2009 Mark Tuttle

PARASITES
Protozoa
Category Protazoan Vector Treatment
Flagellated -
kinetoplastid
Leshmani (Aastigote
intra!ellularl"#
Sand $l" Antion"%Ap&oteri!in '
Trypanosoma brucei (Proastigote(
e)tra!ellular#
Tse tse $l" Surain%Melarsoprol
Trypanosoma cruzi (Aastigote intra!ellularl"# Rud*iik +ug ,one e$$e!ti*e - ni$ao)
Flagellated Giardia
Agua Metronidazole
Trichomonas
Ae+i!
(Psudopod#
Entameba
Sporozoa
(Intra!ellular(
se)ual reprod#
Toxoplasma Mus!le%.,S .at s&it%Meat Sul$onaide%P"rut&aine
Plasmodium R'.s Anopheles os/uito .&loro/uin%Pria/uin $or
e)o-er"t&riti!
Cryptosporidiu
m
Entero!"te Agua( $ood Re&"drate % Paro"!in
Tape0ors Teguent 1 no gut
Tapeworm Host Infectious form
Taenia saginata 'ee$ Tape0or ."st 2,34
Taenia solium Pork Tape0or ."st A,5 Eggs (dead end#
DiphyllobothriumlLatum Fis& Tape0or (10ater $lea 6 2 int
&osts#
."st 2,34
Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid
Cyst)
5ogs 7 S&eep
Eggs 2,34 (dead end#
Echinococcus multilocularis 5ogs 7 Rodents
Flukes Teguent 1 gut (no anus# egg otile lar*ae (ira!i!idia# SNAIL !er!aria (eta!er!aria#
adult
Fluke etacercarium !gg release site
asicola hepaticum
(3i*er $luke#
8ater plants 'ile
Paragonimus !estermani
(3ug $luke#
.rusta!eans
Sputu 2R s0allo0ed sputu $e!es
Sc"istosomas ,one9 5ire!tl" ature to
!er!ariae in 0ater:
2nl" ;0< o$ eggs ake it +a!k $ro site to =I:
2t&ers die and !ause in$laator" !"sts
(E): Suer>s !la" pipste $i+rosis in li*er#
"chistosoma mansoni
(lateral spine#
Mesenteri! *ein
Portal &"pertension( !or pulonale( esop&ageal
*ari!es "chistosoma #aponcicum
(,o spine#
"chistosoma haematobium
(Terinal spine#
'ladder *as!ulature Eggs in urine (Soe in $e!es#
2009 Mark Tuttle
,eatodes .uti!le 1 gut 1 anus Treat 0it& I*ere!tin( Al+endazole( anti-in$laator"
drugs
Intestinal ,eatodes? 5ire!t li$e !"!le
Nemato#e Pat"op"ysiology
Enterobius $Pinworm% - Migrate out o$ anus to la" eggs: Intense anal it!&ing autoin$e!tion possi+le
Trichuris trichiura
$&"ipworm%
Root+eer +arrel eggs
- Release eggs into $e!es: Feale li*es in !olon $or @-2 "ears: Releases ;000
eggs%da"
- Aig& intensit" in$e!tion (B ;00 eggs#
o Aneia( +lood" diarr&ea( re!tal prolapsed( T,F !a!&e)ia( !lu++ed $ingers
$scaris lumbricoides
Egg
- Mesenteri! * 3i*er Aeart%lungsMolt'ron!&iolesepiglottis=I
- Eosinop&ilia C( Ig=C
- Adult 0ors in intestine are rarel" a pro+le (an" !arriers are as"ptoati!#
unless t&e" +lo!k =I (0:00D< ortalit"#
- A+errant igration !an !ause pro+les
Trichinella spiralis
Spiral lar*a
- Penetrate !olunar epit&eliu( ature (E0&( D olts#
- ; da"s? 3ar*ae released to us!le en!"st: To ot&er tissue dies Fast li$e
!"!le
- ,2 Eggs passed in $e!es99
- First 0eek ? nausea( *oiting( !rapus( diarr&ea (,o eosinop&ilia "et#
- Se!ond 0eek ? Mus!le in*asion( "o!arditis( .,S in*asion $its( !oa et!
(Eosinop&ilia#
- T&ird 0eek ? 3ar*ae +egin to en!"st
Hookworm $ncylostoma%
&ecator
Sus&i egg
- Aea*" in$e!tions !an &a*e @0001 0ors( microcytic anemia
- P!N!T'AT! S(IN( Aeart%lungsMolt'ron!&iolesepiglottis=I (3ike
$scaris#
-
"trongyloides
'"a)#itiform
lar*ae in feces++
- P!N!T'AT! S(IN on!e r&a+diti$or lar*ae +e!oes $ilaria$or lar*ae (olts#
- Siilar to &ook0or( +ut &as ,2,-&uan reser*oir &osts( eggs &at!& 0it&in
intestine
- .an get autoin$e!tion9
- String test
Tissue neatodes? Indire!t li$e !"!le (art&ropod *e!tors#
Nemato#e Vector Pat"op"ysiology
'uchereria bancro(ti $et al% Mos/uitoes - 3"p&ati! $ilariasis (Elep&antiasis#
)rugi Mos/uitoes - 3"p&ati! $ilariasis (Elep&antiasis#
- Contains en#osym)iont 'olbachia - Anti+ioti!s !ure t&is disease
*nchocerca +ol+ulus 'la!k $lies - Mi!ro$ilariae in skin and e"es !ause ain disease
- 3i*e @-2 "ears and die in skin or e"es !ausing in$laation
- 5oes ,2T !ause dire!t in$e!tion o$ e"e 5ear du!ts dr" up 2ndar"
n$e!tion: