Tema 4:Sintactical stylistic devices(elipsis,paralel

construction,rethorical question,enumeration)
Enumeration
Enumeration is a stylistic device by which separate things, objects, phenomena,
properties, actions are named one by one so that they produce a chain, the links of which,
being syntactically in the same position, are forced to display some kind of semantic
homogeneity, remote though it may seem.
"Scrooge was his sole executor, his sole administrator, his sole assign, his sole
residuary legatee". (Dickens)
In enumeration each word is closely associated semantically woth the following and
preceiding words,that produiced an overall effect on the reader,without requiring an special
effort.IN the example: above the effect in that of consecutive disaster.

The grouping of sometimes absolutely heterogeous notions meets the
peculiar purport of the writer. Enumeration is frequently used to depict
scenery through a tourists eyes as it gives one an insight into the mind of
the observer.

Ellipsis
Ellipsis as a stylistic device is a deliberate digression from the traditional literary
sentence structure.
"I bring him news will raise his drooping spirits."
Not all cases of ellipsis can be regarded as stylistic devices. There are many elliptical
sentences which are quite normal syntactic structures. E.g. "See you soon", "You say that?" it
is only when ellipsis produces a stylistic effect that it results in a stylistic device.
Ellipsis refers to any omitted part of speech that is understood, i.e.
the omission is intentional. In writing and printing this intentional
omission is indicated by the row of three dots () or asterisks (***).
Ellipsis always imitates the common features of colloquial language.
This punctuation mark is called a suspension point or dot-dot-dot.

Rhetorical Questions
The rhetorical question is a special stylistic syntactical device which consists in
restructuring a question into a statement, which though is expressed in the form of an
interrogative sentence. Rhetorical questions are usually a combination of a categorical
pronouncement and an exclamation.
"Have I not had to wrestle with my lot?
Have I not suffered things to be forgiven?"
Parallel Construction
Parallel construction are structures in which coordinate ideas are arranged
in phrases,sentaces,clauses(subject+verb),that balance one element with
another one of equal importance and similar grammatical constructions.In
simple wording parallel constrtions describe ideas of equal importance by
the same grammatical structures.
Parallel constructions may be inverted fot stronger emphases in many
things.
Parallel constructions convey with an authority to the utterance.The old
and new testaments contain many examples of parallelism.In the scientific
prose style the parallel construction are used to carry the idea of semantic
equality og the parts.In belle-letter style they have an emotive function.
Parallel Construction may be encountered not so much in the
sentence as in the macro-structures. The necessary condition in parallel
construction is identical, or similar, syntactical structure in two or more
sentences or parts of a sentence in close succession:
There were real silver spoons to stir the tea with, and real china cups
to drink tea out of, and plates of the same to hold the cakes and toast in.
Parallel Construction is most frequently used in enumeration,
antithesis and climax, thus consolidating the general effect achieved by
these stylistic devices.
In the following example parallelism backs up repetition, alliteration,
and antithesis, making the whole sentence almost epigrammatic:
And so, from hour to hour, we ripe and ripe,
And then, from hour to hour, we rot and rot.
Parallel Construction emphasizes the similarity, diversity, contrasts
the ideas equates the significance of the parts.
Our senses perceive no extremes. Too much sound deafens us; too
much light dazzles us; too great distance or proximity hinders our view.
Parallelism always generates rhythm; hence it is natural to be used in
poetry.