the region, so the number of subscribers to be
covered :
Pt = 10 % x 57333 x (1+0.046)
3
Pt = 65629
If traffic allocation per subscriber equal to 60mE then total
traffic in Sragen area = 65629 x 60 mE = 3937.74 E



n
r Po Pt ) 1 (
Nominal Cell Plan - Dimensioning (2)
From the geographic data we can determine Erlang distribution by
density in each cluster.




The next step, we can calculate the number of required sites depend on
traffic.
Using erlang B table we can count number of sites for cluster sragen tengah
(GOS 2%, 1585.85 Erlang) 1586 TS ~ 227 TRX
Sragen tengah locate in center of town and has high traffic we use
configuration 5/5/5 so the number of sites required in this cluster :
227/15 TRX = 15 Sites
With the same way we can calculate number of sites for the others cluster:
Sragen Timur = 9 sites (Config 4/4/4)
Sragen Barat = 12 sites (Config 4/4/4)
Sragen Utara = 9 sites (Config 4/4/4)


Nominal Cell Plan Link Budget
Link Budget Calculation is required to achieve system balance between
uplink and downlink signal.
Output from system balance is a cell size in every sites.
We can calculate coverage area per sites in suburban and rural cluster by
equation L = k x R
2

L
site suburban
= 1.95 x (1.865)
2
= 6.78 km
2
L
site rural
= 1.95 x (2.67)
2
= 13.90 km
2
The next step, calculating number of sites related to coverage.
Choose the biggest one
Nominal Cell Plan - Result
Sragen Utara
Sragen Timur
Sragen Tengah
Sragen Barat
CW Test / Model Tuning
In order to find out appropriate
propagation model, RF Engineer
should perform CW Test.
Drivetesting should be performed
encircle the route and represent
all of azimuth.
Input all of drivetesting result to
the planning tools then
conducting calibration to get
appropriate propagation model.
Survey
Survey is required to ensure whether the nominal cell
position can be realized or not ?
In general, The RF Team should give alternative
nominal or informed SAR ( 300m) to survey team, in
case the nominal cannot be realized.
The survey team should take the panoramic photo
around the nominal (0-360 degree), and report to the
RF team if appear obstacle around the nominal.
Panoramic photo used to determine coverage
target/azimuth
Survey team also need to survey : road to nominal,
electricity, space for equipment.
Detail Planning
All of nominal coordinates must be fixed in detail
planning phase.
Scope of works in Detail Planning :
Frequency Planning
Parameter Planning (BSIC, MAList, MAIO, HSN, etc)
Adjacency planning
The main key in conducting frequency planning is
avoiding co-channel and adjacent interference.
For TCH Frequency planning, we able to apply SFH or
Baseband hopping in order to reduce the interference.




Detail Planning Frequencies
Allocation
SFH Pattern 1x1 will be applied in this implementation
Number of Malist frequencies can be calculated by using
equation :

Maximum configuration for the sites 5/5/5, so that number of
required frequencies :
N
freqs/site
= (12 3 ) x 2 + 3.2 = 24 Frequencies

FL =
N
TRX
# Hoppers
X 100%
3 sectors with 24 hopping frequencies :
-TCH = 3 TRXs FL = (3/24)*100% = 12,5%
-TCH = 4 TRXs FL = (4/24)*100% = 16,67%
Detail Planning Frequencies Allocation
MAIO = 0 8 16
MAIO Step = 2
SFH Allocation untill configuration 5/5/5
Detail Planning HSN Planning
Drivetest for QOD Program.ppt / 24.04.2008 /
VS
HSN used to the parameter that differentiates the
hopping algorithm between two cells having the same
MAList.
We can choose best pairs HSN to reduce collision
frequencies between server and adjacent.

Detail Planning Coverage Result
NCC = 4,5
NCC = 2,3
NCC = 0,1
NCC = 5,6
Detail Planning Interference Prediction
Installation and System Tuning
After Installation done, the installation team need to
conduct commisioning (VSWR Measurement, check
hardware installation )
The Drive test team also need to verify whether the
BTS serving target correctly or not
Then, Acceptance Test Procedure is conducted to
check how well the KPI meets the demand.
Pre Launch Optimization performed to achieve the KPI
Target for new site or TRX expansion.


IDLE MODE OPERATION
Normal Cell Selection

Search all the RF channels , take samples during 3-5 s and
calculate averages. And put them in ascending order with respect to
signal level. Then tune to the strongest RF channel.

Search for the frequency correction burst in that
carrier in order to varify if it is a BCCH carrier
Camp on the cell

Try to synchronize to the carrier and read
the BCCH data.

Is it a BCCH
carrier?
Is it a correct
PLMN ?
Is the cell barred?
Is C1>0
Tune to the next highest
RF channel which is not
tried before
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
C1 = (A - Max(B,0))
A = Received Level Average -
p1
B = p2 - Maximum RF Output
Power of the Mobile Station
p1 = rxLevelAccessMin
Min. received level at the
MS required for access to
the system
p2 = msTxPowerMaxCCH Max.
Tx power level an MS may
use when accessing the
system

Cell Reselection

C1 + cellReselectOffset - temporaryOffset*H(penaltyTime-T) T < = penaltyTime
C2 =
C1 + cellReselectOffset . T > penaltyTime
1 when T < = penaltyTime
H(x) =
0 when T > penaltyTime
Cell Reselection Histerysis
BSS Parameter
BTS Parameter
RxLevAMI (0-63) Minimum signal strength for access the BTS in idle mode.
CRESOFF (Cell Reselection Offset) (0-25) used for C2 Calculation, normally used in dual
band network (GSM<>DCS)
RACHBT (RACH Busy Threshold) (0-127) defines a threshold for the signal level on the
RACH
HRACTT1 (0-100) Half Rate Activation Threshold
T3212 (0-255) Parameter LUP Periodically
MAXRETR (1,2,4,7) Maximum Retransmission on RACH
SDCCHCONGTH (0-100) SDCCH Congestion threshold
RDLNKTO (0-15) Timer for Radiolink timeout

Power Control Parameter
LOWTLEVD/U (0-63) the lower threshold of the received signal level on the downlink/uplink
for power increase
UPTLEVU/D (0-63) defines the upper threshold of the received signal level on the
uplink/downlink for power reduction
LOWTQUAD/U (0-7) the lower threshold of the received signal quality on the downlink for
power increase
UPTQUAU/D (0-7) defines the upper threshold of the received signal quality on the uplink
for power reduction
PWRINCSS (DB 2,4,6) defines the step size used when increasing the MS transmit power
PWREDSS (DB 2,4) defines the step size used when reducing the MS transmit power





BSS Parameter (2)
Handover Parameter
HOLTHLVDL/UL (0-63) defines the receive signal level threshold on the downlink
/uplink for inter-cell level handover decision.
HOLTHQUDL/UL (0-7) defines the receive signal quality threshold on the
downlink/uplink for inter-cell quality handover decision

Adjacent Parameter
RXLEVMIN the minimum received signal level the adjacent cell must provide to be
regarded as a suitable target cell for handover
HOM Handover margin for better cell
LEVHOM parameter defines the handover margin for handovers due to uplink level or
downlink level
QUALLEVHOM this parameter defines the handover margin for handovers due to
uplink quality or downlink quality
RF Optimization Flow Chart
Start
Identify KPI
Formula
Identify the problems
SDSR
Problems ?
Check
TRX
Quality
Check
Alarm
Check
Interference
Check all others
cause (Radio link
Failure, T200,
Transcoder) from
statistics
HOSR
Problems ?
Check
SDCCH
Blocking
Check
TCH
Blocking
Check Alarm
Check co-
channel and
co-BSIC
Check
Interference
Check
Neighbor
Relation
Check
Handover
Failure Per
Cause
Check
Handover
Parameter
DCR Problems
Check
TRX
Quality
Check Alarm
Check co-
channel and
co-BSIC
Check TA
Check
Interference
problems
Check Malist,
MAIO and
HSN
Check
measurement
from statistics
Take Action
list
Y
Y
Conclusion
Every New Network need good plan for avoid
problems that will be arise.
Commonly there are six step in conducting
planning.
The most critical problems in performing cell
planning process is interference.
the New Sites onair need to be optimized to
achieve the KPI
Pre Launch Optimization is done for new sites on
air or expansion sites.