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In delta V
L
= V
138. Why is a capacitor used in single phase motors, fluorescent tube lights and
electronic circuits.*
To provide a 90
0
phase shift to the incoming supply necessary for starting the motor.
To provide boost voltage for starting, power factor correction and to minimize
radio interference.For stabilizing voltage, filtration and coupling.
139. What is a solenoid?*
Single layered coil.
15
140. What is a photo cell?*
A cell whose resistance varies with intensity of light.
141. What is a magnetic pick-up?*
An electromagnet used as a speed or position sensor.
142. What is an electric tachometer?*
A generator producing voltage proportional to speed.
143. What is an overload relay?*
A safety trip for an electrical equipment which carries over-rated current.
144. What is colour code of resistors , Please explain ?
Colours to denote value. In four band colour coding, the first band indicates the first digit,
the second band : the second digit and the third band : the number of zeroes.
The values are as given below:
Black : 0, Brown : 1, Red : 2, Orange : 3, Yellow : 4, Blue : 5, Green : 6, Violet : 7, Grey
: 8, White : 9.
145. What is residual magnetism?*
Magnetism remaining in a Ferro magnetic material after the removal of magnetizing force.
146. Explain what happens if a DC motor is fed with AC supply?
Motor will run at low speed, sparking at brushes, heat due to eddy current will finally burn
the motor.
147. What are the basic parts of a DC motor?*
Rotor and stator, field poles, commutator, brushes, fan impeller, bearing & housing, end
covers and name plate.
148. What are the excitation methods used in an alternator?*
Rotary : Using rotating diode rectifiers, primary exciter and main exciter.
Static : Excitation given by brushes and slip rings.
149. What are the parts of a brushless AC generator?
Yoke, armature, stator, rotor, primary exciter, main exciter, rotary diode rectifier assembly,
impeller, bearing & housing, end cover, terminal block, AVR.
150. How can the direction of rotation of an AC motor be reversed?*
By interchanging any two supply lines.
151. What can be possible reasons for a motor failing to start?
No power , Fuse blown , Overload trip, contactor coil burnt , Contactors contacts bad, control
circuit relay faulty, stop switch open circuit and start switch does not operate, hold on
contact does not make and motor burnt.
152. What is meant by Single Phasing?*
When one supply is open circuit in a three phase motor.
16
153. Where is a rotor wound AC motor used?
For starting heavy torques, mostly used on portable machines and small winches.
154. What are the differences between synchronous and induction motor?*
Synchronous motor : Constant speed on all loads, can be operated on a wide range of power
factors, not self starting, requires dc excitation.
Induction Motor : Speed varies with load, operates on lagging power factor, self starting, no
dc excitation required.
155. What is the specific gravity of electrolyte used in lead acid battery?
1280 at full charge and 1180 at discharge.
156. Compare between lead acid and nickel-cadmium batteries?
Lead acid : Dilute H
2
SO
4
, spongy and PbSO
2
, low efficiency, 2 volt per cell, less strong,
requires more maintenance, less efficient wrt temperature, discharges fast, low cost, problem
of sulfation.
NiCd : KOH, Ni & Cd, high efficiency, 1.2V per cell, robust, less maintenance, more
efficient wrt temp difference, retains charge for longer periods, expensive, no sulfation.
157. What is a current transformer and voltage transformer?*
Current transformers used for sensing load currents and as inputs to indicating instruments.
Voltage transformers used for step-up / step-down voltages.
158. What are the safety precautions when working on electrical equipments?
Switch off power, wear proper protective clothing, safety shoes, Notice board : Do not switch
on Men at work, stand on rubber mat, remove metal rings, watch bracelets, use proper
insulated tools, check power supply with voltmeter and double check the voltmeter with
known power supply, keep one person stand-by with proper safety gears, inform authority
and get proper work permit. In case of electrical shock, give proper first aid, check heart beat
and pulse.