Mathematical Methods 1

Differential Calculus Revision

1. Find the derivatives of the following functions:
(a)
3 2 7 4
3 5
+ = x x x y
(g)
x
x x
y
2
8 1
2

=
(b)
2
2
3
3 x
x
y + = (h)
2
2
+ = x y
(c)
3
5 x x y = (i)
x
y
5
3
=
(d)
2
3 5
6
x
x x x
y
+
= ()
3
) 2 ( + = x y
(e)
x
x
y
4
4
1
+ =
(!)
2
1

+ =
x
x y
(f) ) 7 )( 5 (
2 3
x x x y + = (l)
24 6 2
1
4 3 2
x x x
x y + + + + =
2. "et
2 3 ) ( = x x f
and
x
x g
1
) ( =
#
(a) Find
) 4 ( f
and
) 3 ( g
#
(b) Find
) 1 5 ( + a f
and
) 1 2 ( + c g
#
(c) Find
) 1 ( f
and
) 2 ( g
(d) $%&lain in geo'etrical ter's what
) 2 ( g
means#
(e) Find the value(s) of % for
) ( ) ( x g x f =
#
(f) Find the coordinates of the &oint(s) where the curves
) (x f
and
) (x g

intersect#
(int: use &art (e)#
(g) )!etch the gra&hs of
) (x f
and
) (x g
on the sa'e set of a%es showing all %
and * interce&ts and all as*'&totes# +lso show the &oints of intersection#
(h) Find the e,uation of the tangent line to the curve
) (x g
at the &oint
2
1
= x
3. For the function
3 4
4x x y =
:
Gary Pocock 06/06/14 1
(a) Find the % and * interce&ts#
(b) Find the coordinates of all stationar* &oints#
(c) -eter'ine whether the stationar* &oints are 'a%i'a. 'ini'a. or &oints of
inflection#
(d) )!etch the gra&h of this function. showing all of the above &oints#
Answers
1# (a)
2 21 2/
3 2 7 4
3 4
3 5
=
+ =
x x
dx
dy
x x x y
(e)
3
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
2
4
1
2
4
1
4
4
1
4
4
1
x
x dx
dy
x x
dx
dy
x x y
x x
y
=
=
+ =
+ =

(b)
3
3
2 2
2
2
6
3
2
6
3
2
3
3
1
3
3
x
x
x x
dx
dy
x x y
x
x
y
=
=
+ =
+ =

(f)
35 1/ 28 5
35 5 7
) 7 )( 5 (
3 4
2 4 5
2 3
+ =
+ =
+ =
x x x
dx
dy
x x x x y
x x x y
(c)
3 2
3
2
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
3
1
2
5
3
1
2
5
5
5
x
x dx
dy
x x
dx
dy
x x y
x x y
=
=
=
=

(g)
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
4
2
1
2 2
8
2
1
2
8 1
2
2
1
2
2
=
=
=
=

=

x dx
dy
x
dx
dy
x x y
x
x
x
x
x
y
x
x x
y
Gary Pocock 06/06/14 2
(d)
2
2
2 2
1 3
3
2 2
3
2
5
2
3 5
6
1 3
6 1 3
6
6
6
6
x
x
dx
dy
x x
dx
dy
x x x y
x
x x y
x
x
x
x
x
x
y
x
x x x
y
+ + =
+ + =
+ =
+ =
+ =
+
=

(h)
x
dx
dy
x y

2
2
2
=
+ =
(i)
3
2
3
2
1
1/
3
1/
3
5
3
5
3
x
dx
dy
x
dx
dy
x y
x
y
=
=
=
=

(!)
3
3
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
1
2
1 1
1
x
x
dx
dy
x x
dx
dy
x x y
x
x y
x
x
x
x y
x
x y
=
=
+ + =
+ + =

+ =

+ =

()
2
2
2
2 3
2
3
) 2 ( 3
) 4 4 ( 3
12 12 3
8 12 6
) 2 )( 4 4 (
) 2 )( 2 )( 2 (
) 2 (
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ =
x
dx
dy
x x
dx
dy
x x
dx
dy
x x x y
x x x y
x x x y
x y
(l)
6 2
1
24
4
6
3
2
2
1
24 6 2
1
3 2
3 2
4 3 2
x x
x
dx
dy
x x x
dx
dy
x x x
x y
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + + =
2. "et
2 3 ) ( = x x f
and
x
x g
1
) ( =
#
(a)
1/ 2 ) 4 ( 3 ) 4 ( = = f

3
1
3
1
) 3 ( =

= g
(b)
1 15 2 ) 1 5 ( 3 ) 1 5 ( + = + = + a a a f

1 2
1
) 1 2 (
+
= +
c
c g
Gary Pocock 06/06/14 3
(c)
3 ) 1 (
3 ) (
=
=
f
x f

4
1
) 2 (
1
) 2 (
1
) (
2
2
2
=

=
= =

g
x
x x g
(d)
4
1
) 2 ( = g
'eans that the gradient of the tangent line to the curve
x
x g
1
) ( =
at the &oint % 0 12 is e,ual to
4
1

#
(e)
1
3
1
/ 1 / 1 3
/ ) 1 )( 1 3 (
/ 1 2 3
1 2 3
1 ) 2 3 (
1
2 3
) ( ) (
2
2
= =
= = +
= +
=
=
=
=
=
x or x
x or x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x g x f
(f) Fro' (e) the curves intersect at
1
3
1
= = x and x
# 2e ust need to find the *1
values of the &oints of intersection# 3ow
1 2 ) 1 ( 3 ) 1 ( = = f
. and
3 2 1 2
3
1
3
3
1
= =

f
#
4herefore the two curves intersect at the &oints

3 .
3
1
) 1 . 1 ( and
#
(g) 5se Graphmatica to check your sketches.
(h)
4
2
1
1
2
1
1
) (
1
) (
2
2
2
1
=

= =
= =

g
x
x x g
x
x
x g

)o the gradient of the tangent line at
2
1
= x
is 14# (i#e# ' 0 14)#
4herefore the e,uation of the tangent line is * 0 14% 6 c#
Gary Pocock 06/06/14 4
3ow when
2
1
= x
.
2
2
1
1
2
1
= =

g
#
)ince the &oint

2 .
2
1
lies on the tangent line we can substitute it into
* 0 14% 6 c to find 7c8#
4
2 2
2
1
4 2
=
+ =
+

=
c
c
c
)o the e,uation of the tangent line is * 0 14% 6 4#
3. ) 4 ( 4
3 3 4
= = x x x x y (*)
(a) 2hen % 0 /. * 0 /
3
(/ 1 4) 0 /# 4herefore *1interce&t is at (/. /)#
2hen * 0 /:
%
3
(% 1 4) 0 /
)o: %
3
0 / or % 1 4 0 /
4hat is. % 0 / or % 0 4# 4herefore % interce&ts are (/. /) or (4. /)
(b)
3 4
4x x y =

) 3 ( 4 12 4
2 2 3
= = x x x x
dx
dy
(**)
)tationar* &oints occur when
/ =
dx
dy
4hat is. 4%
2
(% 1 3) 0 /
)o: 4%
2
0 / or % 1 3 0 /
4herefore stationar* &oints occur at % 0 / or % 0 3#
3ow substitute these % values in (*) to find the corres&onding * values#
2hen % 0 /. * 0 /
4
1 4(/)
3
0 /
2hen % 0 3. * 0 3
4
1 4(3)
3
0 127
4herefore stationar* &oints occur at (/. /) and (3. 127)
(c) 5se the sign diagra' test# ()ubstitute the % values below into (**) )
Gary Pocock 06/06/14 5
+t % 0 /:
% -1 / 1
d*9d% - / -
)o there is a &oint of inflection at (/. /)#
+t % 0 3:
% 2 3 4
d*9d% - / +
)o there is a 'ini'u' at the &oint (3. 127)
(d) Check your sketch using Graphmatica#
Gary Pocock 06/06/14 6